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    Filipino Grievances

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    eman
    Filipinos demanded independence from American colonial rule since 1898. Instead of refusing, American officials appointed Filipinos to government positions to pacify them while not committing to independence. Through the early 1900s, more Filipinos gained high-level roles, showing they were ready to govern themselves. However, after Republicans gained power in 1920, a commission's unfavorable report and new Governor General Leonard Wood's reforms weakened Filipino self-rule aspirations. This ultimately led to the 1923 Cabinet Crisis where top Filipino politicians resigned in protest of Wood's handling of a misconduct case.

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    Filipino Grievances

    Uploaded by

    eman
    165 views1 page
    Filipinos demanded independence from American colonial rule since 1898. Instead of refusing, American officials appointed Filipinos to government positions to pacify them while not committing to independence. Through the early 1900s, more Filipinos gained high-level roles, showing they were ready to govern themselves. However, after Republicans gained power in 1920, a commission's unfavorable report and new Governor General Leonard Wood's reforms weakened Filipino self-rule aspirations. This ultimately led to the 1923 Cabinet Crisis where top Filipino politicians resigned in protest of Wood's handling of a misconduct case.

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    filipino grievances

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    Filipinos demanded independence from American colonial rule since 1898. Instead of refusing, American officials appointed Filipinos to government positions to pacify them while not committing to independence. Through the early 1900s, more Filipinos gained high-level roles, showing they were ready to govern themselves. However, after Republicans gained power in 1920, a commission's unfavorable report and new Governor General Leonard Wood's reforms weakened Filipino self-rule aspirations. This ultimately led to the 1923 Cabinet Crisis where top Filipino politicians resigned in protest of Wood's handling of a misconduct case.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as txt, pdf, or txt
    165 views1 page

    Filipino Grievances

    Uploaded by

    eman
    Filipinos demanded independence from American colonial rule since 1898. Instead of refusing, American officials appointed Filipinos to government positions to pacify them while not committing to independence. Through the early 1900s, more Filipinos gained high-level roles, showing they were ready to govern themselves. However, after Republicans gained power in 1920, a commission's unfavorable report and new Governor General Leonard Wood's reforms weakened Filipino self-rule aspirations. This ultimately led to the 1923 Cabinet Crisis where top Filipino politicians resigned in protest of Wood's handling of a misconduct case.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as txt, pdf, or txt
    of 1

    From the time the Americans arrived in the Philippines in 1898, Filipinos

    persistently demanded to give them independence. American colonial officials did


    not say no to them because it would surely derail their effort to pacify them.
    Instead, they appointed Filipino politicians to key government positions hoping
    that by doing so they will forget their desire for independence. No specific date
    was given but for Quezon and other officials the written promise was already a
    significant achievement. They were further elated when the Retirement Act was
    passed in 1915 which offered attractive financial package to Americans who would
    voluntarily give up their positions in the Philippines. This paved the way for the
    Filipinization of the bureaucracy. Except for the position of governor general,
    vice governor, Secretary of Public Instruction and a few more sensitive positions,
    all other positions were offered to Filipinos. Local politicians were allowed to
    hold cabinet positions and top notch Filipino lawyers were appointed justices of
    the Supreme Court. Moreover, forty-five provinces and more than eight hundred
    municipalities were put under Filipino governors and mayors respectively. Quezon
    led the Senate and the House of Representatives elected Sergio Osmena as their
    speaker. While holding key positions in the government, Filipinos tried to prove to
    the Americans that they are now competent and ready to manage their own affairs.
    The defeat of the Democrats in the 1920 presidential election had devastating
    effects on the aspiration of the Filipinos to be given independence. The team
    conducted an exhaustive investigation and visited 48 provinces and 449
    municipalities. The report they submitted was not favorable to the cause of the
    Filipino politicians. It singled out particularly the anomalous transactions in the
    administration of public lands and the banking malpractices that resulted to the
    bankruptcy of the Philippine National Bank . After Leonard Wood retired from the
    U.S. Army in 1921, President Harding appointed him Governor General of the
    Philippines. On top of these, he strengthened the powers and jurisdiction of the
    governor general which were significantly reduced during the Harrison era. Wood�s
    reforms and his reassertion of American sovereignty did not sit well with Quezon
    and other Filipino politicians. As years went on the situation went from bad to
    worse and ultimately catapulted in the Cabinet Crisis of 1923. The case was
    spearheaded by Mr. Almario, the secretary of the City Mayor, who presented a faked
    telephone conversation between Conley and some gamblers. When Manila Mayor Ramon
    Fernandez referred the case to Gov. Wood, the latter advised the mayor to bring the
    case in court. Instead of granting their request, Wood created a board composed on
    the Civil Service Director, the undersecretary of Justice and an American Colonel
    of the Constabulary. The board found Conley not guilty and recommended his
    reinstatement. Wood personally believes that Conley is innocent and the charges
    against him were just fabrications of influential and well connected personalities
    who were affected by this anti-gambling campaign. After he was acquitted, Conley
    resigned and Wood accepted it. Wood found him innocent of bribery but he found him
    is guilty of keeping a mistress and for making false statements. The decision put
    them in bad light because it implied that the case they filed against Conley was
    weak. As a counter measure, they explained to the people that Conley was acquitted
    not because he was innocent but because he was an American. Fernandez and Laurel
    tendered their resignation and Senate President Quezon and Speaker Manuel Roxas
    also resigned as members of the Council of State in support of Laurel and in
    protest of Wood's handling of the Conley case. His gesture was not reciprocated and
    this prompted him to accept their resignation and replace them with their deputies.
    At the height of the crisis, various accusations were raised against Wood.

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