Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel Report on the Immediate Causes of the Failure of the Fundão Dam

Appendix H – Limit Equilibrium Analysis of Dike 1 Abutments

Prior to Failure

ATTACHMENT H1
Slope Stability Output

August 25, 2016

 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 -
Slimes 22 28 -
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40

PROJECT
NOTE:

Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel

TITLE

ESA Base Case

Right Abutment – Section AA
Field Data
November 5, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-1A
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 -
Slimes 22 28 -
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40

PROJECT
NOTE:

Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel

TITLE

ESA Base Case

Right Abutment – Section AA
3D FEFLOW
November 5, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-1B
 Effective Friction Undrained
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle Strength Ratio
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees) s u / σ’v

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5 -

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 - 0.31
Slimes 22 28 - 0.31
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40 -

PROJECT
NOTE:
1. Effective Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes above the water
table, and Undrained Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes below Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel
the water table.
TITLE

ESA above WT / USA below WT

Right Abutment – Section AA
Field Data
November 5, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-2
 Effective Friction Undrained
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle Strength Ratio
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees) s u / σ’v

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5 -

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 - 0.34
Slimes 22 28 - 0.34
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40 -

PROJECT
NOTE:
1. Effective Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes above the water
table, and Undrained Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes below Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel
the water table.
TITLE

ESA above WT / USA below WT

Right Abutment – Section AA
3D FEFLOW
November 5, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-3
 Effective Friction Undrained
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle Strength Ratio
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees) s u / σ’v

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5 -

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 - 0.25
Slimes 22 28 - 0.25
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40 -

PROJECT
NOTE:
1. Effective Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes above the water
table, and Undrained Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes below Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel
the water table.
TITLE

ESA above WT / USA below WT

Right Abutment – Section AA
Field Data
November 5, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-4A
 Effective Friction Undrained
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle Strength Ratio
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees) s u / σ’v

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5 -

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 - 0.25
Slimes 22 28 - 0.25
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40 -

PROJECT
NOTE:
1. Effective Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes above the water
table, and Undrained Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes below Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel
the water table.
TITLE

ESA above WT / USA below WT

Right Abutment – Section AA
3D FEFLOW
November 5, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-4B
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5

Loose Sand Tailings (Above WT) 22 33 -
Fill
Loose Sand Tailings (Below WT) 22 16(1) -
Slimes 22 16(1) -
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40
1. 16° is a total stress friction angle.

PROJECT
NOTE:

Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel

TITLE

ESA above WT / USA below WT with Low Strength Loose Tailings and Slimes below WT
Right Abutment – Section AA
Field Data
November 5, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-5A
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(deg.)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5

Loose Sand Tailings (Above WT) 22 33 -
Fill
Loose Sand Tailings (Below WT) 22 16(1) -
Slimes 22 16(1) -
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40
1. 16° is a total stress friction angle.

PROJECT
NOTE:

Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel

TITLE

ESA above WT / USA below WT with Low Strength Loose Tailings and Slimes below WT
Right Abutment – Section AA
3D FEFLOW
November 5, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-5B
 940 0.40

920

900
Elevation (m)

880

860

840

820

800

780

760
-20 30 80 130 180 230 280 330 380 430 480 530 580 630 680 730

Distance (m)

Effective Friction Undrained

Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle Strength Ratio
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees) s u / σ’v

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5 -

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 - 0.07
Slimes 22 28 - 0.07
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40 -

PROJECT
NOTE:
1. Effective Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes above the water
table, and Undrained Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes below Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel
the water table.
TITLE

ESA above WT / USA below WT

Right Abutment – Section AA
Field Data
November 5, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-6A
 Effective Friction Undrained
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle Strength Ratio
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees) s u / σ’v

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5 -

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 - 0.07
Slimes 22 28 - 0.07
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40 -

PROJECT
NOTE:
1. Effective Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes above the water
table, and Undrained Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes below Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel
the water table.
TITLE

ESA above WT / USA below WT

Right Abutment – Section AA
3D FEFLOW
November 5, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-6B
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 -
Slimes 22 28 -
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40

PROJECT
NOTE:

Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel

TITLE

ESA Base Case

Left Abutment – Section 01
Field Data
November 5, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-7A
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 -
Slimes 22 28 -
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40

PROJECT
NOTE:

Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel

TITLE

ESA Base Case

Left Abutment – Section 01
3D FEFLOW
November 5, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-7B
 Effective Friction Undrained
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle Strength Ratio
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees) s u / σ’v

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5 -

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 - 0.34
Slimes 22 28 - 0.34
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40 -

PROJECT
NOTE:
1. Effective Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes above the water
table, and Undrained Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes below Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel
the water table.
TITLE
2. Not to scale.
ESA above WT / USA below WT
Left Abutment – Section 01
3D FEFLOW
November 5, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-8
 Effective Friction Undrained
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle Strength Ratio
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees) s u / σ’v

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5 -

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 - 0.31
Slimes 22 28 - 0.31
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40 -

PROJECT
NOTE:
1. Effective Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes above the water
table, and Undrained Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes below Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel
the water table.
TITLE
2. Not to scale.
ESA above WT / USA below WT
Left Abutment – Section 01
Field Data
November 5, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-9
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion Undrained Strength Ratio
Type Colour Material Angle
(kN/m3) (kPa) s u / σ’v
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5 -

0.30 (Backscarp)
Fill
Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 - 0.22 (Horizontal)
0.14 (Breakout)
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40 -

PROJECT
NOTE:
1. Effective Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes above the water
table, and Undrained Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes below Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel
the water table.
TITLE

ESA above WT / USA Heterogeneous below WT

Left Abutment – Section 01
Field Data
November 5, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-10A
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion Undrained Strength Ratio
Type Colour Material Angle
(kN/m3) (kPa) s u / σ’v
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5 -

0.30 (Backscarp)
Fill
Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 - 0.22 (Horizontal)
0.14 (Breakout)
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40 -

PROJECT
NOTE:
1. Effective Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes above the water
table, and Undrained Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes below Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel
the water table.
TITLE

ESA above WT / USA Heterogeneous below WT

Left Abutment – Section 01
3D FEFLOW
November 5, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-10B
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5

Loose Sand Tailings (Above WT) 22 33 -
Fill
Loose Sand Tailings (Below WT) 22 16(1) -
Slimes 22 16(1) -
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40
1. 16° is a total stress friction angle.

PROJECT
NOTE:

Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel

TITLE

ESA above WT / ESA with Low Strength Variant below WT

Left Abutment – Section 01
Field Data
November 5, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-11A
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5

Loose Sand Tailings (Above WT) 22 33 -
Fill
Loose Sand Tailings (Below WT) 22 16(1) -
Slimes 22 16(1) -
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40
1. 16° is a total stress friction angle.

PROJECT
NOTE:

Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel

TITLE

ESA above WT / ESA with Low Strength Variant below WT

Left Abutment – Section 01
3D FEFLOW
November 5, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-11B
 Effective Friction Undrained
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle Strength Ratio
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees) s u / σ’v

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5 -

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 - 0.07
Slimes 22 28 - 0.07
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40 -

PROJECT
NOTE:
1. Effective Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes above the water
table, and Undrained Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes below Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel
the water table.
TITLE

ESA above WT / USA below WT

Left Abutment – Section 01
Field Data
November 5, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-12A
 Effective Friction Undrained
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle Strength Ratio
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees) s u / σ’v

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5 -

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 - 0.07
Slimes 22 28 - 0.07
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40 -

PROJECT
NOTE:
1. Effective Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes above the water
table, and Undrained Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes below Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel
the water table.
TITLE

ESA above WT / USA below WT

Left Abutment – Section 01
3D FEFLOW
November 5, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-12B
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 -
Slimes 22 28 -
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40

PROJECT
NOTE:

Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel

TITLE

ESA
Left Abutment - Section 01
Field Data
August, 2014
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-13A
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 -
Slimes 22 28 -
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40

PROJECT
NOTE:

Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel

TITLE

ESA
Left Abutment - Section 01
3D FEFLOW
August, 2014
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-13B
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion Undrained Strength Ratio
Type Colour Material 3 Angle
(kN/m ) (kPa) s u / σ’v
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5 -

0.30 (Backscarp)
Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 - 0.22 (Horozontal)
Fill 0.14 (Breakout)
0.30 (Backscarp)
Slimes 22 28 - 0.22 (Horozontal)
0.14 (Breakout)
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40 -

PROJECT
NOTE:
1. Effective Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes above the water
table, and Undrained Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes below Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel
the water table.
TITLE

ESA above WT / USA Heterogeneous below WT

Left Abutment - Section 01
Field Data
August, 2014
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-14A
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion Undrained Strength Ratio
Type Colour Material 3 Angle
(kN/m ) (kPa) s u / σ’v
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5 -

0.30 (Backscarp)
Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 - 0.22 (Horozontal)
Fill 0.14 (Breakout)
0.30 (Backscarp)
Slimes 22 28 - 0.22 (Horozontal)
0.14 (Breakout)
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40 -

PROJECT
NOTE:
1. Effective Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes above the water
table, and Undrained Strength Parameters apply to Loose Sand Tailings and Slimes below Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel
the water table.
TITLE

ESA above WT / USA Heterogeneous below WT

Left Abutment - Section 01
3D FEFLOW
August, 2014
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-14B
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 -
Slimes 22 28 -
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40

PROJECT
NOTE:

Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel

TITLE

FOS Tracking
Left Abutment – Section 01
Field Data
February, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-15A
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 -
Slimes 22 28 -
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40

PROJECT
NOTE:

Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel

TITLE

FOS Tracking
Left Abutment – Section 01
3D FEFLOW
February, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-15B
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 -
Slimes 22 28 -
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40

PROJECT
NOTE:

Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel

TITLE

FOS Tracking
Left Abutment – Section 01
Field Data
May, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-16A
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 -
Slimes 22 28 -
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40

PROJECT
NOTE:

Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel

TITLE

FOS Tracking
Left Abutment – Section 01
3D FEFLOW
May, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-16B
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 -
Slimes 22 28 -
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40

PROJECT
NOTE:

Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel

TITLE

FOS Tracking
Left Abutment – Section 01
Field Data
June, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-17A
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 -
Slimes 22 28 -
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40

PROJECT
NOTE:

Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel

TITLE

FOS Tracking
Left Abutment – Section 01
3D FEFLOW
June, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-17B
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 -
Slimes 22 28 -
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40

PROJECT
NOTE:

Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel

TITLE

FOS Tracking
Left Abutment – Section 01
Field Data
July, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-18A
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 -
Slimes 22 28 -
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40

PROJECT
NOTE:

Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel

TITLE

FOS Tracking
Left Abutment – Section 01
3D FEFLOW
July, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-18B
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 -
Slimes 22 28 -
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40

PROJECT
NOTE:

Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel

TITLE

FOS Tracking
Left Abutment – Section 01
Field Data
August, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-19A
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 -
Slimes 22 28 -
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40

PROJECT
NOTE:

Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel

TITLE

FOS Tracking
Left Abutment – Section 01
3D FEFLOW
August, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-19B
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 -
Slimes 22 28 -
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40

PROJECT
NOTE:

Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel

TITLE

FOS Tracking
Left Abutment – Section 01
Field Data
September, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-20A
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 -
Slimes 22 28 -
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40

PROJECT
NOTE:

Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel

TITLE

FOS Tracking
Left Abutment – Section 01
3D FEFLOW
September, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-20B
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 -
Slimes 22 28 -
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40

PROJECT
NOTE:

Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel

TITLE

FOS Tracking
Left Abutment – Section 01
Field Data
October, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-21A
 Effective Friction
Unit Weight Effective Cohesion
Type Colour Material 3 Angle
(kN/m ) (kPa)
(degrees)

Compacted Sand Tailings 22 35 5

Fill Loose Sand Tailings 22 33 -
Slimes 22 28 -
Foundation Original Ground 22 32 40

PROJECT
NOTE:

Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel

TITLE

FOS Tracking
Left Abutment – Section 01
3D FEFLOW
October, 2015
FIGURE NO.

H.H1-21B