Effect of Class Size in The Academic Performance of Senior High School Stem Students in Phinma-University of Pangasinan
Effect of Class Size in The Academic Performance of Senior High School Stem Students in Phinma-University of Pangasinan
Effect of Class Size in The Academic Performance of Senior High School Stem Students in Phinma-University of Pangasinan
PANGASINAN
PRACTICAL REASEARCH 2
(APP 006)
Leader:
Llusala, Hyacinth R.
Members:
Escleto, Keziah Mae C.
Cruz, Jade Ann C.
Reside, Matthew Roel C.
Makipagay, Christine DG.
Francisco, Ralph Menard F.
Baldueza, Dhenzthier F.
Vallo, Jumar V.
Gomez, Reden
Maningding, Ma. Kyla Amabelle A.
Cuison, Christian Jake D.
Baligod, George
Gallardo, Efren D.
(2018-2019)
1
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
problem and purposes. In this chapter it also shows how the research
school administrators, and policy makers are the smaller class sizes
of studies have found support for the importance of class size on student
achievement, others strongly refute this claim concluding that class size
as achievement, are: 1) class size itself often not directly observe but
level. 2) Many data sets use to analyze this question are cross-sectional
and thus don’t allow one to control for fixed students, teacher, class or
outcome equation.
2
students in UPang. The researches chose this topic because they think
increasing. The research will help the University to know how the effect
students in classrooms. The students will affect their grades. They will
get low scores on test. This disadvantage has impact in student’s ability
population?
3
5. What advantages does small size have?
academic strand, the research will help the university to know the effect
this might give a big impact to their academic performance. This student
could have the disadvantage, relative those students in other district that
has a smaller class size they not might acquire as much knowledge and
increasing class size in using the money on program and activities that
Students- The research will help the students to know what the
4
Teachers- The result of the study will serve as Guide for SHS
students
Research Hypothesis
Ha- The class size has a significant effect of class size in academic
of Pangasinan.
Ho- The class size has no significant effect of class size in academic
of Pangasinan.
school year 2018-2019. The respondents will be random chosen for the
study. The research will be limited for STEM Senior High School student.
5
Conceptual Framework
Figure 1
Input
1) The related studies that can be
use in conducting study
2) Applying the methods and
procedure of the study .
3) Manipulate/Removing knowledge
that are not related in the study
4) Preparation of the study to be
relevant
Process
1) Searching all the possible
informatiion that are needed
2) Conductiing the research using
related studied and literature.
3) Gathering data by conducting survey.
4) Explaning words that are used.
Output
1) Right and and sutisfying gathering
data has been done in the servey.
2) reading the aim of the researchers.
3) Organized and well oriented research
study.
4) appropriate terms of definition of
words.
5) The results are accepted by the
researchers and to the fellow.
6
The Figure 1 (description) shows that:
Input
study. Apply the methods and process that proves the research study.
Process
and explaining of words that are being used in the study. Recognizing
Output
solution/s related to the given problem/s only. The main point of the
data that is done in the survey is right and appropriate. Reached the aim
7
Definition of Terms
or society.
variation or variety.
significantly for at least six months. That means there's a drop in the
experiment.
8
Chapter II
LITERATURE
Foreign
and student load with student outcomes are found conditional on faculty
analysis above reveals that class size and student load primarily
students find beneficial and helpful in learning. For example, large class
sizes and higher student loads are correlated with less critical and
9
assessments. Reducing class sizes will help to improve student
outcomes, but ignores the impact that student load plays in how faculty
structures their courses. Reducing class sizes and the total number of
learning and how much students get out of a course suffer when class
size and student loads increase. Policies designed to reduce class sizes in
the impact these policies may have on student load and the equally
class sizes is one method that some previous research has suggested as
research was needed regarding the relationship between class size and
10
classrooms. The study found a positive relationship between class size
and academic achievement when all class sizes were included in the
sample. When all class size data was included, higher mean reading and
academic achievement when all class sizes were included due to the fact
that the smaller classes in the study were mainly comprised of students
identified as being at-risk of not passing the CRCT. The findings of this
that teachers support small classes because they feel small classes allow
Conclusion
class size to the students. Yet in some countries, they can maintain the
average class size and if the average class size exceeds, they will find a
11
way seeing the academic performance of the students will not be affected.
It also shows that it is viable for the adverse effect of class size to not
the students.
Local
Sunga (2016). The standard class size for public schools in elementary
efforts to reduce class size and its benefits to students. “Class size
effort to stand in its way,” the report said. The benefits of smaller class
size — for both students and teachers — are abundantly clear. Research
12
has shown that class size reduction in the early grades with a qualified
the benefits are greatest for disadvantaged and minority students. What
math when class size is reduced to 15-20 students. Smaller classes lead
classes increase from year to year, both in the early grades when classes
are small and in subsequent years when students are placed in larger
classes. At the end of fifth grade, students who were in small classes in
grades one through three were about half a school year (5 months) ahead
math, and science. Students from small classes were found to be making
better grades in high school and taking more advanced courses. Teachers
benefit too. Teachers spend more time on instruction and less time on
discipline problems. Teachers say they know their students better, know
where each child is in the learning process, and can provide more
rewarding.
13
The benefits of reduced class size in the early grades go beyond the
Conclusion
students per classroom which isn't surprising. The ability if the students
14
STUDIES
Foreign
lessons at home so that a child can ask their parents to clarify particular
concepts that they were unable to understand (Horvat & Baugh, 2015).
Rodriguez and Elbaum (2014) proved this in their study where it showed
primarily studied on their own and those that were being taught by their
parents. Defining the Problem centers on where should the line is drawn
in some cases they take this too far and start doing the school projects
child from actually learning how to solve problems on their own and can
justify this action by stating that by taking a more direct role in assisting
their children with their assignments and projects, this ensures that
their kids would get good grades that would help in improving their
15
future prospective (Shiffman, 2011). Admittedly, these parents do have a
point that grades are important when it comes to applying for future
child in this manner creates a level of dependency that would delay them
child's project to help them get a better grade or allowing them to make
nourished. Both options have pros and cons when it comes to their
potential long-term outcomes and each can radically impact how a child
resolution between the two possible outcomes since both have their own
individual merits that could greatly benefit a child, at least from the
perspective of a parent.
16
Local
three possible solutions that can be followed for this case example: a.)
parent realizes that they need to directly assist their child in their project
so that they will get a good grade. As such, they will directly interfere in
how the child approaches the creation of the project, explain what must
be done to get a good result, and help the child achieve this outcome
through direct interaction with the project materials. b.) The Parent lets
their Child Continue on their own - in this scenario the parent realizes
the need for their child to learn how to be independent and the necessity
of learning from their own mistakes. While the child will get a lower grade
for the project, they will at least learn from the experience and take more
scenario, the parent will only provide guidance and not interfere in how
the project turns out. They would go over the project instructions and
inform their child that some points were missed and that they should be
included so that they will receive a full grade. At this stage, they will
advise their child on what they could potentially do and why it would
work but would leave its creation and the decision-making process on
17
CHAPTER III
gather the necessary data and information that will be used in the entire
focus of the research study. This also shows the procedure of the data
collection and instruments used these chapter also discuss the sampling
LOCALE OF STUDY
the study. Subjects are persons investigated in the study. Wherein the
18
information needed in the study, effect of class size on academic
in the survey they will answer those questions that related to how does
class size affect the academic performance of the Senior High School
classroom of those Senior high school STEM students that chosen by the
The research design that the researcher used is the descriptive research
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
The population for this study was Senior High School STEM Student of
gathering of data for this study was restricted to the class size per room.
19
study. Our practical research teacher gave us the consent to conduct
this research.
suggests that “there are no hard and fast rules for sample size in
purpose of the inquiry, and what can be done with the available time and
resources”.
Aside from that, it is easy to get the percentage of the answers of the
𝒇
respondent, because the researchers use the formula of P = 𝒏 × 100 where
the result of symbols that have been used are the P for percentage, and f
for the number of the respondents and letter n for the total numbers of
the respondents.
20
To this end we selected simple random sampling and use of the case
representation of a group.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
gather the needed data for the student's profile. The draft of the
participate in the survey they will answer those questions that related to
how does class size affect the academic performance of the Senior High
21
PROCEDURE OF GATHERING DATA
The researchers made a letter for the approval to conduct the study at
University of Pangasinan.
After collecting all the data the researchers, with the help of the
statistician tabulated and tallied the survey. The result would hopefully
be the basis for the Effects of Class size on the academic performance of
Pangasinan.
STATISTICAL INSTRUMENTS
22
differences in students’ background, academic abilities, academic effort,
personal characteristics.
Where:
above average)
University of Pangasinan.
23
CHAPTER IV
research questions that is guided by the study. The data were analyzed
Pangasinan.
24
Table 1
Graph 1
What strategies will the teacher need?
100
90
80
70
60
50
41
38
40
30
20 17
10 4
0
DEMONSTRATION LECTURE DISCUSSION OTHERS
one (41) students answered Discussion which has the highest number,
25
Table 2
GRAPH 2
What consequences will the students face in having large class?
100
90
80
70
60
51
50
40 36
30
20
8
10 5
0
FEELING COMPETITIVE LOW PERFORMANCE LOW TEST SCORE OTHERS
This Graph 2 shows that in one hundred respondents (100), fifty one (51)
students answered Feeling Competitive which has the highest number, thirty
six (36) students answered Low Performance, five (5) students answered Low
Test Score, and eight (8) students answered Others which specified as Lack of
Orientation and Neglect. This means that fifty one (51) students feel
26
Table 3
GRAPH 3
What class do you prefer?
100
90
80
70 66
60
50
40
30
20 17 15
10
2
0
30-40 STUDENTS 40-45 STUDENTS 45-50 STUDENTS ABOVE 50 STUDENTS
This Graph 3 shows that in one hundred respondents (100), sixty six (66)
students answered 30-40 Students, which has the highest number, seventeen
(17) students answered 40-45 Students, fifteen (15) students answered 45-50
Students, and two (2) students answered Above 50 Students. This means that
27
Table 4
GRAPH 4
100
90
80
70
60
60
50
40
30
20 17
11 10
10
2
0
TEACHER FACILITATOR FRIENDS CLASSMATE NONE
This Graph 4 shows that in one hundred respondents (100), sixty (60)
students answered Teacher which has the highest number, seventeen (17)
(10) students answered friends, and two (2) students answered None. This
means that sixty (60) student will have difficulty to communicate with their
28
Table 5
GRAPH 5
If the class is huge, on what subject do you find difficulty to
understand?
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30 27
20 21 19
20 13
10
0
GENERAL BIOLOGY GENERAL PHYSICS PERSONAL PRE-CALCULUS OTHERS
DEVELOPMENT
29
Chapter V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
Summary
gave it to the respondents for them to fill up the said questions. The
on the effects of their own class size affects their academic performance.
30
After the formulation of questionnaire (rating scale and checklist) which
was checked and validated, a survey was conducted to the sample then
the data were collected and tallied. The respondents were categorized in
University of Pangasinan.
Findings
that most students and lecturers alike, rather prefer smaller classes to
larger ones. Consistent with student achievement and class size was
31
that 50 students have answered the 10 questionnaires of the
Researchers.
above average.
3. The Respondents are in favor that in every class there should only be
35-40 students.
4. The Respondents are not in favor of the 50 students or more per class.
6. The Respondents think they can't focus on their studies when their
classmates. 10. The Respondents are fine with their current class size.
32
These results suggest that student load’s negative influence on course
course outcomes. Class size has a similar indirect impact in that larger
that negatively affect course outcomes, but that class size itself has a
clear from these results that students generally rate courses and faculty
their studies.
33
focus on their lessons and they get to learn a lot more than
The third hypothesis states that the main reason why class
Limitations
34
during the research.
make sure that they are not disturbing the classes of the
respondents.
research.
Recommendation
35
• Active use of writing, speaking and other forms of self-
expression;
scholarly conduct.
36
education builds dynamic assessment and improvement into
curricular processes
Bibliography
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37
APPENDIX A
Madam
Good Day!
We, the undersigned, are Senior High School Students of this institution
and are currently enrolled in the course Practical Research. As part of the said
course, we are required to do a certain research study. The study we are
conducting is entitled Effects of Class Size in Academic Performance of
Senior High School STEM Students of PHINMA-University of Pangasinan.
Respectfully Yours,
Hyacinth R. Llusala Ralph Menard F. Fransico
Dhenzthier F. Baldueza Efren D. Gallardo
George Chrysler L. Baligod Reden V. Gomez
Christian Jake D. Cuison Christine D. Makipagay
Jade Ann C. Cruz Ma. Kyla Amabelle A. Maningding
Keziah Mae C. Escleto Matthew Roel C. Reside
Jumar V. Vallo
Ms. Syvie Marie Maramba Ms. Anna Kristina Saldana
Teacher Principal
38
APPENDIX B
Letter for the Respondents Regarding the Study
PHINMA – University of Pangasinan
Arellano Street, Dagupan City, Pangasinan
Dear Respondents,
Good Day!
Respectfully yours,
39
APPENDIX C
EFFECTS OF CLASS SIZE IN THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCENOF SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL STEM STUDENTS IN PHINMA-UNIVERSITY OF PANGASINAN
NAME: GRADE/SECTION:
AGE: GENDER: