Digital Image: Subject Name of The Tropics Class Duration

LECTURE-1
Graphic Communication (9673)
SUBJECT NAME OF THE TROPICS CLASS DURATION

Graphic 1. Digital Image 45 minutes
Communication 2. Resolution
(9673) 3. Process of Resizing an
image
Digital image
A digital image is a numeric representation of a two-dimensional image. Depending on whether the
image resolution is fixed, it may be of vector or raster type. Without qualifications, the term "digital
image" usually refers to raster images also called bitmap images.
Raster Image
1. Raster images have a finite set of digital values, called picture elements or pixels. The digital
image contains a fixed number of rows and columns of pixels. Pixels are the smallest
individual element in an image, holding quantized values that represent the brightness of a
given color at any specific point.
2. Typically, the pixels are stored in computer memory as a raster image or raster map, a two-
dimensional array of small integers. These values are often transmitted or stored in a
compressed form.
3. Raster images can be created by a variety of input devices and techniques, such as digital
cameras, scanners, coordinate-measuring machines, seismographic profiling, airborne radar,
and more. They can also be synthesized from arbitrary non-image data, such as mathematical
functions or three-dimensional geometric models; the latter being a major sub-area of
computer graphics. The field of digital image processing is the study of algorithms for their
transformation.
4. Raster file format

Some digital cameras give access to almost all the data captured by the camera, using a raw
image format. The Universal Photographic Imaging Guidelines (UPDIG) suggests these
formats be used when possible since raw files produce the best quality images. These file
formats allow the photographer and the processing agent the greatest level of control and
accuracy for output. An alternative may be Digital Negative (DNG), a proprietary Adobe
product described as “the public, archival format for digital camera raw data”.
Image viewer software displays images. Web browsers can display standard internet image
formats including GIF , JPEG, and PNG (Portable Network graphics).
1
Vector
1. Vector images resulted from mathematical geometry (vector). In mathematical terms, a
vector consists of point that has both direction and length.
2. Often, both raster and vector elements will be combined in one image; for example, in the
case of a billboard with text (vector) and photographs (raster).
Explaining Digital Image Resolution

The Basics
All images from digital cameras or scanners are made up of PIXELS. The word PIXEL is a
contraction of the term PIcture ELement. A pixel's appearance can be defined as a tiny square of
color. If you magnified a high resolution digital image to 1,600 percent you would see the pixels (or
tiles) that the image is made up of.
PPI or DPI?
We will discuss pictures in terms of pixel density or the number of pixels per inch (measured
horizontally). This is referred to as PPI (or pixels per inch) but is also often called DPI. DPI (or dots
per inch) refers to the resolution of output devices such as laser or ink jet printers and platesetters or
film imagesetters. For the sake of accuracy we will use the term PPI (or Pixels Per Inch).
Resolution: High or Low?

In printing, we require a 300 PPI image at 100% to obtain good quality printing. Here is an example
of a high quality 300 PPI file at 100%. Note the crisp detail. This picture will look very good when it
is printed.
How to Batch Resize in Photoshop
2
While it’s relatively easy to write an Action to resize a series of images in Photoshop, it’s
easier still to get Photoshop to do all the work for you. Photoshop comes with an image
processor script that will open, resize and save a series of images for you – very quickly.
Step 1
Choose File > Scripts > Image Processor or Image > Image Size. The image processor dialog
shows a simple four-step process for resizing the images.
Step 2
In Step 1 of the dialog, select to either resize the images already open in Photoshop (if you
have them open), or click Select Folder and select a folder of images to resize. Select Include
all Subfolders to include all subfolders of the selected folder.
3
Step 3
In Step 2 of the dialog select where to save the images. If you select Save in Same Location
Photoshop creates a subfolder in which to save the images so you don’t have to worry about
overwriting them. If a subfolder by the same name already exists with images with the same names in
it, Photoshop saves to that folder but adds a sequential number to the file so you still won’t lose your
files. Alternatively, you can select a different folder for the resized images.
Step 4
In Step 3 of the dialog select the file type to save in. For the web Save as JPEG is the obvious choice.
Set a Quality value in the range 0 to 12 where 12 is the highest quality and 0 the lowest. For better
color on the web, select Convert profile to sRGB and ensure that Include ICC Profile at the foot of the
dialog is checked so the profile will be saved with the image.
4
To resize the images, select the Resize to Fit checkbox and then set the desired maximum width and
height for the final image. For example, if you type 300 for the width and 300 for the height, the
image will be resized so that the longest side of any image, whether it be in portrait or landscape
orientation will be 300 pixels. The images are scaled in proportion so they won’t be skewed out of
shape.
The Width and Height measurements do not have to be the same so you could, for example, specify a
Width of 400 and a Height of 300 and no image will have a width greater than 400 or a height greater
than 300.
Step 5
If desired you can save in another format as well by selecting its checkbox so you can save the same
image in different formats and at different sizes in the one process. You can also select to run an
Action on the images, if desired.
When you’re ready, click Run and the images will be automatically opened (if they are not already
open), resized, saved and closed.
To see your resized images, choose File > Open and navigate to the folder that you specified the
images to be saved to. If you chose to save as JPEG, the images will be in a subfolder called JPEG,
for PSD in a folder called PSD and so on.
So whenever you need to resize a lot of images for uploading to the web, for example, the Photoshop
Image Processor script makes the job almost painless.

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LECTURE-1

Graphic Communication (9673)

SUBJECT NAME OF THE TROPICS CLASS DURATION

4. Raster file format

Explaining Digital Image Resolution

Resolution: High or Low?

How to Batch Resize in Photoshop

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