Mathematics Class 3
Mathematics Class 3
Mathematics Class 3
Book 3
Textbook in Mathematics for Class III
2019-2020
First Edition ISBN 81-7450-510-5
February 2006 Phalguna 1927
Reprinted ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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January 2012 Magha 1933 disposed of without the publisher’s consent, in any form of
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November 2017 Agrahayana 1939
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PD 400T RPS
OFFICES OF THE PUBLICATION
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Area, Phase-I, New Delhi - 110 020
2019-2020
Acknowledgements
National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) thanks the following
persons and institutions for their contribution towards this textbook. Special thanks
are due to the Centre for Science Education and Communication (CSEC), Delhi
University, for providing academic support and hosting all the textbook development
workshops. The teams were fully supported by the staff and put in tremendous
effort through long working hours even on holidays.
The Council acknowledges the advisory support of Rohit Dhankar, Director,
Digantar, Jaipur and the contributions of K. Subramaniam, Homi Bhabha Centre
for Science Education, Mumbai and Indu Dogra, Primary Teacher, M.C.D. Model
School, Seva Nagar, New Delhi. This book has drawn upon ideas from existing
materials, such as, Numeracy Counts! (National Literacy Resource Centre, Mussoorie),
Mathematics For All (Homi Babha Centre for Science Education, Mumbai) and
Mathematics: A Textbook for Class III (SCERT, Delhi).
The Council also gratefully acknowledges the contributions of Sandeep
Mishra and Shashi Vij for their voluntary technical support and of Sadiq Saeed
and Subodh Kumar, DTP Operators and Inderjeet Jairath, Proof Reader in
shaping this book.
2019-2020
Textbook Development Committee
MEMBER-COORDINATOR
Surja Kumari, Professor, Department of Elementary Education, NCERT
2019-2020
Acknowledgements
National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) thanks the following
persons and institutions for their contribution towards this textbook. Special thanks
are due to the Centre for Science Education and Communication (CSEC), Delhi
University, for providing academic support and hosting all the textbook development
workshops. The teams were fully supported by the staff and put in tremendous
effort through long working hours even on holidays.
The Council acknowledges the advisory support of Rohit Dhankar, Director,
Digantar, Jaipur and the contributions of K. Subramaniam, Homi Bhabha Centre
for Science Education, Mumbai and Indu Dogra, Primary Teacher, M.C.D. Model
School, Seva Nagar, New Delhi. This book has drawn upon ideas from existing
materials, such as, Numeracy Counts! (National Literacy Resource Centre, Mussoorie),
Mathematics For All (Homi Babha Centre for Science Education, Mumbai) and
Mathematics: A Textbook for Class III (SCERT, Delhi).
The Council also gratefully acknowledges the contributions of Sandeep
Mishra and Shashi Vij for their voluntary technical support and of Sadiq Saeed
and Subodh Kumar, DTP Operators and Inderjeet Jairath, Proof Reader in
shaping this book.
2019-2020
MATH-MAGIC
What is inside this book?
2019-2020
1 Where to Look From
Our teacher told us to draw a picture of a
car. We all drew the car differently. Next
day, when we showed our pictures to each
other, we were very excited. But Anshul
started laughing. He was looking at
Dheeraj's drawing of a car.
Anshul said — it looks like a small box
kept in a bigger one. Then Anshul
showed his drawing to Dheeraj.
Both of them drew the picture of the same
car. But the drawings look different.
Dheeraj said he had looked at the car from the terrace. Do
you think his funny drawing is right?
Have you looked at things from different
sides?
Do they look the same or different?
2019-2020
Practice Time
A. A cat is peeping into
a classroom.
Can you help her find out
where the teacher is?
B. Here are some pictures. Find out from where you have to
look to see the things this way.
C. Draw top views of a few things and ask your friends to guess
what they are.
2019-2020
Rangoli
You can also try and use the dots given below to make patterns.
Two examples have been drawn here.
2019-2020
Make Other Patterns Yourself
1. Copy these shapes on the dot grid. Note that some lines in
the shapes are straight and some are not.
2019-2020
2. Use the dot grid given below to draw your own designs and
shapes.
2019-2020
4. On the dot grid given below, draw the following:
a) a kite b) a leaf c) a flower
d) a boat e) a star f ) a pot
Note for teachers and parents: Free play with shapes on a dot grid can help develop
children's understanding of shapes and symmetries. The chapter begins with
activities to show how 2-dimensional pictures can represent 3-dimensional objects
as seen from different perspectives. This is related to symmetries, an important
aspect of shapes further developed in Chapter 5.
2019-2020
Tit for Tat
One day Amina met a painter.
2019-2020
The painter had made many such pictures in which he drew
only one half of the things. Draw the other half of these pictures
and find out what these things are. Try doing it with a mirror.
2019-2020
Mirror Halves
Look at the pictures given below. Does the dotted line divide
each picture into two similar mirror halves?
In two rectangles above, the dotted line cuts each into identical halves, but note that they are not
mirror halves?
2019-2020
Using a dotted line, can you divide the following pictures into
two similar halves?
10
2019-2020
Can you guess these letters
from their halves?
Using such letters we can also make words which have similar
halves.
11
2019-2020
Making A Mask
Take a piece
of paper.
1
Fold it along
the middle.
3
2 Cut it out
using a pair of
On one side draw scissors.
the figure.
4
5
Now open the Colour it and tie
fold and make a rubber band
the eyes, nose on its back.
etc.
Your mask is
ready.
You can make more such masks by taking help from the
following pictures.
12
2019-2020
2 Fun with Numbers
13
13
2019-2020
Dot Game
Guess the number of dots in the circle. Now count and check
your guess. Play this game with your friends by making circles.
See who can guess best.
Children need interesting exercises to help them with visual estimation of numbers – of things
arranged randomly and in symmetrical groups. Teachers could use other instances, such as
bundles of leaves sold in the market, the school assembly, designs on mats, etc. to make them
guess and estimate different numbers. In this book an ant has been used to show the child
that a guess or estimate has to be made.
14
2019-2020
Dhoni's Century
One-day match between India and South Africa in
Guwahati......., India batting first......
e
on is
n l y teh !
O e
pl this
....
9 6 . e com k at
on lh oo !
o ni ...wil nd l x
Dh ft.. ..... A us si
le .. o
ll ?. ll
ba tury arve
n m
ce ta
ha
W
Has he completed
his century?
Player 2 97
Player 3 89
Player 4 99
Numbers are understood not by reciting them in order but by making associations in familiar
contexts. Here the idea of a "century" of runs is used. Teachers could add other examples from
children's lives to think about 3-digit numbers. Encourage them to speak about large numbers
even if they cannot read or write them.
15
2019-2020
e go
w ou
99 his e ey w
r S o
te et orr
Af n lik tom
o
16
2019-2020
Top Ten Scores in the Cricket World Cup
✸ C.K. just missed his century. How many runs did he need to
make a century?
✸ and scored almost equal runs.
✸ scored a complete century, no less, no more.
✸ Most runs scored by any batsman are .
✸ and have a difference of just 1 run between
them.
✸ scored 2 more than one and a half century.
17
2019-2020
20 30 40 50 60
70
Counting in 10's
10 110 310 80
20 720
30 90
10
t
us
.
ns
!J
te
sy
in
Ea
ip
did
sk
t?
! How
o tha
you d
Wow
100
780
190 Finish
y
f ift
in y
o u n t jiff
C in a
Counting in 50's up
50
200 550
250
650
350 50
750
50
500 850
50
How far can you go like this?
What is the biggest number you can call out?
18
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Colour the Numbers
600 + 50 + 6 100 + 70 + 9 70 + 4
5 + 50 + 100 800 + 10 1 + 90 + 80
19
2019-2020
Jumping Animals
Gabru Bunny
90
99
89 91 98
97
92 100
94 107
95
102
106 Tarru
103
105
Gabru, Bunny and 104
Tarru are jumping all
the way. Gabru jumps on every 7th box, Bunny on every 5th
box, Tarru on every 4th box.
Gabru starts jumping from number 90.
Bunny starts jumping from number 99.
Tarru starts jumping from number 106.
20
2019-2020
131 132
133
130
134
129
114 135
128
115
113 136
116 126 127
112 125 137
111 117 148
147 149
138
21
2019-2020
Class, Jump!
g w ay to
Lo n
go!
22
2019-2020
Lazy Crazy Shop
This is the jungle shop. Lazy Crazy gives things only in packets
of tens, hundreds and loose items.
Find out how many packets of tens, hundreds and loose items
each animal will take. Fill in the blanks.
143
210
242
552
23
2019-2020
Lazy Crazy also has a crazy way of taking money. He takes only
out how they will pay him for what they have taken.
Rs 420
Rs 143
Rs 242
Rs 55
In this chapter several stories and exercises are used to help children understand the decimal
number system. The term 'place value', which often confuses children, has not been used at all.
Teachers could also find out about other locally used number systems, if any, especially while
working in tribal communities.
24
2019-2020
How Many are these?
rupees
sticks
blocks
100 100
10
beads
rupees
Who am I?
There is no biggest number
Take any you can find
Add me to get the next one
To count, keep me in mind.
25
2019-2020
I am Chanda Mama. I have so many friends which twinkle in the
sky. Yes, you are right! My friends are stars. One day all of
them came to my home. I started counting to see how many
friends had come. But my friends were too many. So to
remember their numbers, I did something like this —
Hello
everybody!
But I have so many, many, friends that my pockets kept getting full.
Just see how many cards I had.
26
2019-2020
All right,
everybody in a
line. We'll play a game.
Yippee!
a. 19
b. 21
c. 95
d. 201
e. 260
f. 300
g. 306
h. 344
i. 350
j. 400
27
2019-2020
When I had cards in my pocket, I knew I had counted 20
stars. Now you tell me the number of stars counted in each case.
Write the answer in the blank space.
20
??
Nice new
patterns
28
2019-2020
3 Give and Take
I am Kittu. This is my home. Isn't it huge? It has
100 rooms. Help me in painting some of the rooms.
29
2019-2020
Now try one jump up from 14.
14 + 10 = 24 .
Colour this room.
Find My Food
Try these on Kittu's home:
Hey! I have something more interesting for you.
Ma told me, there are sweets to eat in some rooms.
Help me find that room. The answers from the next page will
help you find that room. Mark them in my home.
a) 10 less than 34 is .
b) 53 – 20 =
c) 11 more than 31 is .
The 10×10 number grid is a useful aid for adding and subtracting two-digit numbers. Children
should be encouraged to try these operations mentally using the grid as often as possible.
30
2019-2020
d) 11 less than 66 is .
e) 62 + 13 =
f) 23 less than 89 is .
g) 10 and 40 more is .
h) 9 added to 28 gives .
j) Reducing 98 by 34 gives .
k) 4 and 37 more is .
31
2019-2020
E.g., 47 = 37 + 10
Is there a
37 + 9 = shortcut to
do this?
65 – 30 = Will it be easier
to go to 46 + 20
first?
= 46 + 21
Similarly how
will you do this?
= 87 – 30
66 – = 11 36 = + 9
45 + = 99 40 + = 76
+ 26 = 75 98 = + 50
– 21 = 35 57 – = 20
32
2019-2020
0
1
MAP OF AGRA
2
3
Babarpur Forest
4
Agra Fort
a
un
5
m
Ya
er
R iv
6
ri
r Sik
u Taj Mahal
To Fatehp
7
Taj
Forest
8
Agra Cantt
9
Railway Station
10
Now look at the distances between these places (for kilometres
11
we write km).
12
❖ Agra Cantt. Railway Station to Taj Mahal – 5 km
13
❖ Taj Mahal to Agra Fort – 2 km
14
❖ Agra Fort to Fatehpur Sikri – 40 km
Now find from the map
15
❖ Which is farther from Agra Cantt. Railway Station — Taj Mahal
or Fatehpur Sikri? 16
17
57
24
2019-2020
0
The Long Tail Competition
1
The animals in this picture had a
2
competition. The animal who had the
longest tail won a prize. Now who do
3
you think won the first prize and
4
who won the second....? Just guess
5
the length of the longest tail.
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Do I have
a tail?
18
19
20
21
22
23
59
24
2019-2020
Edges and Corners
Meeta and her 5 friends were playing a game. Tinku was
blindfolded and asked to keep clapping as long as he wished
while the others would move round a table. The moment Tinku
stopped clapping, everybody would stop wherever they were.
The child who was not at a corner would be out. Then she
would be blindfolded.
Raja Meeta
a) Looking at the picture given above, can you tell who is out?
b) Where is Guddu standing?
c) Can this game be played around a round table? Why?
edge edge
63
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Let Me Tell You a Story..........
Once a baby lion lost his way in the jungle. He started crying
and called out for his mother. An old deer took pity on him. He
took him to his place. But the other deer got really scared. So
did their other friends — rabbits, squirrels and birds. A lion
among us! Oh, no! He will eat up our babies. The old deer
said — don't worry. I will warn him about this. In the morning
the baby lion thanked every one and started to leave. But a
rabbit said — wait, he cannot go like this! Let us count to see if
he has done any mischief. We should be 240 in all. Let's count.
In the chapter Fun with Numbers, children would have made token cards. The same token cards
should be used for exercises in addition before children do written sums.
36
2019-2020
Let's add and find out how many deer and rabbits were
there...
Number of
Number of
37
2019-2020
Similarly we add the number of birds and number of
squirrels.
Putting all the s together
first and grouping them
Number of
Number of
Number of and
Number of and
38
2019-2020
How Many Bulbs?
1. A factory made 270 bulbs on the first day.
On the second day it made 123 bulbs.
Solution:
Bulbs made
on first day
Bulbs made on
second day
Sum
39
2019-2020
2. A shopkeeper Rafi had 153 candles. Paras gave him 237
more candles. How many candles does Rafi have now?
237 + 153 = ?
Solution:
Sum
40
2019-2020
B. Shanu found 138 pebbles.
Karim found 44 pebbles.
How many pebbles did they find
in all?
Find out:
(a) How many students in the school like oranges?
(b) How many students in the school like mangoes?
(c) Altogether, how many students are there in the school?
(d) Is the number of girls more than 350 or less than 350?
41
2019-2020
6 Fun with Give and Take
Cricket Match
In a cricket match, Sri Lanka made 235
runs. Guess...
To win India must make 236 runs. (b) less than 100 runs
Let's subtract
by first taking away s
from s
Runs to win
Runs by India –
Runs needed
So we are left with
76
2019-2020
19 - 5 6 - 15 7-3
6
-
10
Work out four different ways to write the numbers.
4 + 20
If you add all the numbers in the first
box, you will always get 59.
1 - 7
5-4
Can You Solve this Pu zzle?
Write the numbers 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6 in the circles, so that
the sum of the numbers on
each side of the figure is 12.
20 - 17 19 - 3 9 + 12 20 - 9
43
2019-2020
From fifteen s take
away seven s. Only
eight s left.
79
2019-2020
Card Game
One day Bubbly and Gopu were playing. Bubbly gave three
number cards to Gopu. He arranged the cards in two ways.
Bubbly arranged
them this way:
Isn't it interesting?
You can also play it. Here are the cards for you. Work out the
combination. Place the cards in the right boxes.
a)
50 70 20 50 20 70
_ =
_ =
b)
30 42 12 30 42 12
_ =
_ =
45
2019-2020
24
Here is your 7
arms of rope.
17
16
15
14
13
Children should be encouraged to look around and see how lengths of different things are measured
3
in different ways using local or non-standard units. For example, rope, garlands or cloth may be
sold by the cubit, handspan, fingers, etc. They also need to do activities of measuring lengths
2
46
0
2019-2020
0
1
How Many?
2
3
4
❋ In how many steps will
5
Dorji cross the road?
6
7
8
❋ How many cups can be
9
placed in a line on this
10
table?
11
12
13
❋ How many pots can be
14
placed to reach the tree
15
branch?
16
17
18
47
24
2019-2020
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8 How Much is a Centimetre (cm)?
Now, look at a scale that you find in a geometry box. How many
centimetres does it have?
2
1
48
0
2019-2020
0
The small scale that you mostly use in school is like this one.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
8
9
Is it easier to start measuring from the 0 mark? Look at the
10
things drawn near the scale and find out their lengths.
11
❋ What are the little lines on the scale used for?
12
❋ Look for things that are
❋ About 10 centimetres long
13
❋ Between 10 and 20 centimetres long
14
❋ Less than 1 cm long. Mouse! Where
15
❋ Draw some of them here. are you?
16
17
I
am
18
here.
19
20
21
22
23
49
24
2019-2020
24
23
How Big is My Hand?
Measure the length of your
22
this page.
20
little finger?
18
Bring a measuring-tape to
your class.
17
tape etc.
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
5
4
50
0
2019-2020
0
1
My measurement My friend's
measurement
2
Nose centimetres centimetres
3
Around the wrist centimetres centimetres
4
Around the head centimetres centimetres
5
Ear centimetres centimetres
6
Hand (tip of middle centimetres centimetres
7
finger to wrist)
8
0
1
9
2
Compare your measurement
3
4
5
6
7
10
with your friends'.
8
9
10
11
12
13
✒ Who has the biggest head
11
14
15
and who has the smallest
12
head? ,
13
✒ Who has the longest hand
14
(from middle finger to wrist)?
15
✒ Which is longer? Your ear or
your nose? 16
17
✒ Is any of your nails more 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
18
51
24
2019-2020
24
Gibli and the Grains
23
Ant Gibli has to reach the grains. She is looking for the shortest
22
Can you draw a road shorter than these? What is the length of
7
that road?
6
5
It is more important for children to be able to get an estimate of a metre as related to known
things, such as, their own heights, rather than do tedious exercises of converting metres to
4
centimetres, etc. Children at this stage may not be able to perceive of bigger units such as a
kilometre. They must be encouraged to speak of a kilometre in the context of a story or narrative.
3
The Map of Agra is an exercise with a narrative involving children, with familiar images (icons) to
help the initial understanding of mapping in 2 dimensions.
2
1
52
0
2019-2020
0
Take 2 metres cloth
How Long is a Metre?
1
for your kurta.
e
I want to mak
a long kurta.
2
A metre is equal to 100 centimetres
3
4
5
6
And how many
You need three
7
metres for a long
metres!
skirt for me?
8
9
10
11
12
Let Us Make a Metre-rope
13
You must have seen shopkeepers measuring cloth with a
metre rod.
14
✒ Use a metre rod and a rope.
15
✒ Make a knot at one end of the rope.
✒ Keep the metre rod with the rope. 16
17
a knot there.
19
If you don't get a metre rod use a measuring-tape and mark 100
21
53
24
2019-2020
24
23
22
Activity 1
20
1 metre 1 metre
15
Length of table – –
14
Width of table – –
13
Width of door – –
12
Length of door – –
– –
11
– –
10
– –
9
8
Activity 2
7
class.
4
54
0
2019-2020
0
Now make a chart of the heights of your friends.
1
To measure the centimetres, you can use your small scale.
2
3
Name Taller/Shorter/Equal How many centimetres more
to 1 metre or less than a metre
4
5
Shambhu Taller 4 centimetres
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Let me see if I
Yahoo! I am 4 cm
13
am also taller
more than 1 metre
than a metre
14
0
1
2
3
4
5
15
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
16
13
14
15
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
55
24
2019-2020
Think of some other things, some faster and some slower. Make
a long list.
Takes seconds
to blink my eyes to snap my fingers to gulp my medicine
Takes months
y
t i vit ly
ac n
h is ake o .
T t s
uld ute
o in
sh ew m
af
97
2019-2020
Clap! Clap! — Before you Catch
Play this game
Throw a stone into the air. Clap
once before you catch it.
Now try to clap 2 times before the
catch.
Try more claps. How many times
can you clap before you catch the
stone?
Ta Thai — Different Claps
Clap 2 times and say 1 2
Keep clapping 1 2, 1 2, 1 2, ........
or say Ta Thai, Ta Thai, Ta Thai, ........
Also stamp your feet Left Right, Left Right, Left Right,.....
Now clap with three beats 1 2 3, 1 2 3, 1 2 3, .......
Say: Ta Thai Tut, Ta Thai Tut, Ta Thai Tut, .......
Can you stamp your feet Left Right Left, Left Right Left, ......
How many of you can speak and stamp at the same time?
Find Out
Have you heard people playing a tabla
or the drums? Find out a few different
beats they play. Also ask what 'bols'
they say for the beats they play.
98
2019-2020
24
23 Match the Correct Length
Draw lines to match each picture with how long it can be.
22
21
20
19
Length of an 2 kilometres
18
earthworm
17
16
15
5 metres
14
Height
13
of a child
12
10 centimetres
11
Width of a
10
finger nail
9
8
Length of a 1 centimetre
Sari
7
6
e School
om
5
H
4
27 1 metre
Distance from home
3
25
to school
2
1
58
0
2019-2020
0
The Long Tail Competition
1
The animals in this picture had a
2
competition. The animal who had the
longest tail won a prize. Now who do
3
you think won the first prize and
4
who won the second....? Just guess
5
the length of the longest tail.
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Do I have
a tail?
18
19
20
21
22
23
59
24
2019-2020
5 Shapes and Designs
Make a Clapper
1 2
3 4
60
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Have Fun with Shapes
Colour the clown following the directions given below :
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How many triangles are there in the following figures?
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The True Story of Pedki Devi
My Time Line
My name is Pedki Devi. I live in a village in Dhanbad district
(Jharkhand). I never got a chance to go to school. I remember that
when I was 5 years old I broke my foot. I had climbed a tree to eat
the jamun fruit. But the branch broke and I fell down. My foot still
hurts in winter.
While grazing our goats we often got busy in playing. Once at the
age of 10 years I got a big scolding — I had lost one goat! At the age
of 15 years I was married. My husband was much older than me. My
first daughter was born three years after my marriage. Later I had
three more children when I was 20, 22 and 24 years old.
Time passed very fast then. I was busy with my farm, housework and
looking after my animals. But at the age of 35 years my world came
to a stop. My husband fell ill and died. His brothers tried to take
away our farm. They beat me badly and said I was a witch! Some
good people saved me. We fought a case against those who beat me
up. At the age of 40 years I saw a police station for the first time.
When I was 45 I learnt to read and write. 2 years later I got my
eldest daughter married. Now I am 50 years old. I enjoy playing
with my grandchild. Two of my children are studying in school.
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Other things have curved edges. For example:
edge
edge
Activity Time
1. Take a rectangular sheet of paper.
2. Count its corners.
3. Now fold one of its corners.
a) How many corners does it have now?
b) How many corners will you get by folding
i) 2 corners
ii) 3 corners
iii) 4 corners
c) Can you fold this paper in such a way that it has only
three corners? You are allowed only two folds.
What shape will you get?
4. Repeat the activity with a square sheet of paper.
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5. Can you fold all the corners of the square sheet in such a
way that the number of corners remains unchanged?
Look at the following table and tick ( ) the names of things
that have corners. Also count the number of edges and corners
in each of them.
Die Yes 8
Ball
Eraser
Egg
Sheet of paper
Using only straight lines, can you draw a figure which has
no corners?
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Tangram
The tangram is an old Chinese puzzle. From the pieces of the
tangram, we can make many shapes of animals, people and
things.
At the back of the book you will find a
square like the one in this figure. Cut it 2
out carefully and cut the pieces. This 3
set of five pieces is called the 5-piece
1
tangram.
Use these five pieces to make the
4
5
following figures:
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Pumpkin Tomato 'Panga '
This is the playground where tomatoes come to play every day.
They love playing on the see-saw. One day a big pumpkin comes
and sits on one side of the see-saw. When he does not get up
for a long time, the tomatoes decide to sit on the other side and
lift the pumpkin up so that he falls off.
The little tomatoes start climbing on to the other side...1, 2, 3,
4, 5 ....... 25. Huh! The pumpkin is still sitting and laughing.
So, the big tomatoes decide to help. The little ones get down
!
AY
RR
HU
'Panga' is a colloquial word which gives the sense of a problem or a quarrel. It has been used
deliberately because children can find it amusing.
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T ry making
these shapes.
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Weaving Patterns
Golu and Binu went to the market with their aunt. They saw
many rugs (durries).
So many shapes !
Wow!
Circles, triangles...
So many
See the patterns !
colours !
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Floor Patterns
Have you ever seen a floor which has designs?
Do you know how these designs are made? These designs are
made by covering the floor completely with small tiles that fit
into each other without any gaps.. For example look at the shape
of this tile and see how it fits.
See how tiles of this shape can cover the floor completely without
any gaps.
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D. Use your balance to find which of the following is heavier —
i) A water bottle or a cricket ball
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3. Complete this pattern. Compare it with the pattern on page
70 which also uses six sided shapes. What is the difference
between the two?
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Tiling Time
The patterns below are made from this tile.
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Treasure Hunt
Franke and Juhi's mummy has hidden a surprise gift for both
of them. But she wants them to find out through a treasure
hunt. She has written some instructions here. Can you help
Juhi and Franke in finding their gift?
a) Start from the tallest tree.
b) Go forward on the pathway.
c) From the sixth tile, turn left.
d) After moving a few steps again you will find a plant on your
right hand side.
e) Colour the dress of the child playing closest to this plant.
f) Start moving again from the plant.
g) On the fourth tile, turn left again.
h) On the way, you will find the corner of the fourth tile is
broken.
i) You will find a bat and a ball lying on the ground. Don't pick
them up, just circle them.
j) Move ahead and turn right.
k) You will find a mango tree. A few mangoes can be seen on
the tree. Colour 11 mangoes on the tree.
l) Also draw some grass near the mango tree and start moving
again on the pathway.
m) When you go straight, you will find a house.
n) Behind that house there is a bag. Open it and you will find
something sweet in it! Can you tell what their mother has
kept in the bag?
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Understanding of space will be facilitated if the treasure hunt worksheet is done in the class. This
task will enhance skills of children in identifying positions (up, down, front, behind), distance
(near, far), size (tall, small), corners and shapes. It will help if more such treasure hunts are given
to children as an activity.
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6 Fun with Give and Take
Cricket Match
In a cricket match, Sri Lanka made 235
runs. Guess...
To win India must make 236 runs. (b) less than 100 runs
Let's subtract
by first taking away s
from s
Runs to win
Runs by India –
Runs needed
So we are left with
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Try it Yourself
Geeta had Rs 368 in her purse.
She bought a book for Rs 123.
How much money is left in her purse?
Money left in her purse is Rs 368 – Rs 123 = ?
Guess...
Money in
Geeta's purse
Cost of book –
The teacher should discuss with students which number is to be placed above and why.
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Can You Help Nabeela?
Nabeela's mother sent her to the market to buy some things.
She gave her Rs 245. Nabeela bought 1 kg ghee for Rs 127. The
shopkeeper gave her back Rs 98.
(Kilogram is written as kg.)
Money
Nabeela had
Cost of
Ghee –
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From fifteen s take
away seven s. Only
eight s left.
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Multiplication Table of 1
one time one is 1 × 1= 1
two times one is 2 × 1= 2
three times one is 3 × =
four times one is × =
times one is × =
times one is × =
times one is × =
times one is × =
34x2 is 34 times 2
30 times 2 is 60.
So the answer is more than 60.
40 times 2 is 80.
So the answer is less than 80.
What is the answer?
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3. Reena noted the electricity meter readings of her house. Last
month's reading was 118 units. This month's reading is 193
units. How much electricity did she use in one month?
This month's reading
Last month's reading
1 9 3
–
1 1 8
1 6 5
–
1 2 5
She spent Rs
altogether.
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B. In a picnic 4 fruits were given to every student. The number
of students was 23. Find out the total number of fruits given.
Number of students in the picnic = 23
Fruits given to each student = 4
Total number of fruits = 23 × 4
23 × 4 means 23 times 4
20 times 4 is 80.
So the answer is more than 80.
The answer is also less than 100.
Can you tell why?
The activities given in this chapter are designed to develop children's conceptual understanding
of multiplication. The standard method for multiplying larger numbers may be efficient, but teaching
it too early may actually hinder learning. The method given here builds on children's growing
sense of two-digit and three-digit numbers. Children should also be encouraged to estimate the
result of the operation.
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Check Rashi's subtraction using addition. Give her a 3 for
every right answer.
3 8 4 1 4 1 4 6 8
– 2 4 3 + 2 4 3 – 1 3 9 +
1 4 1 3 8 4 2 2 1
3
3 5 6 4 6 8
– 2 4 7 + – 1 3 9 +
1 1 9 2 2 1
7 8 2 1 6 4 4
– 3 – 1 7 – 3 – 2 3 8
5 3 2 6 0 2
The teacher should encourage students to discuss and correct the wrong answers. Children love
to correct others' mistakes (for a change!) and also learn from this process.
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Let's Deliver Letters
Postman Uncle is ill today. Let's deliver the letters for him.
481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490
471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480
461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470
451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460
441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450
431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440
Write the correct room numbers on the letters. Then find the
rooms in the above building and circle them.
m
Roo
Make a circle on room 455.
430
445 Room
Room Room +15
+10 455 467
450 om
+11 Ro
–19
467
456 Room +22
436 480 Room om
–20 Ro
–9 om
8 Ro om
Ro
Room 49 3
430 –2 2 461
45 1 8
+20
+ +25
+13
m
oo
R
om
Ro
+ 1 29
410
+2 0
Room
4
426 6 Room
46 3
0
+38 +13
–3 +11
The teacher should encourage students to solve the problems mentally using the above chart.
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Find the Missing Numbers
Look at the number patterns. Write the missing numbers.
b) ? ? 400
900 800 700
d)
200 ? ? ?
300 250
e)
? 25 35 45 ? ?
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Mental Maths
45 + 35?
45 + 30 + 5?
80
– =
A. 35
+ =
45 45
80 – 30 – 5
= 50 – 5
= 45
50 50
+ =
B.
–
75
110
– =
60
C. + =
50
+ =
D.
120
– =
0 320
32
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Practice Time
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(c) How many red and grey sweaters did she sell on the first
day — more than 120 or less than 120? Tick ( 3 ) the right
answer.
(d) How many sweaters in all did she sell on the second day —
more than 140 or less than 140? Tick ( 3 ) the right answer.
5. Is Sangeeta right?
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Story Problems
Nisha and Sonu were making story problems. Nisha said —
13 boys and 14 girls in a class. Sonu, can you make a problem
on it?
You can also make story problems with your friends. Look at
each picture and the words next to it. Write your problem
below it.
A. 36 men and 52 women
waiting for their turn
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B. We have our mid-day meal in 20 minutes and play for
15 minutes.
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Count to Subtract!
Dolma bought 4 dozen (48) bananas and gave one to each of
her friends. 13 bananas were left. How many friends got a
banana?
As you know, this can be found by counting forward from 13. It
is easier to count in jumps of 10. You can also use Kittu's home
shown on page 29 to solve these problems.
48 – 13
10 10 10 5
13 23 33 43 48
10 + 10 + 10 + 5 = 35
So 48 – 13 = 35
A. 56 – 37 = ? B. 60 – 45 = ?
10 10 5 10
37 47 56 57 45 50 60
5 + 10 =
10 + 10 – 1 = So 60 – 45 =
So 56 – 37 =
70 80 90
C. 80 – 59 D. 85 – 63 =
10 10 E. 84 – 69 =
1
59 60 70 80 F. 60 – 20 =
+ + =
G. 90 – 50 =
So 80 – 59 =
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All the King's Horses....
Once there was a king who could count only up to 9. Up to
what number can you count?
The king loved horses. But he could never count all of them. He
kept them in such a way that he needed to count only up to 9
from each side.
3 3 3
3 3
3 3 3
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One day a visitor with 4 horses came there. It was getting dark
so he wanted to stay there at night. But the horse-keeper was
scared. If the king saw these extra horses he would be very
angry! The visitor said — do not worry. The king will never
know. So he arranged the horses like this:
2 5 2
5 5
2 5 2
At night the king came to count the horses. Along each side he
counted 9 horses. Ah! That's fine – he said. Then he happily
went to sleep.
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In the morning the clever visitor tried another trick. He took
out his own 4 horses. But he also ran away with some of the
king's horses. He left the king's horses standing in this way.
4 1 4
The silly king did not find
any horse missing. Can you 1 1
help him?
4 1 4
Pu zzle
What numbers are we?
If you add us both you get 100.
The difference between us is also 100.
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7 Time Goes On......
Ulta Pulta Time — This is a story with topsy turvy time.
m !
Dhu
... In two days it is on the ground ! Oh, how sad! The mango is
still not fully ripe. It needed one more year to become sweet.
Suddenly Sumana's sister calls out — Are you still not hungry? Has your stomach
clock gone to sleep? Come and eat hot upma for dinner .
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Wasn't that funny? You must have guessed that the coloured
words are wrong. Choose the correct word from the box given
below and write it next to the wrong word.
days rises seconds morning
breakfast moment minutes week
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Think of some other things, some faster and some slower. Make
a long list.
Takes seconds
to blink my eyes to snap my fingers to gulp my medicine
Takes months
y
t i vit ly
ac n
h is ake o .
T t s
uld ute
o in
sh ew m
af
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Clap! Clap! — Before you Catch
Play this game
Throw a stone into the air. Clap
once before you catch it.
Now try to clap 2 times before the
catch.
Try more claps. How many times
can you clap before you catch the
stone?
Ta Thai — Different Claps
Clap 2 times and say 1 2
Keep clapping 1 2, 1 2, 1 2, ........
or say Ta Thai, Ta Thai, Ta Thai, ........
Also stamp your feet Left Right, Left Right, Left Right,.....
Now clap with three beats 1 2 3, 1 2 3, 1 2 3, .......
Say: Ta Thai Tut, Ta Thai Tut, Ta Thai Tut, .......
Can you stamp your feet Left Right Left, Left Right Left, ......
How many of you can speak and stamp at the same time?
Find Out
Have you heard people playing a tabla
or the drums? Find out a few different
beats they play. Also ask what 'bols'
they say for the beats they play.
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Bottles and Buckets
Get a 1 litre bottle (can be
an empty bottle of water,
oil etc.). Now collect some
bottles and a mug, jug,
glass, bowl, etc. at your
house. Use the 1 litre
bottle to check which of
these holds more than 1
litre and which one holds
less than 1 litre. Make a
small drawing if you like.
Less than 1 litre More than 1 litre
Bucket 3
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Birth Certificate
Look at the birth certificate of Bincy.
Form Number 5
Government of Kerala
Birth Certificate
This is to certifiy that this information is taken from the original record of birth which is in the
register for the year of
Name
Sex
Date of birth:
Place of birth:
Name of Father:
Name of Mother:
Date of Registration:
Registration Number
Date 05.08.2002 Signature of issuing authority
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(5) How many months old was Bincy on 2 August
2002?
(6) How many years old is Bincy now?
(7) After how many months of her birth was the certificate
issued?
(8) What is the registration number of her certificate?
Find Out
When were you born?
Write your date of birth in numbers.
Do you have a birth certificate? Ask your parents and make
one for yourself.
______
Government of
Birth Certificate
This is to certifiy that this information is taken from the original record of birth which is in
the register for the year _______________ of _______________
Name
Sex
Date of birth:
Place of birth:
Name of Father:
Name of Mother:
Date of Registration:
Registration Number
Date Signature of issuing authority
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Calendar
Let us look at the calendar for the year 2018.
❊ How many months does a year have?
❊ List the months which have 30 days.
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Which Festival comes First?
Given below are some festivals we celebrate during the year.
Look at the calendar (2018) to find the days on which these fall.
Diwali November 7
Pongal January 14
Raksha Bandhan August 26
Gandhi Jayanti October 2
Milad-Ul-Nabi November 21
Onam August 25
Guru Nanak's Birthday November 23
Guru Ravidas's Birthday January 31
Christmas Day December 25
Bihu April 15
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.
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Calendar Magic
Here is the calendar for the month of February 2019.
Let us mark a square on the calendar and see some magic.
February 2019
February 2019
S M T W T F S
1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28
❊ Now look at the calendar of 2018. Also look for the present
month and draw any similar square in your notebook. Does
the magic work for these?
❊ Is this magic possible on a 10 × 10 number chart? Go to the
chapter 'Fun with Numbers' and check.
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More Magic!
March 2019
March 2019
S M T W T F S I can add five
31 1 2 numbers in the box
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 in a moment.
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
The total is
75.
That's right!
How did you do
that? Simple. Just multiply
the middle number by
5.
See if this magic works for other lines which have five numbers.
What about five numbers on a slanting line? Try this trick with
your family and friends.
Can you find other magic patterns in the calendar?
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Complete the Calendar
for August 2018
1 3
7
18
24
Find Out!
Which months in the calendar (2018) have 5
Sundays?
Is there any other day in any month which
comes 5 times?
Can there be 6 Sundays in a month? Why?
Ask such questions for the current month and also other months. Encourage students to discover
more patterns through a calendar.
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The True Story of Pedki Devi
My Time Line
My name is Pedki Devi. I live in a village in Dhanbad district
(Jharkhand). I never got a chance to go to school. I remember that
when I was 5 years old I broke my foot. I had climbed a tree to eat
the jamun fruit. But the branch broke and I fell down. My foot still
hurts in winter.
While grazing our goats we often got busy in playing. Once at the
age of 10 years I got a big scolding — I had lost one goat! At the age
of 15 years I was married. My husband was much older than me. My
first daughter was born three years after my marriage. Later I had
three more children when I was 20, 22 and 24 years old.
Time passed very fast then. I was busy with my farm, housework and
looking after my animals. But at the age of 35 years my world came
to a stop. My husband fell ill and died. His brothers tried to take
away our farm. They beat me badly and said I was a witch! Some
good people saved me. We fought a case against those who beat me
up. At the age of 40 years I saw a police station for the first time.
When I was 45 I learnt to read and write. 2 years later I got my
eldest daughter married. Now I am 50 years old. I enjoy playing
with my grandchild. Two of my children are studying in school.
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Some things that happened in her life are given below. Mark
these on her time line. For example, when she was 5 years old
Pedki broke her foot. A is marked at 5 on the time line.
A. Broke her foot
B. Lost one goat
C. Got married
D. Had her fourth child
E. First saw a police station
F. Learnt to read and write
G. Eldest daughter got married
5 10 20 30 40 50
Age in years
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Age in years
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One Day in the Life of Kusum
Let's see what Kusum does every day.
Write down the time for each picture.
For some pictures the time is already written and you must
draw the hands on the clock. In others you have to write the
time shown by the clock.
At six -thirty in
the morning
At eight o'clock
She goes to school.
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h
Mat ic
Mag
1 o'clock in the
afternoon
Five-thirty in
the evening
9 o'clock
at night
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Now prepare a chart showing your own daily routine.
Time of the day
In words On the clock What do you do at this time?
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8 Who is Heavier?
Gur (jaggery) and Groundnuts
Shabnam loved to eat jaggery (gur) and groundnuts.
One day she bought 1 kg of jaggery and 1 kg of groundnuts.
(You know that kilogram is also written as kg.)
❊ Are the groundnuts really more than the jaggery (gur) in weight
or do they just look more?
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Pumpkin Tomato 'Panga '
This is the playground where tomatoes come to play every day.
They love playing on the see-saw. One day a big pumpkin comes
and sits on one side of the see-saw. When he does not get up
for a long time, the tomatoes decide to sit on the other side and
lift the pumpkin up so that he falls off.
The little tomatoes start climbing on to the other side...1, 2, 3,
4, 5 ....... 25. Huh! The pumpkin is still sitting and laughing.
So, the big tomatoes decide to help. The little ones get down
!
AY
RR
HU
'Panga' is a colloquial word which gives the sense of a problem or a quarrel. It has been used
deliberately because children can find it amusing.
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❊ How many small tomatoes do you
think could lift the pumpkin up?
Guess
- Ten
- Twenty
- Forty
Now guess:
❊ How many books can you lift on one hand keeping your arm
straight?
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Double her Weight
Kunjamma's parents have a different way of celebrating
Independence Day because Kunjamma was born that day. They
buy sweets double of Kunjamma's weight and distribute them
among poor people.
At birth 3 kg 3 + 3 = 6 kg
1 year old 9 kg
3 years old 17 kg
4 years old
5 years old 28 kg
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Yum-yum Rice
Shugoto heard about a new dish on the radio. He wants to try
making it. When he notes down how to make it, he gets confused.
This is what he notes down —
(1) Pour 2 spoons of water in the pot
(2) Boil the water and add
- 1 pinch of daal
- half kg red chilli powder
- 1 bowl salt
(3) Now put a spoon of rice
(4) Add 2 peas and 8 glasses of mustard seeds
(5) Finally add 1 kg of onions
Mix everything and boil for 15 minutes.
But Shugoto feels there is something VERY wrong in the
amounts of everything!!!
❊ Help him match the things with their right amounts.
1 kg rice
half kg daal
peas
water
onions
salt
mustard seeds
red chilli powder
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Activity Time
A. Make a list of things bought at your home. Find out how
much of each thing is bought at one time. These things can
be rice, oil, chilli powder, sugar, milk, onions, ginger, etc.
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B. Guess their weights and
match.
10 kg 400 kg
Less than 1 kg
More than 1000 kg
80 kg 2 kg
iii) A brick
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D. Use your balance to find which of the following is heavier —
i) A water bottle or a cricket ball
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Look for Weights and Balances
Make a trip to your nearest junk dealer, vegetable shop and
grocery shop. Have a look at the weights they use. Find out:
i) Who uses the biggest weight?
ii) Who uses the smallest weight?
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9 How Many Times?
Leggy Animals
There are 5 goats.
How many legs altogether?
4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 20
or 5 times 4 is 20
or 5 × 4 = 20
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Find the Number without Counting
How many flowers in a flower bed?
It has 4 columns. Each column has 6
flowers. So altogether the flower bed
has 4 times 6 flowers,
6 + 6 + 6 + 6 = 24 or
4 × 6 = 24
times = bottles
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Practice Time
A. Rewrite using the + sign.
2 × 5 is 2 times 5 or 5+5
4 × 18 is 4 times or + + +
3 × 20 is times or + +
8 × 9 is times or + + +
+ + + +
3+3+3+3+3 = 5 × =
30 + 30 + 30 = × =
7+7+7+7+7+7 = × =
12 + 12 + 12 + 12 = × 12 =
6+6+6 = × =
10 + 10 + 10 + 10 = × =
2+2+2+2+2 = × =
6+6+6+6+6+6+6 = × =
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C. Ramu bought 4 packets of biscuits.
Each packet has 4 biscuits. How many
biscuits did Ramu buy?
After children attempt word problems, there should be a discussion on how they arrived at their
answers. This will help children develop a conceptual understanding of multiplication.
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How Many Times 2?
1 time 2 is 2 or 1 × 2 =2
2 times 2 is 4 or 2 × 2 =4
3 times 2 is 6 or 3 × 2 =6
4 times 2 is or 4 × 2 =
5 times 2 is or 5 × 2 =
6 times 2 is or 6 × 2 =
times 2 is or ×2 =
times is or 8 × 2 =
times is or 9 × 2 =
times is or 10 × 2 =
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Jump with Me
1×3
2×3
3×3
4×3
5×3
6×3
7×3
8×3
9×3
10 × 3
11 × 3
12 × 3
13 × 3
14 × 3
15 × 3
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Show jumps with 4 steps
2×4
1×4 3×4
4×4
5×4
6×4 7×4
8×4 9×4
10 × 4 11 × 4 12 × 4
13 × 4
14 × 4 15 × 4
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Try jumps with seven steps
1×7
2×7
3×7
4×7
5×7
10 × 7 11 × 7 12 × 7 13 × 7 14 × 7 15 × 7
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Stick Play
Mithu had some sticks. She
arranged them like this:
1 time 5= 5
2 times 5 = 10
3 times 5 = 15
4 times 5 = 20
Then she counted how many
times the sticks were crossing each other. She found that
4 times 5 = 4 × 5 = 20
Let's try making a 2 times table with sticks:
1× 2 = 2
2× 2 = 4
3× 2 = 6
4× 2 =
5× 2 =
6× 2 =
7× 2 =
8× 2 =
9× 2 =
10 × 2 =
Children can be given 16 and 24 sticks to arrange and encouraged to try different arrangements
like 4 × 4, 2 × 8, 8 × 2 for 16 sticks and 12 × 2, 8 × 3, 4 × 6, 6 × 4, 3 × 8, 2 × 12 for 24 sticks.
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Now draw sticks to make the
multiplication table of 6:
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5 toys cost rupees.
Practice Time
A. Complete the following:
2×7 = 3×9 =
4×9 = 5×2 =
5×8 = 3 × 10 =
10 × 6 = 2×8 =
5×9 = 10 × 8 =
B. Look at the patterns and complete them.
3, 6, 9, , , .
2, 4, 6, , , .
10, 20, 30, , , .
4, 8, 12, , , .
5, 10, 15, , , .
30, 60, 90, , , .
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C. Complete the multiplication tree
80
8×10 16×5
4×20 1×80
2×40
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D. How many in all?
Z The almirah has 4 shelves.
There are 5 books in each shelf.
How many books are in the
almirah?
4 × 5 = 20 books
D 3 × = D ×6 = 36
D × = 42 D 10 × =
D 5 × = 40 D ×9 = 36
D × = 54 D ×7 = 28
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Multiplication Table of 1
one time one is 1 × 1= 1
two times one is 2 × 1= 2
three times one is 3 × =
four times one is × =
times one is × =
times one is × =
times one is × =
times one is × =
34x2 is 34 times 2
30 times 2 is 60.
So the answer is more than 60.
40 times 2 is 80.
So the answer is less than 80.
What is the answer?
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How can we
I know!
find 34 times
2?
Bharti wrote
What's 30 4
this? 2
See, 34 is 30
and 4. Right?
60
30 times 2 is
is 8.
and 4 times 2
Wow! That's
smart.
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B. In a picnic 4 fruits were given to every student. The number
of students was 23. Find out the total number of fruits given.
Number of students in the picnic = 23
Fruits given to each student = 4
Total number of fruits = 23 × 4
23 × 4 means 23 times 4
20 times 4 is 80.
So the answer is more than 80.
The answer is also less than 100.
Can you tell why?
The activities given in this chapter are designed to develop children's conceptual understanding
of multiplication. The standard method for multiplying larger numbers may be efficient, but teaching
it too early may actually hinder learning. The method given here builds on children's growing
sense of two-digit and three-digit numbers. Children should also be encouraged to estimate the
result of the operation.
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Practice Time
A. Multiply:
D 22 × 3 =
D 43 × 2 =
D 21 × 4 =
D 24 × 2 =
D 11 × 5 =
D 30 × 5 =
D 20 × 4 =
D 23 × 9 =
D 26 × 4 =
D 38 × 2 =
D 25 × 3 =
D 24 × 5 =
D 35 × 3 =
D 48 × 4 =
D 32 × 5 =
D 58 × 2 =
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Z A design has 3 flowers in it. A piece of cloth has 17 such
designs. How many flowers will be on the cloth?
So 23 dozen bananas is
23 × 12 bananas.
We can do it in
How to find
the same way...
23 × 12?
Bharti wrote
20 3
23 is 20 and 3. And 12
is 10 and 2. 10
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Next Bharti wrote
20 3
20 × 10 3 × 10
10 200 30
20 × 2 3×2
2
40 6
That's correct.
23 × 12 = 276
Guess the
Now try doing 43 × 13
answer first.
43 is 40 and 3
13 is 10 and 3
40 3
We write the numbers
40 × 10 3 × 10
in the boxes as shown. 10
400 30
40 × 3 3×3
3
120 9
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Add the numbers in the boxes:
400
120
30
+ 9
559
So 43 × 13 = 559
Practice Time
First guess the answer and then check it by calculating :
42 × 23 = 73 × 11 =
51 × 13 = 54 × 12 =
25 × 36 = 12 × 14 =
Multiplication Patterns
A. 9 × 1 = 9
9 × 2 = 18 1 + 8 = 9
9 × 3 = 27 2 + 7 = 9
9 × 4 = 36 3 + 6 = 9
9 × 5 = 45 4 + 5 = 9
9 × = + =
9 × = + =
9 × 8 = + =
Did you see the pattern in the 9 times table? What numbers are
adding up to 9?
Observing patterns in multiplication tables deepens the understanding of the number system.
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B. Complete the grid by multiplying the numbers
× 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
3 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3
4 6 8
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C. Z Mark the numbers 1–10 in the same grid in one colour.
Z Mark the numbers 12–20 in another colour.
Z Similarly mark 21–30 in a third colour.
Do you see any colour pattern?
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10 Play with Patterns
Patterns Around Us
In everyday life, we see many patterns.
For example, we see:
Barbed wire
Grills of a window
A snake
Look around you and list three things in which you find some
pattern.
Draw some patterns which you have found around yourself.
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Hello! I am Pallavi. I live in Jaipur. My city is
known for clothes with block prints. Have a
look at some of the block print designs made
by my mother.
She makes these designs by using blocks again and again. One day I got hold of
the blocks and made a beautiful design.
You will see that these designs have been made by using the
same block in different ways.
Can you see a pattern in the way each block is repeated?
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.
Pictures in a
I have made some
Pattern
patterns of pictures. I
have used a rule for
each pattern.
Practice Time
◆ Given below are some patterns.
Figure out the rule for each and continue the pattern.
a)
b)
AABAAB
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c)
d)
e)
Growing Patterns
I have made a
new pattern.
So what? It
does have a
rule.
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Try these also.
My Own Patterns
◆ Here is your space to make your own patterns:
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
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Number Patterns
We have made some patterns with pictures. We can make
patterns with numbers too. Like 21, 41, 61, 81, 101, ...........
c) 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, , ,
a) 1, 3, 6, 10, , , , ,
b) 0, 2, 6, 12, , , , ,
c) 1, 3, 7, 13, , , , ,
d) 2, 3, 6, 11, 18, , , , ,
This chapter helps children observe and understand patterns around them. They can be given
more examples of repeating or growing patterns to recognise the motif or basic unit which
generates the patterns. Making secret messages or codes also helps pattern recognition. As
their algebraic thinking develops, they will realise that the pattern created by the rule boy boy
girl is the same as A A B or ↑↑↓
↑↑↓. Some interesting and important number patterns that relate
to mathematical operations are given.
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Secret Messages
Amrita and Paritosh are writing secret messages.
1I2L3O4V5E6Y7O8U
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Even and Odd Number Patterns
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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All numbers that end with 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9 are called odd numbers.
Write all odd numbers between 400 and 410.
Names in an Order
Adil has to arrange this list so that the names starting with A
come first and then come those with B, C, D and so on. Number
these names in the order in which they will come.
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11 Jugs and Mugs
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Some others like , , ask for
more than one glass.
Now the trouble begins !!!
There are some big guests who go on gulping down glass after
glass...!
Bunny wants to guess who drank how much.
Help him fill the table. Have fun!
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Bottles and Buckets
Get a 1 litre bottle (can be
an empty bottle of water,
oil etc.). Now collect some
bottles and a mug, jug,
glass, bowl, etc. at your
house. Use the 1 litre
bottle to check which of
these holds more than 1
litre and which one holds
less than 1 litre. Make a
small drawing if you like.
Less than 1 litre More than 1 litre
Bucket 3
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Match the Right Pairs
Come on, guess!
About 12 litres
(water tank)
About 5 litres
(bucket)
1000 litres
(eye drops bottle)
½ litre
(water suraahi)
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Whose Jug Holds More?
What are Naima and Jeetu doing?
If Naima pours one glass of water in her jug, it looks like this:
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Filling Pots
Naseem and Abdul had to fill their pots each with water. Both
pots were equally big and heavy. So they went to the tap again
and again, filled their own bottles and poured water into the
pots.
Naseem had to fill her bottle 16 times from the tap. But Abdul
had to fill his bottle only 8 times.
❈ Why did Naseem go more times than Abdul?
❈ Naseem's bottle can hold (twice/half/three
times) as much water as Abdul's bottle.
How Many Glasses?
A B
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Filling Potholes
This is a small town near Kohima. There are some potholes in
the road. Before the rains come, children want to fill the holes
with pebbles. They bring pebbles in mugs of the same size.
Hole A gets filled with 9 mugs of pebbles.
Hole B gets filled with 18 mugs of pebbles.
Hole C gets filled with 12 mugs of pebbles.
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12 Can We Share?
How Many in Each Group?
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u There are caterpillars.
They are in groups.
There are caterpillars in each group.
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u Draw 18 stars.
Put them into 2 equal groups.
u Draw 18 beads.
Put them into 3 equal groups.
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Share the Grains
Each baby has got 2 grains now. How many grains are
left?
She puts one more grain in each baby’s mouth.
All the grains are finished.
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Try These Now.......
u Gopu has 3 plates of jalebis.
Each plate has a different number of jalebis.
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Sharing them Equally
u Here are six bananas.
6÷3=2
6÷2=3
Give children the experience of sharing things equally and writing corresponding division statements.
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If there are 60 bananas and
What if there are
two monkeys, how many will
600 bananas and
each monkey get?
two monkeys?
bananas.
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How Many Shelves?
I have 20 books. I can keep 5 books in one
shelf, so how many shelves do I need in
my almirah?
On this and the following page, division is done by making equal groups. For instance, here
equal groups of 5 books each have been made. This process is different from sharing them
equally (by distributing them into 4 shelves).
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u Now let us try this.
Here are 28 buttons.
28 ÷ 4 = 7
If there are 28 buttons, and the tailor puts 7 buttons on
each shirt, there will be shirts with buttons.
28 ÷ 7 =
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Practice Time
1. Minku puts her 15 laddoos equally into 5 boxes.
÷5=
Each monkey has bananas.
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3. Share 12 balloons among 3 boys. How many balloons for
each boy?
÷ =
Each boy has balloons.
4. There are 21 candles. Put them equally in 3 boxes. How
many candles are there in each box?
÷ =
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5. There are 18 socks.
How many girls can wear these socks?
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8. Some girls are playing a game with both their hands.
The girls who are playing have 60 fingers altogether.
How many girls are playing this game?
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Jumpy Animals
A kangaroo jumps
30 steps.
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0
1
2
3
4
5
16
15
14
17 6
13
18
12
7
11
19
8
10
9
20
21
3. Which number will the kangaroo
22 reach in two jumps?
, ,
24
5. Will the rabbit ever be at the number
25 18?
26 6. How many jumps of the rabbit equal
one jump of the horse?
27
7. How many jumps of the horse equals
28 two jumps of the kangaroo?
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How Quick Are You?
u Divide into groups of 2 using 2 times table.
Hint:
18 ÷ 2 = 9 2 × 9 = 18
18 ÷ 9 = 2
16 ÷ 2 =
20 ÷ 2 =
÷2 = 7
÷ 2 = 10
8 ÷ = 4
÷2 = 5
15 ÷ 5 = 40 ÷ 10 =
40 ÷ = 8 50 ÷ 10 =
20 ÷ 5 = 40 ÷ = 4
÷ 5 = 6 ÷ 10 = 8
25 ÷ 5 = ÷ 10 = 5
÷ 5 = 3 ÷ 10 = 3
35 ÷ 5 = ÷ 10 = 2
÷ 5 = 2 60 ÷ = 6
Encourage children to explore the use of multiplication facts for division through mental computation.
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u Try these.
4 ÷ = 2 9 ÷ 3 =
14 ÷ 7 = 18 ÷ 9 =
6 ÷ 3 = ÷2 = 5
÷ 2 = 7 20 ÷ 5 =
÷ 2 = 3 12 ÷ 4 =
15 ÷ 3 = 20 ÷ 4 =
8 ÷ 4 = 12 ÷ = 2
15 ÷ 5 =
8 ÷ = 4
÷ 2 = 8
Pu zzle
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13 Smart Charts!
Orange
Purple
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Draw the right flower. Write how many there are.
a) are the most in number. How many? .
b) are the least in number. How many? .
c) are more than
d) are more than
This chapter is an early introduction to data handling, an important area of mathematics. By the
end of primary school, children need to be able to collect and record data, to present it in the form
of bar charts and tables, to recognise patterns in the data and to draw inferences.Teachers can
take several interesting and even funny examples from chilldren's own experiences. Pictures
given here could also be used for different classification exercises, such as the number of petals
of flowers.
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t Way of Travel How many
h or se withou
Can a me in t
his
e r c o
a rid hart?
Walking (people)
smart c
Bicycles
Scooters
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k Throw a die.
k Look at the number of dots you get on the face of your die.
k For each throw draw a mark / in front of that number in
the table.
k Throw the die 30 times and mark in the table each time.
For example, Rabia threw her die 30 times. She got five
times. In her table she marked: /////
a) Which face of the die did you get the most number of times?
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Find out from People Around You
1. Talk to people around you about their favourite sweets.
Fill in the table:
Favourite Number
sweet of
people
Jalebi
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2. Ask your friends about the number of people living in their
homes. Fill in the table.
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3. What have your classmates brought for lunch today? Find
out and note down.
Number of
Food item
students
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Getting Smart with Charts
Attendance Board
Date 8/2/2007
Class I 27 25 2
Class II 23 22 1
Class III 24 21 3
Class IV 22 18 4
Class V 25 23 2
Total
Class I
Class II
Class III
Class IV
Class V
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Now look at the chart and fill in the blanks:
a) The class with the highest number of absent students is
.
b) The class with the least number of absent students is
.
c) The class with 3 students absent is .
d) The number of students absent in Class IV and Class V are
and .
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Rohan, Jacob and Geeta also measured their hands. They stuck
their strips as shown.
Length of hand
Jacob 10 cm
Rohan 8 cm
Geeta 9 cm
Rohan Geeta Jacob
Names of students
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Children coming to School
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Fill in the blanks:
a) The most students come to school by .
b) The number of students walking to school is
(more/less) than the students coming on bicycle.
c) The least students come to school by .
Practice Time
Make your own smart charts about things around you.
Like —
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A Vegetable You do not Like!
Use this table to draw faces in the chart below. Draw for
each child on top of the vegetable disliked.
k The most disliked vegetable is .
k The vegetable disliked by very few children is .
Number of students
Vegetable disliked
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14 Rupees and Paise
Let's Make a
Money Purse
ted a
I have collec
ut I
lot of coins. B
purse.
don't have a
C E
❉ Place the front side of the sheet
up and fold the edges CD and EF
to meet at the dotted line.
D F
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❉ Fold down the top along the dotted line so that the figure
now looks like this:
❉ Fold the back flap down and the money purse is ready!
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Now make notes by cutting paper and writing the value of the
note on each.
Money Game
★ Use notes and coins to show the following amounts of money
(you can also keep some money in the purse you had made).
– Twenty-six rupees
– 4 rupees 75 paise
– 78 rupees
– 130 rupees
– 8 rupees 75 paise
– 53 rupees
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Shopping
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B. Find out the total cost of:
❋ One toy giraffe, one copy and a glass of lemon juice Rs
❋ One glass of milk, one packet of biscuits and a banana
Rs
❋ One notebook, two pencils and two erasers
❋ Two tops, three toffees and two bananas
C. What can you buy if you have a twenty-rupee note?
❋ 1 toy car, 1 lemon juice, 1 banana
❋ , ,
❋ , ,
❋ , ,
❋ , ,
Cash Memo
Total
D. You need to make a cash memo for the things you bought.
Before adding, first guess how much money will be needed.
Then find the total and check your guess.
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Monu prepared the following cash memos:
Check the cash memos and correct them if you find a mistake.
Cash Memo Cash Memo Cash Memo
3 Pencils 2.50 7 50
3 Pencils 2.50 7 50 3 Glass milk 3.50 10 00
7 Toffees .50 3 50
5 Toffees 2 50 4 Notebooks 5 20 50
1 Biscuit 4.50 4 50
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❋ Three notebooks, two pencils and two erasers.
Total cost . Money left .
Practice Time
A. Three friends wanted to buy a
cricket bat and ball.
Bina had Rs 48.50, Raman
had Rs 55.50 and Venu had
Rs 38.00. How much money
did they have in all?
C. Gita and her friends went shopping. She bought things for
Rs 58, Rs 37 and Rs 22. Gita had a hundred-rupee note.
How much money should she borrow from her friends to pay
the bill?
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D. Mumbai News
Children Freed from Factory
10 young children working in a
bangle factory were set free today.
A news reporter and the police
found them in a sad condition. The
factory made the children work
very hard. It paid them only Rs 80
a day.
The children are happy to go back
to their homes in their village. They
will go to a special school so that
they can learn to study like other
children their age. By making children work, the factory tries to
save money. The police will now take action.
Find Out
In your area are there shops or factories
where young children are made to work?
Talk to some of these children.
How much are they paid there?
Understanding of 'money' need not only be about buying or selling. Teachers can talk
about children's experiences of related issues, such as, wage and work etc.
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Train Journey
This train goes from New Jalpaiguri
to Guwahati. On its way, it stops at
New Mal, Alipurduar and Goalpara
stations.
The cost of a rail ticket to different
stations is given in the table.
495 km
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Find the distance:
a) From New Mal to Guwahati
b) Between New Mal and Goalpara
c) From Alipurduar to Guwahati
d) Between New Mal and Alipurduar
e) From Goalpara to Guwahati
Find the cost of tickets:
a) Bhupen is going from New Jalpaiguri to Alipurduar.
What is the cost of his ticket?
b) Indira has to go from New Jalpaiguri to Goalpara.
How much does she pay for the ticket?
c) Debu, Shoma and Gobind are going from New Jalpaiguri to
New Mal. What amount will they pay for three tickets?
They give a Rs 50 note for the tickets. How much money will
they get back?
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A Page to Cut Out
1 5
2
3 4
1 3 7
4 2
5 6
Money
Play
Play Play
Money Money
Play
Money
Money
Play
Play
Money
Play
Money
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