Department of Electronic Engineering: "Design of An Arduino Based Radar System"

Department of Electronic Engineering
Project Report
“Design of an Arduino Based Radar System”
Submitted to: Engr. Shadab Soomro
Submitted by:
K-F16ES-02
K-F16ES-29
K-F16ES-33
K-F16ES-37
K-F16ES-51
K-F16ES-57
Abstract
A rangefinder is a device that measures the distance from the target to the observer, for the
purposes of surveying, determining focus in photography, or accurately aiming a weapon [1].
In this technical project, we make a simple radar using the ultrasonic sensor, this radar works by
measuring a range from 3cm to 40 cm as non-contact distance, with angle range between 15˚
and 165˚.The movement of the sensor is controlled by using a small servo motor. Information
received from the sensor will be used by “Processing Development Environment” software to
illustrate the result on a PC screen.
Introduction
Radar is an object detection system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify range, altitude,
direction, or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as aircraft, ships, vehicles, weather
formations, and terrain. When we use ultrasonic waves instead of electromagnetic waves, we call
it ultrasonic radar [2]. The main components in any ultrasonic radar are the ultrasonic Sensors.
Ultrasonic sensors work on a principle similar to radar or sonar which evaluates attributes of
a target by interpreting the echoes from radio or sound waves
Respectively. Radar’s information will appear in different ways. Basic and old radar station
used sound alarm or LED, modern radar uses LCD display to show detailed information
of the targeted object. We use Computer screen to show the information (distance and angle).
2-1 Arduino Board UNO Model

Arduino is a hardware and software company, project, and user community that designs
and manufactures computer open-source hardware, open-source software, and microcontroller-
based kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control physical
devices. The project is based on microcontroller board designs. The board provides sets of digital
and analog Input/output (I/O) pins that can interface to various expansion boards (termed
shields) and other circuits Fig (2-1). The boards feature serial communication interfaces, including
Universal Serial Bus (USB) on UNO model, for loading programs from personal computers [3].
For programming the microcontrollers, the Arduino project provides an integrated development
environment (IDE) makes it easy to write code and upload it to
the board. It runs on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. The
environment is written in Java and based on Processing and
other open-source software. This software can be used with
any Arduino board Fig (2-2).
2-2 Processing
Processing is an open source computer programming language and integrated development
environment (IDE) built for the electronic arts, new media art, and visual design communities
with the purpose of teaching the fundamentals of computer programming in a visual context
Fig (3).
 Specifications
 Free to download and open source
 Interactive programs with 2D, 3D or PDF output
 OpenGL integration for accelerated 2D and 3D
 For GNU/Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows
 Over 100 libraries extend the core software
 Well documented, with many books available
2-3 Ultrasonic sensors HC- SR04

Ultrasonic ranging module HC - SR04 provides 2cm - 400cm non-contact measurement
function, the ranging accuracy can reach to 3mm. The modules include ultrasonic transmitters,
receiver, and control circuit, within measuring angle 15 degrees Fig (4). [4-1]
 The basic principle of work. Fig (4-2)

(1) Using IO trigger for at least 10us high-level signal,
(2) The Module automatically sends eight 40 kHz and detect whether there is a pulse signal back.
(3) IF the signal back, through high level, time of high output IO duration is the time from
sending ultrasonic to returning.
Test distance = (high level time × velocity of sound (340M/S) / 2.
 Wire connecting directly as following:

 5V Supply
 Trigger Pulse Input
 Echo Pulse Output
 0V Ground
Fig(4-2). Work principle.
2-4 Servo Motor tower pro micro servo 9g:

Tiny and lightweight with high output power. The servo can rotate approximately 180 degrees
(90 in each direction), and works just like the standard kinds but smaller Fig (5). You can use any
servo code, hardware or library to control these servos.[5]
 Specifications
 Weight: 9 g
 Dimension: 22.2 x 11.8 x 31 mm approx.
 Stall torque: 1.8 kg f cm
 Operating speed: 0.1 s/60 degree
 Operating voltage: 4.8 V (~5V)
 Temperature range: 0 ºC – 55 ºC
2-5 Breadboards:
A breadboard is a construction base for prototyping of electronics. Originally it was literally a
bread board, a polished piece of wood used for slicing bread. In the 1970s the solderless breadboard
(AKA plug board, a terminal array board) became available and nowadays the term "breadboard"
is commonly used to refer to these. "Breadboard" is also a synonym for "prototype".[6]Fig (7).
3- Work procedure:
 Components needed for this Project

 Arduino Board UNO Model.
 Processing software.
 Ultrasonic sensor HC- SR04.
 Servo Motor tower pro micro servo 9g.
 Breadboard and Jump Wires.
3-1 Circuit Diagram

We connected the Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 to the pins number 10 and 11 on the Arduino Board.
 TrigPin = 10.
 EchoPin = 11.
And the servo motor to the pin number 12 on the Arduino Board. Fig (8) shows circuit
structure for the project [7].
 MyServo = 13.
3-3 Write and upload sketch to Processing
 The values for the angle and the distance measured by the sensor will be read from the
Arduino board by the Processing IDE using the SerialEvent() function which reads the data
from the Serial Port. These values will be used for drawing the lines, the detected objects and some
texts.
 For drawing the radar display we make this function drawRadar() which consist of arc()
and line() functions Fig(13)
 For drawing the moving lines we make this function drawLine(). Its center of rotation is set
with the translate() function and using the line() function in which the iAngle variable is used to
redraw the line for each degree. Fig (14).
 For drawing the detected objects we made the drawObject() function. It receives the
distance from the ultrasonic sensor, transforms it into pixels. Then, using the angle detected by the
sensor it draws the object on the radar screen Fig (15).
 To illustrate the text on the screen, we make the drawText() function that draws texts on
some particular locations. All of these functions are called in the main draw() function which is
repeated in each iteration to draw the screen details.
We are using the fill() function with 2 parameters for simulating motion blur and slow fade of the
moving line. Fig (16) shows the final appearance of the radar screen
Conclusion
Radar is normally used to determine velocity, range, and position of an object. In this
technical project, we read the distance and angles of detected objects in order to convert these
data into visual information. The performance of our project is so good. It works smoothly to
detect objects within the designed range. The screen shows the information clearly with enough
delay for the user to read it. This project could be helpful for object avoidance/ detection
applications. This project could easily be extended and could be used in any systems may need it.
References
[1] Ultrasonic Radar and Its Applications ‘MANSOOR-UL-HASSAN SIDDIQUE’ Chief

Executive Officer Digitronics Communication Pvt. Ltd DCPL Opp. Aladdin Amusement Park
Pakistan
[2] Ultrasonic RADAR/Electronic Design Lab (EE-318) Submitted by:Praveen Tamhankar
(06d07007),Piyush Mittal (06d07035), Ashutosh Singh (06d07034) Guide: Prof. Jayanta
Mukhergee.
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino
[4] http://www.elecfreaks.com/estore/
[5] Servo motor datasheet.
[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadboard.
[7] http://howtomechatronics.com/projects/arduino-radar-project

Department of Electronic Engineering: "Design of An Arduino Based Radar System"

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Department of Electronic Engineering: "Design of An Arduino Based Radar System"

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Department of Electronic Engineering: "Design of An Arduino Based Radar System"

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Department of Electronic Engineering

“Design of an Arduino Based Radar System”

Submitted to: Engr. Shadab Soomro

2-1 Arduino Board UNO Model

2-3 Ultrasonic sensors HC- SR04

 The basic principle of work. Fig (4-2)

 Wire connecting directly as following:

Fig(4-2). Work principle.

2-4 Servo Motor tower pro micro servo 9g:

 Components needed for this Project

3-1 Circuit Diagram

3-3 Write and upload sketch to Processing

[1] Ultrasonic Radar and Its Applications ‘MANSOOR-UL-HASSAN SIDDIQUE’ Chief

You might also like