Java DataBase

Connectivity (JDBC)
 J2EE application model
„ J2EE is a multitiered distributed application model
… client machines
… the J2EE server machine
… the database or legacy machines at the back end
JDBC API
„ JDBC is an interface which allows Java code to
execute SQL statements inside relational
databases
Java JDBC
driver
program
connectivity for Oracle
data processing
utilities driver
for MySQL

jdbc-odbc ODBC
bridge driver
The JDBC-ODBC Bridge

„ ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) is a

Microsoft standard from the mid 1990’s.

„ It is an API that allows C/C++ programs to

execute SQL inside databases

„ ODBC is supported by many products.

The JDBC-ODBC Bridge (Contd.)

„ The JDBC-ODBC bridge allows Java code

to use the C/C++ interface of ODBC
… it
means that JDBC can access many different
database products

„ The layers of translation (Java --> C -->

SQL) can slow down execution.
The JDBC-ODBC Bridge (Contd.)

„ The JDBC-ODBC bridge comes free with

the J2SE:
… called sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver

„ The ODBC driver for Microsoft Access

comes with MS Office
… so it is easy to connect Java and Access
 JDBC Pseudo Code
„ All JDBC programs do the following:

„ Step 1) load the JDBC driver

„ Step 2) Specify the name and location of the database being used

„ Step 3) Connect to the database with a Connection object

„ Step 4) Execute a SQL query using a Statement object

„ Step 5) Get the results in a ResultSet object

„ Step 6) Finish by closing the ResultSet, Statement and Connection objects

JDBC API in J2SE
„ Set up a database server (Oracle , MySQL, pointbase)
„ Get a JDBC driver
… set CLASSPATH for driver lib
„ Set classpath in windows, control panel->system->advanced->environment variable
„ Set classpath in Solaris, set CLASSPATH to driver jar file
„ Import the library
… import java.sql.*;
„ Specify the URL to database server
… String url = "jdbc:pointbase://127.0.0.1/test“
„ Load the JDBC driver
… Class.forName("com.pointbase.jdbc.jdbcUniversalDriver");
„ Connect to database server
… Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, “dbUser", “dbPass");
„ Create SQL Statement
… stmt = con.createStatement();
„ Execute SQL
… stmt.executeUpdate("insert into COFFEES " + "values('Colombian', 00101, 7.99, 0,
0)");
… ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(query);
JDBC Example
import java.sql.*;

public class SqlTest

{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
try
{

// Step 1: Make a connection

// Load the driver

Class.forName("com.pointbase.jdbc.jdbcUniversalDriver");

// Get a connection using this driver

String url = "jdbc:pointbase://localhost/cs595";
String dbUser = "PBPUBLIC";
String dbPassword = "PBPUBLIC";

Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, dbUser, dbPassword);

 JDBC Example (Contd.)
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
String sql= "select * from Traps";

ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);

String name;
double val;
java.sql.Date date;

while (rs.next())
{
name = rs.getString("TrapName");
val = rs.getDouble("TrapValue");
date = rs.getDate("TrapDate");
System.out.println("name = " + name + " Value = " + val + " Date = " + date);
}

stmt.close();
con.close();

}
catch(ClassNotFoundException ex1)
{
System.out.println(ex1);
}
catch(SQLException ex2)
{
System.out.println(ex2);
}
}
}
 JDBC Diagram

creates creates creates

DriverManager Connection Statement ResultSet

SQL data

make link Driver

to driver
SQL data
 Load Driver

„ DriverManager is responsible for establishing the

connection to the database through the driver.
„ e.g.
Class.forName(
"sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");
Connection conn =
DriverManager.getConnection(url);
Specify the URL to database server
„ The name and location of the database is
given as a URL
… the details of the URL vary depending on the
type of database that is being used
Database URL

jdbc:pointbase: //host.domain.com: 9092 /data/file

The comms The machine Database The path to

port
protocol holding the the database
database. on the machine

e.g. jdbc:pointbase://localhost/myDB
Statement Object

„ The Statement object provides a

workspace where SQL queries can be
created, executed, and results collected.
„ e.g.
Statement st =
conn.createStatement():
ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery(
“ select * from Authors” );
:
st.close();
ResultSet Object

„ Stores the results of a SQL query.

„ A ResultSet object is similar to a ‘table’

of answers, which can be examined by
moving a ‘pointer’ (cursor).
Accessing a ResultSet

„ Cursor operations:
… first(), last(), next(), previous(), etc.
cursor
„ Typical code: 23 John
while( rs.next() ) { 5 Mark
// process the row; 17 Paul
}
98 Peter
Accessing a ResultSet (Contd.)

„ The ResultSet class contains many

methods for accessing the value of a
column of the current row
… can use the column name or position
… e.g. get the value in the lastName column:
rs.getString("lastName")
or rs.getString(2)
Accessing a ResultSet (Contd.)

„ The ‘tricky’ aspect is that the values are

SQL data, and so must be converted to
Java types/objects.

„ There are many methods for

accessing/converting the data, e.g.
… getString(), getDate(), getInt(),
getFloat(), getObject()
Meta Data

„ Meta data is the information about the

database:
… e.g. the number of columns, the types of
the columns
… meta data is the schema information

meta data
ID Name Course Mark
007 James Bond Shooting 99
008 Aj. Andrew Kung Fu 1
Accessing Meta Data

„ The getMetaData() method can be used

on a ResultSet object to create its meta
data object.
„ e.g.
ResultSetMetaData md =
rs.getMetaData();
Using Meta Data

int numCols = md.getColumnCount();

for (int i = 0; i <= numCols; i++) {

if (md.getColumnType(i) ==
Types.CHAR)
System.out.println(
md.getColumnName(i) )
}
Database Connection Pooling

Connection pooling is a technique

RDBMS
that was pioneered by database
vendors to allow multiple clients to
share a cached set of connection
objects that provide access to a
database resource
Connection
Connection pools minimize the Pool
opening and closing of connections

Servlet

Client 1 …… Client n
 JDBC in J2EE
„ Step 1: Start Sun Application Server PE 8

„ Step 2: Start PointBase

„ Step 3: Use J2EE admin to create connection pool

„ Step 4: Use J2EE admin to create JDBC data source

„ Step 5: import java.sql.*;

„ Step 6: get Context

„ Step 7: look up data source with JNDI

„ Step 8: Execute SQL and process result

Start Application Server & PointBase
Create Connection Pool Using Admin GUI
Create Data Source Using Admin GUI
Example: JDBC Using JNDI & Connection Pools

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.sql.*;
import javax.sql.*;
import javax.naming.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class SqlServlet extends HttpServlet

{
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) throws
ServletException
{
res.setContentType("text/plain");
Example: JDBC Using JNDI & Connection Pools (Contd.)

try
{

PrintWriter pw = res.getWriter();

String dbName = "java:comp/env/jdbc/TrapDB";

InitialContext ic = new InitialContext();

DataSource ds = (DataSource) ic.lookup(dbName);
Connection con = ds.getConnection();

Statement stmt = con.createStatement();

String sql= "select * from Traps";

ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);

String name;
double val;
java.sql.Date date;

while (rs.next())
{
name = rs.getString("TrapName");
val = rs.getDouble("TrapValue");
date = rs.getDate("TrapDate");
pw.println("name = " + name + " Value = " + val + " Date = " + date);
}
Example: JDBC Using JNDI & Connection Pools (Contd.)

stmt.close();

}
catch(SQLException ex2)
{
System.out.println(ex2);
}
catch(IOException ex3)
{
System.out.println(ex3);
}
catch(Exception ex4)
{
System.out.println(ex4);
}
}
}
Reference
Database and Enterprise Web Application Development in J2EE,
Xiachuan Yi, Computer Science Department, University of Georgia.