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    The Aligarh Movement was a 19th century effort to establish modern education for Muslims in British India. It was centered in Aligarh and led by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, who founded the Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College in Aligarh in 1875. The movement promoted Indian Muslim renaissance and had profound impacts on Muslim religion, politics, culture and society. It indirectly led to the notion of Pakistan as a separate Muslim state by boosting Muslim identity and self-confidence in the run up to Indian independence. The document then provides details on the history of Aligarh city and the Battle of Aligarh in 1803 when the British established control over Aligarh Fort.

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    Analytical

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    The Aligarh Movement was a 19th century effort to establish modern education for Muslims in British India. It was centered in Aligarh and led by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, who founded the Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College in Aligarh in 1875. The movement promoted Indian Muslim renaissance and had profound impacts on Muslim religion, politics, culture and society. It indirectly led to the notion of Pakistan as a separate Muslim state by boosting Muslim identity and self-confidence in the run up to Indian independence. The document then provides details on the history of Aligarh city and the Battle of Aligarh in 1803 when the British established control over Aligarh Fort.

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    The Aligarh Movement was a 19th century effort to establish modern education for Muslims in British India. It was centered in Aligarh and led by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, who founded the Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College in Aligarh in 1875. The movement promoted Indian Muslim renaissance and had profound impacts on Muslim religion, politics, culture and society. It indirectly led to the notion of Pakistan as a separate Muslim state by boosting Muslim identity and self-confidence in the run up to Indian independence. The document then provides details on the history of Aligarh city and the Battle of Aligarh in 1803 when the British established control over Aligarh Fort.

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    22 views4 pages

    Analytical

    Uploaded by

    almina shah
    The Aligarh Movement was a 19th century effort to establish modern education for Muslims in British India. It was centered in Aligarh and led by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, who founded the Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College in Aligarh in 1875. The movement promoted Indian Muslim renaissance and had profound impacts on Muslim religion, politics, culture and society. It indirectly led to the notion of Pakistan as a separate Muslim state by boosting Muslim identity and self-confidence in the run up to Indian independence. The document then provides details on the history of Aligarh city and the Battle of Aligarh in 1803 when the British established control over Aligarh Fort.

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    of 4

    ALIGHAR MOVEMENT

    ALIGHAR HISTORY

    OCTOBER 4, 2019

    [Company address]
    1

    Aligarh movement
    Introduction
    The Aligarh Movement was the push to establish a modern system of education for the Muslim population
    of British India, during the later decades of the 19th century. The movement′s name derives from the fact
    that its core and origins lay in the city of Aligarh in Northern India and, in particular, with the foundation
    of the Mohammedan Anglo Oriental Collegiate School in 1875. The founder of the oriental college, and
    the other educational institutions that developed from it, was Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. He became the
    leading light of the wider Aligarh Movement.

    The educational reform established a base, and an impetus, for the wider Movement: an Indian Muslim
    renaissance that had a profound implications for the religion, the politics, the culture and society of the
    Indian sub-continent.

    One of indirect consequences of the awakening is the notion that without this revival of a Muslim self-
    consciousness and self-confidence, directly attributable to the Movement, there could or would have
    been no Pakistan Movement in the run up to Indian Independence

    Contents
    1 History

    1.1 Battle of Aligarh (1803)


    Before the 18th century, Aligarh was known as Kol. The history
    of the district up until the 12th century is obscure.
    2

    Some time before the Muslim conquest, Kol was held by the Dor Rajputs. At the time of Mahmud
    of Ghazni, the chief of the Dors was Hardatta of Baran. Statues of Buddha and other Buddhist
    remains have been found in excavations where the citadel of Koil stood, indicating a Buddhist
    influence. Hindu remains indicate that the citadel probably had a Hindu temple after the Buddhist
    temple. In 1194, Qutb-ud-din Aibak marched from Delhi to Kol, "one of the most celebrated
    fortresses of Hind". Qutb-ud-din Aibak appointed Hisam-ud-din Ulbak as the first Muslim
    governor of Kol.
    Kol is mentioned in Ibn Battuta's Rihla, when Ibn Battuta along with 15 ambassadors representing
    Ukhaantu Khan, emperor of the Mongol Chinese Yuan dynasty, travelled to Kol city en route to
    the coast at Cambay (in Gujarat) in 1341. According to Battuta, it would appear that the district
    was then in a very disturbed state since the escort of the Emperor's embassy had to assist in
    relieving Jalali from an attacking body of Hindus and lost an officer in the fight. Ibn Batuta calls
    Kol "a fine town surrounded by mango groves". From these same groves the environs of Kol
    would appear to have acquired the name Sabzabad or "the green country".

    In the reign of Akbar, Kol was made a Sirkar and included the dasturs of Marahra, Kol ba Haveli,
    Thana Farida and Akbarabad. Akbar and Jahangir visited Kol on hunting expeditions. Jahangir
    clearly mentions the forest of Kol, where he killed wolves.
    During the time of Ibrahim Lodhi, Muhammad, son of Umar, was the governor of Kol. He built a
    fort at Kol and named the city Muhammadgarh, after himself, in 1524–25. Sabit Khan, who was
    then the governor of this region, rebuilt the old Lodhi fort and named the town Sabitgarh, after
    himself.

    The ruler of Koil was Bargujar King Rao Bahadur Singh who, in 1753, rose against the destruction
    of Hindu temples. The Jat ruler, Surajmal, with help from Jai Singh of Jaipur and the Muslim army,
    occupied the fort of Koil. Bahadur Singh continued the battle from another fort and died fighting
    in what is known as the "Battle of Ghasera". It was renamed Ramgarh and finally, when a Shia
    commander, Najaf Khan, captured Kol, he gave it its present name of Aligarh. Aligarh Fort (also
    called Aligarh Qila), as it stands today, was built by French engineers under the control of French
    officers Benoît de Boigne and Perron.
    3

    1.1 Battle of Aligarh (1803)


    The Battle of Aligarh was fought on 1 September 1803 during the Second Anglo-Maratha War
    (1803–1805) at Aligarh Fort. The British 76th Regiment, now known as the Duke of
    Wellington's Regiment besieged the fort, which was under the control of the French officer
    Perron, and established British rule. In 1804, the Aligarh district was formed by the union of
    the second, third and fourth British divisions with the addition of Anupshahr from Muradabad
    and Sikandra Rao from Etawa. On 1 August 1804, Claude Russell was appointed the first
    Collector of the new district.

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