Procedural Oriented Programming

Object Oriented Concepts (17CS42)
Procedural oriented programming (POP):-
A program in a procedural language is a list of instruction where each statement tells the
computer to do something. It focuses on procedure (function) & algorithm is needed to
perform the derived computation.
When program become larger, it is divided into function & each function has clearly defined
purpose. Dividing the program into functions & module is one of the cornerstones of
structured programming.
E.g.:- c, basic, FORTRAN.
Characteristics of Procedural oriented programming:-
 It focuses on process rather than data.

 It takes a problem as a sequence of things to be done such as reading, calculating and
printing. Hence, a number of functions are written to solve a problem.
 A program is divided into a number of functions and each function has clearly defined
purpose.
 Most of the functions share global data.
 Data moves openly around the system from function to function.
Drawback of Procedural oriented programming (structured programming):-
 It emphasis on doing things. Data is given a second class status even through data is
the reason for the existence of the program.
 Since every function has complete access to the global variables, the new programmer
can corrupt the data accidentally by creating function. Similarly, if new data is to be
added, all the function needed to be modified to access the data.
 It is often difficult to design because the components function and data structure do
not model the real world.
To overcome the limitation of Procedural oriented programming languages Object oriented

programming languages were developed.
Dept. of CSE, GCEM, Bangalore.

Object oriented programming:
The main idea behind object oriented approach is to combine process (function) and data into
a unit called an object. Hence, it focuses on objects rather than procedure.
Characteristics of Object Oriented Programming :
 Objects:-
Any physical or logical units having specific characteristics which match to the real word are
called as object.
Object oriented approach views a problem in terms of objects rather than procedure for doing
it.
Objects can be classified below:-
 Physical objects
 Elements of the computer user environment
 Collection of data
 User defined data types
 Components in computer games
 Class:-
A class is a collection of similar objects. E.g. ram, sita, hari are the member of class student.
 Inheritance:-
Inheritance is the capability of one class to inherit the properties from another class. The child
or derived class inherits the characteristics of base or parent class. The child class not only
inherits the properties from the base but also have some additional property of its own.
The original class is called bas class and the classes which share its characteristics are called
derived class.
Importance of inheritance in Object Oriented Programming :-
In Object Oriented Programming , the concept of inheritance provides an important extension

to the idea of re usability. A programmer can take an existing class and without modifying it,

add additional features and capabilities to it. This is done by deriving a new class from the
existing one. The new class will inherit the capabilities of the old one but also have some
additional features of its own.
 Polymorphism:-
The word polymorphism is derived from Greek word polymorphism where poly means many
and morph means form.
Polymorphism means the ability to take more than one form. It allows different objects to
respond to the same message in different ways. It is the ability for a message or data to be
processed in more than one form. The same operation is performed differently depending
upon the data type it is working upon.
E.g. Consider the operation of addition for two numbers; the operation will generate a sum. If
the operands are strings, then the operation would produce a third string by concatenation.
Overloading is a kind of polymorphism. It is also an important feature of Object Oriented
Programming .
 Encapsulation:-
It is the way of wrapping both data and functions under a single unit called class. This
prevents the data from accidental alternations. It means that data is hidden so that it can’t be
accessed mistakenly by functions outside the class.
Features / advantages of Object Oriented Programming :-
 It emphasis in own data rather than procedure.

 It is based on the principles of inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation and data
abstraction.
 It implements programs using the objects.
 Data and the functions are wrapped into a single unit called class so that data is
hidden and is safe from accidental alternation.
 Objects communicate with each other through functions.
 New data and functions can be easily added whenever necessary.

Procedural Oriented Programming

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Procedural Oriented Programming

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Object Oriented Concepts (17CS42)

Procedural oriented programming (POP):-

E.g.:- c, basic, FORTRAN.

Characteristics of Procedural oriented programming:-

 It focuses on process rather than data.

Drawback of Procedural oriented programming (structured programming):-

To overcome the limitation of Procedural oriented programming languages Object oriented

Dept. of CSE, GCEM, Bangalore.

Object oriented programming:

Characteristics of Object Oriented Programming :

Objects can be classified below:-

Importance of inheritance in Object Oriented Programming :-

In Object Oriented Programming , the concept of inheritance provides an important extension

Dept. of CSE, GCEM, Bangalore.

Features / advantages of Object Oriented Programming :-

 It emphasis in own data rather than procedure.

Dept. of CSE, GCEM, Bangalore.

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