FOREIGN LITERATURE

According to Howard and III stressed out that whenever students

are in their high school experience, they are the center of learning. in a
traditional high school, the center of the system is the content or
subject, not student learning. Howard and III present a system to
promote the shift from traditional content or subject -centered high
schools to students -centered high schools which isa called as
Collaborative Career Pathways - a system of oraganizing the student
learning interests and aptitudes around career paths. it provides a
structure for students to reference their learning and comment each
year of their high school experience. It allows students to plan and
pratice their skills while creating a smooth and succesful transition to a
post-secondary option.
Parents often have an influence on the career paths their offspring
pursue. A parent may urge a child into a vocation similar to their
own, or to one that has demonstrated high earning power. You
may find yourself attracted to a particular line of work because of
your parents’ professional history, which likely has given you a
first-hand perspective on that type of work. Many children grow
up idealizing the professions of their parents. If you always looked
up to your mother and admired her teaching skills, that may
influence you to pursue a career in education. Parents may also
intentionally or unintentionally push a child toward a particular
career path, especially in the cases of family-owned businesses,
where parents expect their children to take over the company. Still
other parents apply pressure on their offspring to strive for
particular high-profile careers, feeling they are encouraging their
children to reach high (McQuerrey, 2006)
 According to John Holland individuals are atrracted to a given
career by thier particular personalities and numerous variables that
constitute their backgrounds. First of all, career choice is an expression
of , or an extension of personality into the world of work folled by
subsquent identification with specific occupational stereotypes.
Accordingly, one chooses a career to satisfy preferred modal personal
orientation. Modal personal orientation is a development process
established through heredity and the individual's life history of reacting
to environmental demands. If the bindividual has developed a strong
dominant orientation, satisfaction is probable in a corresponding
occupational enviromment. If, however the orientation is one of
indecision, the livelihood of satisfaction diminishes.

Goffredson's Development Theory of Occupational Aspirations

describes how people become atrracted to certain occupations. Self-
concept in vocational development is the key factor to career selection
and people wants jobs that are compatible with their self-image. The
key determinants of self-concept are one's social class, level of
intelligence, and experiences with sex-typing. Roe's need approach
emphasized that early childhood experience play an important role in
finding satisfaction in one's chosen field. The need structure of the
individual, according to Roe, would be greatly influenced by early
childhood frustraions and satisfaction.
Students are influenced by different academic portions of the
class such as the value of the content, the structure, and the
workload. Students also looked upon their interest, academic goals
and schedules. students do not decide alone; and students
erratically ask for their family, friends and or faculties' advice. Not
all courses are prominent as others, but it is important to know
what students want from their classes, and their expectations of
themselves (Waugh, 2006)

LOCAL LITERATURE

Filipinos are known to be competitive in the international

community. However, our current education system hinders us
from becoming even more competitive. Starting in the 2012-2013
school year, the education system of the Philippines was enhanced
from the ten years of basic education to a 12-year program
through an initiative called the K-12 Education Plan sponsored by
the Department of Education (HubPages Inc. 2016). The K-12
program offers a decongested 12-year program that gives students
sufficient time to master skills and absorb basic competencies.
The K-12 program accelerates mutual recognition of Filipino
graduates and professionals in other countries (K-12 Philippines,
2015)

According to Elmer (1989). Career planning is life goal-setting.

Without such a plan, it is like making a journey to an unfamiliar
destination without a map. He proposed a Career Planning Guide
that will help the students in choosing their appropriate course from
planning a career, steps in planning career, goal-setting and self-
understanding. Also, it reveals that guidance and counseling is
invention of underemployment individuals and career preparedness
must be initiated.
Similarly, Tabunan (2003) states the importance of on-the-job
training (OJT) in the students' learning process and development.
OJTs allow students to experience the realities of business routines,
thus prompting them to improve their skills and other qualifications
for better employability.
In choosing a courses, a student must have a clear set of
goals. Having goals in life serves as a guide to what one hopes to
achieve. And whether one is a student or an educator, a successful
career requires putting one's heart into everything one aspires to
be.

FOREIGN STUDIES

According to the study conducted by Garcez (2007) it was

found out that by increasing career development activities, which
includes setting career goals, students had a higher self-esteem.
Maybe even more important, however is that students were more
satisfied about the education they were receiving. This will, in turn,
hopefully lead to students having a deeper desire and commitment
to succeed in their education. Another outcome of a higher self-
esteem, is that those students chose more difficult goals than
students with low self-esteem. She noted that excellent detailed
plan for teaching parents and teachers how to teach young students
to set career goals. The plan requires a total community effort
through educators, parents, and business. Students must be given
an opportunity to identify and explore their desired careers.
They can accomplish this through the 'School to Work Transition" or
"Job Shadowing Program." Through the cooperative efforts of the
entire community, students can identify career choices, set career
goals and have higher self-esteem at an early age. Ultimately, they
will further their education and have a better chance of succeeding
in the "do or die" world in which we live.