Laporan Praktikum Pengamatan Mikroskopis
Laporan Praktikum Pengamatan Mikroskopis
Laporan Praktikum Pengamatan Mikroskopis
th
Makassar, November 2018
Assistant Coordinator Assistant
Known by,
Responsibility Lecturer
A. Background
The world can be thankful to the microscope for a great many things. How
one-sided and limited our knowledge of nature would be if the trail-blazing
scientist had not been able to discover new worlds by microscopic examination in
the last two and a half centuries. Humans on Earth have always wanted to know
what was around him that everything was created by God Almighty. Good things
visible and invisible by using only the naked eye. With limited capabilities that
exist so that humans try to find a tool that can be used to see the object.
Microscopes become a very important tool in the field of biological sciences
especially when they want to observe substances / molecules that are small
enough that cannot be seen by only relying on normal eye vision.
Compared to modern microscopes, the microscope is a very simple device,
using only one lens, mounted in a small hole in the brass plate that forms the body
of the instrument. The microscope is an instrument that is most widely used in a
laboratory activity. Because almost all biology courses require microscopes in
their laboratory activities.
Living things are arranged from the smallest units to form the largest unit
called individuals. The smallest unit of all living things is known as the cell name
which has a distinctive structure that regulates the activity of the individual. These
cells also work in a system known as network which is a collection or unit which
is the consistency of these cells.
The network as a constituent of living organ species has a very diverse type
and its constituent cells have a fairly high level of complexity so that it takes an
observation to know the actual shape of the network and what actually causes the
different forms of one network with other tissues.
The diversity of forms and functions of networks for example lies in the
shape of the constituent cells or the structure of the organelles that make up the
network. This diversity requires a good knowledge of the structure and network
that makes us do practicum about the constituent tissues in plants and animals.
B. Purpose
After doing this activity students are expected to be able to explain the
structure and kinds of networks that make up the organs of plants and
animals.
C. Benefits
1. Students can see the structure and tissue directly in plants and animals
with the help of a microscope.
2. Students are able to show parts of the tissue and the location of tissues in
plants and animals.
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Observation Results
Comparative Image
Network Explanation
Picture Observation
name From Internet
Image
40 x 10
40 x 10
Group 1
1. Nukleus
10 x 10 2. Cytoplasma
Rabbit
Muscle 10 x 10
www.google.com
Comparative Image
Network Picture Explanation
Observation
name From Internet
Image
Group 2
Zea Mays
10 x 0,25
Zea Mays
10 x 0,25
Group 3
Zea Mays
And Cucurbita
Cucurbita Moschata
Moschata Stem
Stem
Cucurbita 10 x 0,25
10 x 0,25 www.google.co
Moschata m
Stem
Comparative Image
Network Picture Explanation
Observation
name From Internet
Image
10 x 10 10 x 10
Group 4
40 x 10
Human 40 x 10
Blood
www.google.com
Comparative Image
Network Picture Explanation
Observation
name From Internet
Image
Group 5
Plain
Muscle Goat Heart
Cat Muscle
40 x 10
Goat Heart Muscle
And
40 x 10
Goat www.google.com
Heart
Muscle
Comparative Image
Network Picture Explanation
Observation
name From Internet
Image
Group 6
Zea Mays
Root Zea Mays Stem
10 x 10
Zea Mays Stem
And
10 x 10
www.google.com
Zea Mays
Stem
Comparative Image
Network Picture Explanation
Observation
name From Internet
Image
Mammal Skin
10 x 10
Mammal Skin
10 x 10
Group 7
Mammal
Skin Neuron cell of
goat
And Neuron cell of goat 10 x 10
10 x 10
Neuron www.google.com
Cell of
Goat
Comparative Image
Network Picture Explanation
Observation
name From Internet
Image
Compact bone
horse
10 x 10
Compact bone horse
10 x 10
Group 8
Compact
Bone
Horse
Hyaline bone goat Hyaline bone goat
And 10 x 10 10 x 10
Hyaline www.google.com
Bone
Goat
B. Discussion
1. Plant Tissue
1.) Stem of the object
2. Epidermal cells covered by compact without a space between cells.
3. Serves to protect the existing tissue undermeath.
4. Xylem is the vascular tissue that functions to transport water and
minerals from the roots throughout the plant.
5. Phloem is a tissue carrier which serves to transport the result of
photosynthesis and leaves throughout the plant body.
2.) Grow on the monocotyle
1. Root hair function to permeate the water and mineral salt from
within land ground.
2. Epidermis represent the protector network.
3. Cortex referred as also first husk because representing husk of paa
root consisted of by the cell coming from dot grow the primary.
4. Endodermis consisted of to by endue the cell encircling stele or
represent the cortex interior limiting among cortex and stele.
5. Cyperus microiria of located in middle shares and encircled by
xylem and floem.
6. Xylem of located in middle shares grow on and function to
transport the food gist sari to entire all body.
3.) Stem Monocotyle
1. Epidermis lay in by external shares of functioning bar as protector
to loss the irrigate.
2. Floem function to transport result of photosynthesis from leaf to
entire/all body.
3. Xylem function to transport the mineral salt from root to leaf.
4.) Leaf Monocotyle
1. Epidermis of leaf monocotyle consisted of to by endue the cell
with the thick wall superimpose the cuticle and do not have
chlorophyll, there are on the surface of for and under leaf, and
also function as protection.
2. Palisade consisted of by the supporter cell lapped over a meeting
and a lot of containing chlorophyle so that in it take place the
prose photodynthesis.
3. Stomata is usually lapped over is usually lapped over as
consecution of moss and leaf. Consecution stomata of located in
between leaf blood-vessel and function as incoming air way and
go out the leaf.
4. Spons consisted of by the cell which do not be rich so with the
chlorophyll, form and its formation is not regular, a lot of owning
space usher the cell which in it there are binding conveyor which
is in the form of leaf bone.
5. Xylem function to transport the water and mineral salt from
land;ground of through root later; then go to the leaf.
6. Floem function to transport result of photosynthesis from leaf to
entire/all plant body.
5.) Root on the dicotyle
1. Root hair permeate the water and mineral salt from within
land’ground.
2. Epidermis represent the thick natural protector network function
as way in irrigate and mineral salt.
3. Cortex of located in epidermis area and function as food reserve.
4. Located endodermis is coat side in function to arrange entry of
ground water into small channel transport.
5. Prakambium of located in coat side in functioning endodermis to
form the reserve grow on the cambium cork.
6. Xylem function to transport the water and mineral salt from root
to leaf.
7. Floem function to transport result of photosynthesis.
6.) Stem Dicotyle
1. Epidermis lay in by shares outside function as vitamin of kitin at bar
protect the loss in order not to irrigate too much.
2. Colenkim with the thick cellulose wall.
3. Cambium of located in among binding small channel of cylem and
phloem.
4. Xylem lay in by interior bind conveyor.
7.) Leaf Dicotyle
1. Epidermis of divisible leaf dicotyle for two, that is epidermis for and
epidermis of under. Consist of one enduing cell which is its for square
(brick) structured meeting, do not contain the chlorophyll and
transparent. Its function to protect the cell coat laid at deeper than
dryness and also take care of the leaf form to be remain to in a state of
from the beginning.
2. Multicellular cortex and lapped over in layers, flimsy wall cell and have
the space usher the cell.
3. Xylem function to channel the water and mineral salt from root to leaf
tabletop.
4. Floem function to channel result of photosynthesis from leaf to
entire/all plant body.
2. Animal Tissue
There is four base tissue groups that form body all animal, including
multiceluller’s man and being low level as arthropod: epithelium’s tissue,
fastener tissue, contributor tissue, and nerve tissue.
1. Epithelium’s tissue
2. Fastener tissue
3. Muscle tissue
4. Afferent tissue
5. Contributor tissue.
So, we have the identified them :
1. Non striated muscle
Non striated muscle spindle shaped with both ends tapered and
enlarged middle section with a length of several microns. Smooth muscle
is also called muscle in, because smooth muscle develop inner tools, such
as the digestive tract, blood vessels, genital tract, and gastrointestinal
excretion. When viewed with a microscope, spindle-shaped smooth
muscle cells with both end pointed. This muscle has only one core.
Smooth muscle movement does not obey our will or work outside of
awareness. Therefore, smooth muscle is also called involuntary muscle.
This muscle work is slow, orderly, and not gets tired.
2. Smooth muscle
Bubble-shaped smooth muscle cells with a nucleus located in the
middle sarcoplasmic flat. Smooth muscle found in the muscles in the so
called viscera and autonomic felsarafan who himself has worked in the
subconscious. Smooth muscle contraction is slow, but not tired.
3. Striated muscle
Also called striated muscle because the fibers of skeletal muscle
contractions reflect light with intermittent alternating light and dark
vertical bands on the shaft to fotm muscle. Striated muscle consists of a
cylinder is very long and not branched.
4. Heart muscle
Heart muscle found in heart, composed of striated fibers which
branched branch and talk to each other. Heart muscle cells form branched
chains and often two or more forms synoutrum. Nuclei of one or two
pieces which is located at the center, the size of muscle fibers is smaller
than skeletal muscle. The defining features of heart muscle or have
comprised discus interkolaris.
5. Compact bone
Tissue serves as the support of the body that bind to each other such
tissues, these tissues each consisting of cells; this tissue is used to provide
power assistance and weak parts of your body, filling the body
considering a tissue. The tissue consists of lamella advocates, kanalikuli,
lacuna, and lamella. Which includes ancillary tissue is a tissue of bone,
cartilage tissue and blood in the lymph nodes.
6. Neuron
Neuron tissue formed by cells called neurons that work led
electrochemical nerve impulses. Each neuron has a cell body containing
the nucleus, having two or more cytoplasm, through which the nerve
fiber impulses. Dendrite nerve fibers that deliver impulses to the cell
body. Axons that transmit impulses away from the cell body.
7. Blood Tissue
Blood is the fluid found in all beings life (except plants), high level
function sends substances and oxygen needed ileh body, transporting
materials chemical results of metabolism, as well as the body’s defenses.
Inside there are all kinds of blood, including:
1. Erythrocyte
1. A major part of blood cells.
2. Contain hemoglobin which has a holding capacity of oxygen
and carbon dioxide.
3. Formed in bone marrow from the back of the embryo created
in limpha and liver.
2. Leukocytes
1. Neutrophils, is 65% of leukocytes that can kill bacteria by
means fogositosit.
2. Eusinofil, the cytoplasm are many types of leukocytes
containing granules (lysosomes) and function block parsit.
3. Basophils, is part of the leukocytes, but only 1% of function
muddling through infection, inflammation and allergies.
CHAPTER V
CLOSING
A. Conclusion
Plant tissue consists of meristem tissue and adult tissue. Meristem network
is a network that is always actively dividing. Adult tissue consists of
parenchymal tissue, protective tissue (epidermis), reinforcement tissue and
transport network. The network arranges various plant organs, namely roots,
stems and leaves
Animal tissue consists of epithelial tissue, connective tissue, nerve tissue,
muscle tissue all of which have different structures and functions. Smooth
muscle tissue resembles spindles and has one core in the middle. Lurik
muscle tissue has bright and dark lines. The heart muscle tissue is branched in
shape and has two to three nuclei in the middle. The neural network is
composed of dendrites, cell bodies, nuclei, and axons.
B. Suggestion
The suggestions for further practicum are as follows.
1. It is better for the practitioner to be more careful in observing the structure
of the preparations observed on the microscope.
2. It is expected that the assistant can improve his guidance so that the
practitioner can make observations properly and correctly.
BIBLIOGRAPHY