I.

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

II. EARTHWORKS

EXCAVATION WORKS
TO BE EXCAVATED No. of
VOLUME
MARK L (Length) W (Width) H (Height) Similar
Structures
(m³)
in Meter in Meter in Meter
F-1 1.50 1.50 2.00 11.00 49.50
F-2 1.50 1.00 2.00 6.00 18.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
TOTAL = 67.50 m³

NOTE: Allowance for Wastages in Estimating Materials in Concrete

5.00% for formed Concrete members
10.00% for members without forms

INPUT OF DIMENSIONS FOR CONCRETE

DIMENSIONS FROM PLAN No. of ADJUSTED
VOLUME
MARK L (Length) W (Width) H (Height) Similar VOLUME
Structures
(m³)
in Meter in Meter in Meter (m³)
F-1 1.50 1.50 0.30 11.00 7.43 8.17
F-2 1.50 1.00 0.30 6.00 2.70 2.97
C-1 0.40 0.40 10.00 11.00 17.60 19.36
C-2 0.30 0.30 10.00 6.00 5.40 5.67
B-1 5.50 0.20 0.35 30.00 11.55 12.13
B-2 6.10 0.20 0.35 4.00 1.71 1.79
AREA (m²)
SOF-1 522.00 0.20 1.00 104.40 109.62
S-2 347.00 0.15 1.00 52.05 54.65
STAIR 24.00 2.00 1.00 48.00 50.40
STAGE 30.00 1.20 1.00 36.00 37.80

TOTAL = 302.57 m³
 NOTE: Use Shrinkage factor of 15.00%

BACKFILL/COMPACTION
TO BE EXCAVATED No. of ADJUSTED
VOLUME
MARK L (Length) W (Width) H (Height) Similar VOLUME
Structures
(m³)
in Meter in Meter in Meter (m³)
SOF-1 26.10 20.00 0.20 1.00 104.40 120.06

VOLUME
EXCAVATED - VOLUME OF
CONCRETE =
F-1 49.50 7.43 42.08 48.39
F-2 18.00 2.70 15.30 17.60

TOTAL = 186.05 m³

GRAVEL BEDDING
BEFORE POURING OF CONCRETE No. of
VOLUME
MARK L (Length) W (Width) H (Height) Similar
Structures
(m³)
in Meter in Meter in Meter
F-1 1.50 1.50 0.10 11.00 2.48
F-2 1.50 1.00 0.10 6.00 0.90

0.00
0.00
0.00
TOTAL = 3.38 m³

III. CONCRETING

CONCRETE PROPORTION
CLASS MIXTURE CEMENT SAND GRAVEL
AA 1:1 1/2:3 12 0.50 1.00
A 1:2.0:4.0 9 0.50 1.00 USE THIS
B 1:2 1/2:5 7.5 0.50 1.00
C 1:3.0:6.0 6 0.50 1.00

NOTE: One(1) cement Bag is to 6 gallons of water

ADJUSTED CEMENT
SAND GRAVEL WATER in
MARK VOLUME BAGS
(m³) (m³) Gallons
(m³) (40Kg.)
F-1 8.17 74.00 4.09 8.17 444.00
F-2 2.97 27.00 1.49 2.97 162.00
C-1 19.36 175.00 9.68 19.36 1,050.00
C-2 5.67 52.00 2.84 5.67 312.00
 B-1 12.13 110.00 6.07 12.13 660.00
B-2 1.79 17.00 0.90 1.80 102.00

SOF-1 109.62 987.00 54.81 109.62 5,922.00

S-2 54.65 492.00 27.33 54.66 2,952.00
STAIR 50.40 454.00 25.20 50.40 2,724.00
STAGE 37.80 341.00 18.90 37.80 2,046.00

TOTAL = 2,729.00 152.00 303.00 16,374.00

IV. REBARS

BAR COMMERCIAL LENGTH FACTOR Kg/comme

SIZE 6.0 m 7.5 m 9.0 m 10.5 m 12.0 m rcial L
10 3.70 4.63 5.55 6.48 7.40 Kg
12 5.33 6.66 8.00 9.33 10.66 Kg
16 9.48 11.85 14.22 16.58 18.95 Kg
20 14.81 18.51 22.21 25.91 29.62 Kg
25 23.14 28.92 34.71 40.49 46.28 Kg

NOTE: weight= ز x 0.00617 x Length

mm. m.

FOUNDATION
# 16 G.I.
BAR BAR LENGTH No. OF COMMERCIAL TIE
AR

MARK Kg.
IL

LOCATION SIZE (m) BARS LENGTH (PCS.) WIRE

M
SI

6.0 m (Kg)
11.00 F-1 Top 20.00 1.50 10.00 28.00 414.68 0.94
bottom 20.00 1.50 10.00 28.00 414.68 0.94
6.00 F-2 Top 20.00 1.50 10.00 28.00 414.68 0.51
bottom 20.00 1.50 10.00 28.00 414.68 0.51
WALL FOOTING 1,658.72

# 16 G.I.
No. of COMMERCIAL
COLUMN HEIGHT END HOOK Vertical Bars No. Of Ties LENGTH (PCS.) Kg. TIE WIRE
(Kg)
11.00 C-1 16.00 mm 10.00 0.50 8.00 154.00 1,459.92
W L P (mm) 5.00
11.00 Dimension 10.00 mm 0.40 0.40 1.50 55.00 152.00 562.40 41.09

6.00 C-2 16.00 mm 10.00 0.50 8.00 84.00 796.32

W L P (mm) 5.00
6.00 Dimension 10.00 mm 0.40 0.40 1.50 55.00 83.00 307.10 22.42

# 16 G.I.
No. of COMMERCIAL
BEAM HEIGHT END HOOK
Vertical Bars
No. Of Ties LENGTH (PCS.) Kg. TIE WIRE
(Kg)

30.00 B-1 16.00 mm 5.50 0.50 6.00 180.00 1,706.40

W L P (mm) 5.00
30.00 Dimension 10.00 mm 0.20 0.35 1.00 29.00 170.00 629.00 29.55
4.00 B-2 16.00 mm 6.10 0.50 6.00 27.00 255.96
W L P (mm) 5.00
4.00 Dimension 10.00 mm 0.20 0.35 1.00 32.00 25.00 92.50 4.35

# 16 G.I.
FACTOR FACTOR
BAR COMMERCIAL TIE
SLAB ON FILL
SIZE
FOR AREA FOR TIE LENGTH (PCS.) Kg. WIRE
REBARS WIRE
(Kg)
SOF-1 10.00mm 8.00 522.00 16.00 696.00 2,575.20 47.28
S-2 TOP 10.00mm 16.00 347.00 64.00 926.00 3,426.20 125.71
BOTTOM 12.00mm 16.00 347.00 64.00 926.00 4,935.58 125.71

STAIRS

STAIR 12.00mm 25.00 24.00 144.00 100.00 533.00 19.56

STAGE 10.00mm 12.00 30.00 36.00 60.00 222.00 6.11

424.67

V. FORMWORKS
23.04
 STAGING
flooring
lumber column Bd.Ft. per Meter Ht. Beam Bd. Ft./ M ht.
bd.ft/m
size vert. hor. brace vert. hor. ht
2" X 2" 4.67 21.00 11.67 4.00 4.67 6.10
2" X 3" 7.00 31.67 17.50 6.00 7.00 9.10
2" X 4" 9.33 42.22 23.33 8.00 9.33 12.10
DESIGN ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED STONE MASONRY
FOR A TOTAL HEIGHT, H = 6m

DESIGN CODES & REFERENCES

a) 2007 AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges
b) 2010 NSCP Code
c) 1987 National Structural Code of the Philippines, Vol. II (Bridges)
d) Rice, P.F., and Hoffman, E.S. (1979) Structural Design Guide to the ACI Building Code, 2d. Ed. New York:
Van Nostrand Reinhold

DIMENSIONS:
Height of Stone Masonry H = 6.00 m = Height of Active Pressure
Bottom width of stone masonry B = 2.25 m
Base thickness of stone masonry h1 = 1.50 m
Height of passive soil pressure h = 1.75 m

Stone Masonry Schematic Diagram :

b
0.6 m

Surcharge
h' = 0.49 m

W3

W1
H

ϑ
PA
W2
2.2 m

PP
h

h1

YP

x1
x2
x3

xv
Rv
B

Design Parameters
wsm = Unit weight of Stone Masonry = 26.75 kN/m³

S = Surcharge due to live load = 9.81 kN/m2

Ws = Unit weight of soil = 20.0 kN/m³

Ø = Angle of friction of soil = 40°
μ = Coefficient of friction b/n conc. footing and soil = 0.55
ϑ = Slope of outside wall = 24.0°
B = Bottom width of stone masonry = 2.25 m
b = Top width of stone masonry = 0.50 m
h1 = Bottom thickness of stone masonry = 1.50 m
H = Height of active soil pressure = 6.00 m
h = Height of passive soil pressure = 2.00 m
h' = Height equivalent of surcharge = 0.49 m
 bw = Considered strip of Masonry = 1.00 m

SOIL PRESSURES :

Static Active Earth Pressure

PA = 1/2 Cahws(H+h')2bw PA = 91.59 kN

1-sinØ
Cah = Cah = 0.22
1+sinØ

Static Passive Earth Pressure

PP = 1/2 Cphwsh2bw PP = 183.96 kN

1+sinØ
Cph = Cph = 4.60
1-sinØ

Loading and Lever arm Computations :

W1 = 1/2(B-b)(H-h1)(bw)(wsm) = 105.33 kN x1 = 2/3(B-b) = 1.17 m

W2 == (B)(h1)(bw)(wsm) = 90.28 kN x2 = 1/2(B) = 1.13 m
W3 = (b)(H)(bw)(wsm) = 61.53 kN x3 = B-b+1/2(b) = 2.00 m
PA = 1/2 Cahws(H+h') bw 2
= 91.59 kN yA = 1/3(H+h') = 2.16 m
PP = 1/2 Cphwsh2bw = 183.96 kN yP = 1/3(h) = 0.67 m

A) CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY μ*Σ(Righting forces) μ*Σ(W1+W2+W3+Pp)

= =
AGAINST SLIDING: Σ(PA)
Σ(Sliding forces)

= 2.65 . . . . . O.K.! ! ! . . . SAFE

B) CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY

AGAINST OVERTURNING:
ΣForces acting at Footing, Resultant Force = Rv = W1+W2+W3 = 257.14 kN

Location of Resultant Force, Rv from Toe = Righting Moment - Overturning Moment

Resultant Force

Xv = 470.15 kN - 198.13 kN = 1.06 m

257.14 kN

Stability for overturning is conditioned by that the acting point of the Resultant Force, Rv must be within
the central one-third portion of the bottom width, B.

B 2B , B = 0.75 m , 2B = 1.50 m
≤ Xv ≤
3 3 3 3
…SAFE FOR OVERTURNING, Rv WITHIN THE
REMARKS
MIDDLE THIRD…

C) CHECK BEARING CAPACITY OF FOUNDATION

 C.1) Actual Soil Bearing Pressure on underlying Foundation

Soil Pressure, Rv + 6e where e = B/2-Xv, e= 0.06 m

= 1
q B - B

257.14 6 x 0.06
q max. = 1 + = 132.57 kN/m2
2.25 2.25

257.14 6 x 0.06
q min. = 1 - = 96 kN/m2
2.25 2.25

C.2) Allowable Bearing Capacity of Ground

2
C = qu/2 C = 1 0.10 + 0.15 *N . 100 . kN
2 102 m2

2
@ 1 m from top of borehole
qu = 1 0.10 + 0.15 *N . 100 . kN ,N#
=## (from borehole log graph)
qa =
F.S. 2 102 m 2

This shall be used if relevant data obtained from

qa = 301 kPa investigation is available.

ResultSBP_allowa"OK" ifqa ≥ qmax

"CHECK" otherwise

ResultSBP_allowable =!!! O.K. SAFE !!!

Pressumed Allowable Bearing This is used as an assumption in the absenc

Capacity (Stiff Clay, Compact Sand), = 300 kN/m2
kPa of soil investigation.

REMARKS …OK, SAFE…!!!

0.49 m
e, Rv must be within
log graph)

nt data obtained from soil

sumption in the absence

DESIGN ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED STONE MASONRY
FOR A TOTAL HEIGHT, H = 4m

DESIGN CODES & REFERENCES

a) 2007 AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges
b) 2010 NSCP Code
c) 1987 National Structural Code of the Philippines, Vol. II (Bridges)
d) Rice, P.F., and Hoffman, E.S. (1979) Structural Design Guide to the ACI Building Code, 2d. Ed. New York:
Van Nostrand Reinhold

DIMENSIONS:
Height of Stone Masonry H = 4.00 m = Height of Active Pressure
Bottom width of stone masonry B = 1.60 m
Base thickness of stone masonry h1 = 0.60 m
Height of passive soil pressure h = 1.00 m

Stone Masonry Schematic Diagram :

b
0.6 m

Surcharge
h' = 0.49 m

W3

W1
H

ϑ
PA
W2
1.5 m

PP
h

h1

YP

x1
x2
x3

xv
Rv
B

Design Parameters
wsm = Unit weight of Stone Masonry = 26.75 kN/m³

S = Surcharge due to live load = 9.81 kN/m2

Ws = Unit weight of soil = 20.0 kN/m³

Ø = Angle of friction of soil = 40°
μ = Coefficient of friction b/n conc. footing and soil = 0.55
ϑ = Slope of outside wall = 15.0°
B = Bottom width of stone masonry = 1.60 m
b = Top width of stone masonry = 0.50 m
h1 = Bottom thickness of stone masonry = 0.60 m
H = Height of active soil pressure = 4.00 m
h = Height of passive soil pressure = 0.00 m
h' = Height equivalent of surcharge = 0.49 m
 bw = Considered strip of Masonry = 1.00 m

SOIL PRESSURES :

Static Active Earth Pressure

PA = 1/2 Cahws(H+h')2bw PA = 43.84 kN

1-sinØ
Cah = Cah = 0.22
1+sinØ

Static Passive Earth Pressure

PP = 1/2 Cphwsh2bw PP = 0.00 kN

1+sinØ
Cph = Cph = 4.60
1-sinØ

Loading and Lever arm Computations :

W1 = 1/2(B-b)(H-h1)(bw)(wsm) = 50.02 kN x1 = 2/3(B-b) = 0.73 m

W2 == (B)(h1)(bw)(wsm) = 25.68 kN x2 = 1/2(B) = 0.80 m
W3 = (b)(H)(bw)(wsm) = 61.53 kN x3 = B-b+1/2(b) = 1.35 m
PA = 1/2 Cahws(H+h') bw 2
= 43.84 kN yA = 1/3(H+h') = 1.50 m
PP = 1/2 Cphwsh2bw = 0.00 kN yP = 1/3(h) = 0.00 m

A) CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY μ*Σ(Righting forces) μ*Σ(W1+W2+W3+Pp)

= =
AGAINST SLIDING: Σ(PA)
Σ(Sliding forces)

= 1.72 . . . . . O.K.! ! ! . . . SAFE

B) CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY

AGAINST OVERTURNING:
ΣForces acting at Footing, Resultant Force = Rv = W1+W2+W3 = 137.23 kN

Location of Resultant Force, Rv from Toe = Righting Moment - Overturning Moment

Resultant Force

Xv = 140.29 kN - 65.61 kN = 0.54 m

137.23 kN

Stability for overturning is conditioned by that the acting point of the Resultant Force, Rv must be within
the central one-third portion of the bottom width, B.

B 2B , B = 0.53 m , 2B = 1.07 m
≤ Xv ≤
3 3 3 3
…SAFE FOR OVERTURNING, Rv WITHIN THE
REMARKS
MIDDLE THIRD…

C) CHECK BEARING CAPACITY OF FOUNDATION

 C.1) Actual Soil Bearing Pressure on underlying Foundation

Soil Pressure, Rv + 6e where e = B/2-Xv, e= 0.26 m

= 1
q B - B

137.23 6 x 0.26
q max. = 1 + = 169.39 kN/m2
1.60 1.60

137.23 6 x 0.26
q min. = 1 - = 2.14 kN/m2
1.60 1.60

C.2) Allowable Bearing Capacity of Ground

2
C = qu/2 C = 1 0.10 + 0.15 *N . 100 . kN
2 102 m2

2
@ 1 m from top of borehole
qu = 1 0.10 + 0.15 *N . 100 . kN ,N#
=## (from borehole log graph)
qa =
F.S. 2 102 m 2

This shall be used if relevant data obtained from

qa = 301 kPa investigation is available.

ResultSBP_allowa"OK" ifqa ≥ qmax

"CHECK" otherwise

ResultSBP_allowable =!!! O.K. SAFE !!!

Pressumed Allowable Bearing This is used as an assumption in the absenc

Capacity (Stiff Clay, Compact Sand), = 300 kN/m2
kPa of soil investigation.

REMARKS …OK, SAFE…!!!

0.49 m
e, Rv must be within
log graph)

nt data obtained from soil

sumption in the absence

 Wall Height H = 9 f
Width of the base B = 6 f
Surcharge q = 300 psf
Backfill slope angle ὰ = 0 deg
Back Face slope angle ß = 6 deg
Soil friction angle Ø = 35 deg
Soil density ws = 120 pcf
Gabion fill density wg = 100 pcf
Soil bearing pressure Pb = 4000 psf

Determine if safety factors are within limits:

Pressure Coefficient, Ka

Ka = cos2(Ø - ß)

Active earth force, Pa

Pa = Ka(wsH / 2 + qH)
2
Pa = 1,739 lb/f
Ka = 0.23

Horizontal component, Ph
Ph = Pa cos ß Ph = 1730 lb/f

Vertical distance to Ph
H(H+3q/ws) 148.5
da = + B sinß da = + -0.63 = 2.91 f.
3(H+2q/ws) 42

Overturning Moment, Mo
Mo = d a P h Mo = 5034 lb/f
17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

-1

-2

-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
 Row # Width Height Offset Area x Moment y Moment ∑Ax
from toe

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3 3 3 3 9.00 4.50 40.50 7.50 67.50 47.3338
2 4.5 3 1.5 13.50 3.75 50.63 4.50 60.75 56.6978
1 6 3 0 18.00 3.00 54.00 1.50 27.00 56.5265
9 40.5 11.25 145.125 13.5 155.25 160.558

Weight of gabions for a 1-f unit length, Wg

Wg = ∑A x 100
= 40.5 x 100
= 4050 lb/f

Horizontal distance to Wg
dg = ∑Ax / ∑A
= 160.6 / 40.5
dg = 3.96 f.

Resisting Moment, Mr
Mr = dg x Wg Mr = 16,038 lb/f

CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST OVERTURNING:

Safety factor against overturning, SFo
SFo = Mr / Mo
= 16,038 / 5034
SFo = 3.19 . . . . . O.K.! ! ! . . . SAFE

CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST SLIDING:

Safety factor against sliding, SFs
SFs = μ Wg / Ph
= tan 35 x 4050 / 1730
 = 1.639 . . . . . O.K.! ! ! . . . SAFE

Check the eccentricity (e)of Resultant Force (Resultant is in middle one third)
e = B/2 - (Mr - Mo) / Wg
= 0.283 f.

-B/6 ≤ e ≤ B/6
0.283 ≤ 0.283 ≤ 1
O.K... O.K...

Check bearing, maximum pressure under the base, P

P = (Wg / B) (1 + 6e / B)
= 866 psf

P ≤ Pb
866 ≤ 4000
O.K...
 120 lbs 3.28^3
f-f-f m

4234.506 lbs 35.28755

m-m-m

10.7639 sqf
1 sqm

1 pound
0.004448 kN

1 cum
35.3147 cuf

120 lbs 35.3147

cuf

18.85051
18 2.880511 -0.41912
2.461388
44.30498
2.88 -0.4191

44.2962 2.4609
 0.9945 4.475349
0.1045 0.7840
5.259312
47.33381

SIN((6)*PI()/180)

141.47
50.88

56.526
56.697
47.333

160.556

3.964346
 Wall Height H = 8 m
Width of the base B = 8 m
Surcharge q = 9.81 kN/m2
Backfill slope angle ὰ = 0 deg
Back Face slope angle ß = 0 deg
Soil friction angle Ø = 40 deg
Soil density ws = 20 kN/m3
Gabion fill density wg = 16 kN/m3
Soil bearing pressure Pb = 300 kN/m2

Determine if safety factors are within limits:

Pressure Coefficient, Ka

Ka = cos2(Ø - ß)
sin(Ø+δ)sin(Ø-ὰ) 2
cos2ßcos(δ+ß) 1 +
cos(δ+ß)cos(ὰ-ß)

Active earth force, Pa

Pa = Ka(wsH / 2 + qH)
2
Pa = 165 kN-m
Ka = 0.22

Horizontal component, Ph
Ph = Pa cos ß Ph = 166 kN/m

Vertical distance to Ph
H(H+3q/ws) 75.772
da = + B sinß da = + 0.00 = 2.82 m
3(H+2q/ws) 26.943

Overturning Moment, Mo
Mo = d a P h Mo = 468 kN/m
17

16

13

12

11

10

-1
 -1

-2

-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Row # Width Height Offset Area x Moment y Moment ∑Ax

from toe

10
9
8 1 1 3.5 1.00 4.00 4.00 7.50 7.50 4.00
7 2 1 3 2.00 4.00 8.00 6.50 13.00 8.00
6 3 1 2.5 3.00 4.00 12.00 5.50 16.50 12.00
5 4 1 2 4.00 4.00 16.00 4.50 18.00 16.00
4 5 1 1.5 5.00 4.00 20.00 3.50 17.50 20.00
3 6 1 1 6.00 4.00 24.00 2.50 15.00 24.00
2 7 1 0.5 7.00 4.00 28.00 1.50 10.50 28.00
1 8 1 0 8.00 4.00 32.00 0.50 4.00 32.00
8 36.00 32.00 144.00 32.00 102.00 144.00

Weight of gabions for a 1-m unit length, Wg

Wg = ∑A x 16
= 36.0 x 16
= 576 kN/m

Horizontal distance to Wg
dg = ∑Ax / ∑A
= 144.0 / 36.0
dg = 4.00 m

Resisting Moment, Mr
Mr = dg x Wg Mr = 2,304 kN/m

CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST OVERTURNING:

Safety factor against overturning, SFo
SFo = Mr / Mo
= 2,304 / 468
SFo = 4.92 . . . . . O.K.! ! ! . . . SAFE

CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST SLIDING:

Safety factor against sliding, SFs
 SFs = μ Wg / Ph
= tan 35 x 576 / 166
= 2.43 . . . . . O.K.! ! ! . . . SAFE

Check the eccentricity (e)of Resultant Force (Resultant is in middle one third)
e = B/2 - (Mr - Mo) / Wg
= 0.813 f.

-B/6 ≤ e ≤ B/6
0.283 ≤ 0.813 ≤ 1.333
O.K... O.K...

Check bearing, maximum pressure under the base, P

P = (Wg / B) (1 + 6e / B)
= 116 psf

P ≤ Pb
116 ≤ 300
O.K...
 120 lbs 3.28^3
f-f-f m

4234.506 lbs 35.28755

m-m-m

10.7639 sqf
1 sqm

1 pound
0.004448 kN

1 cum
35.3147 cuf

0.157088 kN-cum
pcf

15.7088 100 lbs 35.3147

cuf

4000 lbs 10.7639

sqf

191.5208
18 3 0
3
54
2.88 -0.4191

44.2962 2.4609
 0.9945 3.978088
0.1045 0.2613
4.239409
25.43645

SIN((6)*PI()/180)

141.47
50.88

56.526
56.697
47.333

160.556

4.459889
 Wall Height H = 7 m
Width of the base B = 7 m
Surcharge q = 9.81 kN/m2
Backfill slope angle ὰ = 0 deg
Back Face slope angle ß = 0 deg
Soil friction angle Ø = 40 deg
Soil density ws = 20 kN/m3
Gabion fill density wg = 16 kN/m3
Soil bearing pressure Pb = 300 kN/m2

Determine if safety factors are within limits:

Pressure Coefficient, Ka

Ka = cos2(Ø - ß)
sin(Ø+δ)sin(Ø-ὰ) 2
cos2ßcos(δ+ß) 1 +
cos(δ+ß)cos(ὰ-ß)

Active earth force, Pa

Pa = Ka(wsH / 2 + qH)
2
Pa = 128 kN-m
Ka = 0.22

Horizontal component, Ph
Ph = Pa cos ß Ph = 129 kN/m

Vertical distance to Ph
H(H+3q/ws) 59.3005
da = + B sinß da = + 0.00 = 2.48 m
3(H+2q/ws) 23.943

Overturning Moment, Mo
Mo = d a P h Mo = 320 kN/m
17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

-1

-2

-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
 Row # Width Height Offset Area x Moment y Moment ∑Ax
from toe

10
9
8
7 1 1 3.00 1.00 3.50 3.50 6.50 6.50 3.50
6 2 1 2.50 2.00 3.50 7.00 5.50 11.00 7.00
5 3 1 2.00 3.00 3.50 10.50 4.50 13.50 10.50
4 4 1 1.50 4.00 3.50 14.00 3.50 14.00 14.00
3 5 1 1.00 5.00 3.50 17.50 2.50 12.50 17.50
2 6 1 0.50 6.00 3.50 21.00 1.50 9.00 21.00
1 7 1 0.00 7.00 3.50 24.50 0.50 3.50 24.50
7 28.00 24.50 98.00 24.50 70.00 98.00

Weight of gabions for a 1-m unit length, Wg

Wg = ∑A x 16
= 28.0 x 16
= 448 kN/m

Horizontal distance to Wg
dg = ∑Ax / ∑A
= 98.0 / 28.0
dg = 3.50 m

Resisting Moment, Mr
Mr = dg x Wg Mr = 1,568 kN/m

CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST OVERTURNING:

Safety factor against overturning, SFo
SFo = Mr / Mo
= 1,568 / 320
SFo = 4.9 . . . . . O.K.! ! ! . . . SAFE

CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST SLIDING:

Safety factor against sliding, SFs
SFs = μ Wg / Ph
= tan 35 x 448 / 129
 = 2.432 . . . . . O.K.! ! ! . . . SAFE

Check the eccentricity (e)of Resultant Force (Resultant is in middle one third)
e = B/2 - (Mr - Mo) / Wg
= 0.714 f.

-B/6 ≤ e ≤ B/6
0.283 ≤ 0.714 ≤ 1.167
O.K... O.K...

Check bearing, maximum pressure under the base, P

P = (Wg / B) (1 + 6e / B)
= 103 psf

P ≤ Pb
103 ≤ 300
O.K...
 120 lbs 3.28^3
f-f-f m

4234.506 lbs 35.28755

m-m-m

10.7639 sqf
1 sqm

1 pound
0.004448 kN

1 cum
35.3147 cuf

0.157088 kN-cum
pcf

15.7088 100 lbs 35.3147

cuf

4000 lbs 10.7639

sqf

191.5208
18 3 0
3
54
2.88 -0.4191

44.2962 2.4609
 0.9945 3.480827
0.1045 0.2613
3.742148
18.71074

SIN((6)*PI()/180)

141.47
50.88

56.526
56.697
47.333

160.556

5.734143
 Wall Height H = 13 m
Width of the base B = 9 m
Surcharge q = 9.81 kN/m2
Backfill slope angle ὰ = 0 deg
Back Face slope angle ß = 0 deg
Soil friction angle Ø = 40 deg
Soil density ws = 20 kN/m3
Gabion fill density wg = 16 kN/m3
Soil bearing pressure Pb = 300 kN/m2

Determine if safety factors are within limits:

Pressure Coefficient, Ka

Ka = cos2(Ø - ß)
sin(Ø+δ)sin(Ø-ὰ) 2
cos2ßcos(δ+ß) 1 +
cos(δ+ß)cos(ὰ-ß)

Active earth force, Pa

Pa = Ka(wsH / 2 + qH)
2
Pa = 418 kN-m
Ka = 0.22

Horizontal component, Ph
Ph = Pa cos ß Ph = 419 kN/m

Vertical distance to Ph
H(H+3q/ws) 188.13
da = + B sinß da = + 0.00 = 4.49 m
3(H+2q/ws) 41.943

Overturning Moment, Mo
Mo = d a P h Mo = 1881 kN/m
17

16

13

12

11

10

-1
 -2

-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Row # Width Height Offset Area x Moment y Moment ∑Ax

from toe

13 1 1 6.00 1.00 6.50 6.50 12.50 12.50 6.50

12 2 1 5.50 2.00 6.50 13.00 11.50 23.00 13.00
11 3 1 5.00 3.00 6.50 19.50 10.50 31.50 19.50
10 4 1 4.50 4.00 6.50 26.00 9.50 38.00 26.00
9 4 1 4.00 4.00 6.00 24.00 8.50 34.00 24.00
8 5 1 3.50 5.00 6.00 30.00 7.50 37.50 30.00
7 5 1 3.00 5.00 5.50 27.50 6.50 32.50 27.50
6 6 1 2.50 6.00 5.50 33.00 5.50 33.00 33.00
5 6 1 2.00 6.00 5.00 30.00 4.50 27.00 30.00
4 7 1 1.50 7.00 5.00 35.00 3.50 24.50 35.00
3 7 1 1.00 7.00 4.50 31.50 2.50 17.50 31.50
2 8 1 0.50 8.00 4.50 36.00 1.50 12.00 36.00
1 9 1 0.00 9.00 4.50 40.50 0.50 4.50 40.50
13 67.00 72.50 352.50 84.50 327.50 352.50

Weight of gabions for a 1-m unit length, Wg

Wg = ∑A x 16
= 67.0 x 16
= 1072 kN/m

Horizontal distance to Wg
dg = ∑Ax / ∑A
= 352.5 / 67.0
dg = 5.26 m

Resisting Moment, Mr
Mr = dg x Wg Mr = 5,639 kN/m

CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST OVERTURNING:

Safety factor against overturning, SFo
SFo = Mr / Mo
= 5,639 / 1881
SFo = 3 . . . . . O.K.! ! ! . . . SAFE

CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST SLIDING:

Safety factor against sliding, SFs
 SFs = μ Wg / Ph
= tan 35 x 1072 / 419
= 1.791 . . . . . O.K.! ! ! . . . SAFE

Check the eccentricity (e)of Resultant Force (Resultant is in middle one third)
e = B/2 - (Mr - Mo) / Wg
= 0.995 f.

-B/6 ≤ e ≤ B/6
0.283 ≤ 0.995 ≤ 1.5
O.K... O.K...

Check bearing, maximum pressure under the base, P

P = (Wg / B) (1 + 6e / B)
= 198 psf

P ≤ Pb
198 ≤ 300
O.K...
 120 lbs 3.28^3
f-f-f m

4234.506 lbs 35.28755

m-m-m

10.7639 sqf
1 sqm

1 pound
0.004448 kN

1 cum
35.3147 cuf

0.157088 kN-cum
pcf

15.7088 100 lbs 35.3147

cuf

4000 lbs 10.7639

sqf

191.5208
18 3 0
3
54
2.88 -0.4191

44.2962 2.4609
 0.9945 4.475349
0.1045 0.2613
4.73667
33.15669

SIN((6)*PI()/180)

141.47
50.88

56.526
56.697
47.333

160.556

2.396358
 Wall Height H = 13 m
Width of the base B = 8 m
Surcharge q = 9.81 kN/m2
Backfill slope angle ὰ = 0 deg
Back Face slope angle ß = 0 deg
Soil friction angle Ø = 40 deg
Soil density ws = 20 kN/m3
Gabion fill density wg = 16 kN/m3
Soil bearing pressure Pb = 300 kN/m2

Determine if safety factors are within limits:

Pressure Coefficient, Ka

Ka = cos2(Ø - ß)
sin(Ø+δ)sin(Ø-ὰ) 2
cos2ßcos(δ+ß) 1 +
cos(δ+ß)cos(ὰ-ß)

Active earth force, Pa

Pa = Ka(wsH / 2 + qH)
2
Pa = 418 kN-m
Ka = 0.22

Horizontal component, Ph
Ph = Pa cos ß Ph = 419 kN/m

Vertical distance to Ph
H(H+3q/ws) 188.13
da = + B sinß da = + 0.00 = 4.49 m
3(H+2q/ws) 41.943

Overturning Moment, Mo
Mo = d a P h Mo = 1881 kN/m
15

14

13

12

11

10

-1

-2
 -2

-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Row # Width Height Offset Area x Moment y Moment ∑Ax

from toe

13 1 1 6.00 1.00 6.50 6.50 12.50 12.50 6.50

12 2 1 5.50 2.00 6.50 13.00 11.50 23.00 13.00
11 2 1 5.00 2.00 6.00 12.00 10.50 21.00 12.00
10 3 1 4.50 3.00 6.00 18.00 9.50 28.50 18.00
9 3 1 4.00 3.00 5.50 16.50 8.50 25.50 16.50
8 4 1 3.50 4.00 5.50 22.00 7.50 30.00 22.00
7 4 1 3.00 4.00 5.00 20.00 6.50 26.00 20.00
6 5 1 2.50 5.00 5.00 25.00 5.50 27.50 25.00
5 5 1 2.00 5.00 4.50 22.50 4.50 22.50 22.50
4 6 1 1.50 6.00 4.50 27.00 3.50 21.00 27.00
3 6 1 1.00 6.00 4.00 24.00 2.50 15.00 24.00
2 7 1 0.50 7.00 4.00 28.00 1.50 10.50 28.00
1 8 1 0.00 8.00 4.00 32.00 0.50 4.00 32.00
13 56.00 67.00 266.50 84.50 267.00 266.50

Weight of gabions for a 1-m unit length, Wg

Wg = ∑A x 16
= 56.0 x 16
= 896 kN/m

Horizontal distance to Wg
dg = ∑Ax / ∑A
= 266.5 / 56.0
dg = 4.76 m

Resisting Moment, Mr
Mr = dg x Wg Mr = 4,265 kN/m

CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST OVERTURNING:

Safety factor against overturning, SFo
SFo = Mr / Mo
= 4,265 / 1881
SFo = 2.27 . . . . . O.K.! ! ! . . . SAFE

CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST SLIDING:

Safety factor against sliding, SFs
SFs = μ Wg / Ph
= tan 35 x 896 / 419
 = 1.50 . . . . . Not O.K. ! ! ! . . .REDESIGN

Check the eccentricity (e)of Resultant Force (Resultant is in middle one third)
e = B/2 - (Mr - Mo) / Wg
= 1.339 f.

-B/6 ≤ e ≤ B/6
0.283 ≤ 1.339 ≤ 1.333
O.K... Not O.K...

Check bearing, maximum pressure under the base, P

P = (Wg / B) (1 + 6e / B)
= 224 psf

P ≤ Pb
224 ≤ 300
O.K...
 120 lbs 3.28^3
f-f-f m

4234.506 lbs 35.28755

m-m-m

10.7639 sqf
1 sqm

1 pound
0.004448 kN

1 cum
35.3147 cuf

0.157088 kN-cum
pcf

15.7088 100 lbs 35.3147

cuf

4000 lbs 10.7639

sqf

191.5208
18 3 0
3
54
2.88 -0.4191

44.2962 2.4609
 0.9945 3.978088
0.1045 0.2613
4.239409
25.43645

SIN((6)*PI()/180)

141.47
50.88

56.526
56.697
47.333

160.556

2.867071
 Wall Height H = 5 m
Width of the base B = 5 m
Surcharge q = 9.81 kN/m2
Backfill slope angle ὰ = 0 deg
Back Face slope angle ß = 0 deg
Soil friction angle Ø = 40 deg
Soil density ws = 20 kN/m3
Gabion fill density wg = 16 kN/m3
Soil bearing pressure Pb = 300 kN/m2

Determine if safety factors are within limits:

Pressure Coefficient, Ka

Ka = cos2(Ø - ß)
sin(Ø+δ)sin(Ø-ὰ) 2
cos2ßcos(δ+ß) 1 +
cos(δ+ß)cos(ὰ-ß)

Active earth force, Pa

Pa = Ka(wsH / 2 + qH)
2
Pa = 69 kN-m
Ka = 0.22

Horizontal component, Ph
Ph = Pa cos ß Ph = 69 kN/m

Vertical distance to Ph
H(H+3q/ws) 32.3575
da = + B sinß da = + 0.00 = 1.81 m
3(H+2q/ws) 17.943

Overturning Moment, Mo
Mo = d a P h Mo = 125 kN/m
17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

-1

-2

-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
 Row # Width Height Offset Area x Moment y Moment ∑Ax
from toe

10
9
8
7
6
5 5 1 2.00 5.00 2.50 12.50 4.50 22.50 12.50
4 6 1 1.50 6.00 2.50 15.00 3.50 21.00 15.00
3 7 1 1.00 7.00 2.50 17.50 2.50 17.50 17.50
2 8 1 0.50 8.00 2.50 20.00 1.50 12.00 20.00
1 9 1 0.00 9.00 2.50 22.50 0.50 4.50 22.50
5 35.00 12.50 87.50 12.50 77.50 87.50

Weight of gabions for a 1-m unit length, Wg

Wg = ∑A x 16
= 35.0 x 16
= 560 kN/m

Horizontal distance to Wg
dg = ∑Ax / ∑A
= 87.5 / 35.0
dg = 2.50 m

Resisting Moment, Mr
Mr = dg x Wg Mr = 1,400 kN/m

CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST OVERTURNING:

Safety factor against overturning, SFo
SFo = Mr / Mo
= 1,400 / 125
SFo = 11.2 . . . . . O.K.! ! ! . . . SAFE

CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST SLIDING:

Safety factor against sliding, SFs
SFs = μ Wg / Ph
= tan 35 x 560 / 69
 = 5.683 . . . . . O.K.! ! ! . . . SAFE

Check the eccentricity (e)of Resultant Force (Resultant is in middle one third)
e = B/2 - (Mr - Mo) / Wg
= 0.223 f.

-B/6 ≤ e ≤ B/6
0.283 ≤ 0.223 ≤ 0.833
Not O.K... O.K...

Check bearing, maximum pressure under the base, P

P = (Wg / B) (1 + 6e / B)
= 142 psf

P ≤ Pb
142 ≤ 300
O.K...
 120 lbs 3.28^3
f-f-f m

4234.506 lbs 35.28755

m-m-m

10.7639 sqf
1 sqm

1 pound
0.004448 kN

1 cum
35.3147 cuf

0.157088 kN-cum
pcf

15.7088 100 lbs 35.3147

cuf

4000 lbs 10.7639

sqf

191.5208
18 3 0
3
54
2.88 -0.4191

44.2962 2.4609
 0.9945 2.486305
0.1045 0.2613
2.747626
19.23338

SIN((6)*PI()/180)

141.47
50.88

56.526
56.697
47.333

160.556

4.587314