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    Aaaaaaaaaathe Discovery of The Parts of The Atom

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    Ivan Santos
    The modern scientific view of the atom consists of electrons, protons, and neutrons as its constituent particles. In the late 1800s, J.J. Thomson discovered the electron through his experiments with cathode rays. In 1917, Rutherford proved that the nucleus of hydrogen is present in other atomic nuclei, discovering the proton. Later, Chadwick showed in 1932 that there were uncharged particles in radiation with a similar mass to protons, which he termed neutrons. Today, atoms are understood to have a dense central nucleus composed of protons and neutrons, surrounded by negatively charged electrons.

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    Aaaaaaaaaathe Discovery of The Parts of The Atom

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    Ivan Santos
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    The modern scientific view of the atom consists of electrons, protons, and neutrons as its constituent particles. In the late 1800s, J.J. Thomson discovered the electron through his experiments with cathode rays. In 1917, Rutherford proved that the nucleus of hydrogen is present in other atomic nuclei, discovering the proton. Later, Chadwick showed in 1932 that there were uncharged particles in radiation with a similar mass to protons, which he termed neutrons. Today, atoms are understood to have a dense central nucleus composed of protons and neutrons, surrounded by negatively charged electrons.

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    The modern scientific view of the atom consists of electrons, protons, and neutrons as its constituent particles. In the late 1800s, J.J. Thomson discovered the electron through his experiments with cathode rays. In 1917, Rutherford proved that the nucleus of hydrogen is present in other atomic nuclei, discovering the proton. Later, Chadwick showed in 1932 that there were uncharged particles in radiation with a similar mass to protons, which he termed neutrons. Today, atoms are understood to have a dense central nucleus composed of protons and neutrons, surrounded by negatively charged electrons.

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    18 views2 pages

    Aaaaaaaaaathe Discovery of The Parts of The Atom

    Uploaded by

    Ivan Santos
    The modern scientific view of the atom consists of electrons, protons, and neutrons as its constituent particles. In the late 1800s, J.J. Thomson discovered the electron through his experiments with cathode rays. In 1917, Rutherford proved that the nucleus of hydrogen is present in other atomic nuclei, discovering the proton. Later, Chadwick showed in 1932 that there were uncharged particles in radiation with a similar mass to protons, which he termed neutrons. Today, atoms are understood to have a dense central nucleus composed of protons and neutrons, surrounded by negatively charged electrons.

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    The Discovery of the Parts of the Atom

    Modern scientific usage denotes the atom as composed of constituent particles: the
    electron, the proton and the neutron.

    Electron

    The German physicist Johann Wilhelm Hittorf undertook the study of electrical
    conductivity in rarefied gases. In 1869, he discovered a glow emitted from the cathode
    that increased in size with decrease in gas pressure. In 1896, the British physicist J. J.
    Thomson performed experiments demonstrating that cathode rays were unique
    particles, rather than waves, atoms or molecules, as was believed earlier. Thomson
    made good estimates of both the charge e and the mass m, finding that cathode ray
    particles (which he called “corpuscles”) had perhaps one thousandth the mass of
    hydrogen, the least massive ion known. He showed that their charge to mass ratio (e/m)
    was independent of cathode material.

    Proton

    In 1917 (in experiments reported in 1919), Rutherford proved that the hydrogen nucleus
    is present in other nuclei, a result usually described as the discovery of the proton.
    Earlier, Rutherford learned to create hydrogen nuclei as a type of radiation produced as
    a yield of the impact of alpha particles on hydrogen gas; these nuclei were recognized
    by their unique penetration signature in air and their appearance in scintillation
    detectors. These experiments began when Rutherford noticed that when alpha particles
    were shot into air (mostly nitrogen), his scintillation detectors displayed the signatures of
    typical hydrogen nuclei as a product. After experimentation Rutherford traced the
    reaction to the nitrogen in air, and found that the effect was larger when alphas were
    produced into pure nitrogen gas. Rutherford determined that the only possible source of
    this hydrogen was the nitrogen, and therefore nitrogen must contain hydrogen nuclei.
    One hydrogen nucleus was knocked off by the impact of the alpha particle, producing
    oxygen-17 in the process. This was the first reported nuclear
    reaction, 14N+α→17O+p.

    Neutron

    In 1920, Ernest Rutherford conceived the possible existence of the neutron. In


    particular, Rutherford examined the disparity found between the atomic number of an
    atom and its atomic mass. His explanation for this was the existence of a neutrally
    charged particle within the atomic nucleus. He considered the neutron to be a neutral
    double consisting of an electron orbiting a proton. In 1932, James Chadwick showed
    uncharged particles in the radiation he used. These particles had a similar mass as
    protons, but did not have the same characteristics as protons. Chadwick followed some
    of the predictions of Rutherford, the first to work in this then unknown field.

    Atom

    The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense central nucleus surrounded
    by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The atomic nucleus contains a mix of
    positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons (except in the case of
    hydrogen-1, which is the only stable nuclide with no neutrons).

    J. J. Thomson
    Sir Joseph John Thomson was an English physicist and Noble Laureate in Physics,
    cresitted with the discovery and identification of the electron; and with the discovery of
    the first subatomic particle.

    J. J. Thomson, who discovered the electron in 1897, proposed the plum pudding model
    of the atom in 1904 before the discovery of the atomic nucleus in order to include the
    electron in the atomic model. In Thomson’s model, the atom is composed of electrons
    (which Thomson still called “corpuscles,” though G. J. Stoney had proposed that atoms
    of electricity be called electrons in 1894) surrounded by a soup of positive charge to
    balance the electrons’ negative charges, like negatively charged “plums” surrounded by
    positively charged “pudding”. The electrons (as we know them today) were thought to
    be positioned throughout the atom in rotating rings. In this model the atom was also
    sometimes described to have a “cloud” of positive charge.

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