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    CHEM 2425. Chapter 28. Biomolecules - Nucleic Acids (Homework) W

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    This document contains a homework assignment on nucleic acids with 25 short answer questions. The questions cover topics like DNA and RNA structure including nucleotides, base pairing, replication, transcription, translation, and DNA sequencing techniques. Students are asked to identify structures, draw diagrams, define processes, deduce amino acid sequences from DNA/mRNA, and describe the differences between DNA/RNA nucleotides. The document provides detailed feedback and answers for each question.

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    CHEM 2425. Chapter 28. Biomolecules - Nucleic Acids (Homework) W

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    101 views15 pages
    This document contains a homework assignment on nucleic acids with 25 short answer questions. The questions cover topics like DNA and RNA structure including nucleotides, base pairing, replication, transcription, translation, and DNA sequencing techniques. Students are asked to identify structures, draw diagrams, define processes, deduce amino acid sequences from DNA/mRNA, and describe the differences between DNA/RNA nucleotides. The document provides detailed feedback and answers for each question.

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    This document contains a homework assignment on nucleic acids with 25 short answer questions. The questions cover topics like DNA and RNA structure including nucleotides, base pairing, replication, transcription, translation, and DNA sequencing techniques. Students are asked to identify structures, draw diagrams, define processes, deduce amino acid sequences from DNA/mRNA, and describe the differences between DNA/RNA nucleotides. The document provides detailed feedback and answers for each question.

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    101 views15 pages

    CHEM 2425. Chapter 28. Biomolecules - Nucleic Acids (Homework) W

    Uploaded by

    Phú Nguyễn
    This document contains a homework assignment on nucleic acids with 25 short answer questions. The questions cover topics like DNA and RNA structure including nucleotides, base pairing, replication, transcription, translation, and DNA sequencing techniques. Students are asked to identify structures, draw diagrams, define processes, deduce amino acid sequences from DNA/mRNA, and describe the differences between DNA/RNA nucleotides. The document provides detailed feedback and answers for each question.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 15

    CHEM 2425. Chapter 28.

    Biomolecules_Nucleic Acids (homework) W


    Short Answer

    Exhibit 28-1
    MATCH each of the following terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for
    each term and structures may be used more than once. Place the letter of the structure in the blank to the left
    of the corresponding term.

    A. Sanger dideoxy method B. GAUCGUAAA


    C. Watson-Crick D. translation
    E. F.

    G. transcription H. Maxam-Gilbert method


    I. AUGGCUGAG J. replication
    K. L.

    M. AGATCGCTC

    1. _____ a pyrimidine nucleoside

    2. _____ RNA base sequence with guanine at the 3' end.

    3. _____ uridine

    4. _____ a purine nucleoside

    5. _____ DNA sequencing method for the human genome

    6. _____ RNA base sequence complementary to the DNA base sequence which codes for LeuAlaPhe:

    1 CHEM 2425. Chapter 28. Biomolecules_Nucleic Acids (homework) W


    CTAGCATTT

    7. _____ 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate

    8. _____ process by which mRNA directs protein synthesis

    9. Describe, in general terms, the steps involved in the automated synthesis of the DNA sequence GCT.

    10. Draw and label the four DNA nucleosides.

    11. Draw and label a G-C base pair. Indicate all hydrogen bonds with a dashed line.

    12. Draw and label an A-T base pair. Indicate all hydrogen bonds with a dashed line.

    2 CHEM 2425. Chapter 28. Biomolecules_Nucleic Acids (homework) W


    13. Of the two sets of DNA base pairs, which would you expect to be stronger and why?

    14. Draw and label the four RNA nucleosides.

    15. Draw and label an A-U base pair. Indicate all hydrogen bonds with a dashed line.

    16. What is the primary structural difference between RNA nucleotides and DNA nucleotides?

    3 CHEM 2425. Chapter 28. Biomolecules_Nucleic Acids (homework) W


    17. Because of the structure of the RNA sugar-phosphate backbone, RNA is subject to base-promoted hydrolysis,
    as shown below. Suggest a mechanism for base-promoted RNA hydrolysis.

    18. While the Watson-Crick G-C and A-T base pairs are the most common, other non-standard base pairs are
    encountered. Draw and label a G-U base pair. Indicate all hydrogen bonds with a dashed line.

    4 CHEM 2425. Chapter 28. Biomolecules_Nucleic Acids (homework) W


    19. When DNA is replicated, the new chain is synthesized in what direction?

    20. Give a one sentence definition of replication.

    21. Give a one sentence definition of transcription.

    22. Give the single letter amino acid sequence that is coded for by the following segment of DNA coding
    strand (sense strand)?

    (5') GCA—TTT—CTA—ACT—TGA—GGG (3')

    23. Describe the difference between a 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphate and 2'-deoxyribonucleoside


    triphosphate.

    5 CHEM 2425. Chapter 28. Biomolecules_Nucleic Acids (homework) W


    24. Identify any errors in the figure shown below.

    25. Consider the following diagram.

    1.) Label the anticodon


    2.) Label the position of attachment of the amino acid

    6 CHEM 2425. Chapter 28. Biomolecules_Nucleic Acids (homework) W


    3.) Draw the structure of the amino acid that would be attached
    4.) Indicate the corresponding mRNA codon

    7 CHEM 2425. Chapter 28. Biomolecules_Nucleic Acids (homework) W


    CHEM 2425. Chapter 28. Biomolecules_Nucleic Acids (homework) W
    Answer Section
    SHORT ANSWER

    1. ANS:
    E

    PTS: 1
    2. ANS:
    I

    PTS: 1
    3. ANS:
    E

    PTS: 1
    4. ANS:
    L

    PTS: 1
    5. ANS:
    A

    PTS: 1
    6. ANS:
    B

    PTS: 1
    7. ANS:
    K

    PTS: 1
    8. ANS:
    D

    PTS: 1
    9. ANS:

    Step 1 Attachment of 5'-DMT-N-benzoyl-2'-deoxyaguanosine to the polymer support by a 3'


    ester linkage.
    Step 2 Deprotection of the 5'-hydroxyl by cleavage of the DMT ether with dichloroacetic acid in
    CH2CL2.
    Step 3 Phosphite formation between the free 5'-hydroxyl of the polymer-bound N-protected
    8 CHEM 2425. Chapter 28. Biomolecules_Nucleic Acids (homework) W
    2'-deoxyguanosine and the phosphoramidite protected 5'-DMT-2'-deoxycytidine in the
    presence of tetrazole followed by oxidation to the phosphate triester with I2.
    Step 4 Repeat step 2 to deprotect the 5'-hydroxyl of the polymerGC.
    Step 5 Repeat step 3 to form the phosphate triester between 5'-hydroxyl of 2'-deoxycytidine
    residue and phosphoramidite protected 5'-DMT-N-benzoyl-2'-deoxythymidine.
    Step 6 Cleave all protecting groups from the heterocyclic bases from the phosphates, as well as
    cleave the ester bond holding the DNA to the silica by treatment with aqueous ammonia.

    PTS: 1
    10. ANS:

    PTS: 1
    11. ANS:

    9 CHEM 2425. Chapter 28. Biomolecules_Nucleic Acids (homework) W


    PTS: 1
    12. ANS:

    PTS: 1
    13. ANS:
    The G-C base pair is the stronger of the two as it has three hydrogen bonds whereas the A-T base pair has
    only two.

    PTS: 1
    14. ANS:

    10 CHEM 2425. Chapter 28. Biomolecules_Nucleic Acids (homework) W


    PTS: 1
    15. ANS:

    PTS: 1
    16. ANS:

    11 CHEM 2425. Chapter 28. Biomolecules_Nucleic Acids (homework) W


    As their names suggest, RNA bases are attached to ribose sugars while DNA bases are attached to
    deoxyribose sugars. The difference is a lack of the 2' hydroxyl group in the sugar backbone of the DNA
    nucleotides.

    PTS: 1
    17. ANS:

    PTS: 1
    18. ANS:

    12 CHEM 2425. Chapter 28. Biomolecules_Nucleic Acids (homework) W


    PTS: 1
    19. ANS:
    As DNA is replicated, the new chain is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction.

    PTS: 1
    20. ANS:
    Replication is the process by which identical copies of DNA are made.

    PTS: 1
    21. ANS:
    Transcription is the process by which genetic messages are read and carried out of the cell to ribosomes,
    where protein synthesis occurs.

    PTS: 1
    22. ANS:

    The mRNA strand is: (Remembering U replaces T in RNA.)

    (5') GCA—UUU—CUA—ACU—UGA—GGG (3')

    The amino acid squence is: (UGA is a stop codon.)

    Three-letter code:

    Ala—Phe—Leu—Thr

    One-letter code (See Table 26.1.)

    A—F—L—T

    PTS: 1
    23. ANS:

    13 CHEM 2425. Chapter 28. Biomolecules_Nucleic Acids (homework) W


    A 2'-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate is one in which the 2' OH group is missing from ribose. A
    2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphate is one in which both 2' and 3' OH groups are missing from ribose.
    In DNA sequencing the significance of this removal is that DNA replication stops at this nucleotide since the
    3’ —OH needed for the continued addition of nucleotides.

    PTS: 1
    24. ANS:
    Two errors:
    1.) In the left lower nucleotide, the base is indicated as U (uracil) which only appears in RNA.
    2.) In the left upper nucleotide, the sugar is ribose which only occurs in RNA.

    PTS: 1
    25. ANS:

    Amino acid: Valine

    14 CHEM 2425. Chapter 28. Biomolecules_Nucleic Acids (homework) W


    mRNA codon: GUA

    PTS: 1

    15 CHEM 2425. Chapter 28. Biomolecules_Nucleic Acids (homework) W

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