RBI Circular - TAT and Compensation - Failed Transactions

RBI/2019-20/67
DPSS.CO.PD No.629/02.01.014/2019-20 September 20, 2019
All Operators and Participants of Authorised Payment Systems
Madam / Dear Sir,
Harmonisation of Turn Around Time (TAT) and customer compensation for

failed transactions using authorised Payment Systems
Please refer to the Statement on Developmental and Regulatory policies issued

as part of Monetary Policy statement dated April 4, 2019 wherein it was proposed
that the Reserve Bank would put in place a framework on Turn Around Time
(TAT) for resolution of customer complaints and compensation framework across
all authorised payment systems.
2. It has been observed that a large number of customer complaints emanate on

account of unsuccessful or ‘failed’ transactions. Failure could be on account of
various factors not directly attributable to the customer such as disruption of
communication links, non-availability of cash in ATMs, time-out of sessions, non-
credit to beneficiary’s account due to various causes, etc. Rectification /
Compensation paid to the customer for these ‘failed’ transactions is not uniform.
3. After consultation with various stakeholders, the framework for TAT for failed
transactions and compensation therefor has been finalised which will result in
customer confidence and bring in uniformity in processing of the failed
transactions. The same is enclosed as Annex to this circular.
भुगतान और िनपटान �णाली िवभाग, क� �ीय कायार्लय, 14 वी मंिजल, क� �ीय कायार्लय भवन,शहीद भगत �सह मागर्, फोटर्, मुम्बई - 400001
फोनTel: (91-22) 2264 4995; फै क् सFax: (91-22) 22691557; ई-मेलe-mail : [email protected]
Department of Payment and Settlement Systems, Central Office, 14th Floor, Central Office Building, Shahid Bhagat Singh Marg, Fort, Mumbai - 400001
4. It may be noted that :
• the prescribed TAT is the outer limit for resolution of failed transactions;
and
• the banks and other operators / system participants shall endeavour
towards quicker resolution of such failed transactions.
5. Wherever financial compensation is involved, the same shall be effected to the

customer’s account suo moto, without waiting for a complaint or claim from the
customer.
6. Customers who do not get the benefit of redress of the failure as defined in the
TAT, can register a complaint to the Banking Ombudsman of Reserve Bank of
India.
7. This directive is issued under Section 10(2) read with Section 18 of the
Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007 (Act 51 of 2007) and shall come into
effect from October 15, 2019.
Yours faithfully
(P. Vasudevan)
Chief General Manager
Encl. : As above
Annex
(Annex to Circular DPSS.CO.PD No.629/02.01.014/2019-20 dated September 20, 2019)

General Instructions covering the TAT :
1. The principle behind the TAT is based on the following :

a. If the transaction is a ‘credit-push’ funds transfer and the beneficiary account
is not credited while the debit to originator has been effected, then credit is to
be effected within the prescribed time period failing which the penalty has to
be paid to the beneficiary;
b. If there is delay in initiation of a transaction at the originator bank’s end
beyond the TAT, then penalty has to be paid to the originator.
2. A ‘failed transaction’ is a transaction which has not been fully completed due to
any reason not attributable to the customer such as failure in communication
links, non-availability of cash in an ATM, time-out of sessions, etc. Failed
transactions shall also include the credits which could not be effected to the
beneficiary account on account of lack of full information or lack of proper
information and delay in initiating a reversal transaction.
3. Terms like, Acquirer, Beneficiary, Issuer, Remitter, etc., have meanings as per
common banking parlance.
4. T is the day of transaction and refers to the calendar date.
5. R is the day on which the reversal is concluded and the funds are received by
the issuer / originator. Reversal should be effected at the issuer / originator
end on the same day when the funds are received from the beneficiary end.
6. The term bank includes non-banks also and applies to them wherever they are
authorised to operate.
7. Domestic transactions i.e., those where both the originator and beneficiary are
within India are covered under this framework.
Sl. Description of the incident Framework for auto-reversal and compensation

no. Timeline for auto-reversal Compensation
payable
I II III IV
1 Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) including Micro-ATMs
a Customer’s account debited but Pro-active reversal (R) of failed ₹ 100/- per day of
cash not dispensed. transaction within a maximum delay beyond T + 5
of T + 5 days. days, to the credit of
the account holder.
2 Card Transaction
a Card to card transfer Transaction to be reversed (R) ₹ 100/- per day of
latest within T + 1 day, if credit delay beyond T + 1
Card account debited but the is not effected to the day.
beneficiary card account not beneficiary account.
credited.
b Point of Sale (PoS) (Card Present) Auto-reversal within T + 5 ₹ 100/- per day of
including Cash at PoS days. delay beyond T + 5
days.
Account debited but confirmation
not received at merchant location
i.e., charge-slip not generated.
c Card Not Present (CNP) (e-

commerce)
Account debited but confirmation

not received at merchant’s system.
3 Immediate Payment System (IMPS)

a Account debited but the beneficiary If unable to credit to ₹100/- per day if delay
account is not credited. beneficiary account, auto is beyond T + 1 day.
reversal (R) by the Beneficiary
bank latest on T + 1 day.
4 Unified Payments Interface (UPI)

a Account debited but the beneficiary If unable to credit the ₹100/- per day if delay
account is not credited (transfer of beneficiary account, auto is beyond T + 1 day.
funds). reversal (R) by the Beneficiary
bank latest on T + 1 day.
b Account debited but transaction Auto-reversal within T + 5 ₹100/- per day if delay
confirmation not received at days. is beyond T + 5 days.
merchant location (payment to
merchant).
Sl. Description of the incident Framework for auto-reversal and compensation
no. Timeline for auto-reversal Compensation
payable
I II III IV
5 Aadhaar Enabled Payment System (including Aadhaar Pay)
a Account debited but transaction Acquirer to initiate “Credit ₹100/- per day if delay
confirmation not received at Adjustment” within T + 5 days. is beyond T + 5 days.
merchant location.
b Account debited but beneficiary

account not credited.
6 Aadhaar Payment Bridge System (APBS)

a Delay in crediting beneficiary’s Beneficiary bank to reverse the ₹100/- per day if delay
account. transaction within T + 1 day. is beyond T + 1 day.
7 National Automated Clearing House (NACH)

a Delay in crediting beneficiary’s Beneficiary bank to reverse the ₹100/- per day if delay
account or reversal of amount. uncredited transaction within T is beyond T + 1 day.
+ 1 day.
b Account debited despite revocation Customer’s bank will be

of debit mandate with the bank by responsible for such debit.
the customer. Resolution to be completed
within T + 1 day.
8 Prepaid Payment Instruments (PPIs) – Cards / Wallets

a Off-Us transaction
The transaction will ride on UPI, card network, IMPS, etc., as the case may be. The TAT and
compensation rule of respective system shall apply.
b On-Us transaction Reversal effected in Remitter’s ₹100/- per day if delay

account within T + 1 day. is beyond T + 1 day.
Beneficiary’s PPI not credited.
PPI debited but transaction

confirmation not received at
merchant location.

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RBI/2019-20/67

DPSS.CO.PD No.629/02.01.014/2019-20 September 20, 2019

All Operators and Participants of Authorised Payment Systems

Madam / Dear Sir,

Harmonisation of Turn Around Time (TAT) and customer compensation for

Please refer to the Statement on Developmental and Regulatory policies issued

2. It has been observed that a large number of customer complaints emanate on

5. Wherever financial compensation is involved, the same shall be effected to the

Harmonisation of Turn Around Time (TAT) and customer compensation for

General Instructions covering the TAT :

1. The principle behind the TAT is based on the following :

4. T is the day of transaction and refers to the calendar date.

Sl. Description of the incident Framework for auto-reversal and compensation

c Card Not Present (CNP) (e-

Account debited but confirmation

3 Immediate Payment System (IMPS)

4 Unified Payments Interface (UPI)

b Account debited but beneficiary

6 Aadhaar Payment Bridge System (APBS)

7 National Automated Clearing House (NACH)

b Account debited despite revocation Customer’s bank will be

8 Prepaid Payment Instruments (PPIs) – Cards / Wallets

b On-Us transaction Reversal effected in Remitter’s ₹100/- per day if delay

PPI debited but transaction

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