Save The Children Report 2019
Save The Children Report 2019
Save The Children Report 2019
IN OUR LIFETIME
G L O B A L C H I L D H O O D R E P O RT 2 0 19
S U M M A RY
Photo: Victoria Zegler / Save the Children
CONTENTS
1 Introduction
4 End of Childhood Index Results
2000 vs. 2019
9 10 Factors Driving Change
for Children Since 2000
13 Recommendations
19 Progress Rankings 2000-2019
21 End of Childhood Index Rankings 2019
22 Complete End of Childhood Index 2019
26 Endnotes
28 Acknowledgements
challenges they face. Learning from these success stories The moral case for investing in children is compelling.
proved to be a powerful tool to improve the well-being In a world so rich in resources, know-how and technology,
of children and communities, and also the effectiveness it is unacceptable that we allow today’s levels of child
of organizations. In our centennial year, we are paying deprivation to continue.
tribute to this innovative idea, and using it to identify Lost childhoods are a result of choices that exclude
countries that are achieving better than average progress particular groups of children by design or neglect. A child’s
for children. By looking at the strategies employed experience of childhood is largely determined by the care
successfully within these countries, we find inspiration and protection they receive, or fail to receive, from adults.
to inform work elsewhere. The Convention on the Rights of the Child affirms children’s
Even in the poorest countries in the world, there are right to survival, food and nutrition, health and shelter.
many examples of extraordinary progress. This is a clear Children also have the right to be educated, both formally
demonstration that, when the right steps are taken, and informally. They have the right to live free from fear
“development works.” Building on this evidence, this and discrimination, safe from violence, and protected from
report makes a powerful case for greater investment in abuse and exploitation. And they have a right to be heard
child-sensitive development. and to participate in decisions that affect them.3
Success stories in this report illustrate some of the In 2015, world leaders gathered at the United Nations
strategies that are working to save children around the to make a bold commitment – to end poverty in all its
world. They include: strengthening legal frameworks, forms by 2030 and protect the planet for future
improving health systems, investing in education, improving generations. Taken together, the Sustainable Development
household incomes, and empowering teenagers to make Goals (SDGs) they established paint a vision of a future in
life choices that set them on a path to realize their which all children enjoy their rights to health, education
full potential. and protection – the building blocks of childhood.4
The 10 bottom-ranked countries – eight from West and the world, children are robbed of significant portions of
Central Africa – are a reverse image of the top, their childhoods.
performing poorly on most indicators. Children in these The United States, China and Russia may be the three
countries are the least likely to fully experience childhood, most powerful countries in the world – in terms of their
a time that should be dedicated to emotional, social and economic, military and technological strength and global
physical development, as well as play. Low index rankings
also highlight the challenges of armed conflict and
poverty. Nine of the bottom 10 countries are low-income
and six of the bottom 10 are fragile and conflict-affected
states. 5 In these and many other countries around
940 or above – Few children missing out on childhood 3 Slovenia 171 Somalia
760 to 939 – Some children missing out on childhood 6 Germany 172 South Sudan
600 to 759 – Many children missing out on childhood
6 Ireland 173 Mali
380 to 599 – Most children missing out on childhood
379 or below – Nearly all children missing out on 8 Italy 174 Chad
childhood
8 South Korea 175 Niger
For more details, see the Methodology and Research 10 Belgium 176 Central African Republic
Notes beginning on page 54 of the full report.
900 CEE/CIS*
800
Latin America and Caribbean
South Asia
700 Eastern and Southern Africa
600
500
400
2000 2019
influence – but all three badly trail most of Western Sierra Leone has achieved a 246-point increase in its
Europe in helping children reach their full potential. China index score since 2000, rising from 345 to 591. Two
and the U.S. are tied for 36th place, and Russia ranks 38th. decades after the end of the 11-year civil war, and just a
Their scores are 941, 941 and 940, respectively – at least few years after a devastating Ebola outbreak, the country
30 points behind most Western European countries. has made strong gains for children on almost all indicators.
China has made the most progress of the three in recent Child marriage is down nearly 60 percent. Under-5
decades, steadily improving conditions for its children, mortality has been cut by more than half (53 percent).
while Russia and the U.S. have made less progress. Child labor is down by at least 40 percent. Fewer children
are stunted and there are fewer teen births (rates for both
are down by about 30 percent). Child homicide declined
GREAT GLOBAL PROGRESS FOR CHILDREN 20 percent. But, by far, the greatest progress is that fewer
Save the Children took a look back at the data for the families are affected by conflict. In 2000, 1 in every 5
year 2000 and found a remarkable story of progress, people in Sierra Leone had been forcibly displaced from
in almost every country, in just one generation. A home. Today, that figure is 1 in 700 – a 99 percent
comparison of End of Childhood Index scores for 2000 and reduction.
2019 shows 173 out of 176 countries are doing better at Rwanda’s score rose 241 points, from 503 to 744.
giving their children full and stable childhoods. The most Twenty-five years after the Rwandan genocide, the
dramatic progress has been among some of the world’s country has improved on most indicators. Under-5
poorest countries. These successes show that poverty mortality is down 79 percent. Many more children are in
does not have to be a barrier to progress, and political school and many fewer children are married before age 18
choices can matter more than national wealth. (the out-of-school rate and child marriage rate are both
down by 60 percent). Rwanda has also cut child labor, bottom, as the situation for children has continued to
adolescent births and child homicides in half since 2000. improve, while conditions have worsened in Central
Ethiopia increased its score by 237 points, rising from African Republic. Niger’s under-5 mortality rate is down
414 to 651. Improvements in child survival and education 62 percent since 2000 – that’s 44,000 fewer child deaths
have been the main drivers of progress, but reductions in each year. School enrollment rates have more than
malnutrition and child marriage have also been important. doubled (from 19 to 48 percent). And child homicide is
Child mortality, children out of school and child marriage down 36 percent. In 2000, nearly all children in Niger were
have all been cut by about half or more. The adolescent missing out on childhood. One child in 4 did not survive to
birth rate is down 41 percent, stunting is down 33 percent, age 5. Over 80 percent of children were out of school and
and child homicide is down 30 percent. over half were chronically malnourished. Two-thirds of
Niger has more than doubled its score since 2000, from girls aged 15 to 19 were already married and more than
167 to 402. In relative terms, this is the greatest increase 1 in 5 gave birth each year. Niger still has a long way to
of any country. Niger was the lowest-ranked country on go – especially with regard to child marriage and early
the index in 2017 and 2018, but this year it rises from the childbearing – but sustained improvements over the years
Developed countries made more modest gains and • Venezuela, experiencing a socioeconomic and
we often see rising inequality despite overall progress. The political crisis since 2010, has a score drop of
biggest score increases are in Latvia and Estonia (both up 32 points, from 739 to 707. The under-5 mortality
40 points from 927 to 967) and Lithuania (up 39 points rate has risen 40 percent and child homicide is up
from 934 to 973). Child mortality is down more than 60 percent. Displacement has also risen sharply.
70 percent in Latvia and Estonia. Lithuania made good
gains across five indicators. • Trinidad and Tobago’s score fell 29 points, from
Only three countries have seen a decline in their scores 885 to 856. Chronic malnutrition has led to a
since 2000: doubling of the stunting rate (from 5 to 11 percent
of children under age 5) and data suggest the child
• Syria, now in its ninth year of war, has lost 151 points homicide rate has quadrupled, from 4 to 16 deaths
from its 2000 score, dropping from 794 to 643. per 100,000 children.
Threats to childhood have risen steadily, with
significant increases in malnutrition, children out of See the 2000-2019 Progress Rankings, 2019 Country
school and displacement. In 2000, there was almost Rankings, the Complete End of Childhood Index
no forced displacement in Syria. Today, 75 percent (pages 19-25) and an explanation of the methodology,
of the population is displaced from their homes by beginning on page 47 of the full report.
the conflict.
1
The MDG agenda – Launched in 2000, the children with a free and compulsory education and set a
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) galvanized minimum age for employment, though implementation of
a 15-year global campaign to end poverty in all these policies remains challenging in both countries.
its forms. This was the first-ever global strategy with
3
quantifiable targets to be agreed upon by all United Social investment and economic growth –
Nations member states. Thanks to concerted global, Economic growth on its own does not guarantee
regional, national and local efforts, the MDGs saved the greater resources for social investment in children’s
lives of millions and improved conditions for many more. programs, but a number of countries have used additional
A recent Brookings Institution study found as many as resources resulting from economic growth to create highly
19 million extra child lives – most of them in Africa – were effective programs benefitting children (for example,
saved because of MDG-accelerated action.6 Major Bangladesh, Brazil, Ethiopia and Vietnam).12 Economic
increases in rates of progress also resulted in as many as growth has driven malnutrition reductions in China and
111 million more children completing primary school and Mongolia and child labor reductions in Central Asia. In
at least 471 million extra people being lifted out of addition, revising fiscal and tax policies and making them
extreme poverty.7 And yet, for all these gains, progress more equitable can boost household incomes, providing
was uneven. Extreme poverty and inequalities persist. additional funds to parents to pay for their children’s health
This is especially true for the roughly 1.5 billion people in care, nutrition and education.
conflict-affected countries and on the extreme margins of Conditional cash transfers are another social protection
society who benefited least from the goals.8 strategy that has proven effective in many countries.
Governments or organizations transfer money to people
2
Government commitment – Strong political who meet certain criteria, such as enrolling children in
leadership at the national level – among heads of school or receiving vaccinations. Food and other incentives
government and key policymakers – has played a have also been used this way. For example, in Bangladesh,
crucial role in helping millions more children survive and girls received incentives to delay marriage, avoid teenage
thrive.9 In Ethiopia, for example, the nation’s steadfast childbearing and stay in school.13
commitment and leadership over several decades to save
4
the lives of newborns in both urban and remote rural areas Improved planning and implementation –
has resulted not only in global recognition of the country’s Policy commitments are important but they require
advances, but also the recent appointment of its former detailed and coordinated programs to succeed.
top health administrator as the head of the World Health The most effective programs often involve a number
Organization. Of course, changes in government can of sectors participating toward the same goal while
undermine such efforts, but in countries like Bangladesh, seeking support and buy-in from local communities and
Colombia and Ethiopia, progress has continued despite major donors. Practitioners have found that coordinated
changes in leadership.10 investments in education, health, poverty reduction,
In addition, in sharp contrast to 2000, more national water and sanitation (i.e., “whole systems” approaches)
governments recognize the value of increased social can have a much greater impact on improving the lives
investment and poverty reduction and have created of children than interventions from individual sectors.14
enabling legislation that addresses these issues. Progress India’s comprehensive approach to tackling child marriage,
against child labor in Brazil and Mexico, for example, for example – including policy reforms and investments
would not have happened without active government in education, livelihoods and community mobilization
policies.11 Several countries – including Burkina Faso, India, for change – has been the key to its success. Similarly,
Malawi and Sierra Leone – have recently created multisectoral programs have been critical drivers of
legislation addressing the basic right of children not to be nutrition gains in Ethiopia and across Africa.
married at an early age. And Ghana and Sierra Leone are Timing is also important. Typically, investments in
the latest countries to take important steps to provide education come first and support later gains in health and
5
Reducing inequities – Progress in child well- many developing countries are doing just that.
being has often been greatest where there has
7
been an explicit emphasis on directing resources Empowering women and young girls –
to and improving the situation of the poorest and most Advances in girls’ education (including equal access
marginalized groups. Vietnam has targeted programs to to primary school), falling fertility rates, delays
disadvantaged minority ethnic groups. Bangladesh has in marriage and first pregnancy, greater participation
worked to reduce sex differentials in child mortality and in the labor market, and a stronger political voice all
school enrollment, and Brazil has had success in reducing represent major advances for women since the year 2000.
malnutrition and child mortality among the poorest And not surprisingly they have had a direct and major
quintiles and in the poorest parts of the country.15 Egypt, impact on the health, social and economic well-being of
Mali, Malawi, Niger and Sierra Leone have done especially women and their children. As this report shows, rising
well at reaching the poorest children with lifesaving health education rates among women and girls have been critical
interventions. All are examples of countries taking the to improvements in child health in Bangladesh and child
extra step as they seek to improve the lives of their most protection in Afghanistan and India.23
marginalized citizens – including millions of children whose Empowering women and girls also leads to strengthened
lives remain untouched throughout decades of progress. economies and more equitable societies.24 Investing in
Much remains to be done to reach the poorest children education programs for girls and increasing the age at
who tend to be the furthest behind. Studies by Save the which they marry can return $5 for every dollar spent.25
Children and UNICEF suggest that global development Investing in programs improving incomes for women can
goals would be reached faster with a focus on the most return $7 dollars for every dollar spent.26 And yet, despite
disadvantaged children and communities.16 this progress, gender inequalities remain pervasive in each
and every dimension of sustainable development.27
6
Development assistance – Global aid declined in
8
the 1990s, but has doubled since 2000.17 Development Women’s leadership – Since 1995, when the
assistance plays a key role in improving children’s Beijing Platform for Action was adopted, the
well-being, particularly in low-income countries. An proportion of women serving in parliaments around
analysis by the Overseas Development Institute and the world has more than doubled, growing from 11 percent
Save the Children found countries in sub-Saharan Africa that year to 24 percent in 2019.28 Women in government
that received the most aid over the period 1998-2008 also have gained ground in 90 percent of the 174 countries for
made the most progress in child well-being.18 which data are available for 1995 to 2019.29 The number
Targeting aid to children not only improves their lives in of single or lower houses of parliament where women
the short term, but also can pay huge dividends for a poor occupy 30 percent or more of the seats (the target
country’s economy over the longer term. One recent study identified in Beijing) has increased from 5 to 50, while those
found that spending $1 on childhood vaccines in a low- with 40 percent or more have jumped from 1 to 15. The
income country can generate as much as $44 in future number of male-only parliaments dropped, from 10 to 3.
savings.19 Other studies have shown that girls’ education As of January 1, 2019, there were three countries with
can be the single best investment a poor country can make over half of parliamentary seats held by women: Rwanda
to improve its economic future.20 Early childhood care and (61 percent), Cuba (53 percent) and Bolivia (53 percent). 30
development interventions also promise high rates of Evidence is growing of the positive impact women’s
return to families, societies and nations.21 participation has on policy outcomes for children and
Of course, aid alone will not drive progress. Aid is most families and development outcomes more broadly. 31 Issues
effective for children where national commitments to child like gender-based violence, equal pay, child care, health
well-being already exist and can strengthen and facilitate care, reproductive rights, family leave, violence against
the implementation of effective programs and services. It children and child marriage are increasingly on the
often takes innovative initiatives – coupled with good local political agendas of countries. A robust body of research
governance, political commitment and donor support – to shows that a greater proportion of women legislators has
ensure major progress. Consider the dramatic reduction in a profound impact on peace and security.32 Female
children’s deaths due to infectious diseases. In many of the legislators also tend to increase foreign aid, particularly
world’s poorest neighborhoods, local physicians with for education and health.33 At the grassroots level, women
government support have worked tirelessly with global and girls are leading efforts to end child marriage in India,
alliances like Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, to help children Indonesia, Lebanon, Mexico, Pakistan, Senegal and
survive malaria, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, HIV and other countries. 34
9
New technologies – Since 2000, the spread of improve early diagnosis of HIV in infants, monitor
mobile phones, computers and the Internet have malnutrition in children and to educate individuals about
transformed the way people live, work and interact. family planning, adolescent health and prenatal care.
Nearly the entire world population (96 percent) now During the recent Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone, mobile
live within reach of a mobile cellular network, up from phones were used to send emergency alerts, support
58 percent in 2001.35 And more than half of the world’s health worker responses and increase access to help lines.
population is now online, up from just over 6 percent Digital tools and technologies are being used to
in 2000. improve livelihoods (for example, e-commerce platforms
New, compelling evidence shows digital solutions are help expand market opportunities and mobile banking
positively linked to progress on most (11 of 17) Sustainable allows poor families to save and gain access to credit).
Development Goals. 36 Information and communications ICTs are also increasing access to quality education
technologies (ICTs) have had a positive impact on and promoting learning. This progress has been especially
economic growth, boosting incomes for people from all valuable for girls, refugees, children with disabilities and
segments of society. There is growing evidence that ICTs others who might otherwise be out of school.37,38,39,40,41
have also contributed to improvements in child survival,
10
health and well-being. Social media – Facebook, Twitter, YouTube,
Telemedicine is making medical advice and treatment Instagram and other social media platforms have
options available to people no matter where they live. spread around the world with remarkable speed.
Digital health platforms are being used by frontline health The Pew Research Center surveyed adults in 37 countries
workers to diagnose and treat pneumonia, remind parents and found social media usage varied from a high of
about actions that keep their babies healthy, and improve 75 percent in Jordan to a low of 20 percent in Tanzania
the coordination of vaccination campaigns and bed net and India.42 Across the 19 developing countries surveyed,
distributions to prevent mosquito bites that spread 53 percent of adults said they used social media, up from
malaria. Mobile phones are being used to register births, 34 percent just five years earlier.
Social media has had a huge impact on how people social activism, boost economic activity, facilitate disaster
communicate with one another and access information. response and relief, bolster civic engagement, enhance
By giving a platform to anyone who wants to use it, advocacy efforts and mobilize for peace. The public profile
social media has the potential to open and democratize of child marriage, for example, has been boosted through
societies.43 It can facilitate discussions, inspire action increased media attention globally. 47 Similarly, socially
and vastly speed up the diffusion of information, ideas, conscious consumerism may be contributing to declines in
practices, values and social norms that support positive child labor. 48
change.44 Children and adolescents are using social media While there are important concerns about the social,
to amplify their voices and seek solutions to problems political and economic fallout from the spread of digital
affecting them and their communities.45 activities – for example, misuse of social media that
There is some evidence that social media has had a encourages violence, bullying and suicide – most experts
positive impact on global development.46 It has been used believe the good outweighs the bad.49,50
to support greater engagement in health issues, promote
Putting those children who are furthest behind first is no • Increase investments in children – To achieve
easy task. It means collecting and reporting the data the SDGs and ensure that all children have access
necessary to identify those children furthest behind, and to quality basic services, including protection and
then developing strategies and allocating resources to social protection services, governments (including
improve their health and education outcomes, protect donor nations) need to raise the necessary resources.
them from violence and forced labor, and empower all Governments must ensure these resources reach
of them, especially girls, to reach their full potential. excluded children in keeping with the focus on public
This year countries have the opportunity to renew their investment in children outlined by the UN Committee
commitment to achieving the SDGs. In July, national on the Rights of the Child. Improved public investment
representatives will gather for the annual High-Level to assist excluded children must include the removal
Political Forum to review a subset of the SDGs, including of cost barriers to services as well as measures to
three goals critical to children’s progress – providing ensure minimum financial security for all children
access to quality education (SDG 4), reducing inequality through child-sensitive social protection. Children who
(SDG 10) and promoting peaceful societies (SDG16). Later, are furthest behind must be identified and prioritized
in September, under the auspices of the United Nations in terms of investments, service provision and
General Assembly, world leaders will gather to report on decision making.
where countries stand in achieving the SDGs by 2030 in a
gathering now being referred to as the SDG Summit. The • Take action to ensure all children are treated
summit represents the first heads-of-state level meeting on equally – This includes ending discriminatory policies,
the SDGs since they were adopted in 2015 and provides an norms and behaviors such as preventing girls from
opportunity for national leaders to reinvigorate their accessing health services or denying education to a
commitment and identify ways to accelerate progress. child because of their ethnicity or gender. To facilitate
This year, the United Nations marks the 30 th children accessing quality services, governments
anniversary of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. must also put in place systems to register every child
Save the Children believes that the SDGs are a necessary at birth.
and critical step toward respecting and supporting
children’s rights – especially those of girls – including their • Count and include all children, regardless of who
rights to health, education, and protection. The SDGs are they are or where they are from – Governments
also important in helping children become equal and active need to ensure that all children, especially excluded
members of society. children, are counted in data that are used to measure
progress on the SDGs. Data should be collected and
disaggregated by age, economic group, gender, sex,
WHAT WE MUST GUARANTEE race, ethnicity and geography or migratory status,
FOR ALL CHILDREN and be reported publicly in accessible formats. In
addition, excluded children – girls and boys – should
As countries review progress towards the SDGs, Save the
participate in policy making and budgeting, and be
Children calls on policy makers to make three critical
supported to monitor progress and hold governments
guarantees to ensure children are a priority in their
to account.
specific plans:
• Make current investments in nutrition more targeted 3. Increase resources to end pneumonia deaths
and effective through better tracking, analysis and among children
reporting, ensuring they are age- and gender- While other major causes of child deaths such as diarrhea
responsive, and by building strong accountability and malaria have fallen, pneumonia remains the largest
mechanisms to ensure investments reach those that infectious killer of children under the age of 5. To achieve
are most vulnerable and in need. the goal of ending preventable child deaths by 2030, world
• Develop targets (for those countries and donor leaders must increase their attention to pneumonia and
governments without targets) to demonstrate take concrete steps to prevent and treat it.
progress toward meeting the globally agreed upon
World Health Assembly nutrition targets. Specifically, Save the Children calls for:
• Ensure that governments incorporate the World • High-burden countries to develop pneumonia action
Health Organization’s International Code of plans that can be integrated into plans to achieve
Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes and distributors UHC
of breast milk substitutes publicly commit to • Stakeholders to improve case management of
upholding the Code and its subsequent resolutions. pneumonia by strengthening health systems
Governments should agree to meet targets set to
achieve full compliance and to integrate subsequent • Stakeholders to aim to achieve universal immunization
resolutions fully into their laws and regulations. by ensuring that the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
(PCV) is available, accessible and affordable.
Steps to ensure all children have access to • Provide sufficient, gender-responsive and more
quality learning and improved learning equitable allocation of public resources to deliver
outcomes: safe, inclusive and equitable quality education, with
Sustainable Development Goal 4 is the commitment to a focus on those left behind.
ensure inclusive and equitable quality education for all. • Ensure that donor governments commit to supporting
To achieve this goal, world leaders, donors and other countries to mobilize domestic resources to increase
stakeholders must commit to the following: investment in education.
• Create national plans to ensure that all girls and • Advocate for G20 leaders to commit to bring
boys complete free, equitable, safe and quality basic reforms in the global tax system that will enable
education leading to relevant and effective learning countries to expand their tax base to increase
outcomes, including literacy, numeracy and social- domestic budget.
emotional skills.
Few children missing out on childhood * Most of the available data for these countries predate escalations of
Some children missing out on childhood violence and do not reflect the harsh realities for children in these settings.
Many children missing out on childhood Coloring reflects the extent to which children are missing out on childhood.
Most children missing out on childhood For details, see Methodology and Research Notes in the full report.
Nearly all children missing out on childhood
Few children missing out on childhood * Most of the available data for these
Some children missing out on childhood countries predate escalations of
Many children missing out on childhood violence and do not reflect the harsh
realities for children in these settings.
Most children missing out on childhood
Nearly all children missing out Coloring reflects the extent to which
on childhood children are missing out on childhood.
For details, see Methodology and
Research Notes in the full report.
Few children missing out on childhood** Index scores reflect the average level of performance across a set of eight indicators related to child health, education, labor,
Some children missing out on childhood marriage, childbirth and violence. The only reason a country was not included in this analysis was insufficient data (e.g., the
Many children missing out on childhood country was missing values for three or more indicators). To see the underlying dataset, including data gaps, turn to pages 50-53
in the full report. Performance bands reflect the extent to which children are missing out on childhood. For details, see
Most children missing out on childhood
Methodology and Research Notes in the full report.
∧ Score is up from last year
∨ Score is down from last year * Data collection in times of conflict is difficult and dangerous. Latest available data for conflict-affected countries often predate
escalations of violence and do not capture the harsh realities for children in these settings. In Syria and Yemen, for example, recent
evidence suggests rates of child labor and child marriage have risen. These trends are not reflected in the data or index ranking.
** Although relatively few children in these countries are missing out on childhood, the absolute number of children missing
out likely totals in the millions. This is especially true in more populous countries at the bottom of the performance band
(e.g., United States, Russia).
… Data are unavailable or outdated (i.e., pre-2005) ‡ Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States
+ Data refer to the most recent year available during the reference period ** Excludes China
a Estimate from recent MICS or DHS (pending reanalysis) * To include as many countries as possible in the rankings, school attendance data for
b Estimate does not include consensual unions these 20 countries were sourced from surveys because recent enrollment data were
c There is evidence of recruitment and use of children (e.g., as child soliders) not available
d Includes displaced populations from Serbia and Kosovo † Includes refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs), returnees
(refugees and IDPs) and others of concern to UNHCR
e Includes displaced populations of Tibetan origin
x Data refer to the most recent year available during the period 2005-2012
Note: For indicator definitions, primary and secondary data sources, prevalence
y Data differ from the standard definition (interpret with caution) thresholds and regional classifications, see Methodology and Research Notes in the
z Data are from the secondary source (interpret with caution) full report.
§ Includes Eastern and Southern Africa, West and Central Africa, Djibouti, Sudan
Report 2014 Ethiopia (2015) and Foreign Aid.” European Journal of Political Economy, Volume 41, 2016
11
Understanding Children’s Work Programme. Understanding Trends in Child
34
Girls Not Brides. 16 Activists Who Tackle Child Marriage Every Day. www.
Labour: A Joint ILO-UNICEF-The World Bank Report. (Rome: 2017) girlsnotbrides.org/16-activists-who-tackle-child-marriage-every-day/
Child Marriage in Bangladesh, a Randomized Control Trial. (2017) Digital Solutions’ Impact on Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. (2018)
ODI and Save the Children. Progress in Child Well-Being: Building on What
15 Challenges. (Florence: UNICEF Office of Research: 2013)
Works. (London: 2012) 39
WHO. eHealth and Innovation in Women’s and Children’s Health: A Baseline
Save the Children. A Fair Chance at Life: Why Equity Matters for Child
16 Review. (Geneva: 2014)
Mortality. (London: 2010) and UNICEF. Narrowing the Gaps to Meet the Goals. 40
ITU. Fast-Forward Progress: Leveraging Tech to Achieve the Global Goals.
(New York: 2010) (Geneva: 2017)
OECD. Official Development Assistance 2017 - Preliminary Data. www2.
17
Kenny, Charles. “Getting Better in Pictures.” Center for Global
41
compareyourcountry.org/oda?cr=20001&cr1=oecd&lg=en&page=1. Development. February 2011
Accessed 11 March 2019
GLOBAL CHILDHOOD
Photo: Save REPORT
the Children 29
Mexico
Save the Children believes every child deserves a future. Around
the world, we give children a healthy start in life, the opportunity
to learn and protection from harm. We do whatever it takes for
children – every day and in times of crisis – transforming their
lives and the future we share.