Error Continued..... : Department of Mathematics IIT Guwahati
Error Continued..... : Department of Mathematics IIT Guwahati
Error Continued..... : Department of Mathematics IIT Guwahati
Department of Mathematics
IIT Guwahati
Theorem
(On the relative roundoff error in adding) Let x0 , x1 , · · · , xn be positive
machine numbers in a computer whose unit roundoff error is η. Then the
relative roundoff error in computing
n
X
xi
i=0
4
roundoff error
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
t
| − 0.01610723 + 0.01610|
≈ 4.4 × 10−4 .
| − 0.01610723|
Nested arithmetic:
pm (x) = c0 +c1 x+· · ·+cn xn → pn (x) = (. . . ((cn xn +cn−1 )x+cn−2 )x.....)x+c0 .
Nested arithmetic:
pm (x) = c0 +c1 x+· · ·+cn xn → pn (x) = (. . . ((cn xn +cn−1 )x+cn−2 )x.....)x+c0 .
To compute ( 13 )15 .
To compute ( 13 )15 .
1 13 4
x0 = 1, x1 = ,··· xn = xn−1 − xn−2 .
3 3 3
Thus x15 = ( 31 )15 can be computed successively using the sequence
above.
To compute ( 13 )15 .
1 13 4
x0 = 1, x1 = ,··· xn = xn−1 − xn−2 .
3 3 3
Thus x15 = ( 31 )15 can be computed successively using the sequence
above.
If there is no roundoff error in the computer we will get the exact value of
x15 .
To compute ( 13 )15 .
1 13 4
x0 = 1, x1 = ,··· xn = xn−1 − xn−2 .
3 3 3
Thus x15 = ( 31 )15 can be computed successively using the sequence
above.
If there is no roundoff error in the computer we will get the exact value of
x15 .
What happens if there is roundoff error?