IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SCC

BY PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH FLY ASH & GGBS
WITH THE USE OF GLASS FIBERS

Praveenkumar S R1, Manjunath K A2, G.Narayana3

1
Persuing Master of Technology in Structural Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, S J C Institute of
Technology, Chickballapur, Karnataka, India
2
Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, S J C Institute of Technology, Chickballapur, Karnataka, India
3
Professor & Head of Civil Engineering Department, S J C Institute of Technology, Chickballapur, Karnataka, India

Abstract
Concrete is a versatile material that can be used for construction of all kinds or shapes of structural elements. Self Compacting
Concrete (SCC) was developed by the Japan researchers in the year 1989. SCC is a special type of concrete that is competent or
capable to flow and consolidate under its own weight without any segregation and bleeding between the reinforcing bars. SCC is
one of the widely used types of concrete in the current world because it makes the work easier and it does not bleed at the joints of
the moulds. In this work, an attempt has been made to prepare a high strength SCC of grade M60 by partially replacing the
cement content with the untreated industrial byproducts like fly ash & ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and also by
replacing 100% of natural sand with manufactured sand (M.Sand). With the use of these industrial byproducts, it results in an
eco-friendly environment and also solves the problem of its disposal. The present work deals with the comparative study on
mechanical properties like compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of SCC for various percentages of
powder contents with the use of glass fibers at 0%, 0.1% & 0.2% to the total volume of the concrete mix. In this study two types
SCC mixes were prepared namely, Conventional SCC in which cement content was replaced by 30% with fly ash and Triple
blended SCC in which cement content was reduced to 50% & the rest of the cement content was replaced with fly ash & GGBS by
25% each. The specimens are casted, cured & tested for the required number of days.

Keywords: SCC, Fly Ash, GGBS, Glass Fiber & Mix Design.
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1. INTRODUCTION have excessive fluidity & better cohesiveness. SCC is a

concrete, which will flow & compacts by its self weight
The adaptability as well as use of concrete in construction exclusive of segregation or bleeding. Normally, SCC has
engineering not required to be explained. Many compressive strength in the range 60 to 100 N/mm2.
investigations on Normal & High Strength Concrete(HSC) Although, lesser grades are to be determined and adopted
are being carried out from past thirty years. According to depending on the obligation. At the time of 1980-90, the
IS456 – 2000 (Indian code for plain and RC structures), the Japan researchers developed SCC for the very first time in
strength of concretes ranging from 25 MPa to 55 MPa are university of Tokyo along with some of the top contractors
called as standard concretes, while the strength of concretes in the industry. Since the durability of structures was
above 55 MPa to 120 MPa known as HSC or high fundamental concern in Japan, a sufficient compaction by
performance concrete(HPC). The strength of concretes experienced labors was crucial in seismic prone areas. As a
above 120 or 150 MPa are named as ultra - high result SCC was developed, which came into existence
performance concrete(UHPC). HSC comprise plentiful initially in 1989. Recently SCC was used for various
advantage all over the world in large edifice, dams, bridges applications in many of the countries for structural
& buildings in violent environment. Usually, structure’s configurations which can offer superior operational
components prepared by HPC will be closely reinforced. surroundings with reduction of sound at the work. By using
These types of dense reinforcements lead to severe harms SCC, labor cost can be greatly reduced. SCC is a pioneering
during concrete placing. The heavy reinforced concrete concrete which do not involve vibration for concreting. It is
troubles can be resolved by means of a concrete which is liable to compaction by its self load by filling the forms
easy to place and can spread among the densely reinforced completely by achieving complete compaction in congested
concrete structures. reinforcement which is homogenous and contains similar
durable quality the same as conventional concrete.
In the recent years, self compacting concrete (SCC) has
received large application for placing in densely In the production of SCC, a couple of varieties of SCC by
reinforcement conditions with complicated placing various kinds of admixtures like fly ash, blast furnace slag,
circumstances. In favor of such uses, fresh concrete should matakaolin & silica fume have been tried. The mineral

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IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308

admixtures will be added to develop the distinct properties 2.4 Manufactured Sand (M.Sand)
of concrete such as workability of concrete as well as
sufficient compaction. Due to the scarcity of natural sand, many research works are
being carried out for alternate materials to use as fine
aggregates. Manufactured sand (M.Sand) confirming to
2. MATERIALS USED
Indian code IS: 383 – 1970 (Zone II), obtained from
2.1 Cement Bharathi Mines and Rocks Products Pvt. Ltd., is employed
as a fine aggregate in this work.
Ordinary Portland Cement, (OPC) which is a 53 grade
cement that confirms to Indian standard code IS:12269– Table 4: Physical Properties of M.Sand
1987 available in local market has been used in this study.
Sl
Tests Conducted On Fine Aggregate Results
Table 1: Typical characteristics of cement No

Sl. Tests Conducted Requirements as 1 Material Type M.Sand

Results
no on Cement per is 12269:2013
2 Specific Gravity 02.60
1 Normal Consistency 32 % 28% - 34%
3 Absorption Of Water 2.80%
2 Initial setting time 45 min. Not <30 min.
4 Fineness Modulus 2.85
3 Final setting time 450 min. Not >600 min.
4 Specific Gravity 3.10 2.95 – 3.15
2.5 Coarse Aggregates
2.2 Fly Ash The coarse aggregates of size 12.5mm downsize are used in
this work and it satisfies the specifications of IS: 383 –
Powdered fuel ash (PFA) is used as a secondary 1970. The tests were conducted as per the Indian code IS:
cementitious material, obtained from RMC plant of VNC 2386 Part – I.
Private limited, Hiranandani villas, Devanahalli, which
confirms to the Indian code IS: 3812 Part 1&2 – 2003 and Table 5: Physical Properties of Coarse Aggregates.
the tests are done for as per the guidelines of the code IS:
Sl. no Tests conducted on CA Result
1727 – 1967.
1 Specific Gravity 2.54
Table 2: Typical Properties of Fly Ash
2 Water Absorption (%) 0.8
Sl Permissible
Tests on fly ash Result 3
no Values 3 Loose Bulk Density (Kg/m ) 1441.70
1 Normal consistency 44% - 4 Compacted Bulk Density(Kg/m3) 1574.47
2 Initial setting time 35 min. not <30 min.
2.6 Water
3 Final setting time 500 min. not >600 min. Locally available potable water free all kinds of chemicals
satisfying the requirements of Indian code IS: 456 – 2000
4 Specific gravity 2.40 1.85 – 2.85 was used for preparing concrete.
grey & brown
5 Color Brown 2.7 Chemical Admixture
(tan)
Admixtures are usually added to SCC to get good
2.3 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) flowability and to make the concrete workable. To achieve
GGBS also used as tertiary cementitious material which is high performance concrete, use of admixture is essential
obtained from Power Tech RMC Shetterahalli, Devanahalli which will reduce the water-cement ratio. Hence the
Taluk, confirming to the Indian code IS: 12089 – 1987. admixture used in this work is AURAMIX 300 PLUS
provided from the FOSROC Pvt Ltd. The super-plasticizer
Table 3: Physical Qualities of GGBS is at a volume of 0.4% to total weight of the cementitious
materials.
Sl Tests Conducted Permissible
Results
No on GGBS Values
2.8 Glass Fiber
1 Normal Consistency. 32% - Glass fibers are used to improve the strength of the concrete
2 Specific Gravity 2.90 2.85 – 2.95 by resisting the cracks that appear in the concrete. In this
study glass fiber is added in 0%, 0.1% & 0.2% to the full
3 Color White volume of the concrete mix. The typical properties of glass
fiber are given in the table below.

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Table 6: Typical Properties of Glass Fiber

Sl No Property Results
AR-Glass Fiber
1 Type of Glass Fiber
(Alkali Resistant)
2 Color White

3 Length 12 mm

4 Diameter 14 μ

3. MIX DESIGN
A very simple and popular Nan Su method is used to Fig 1: Slump flow test.
develop M60 grade SCC. In this study, two different types
SCC mixes were developed one is the conventional SCC &
the other is the triple blended SCC. M60 grade mix
quantities for both the mixes are given below.

3.1 Conventional SCC (CSCC)

Cement = 428.57 kg/m3.
Fly Ash = 168.53 kg/m3.
Fine Aggregate = 854.70 kg/m3.
Coarse Aggregate = 681.203 kg/m3.
Water = 214.956 kg/m3.
Super plasticizer = 4 ml/kg of powder content.

3.2 Triple Blended SCC (TBSCC)

Cement = 428.57 kg/m3.
Fly Ash = 92.21 kg/m3.
GGBS = 92.21 kg/m3. Fig 2: V-funnel test.
Fine Aggregate = 854.70 kg/m3.
Coarse Aggregate = 681.203 kg/m3.
Water = 220.677 kg/m3.
Super plasticizer = 4 ml/kg of powder content.

4. WORKABILITY TESTS ON FRESH

CONCRETE
The self compacting concrete should exhibit the
requirements specified in the EFNARC guidelines. Various
types of workability tests are conducted on SCC in fresh
state. In this study, Slump flow & T50 test, V-funnel and L-
box tests are conducted to study the workability of SCC. Fig 3: L-box test.
The slump flow test is used to know the horizontal free flow
of SCC without any kind of obstructions. The V-Funnel test Table 7: Requirements of SCC as per EFNARC Guidelines
is used to study the filling ability of concrete with a
Sl
maximum size of coarse aggregates limiting to 20mm. L- Properties Unit Permissible values
No
Box test is done to know the passing ability of SCC between
the reinforcing bars and other obstructions without 1 Slump flow mm 650 – 800
segregation or any kind of blocking. The test conducted on 2 T50 Slump flow sec 2–5
slump flow, V-funnel and L-box are shown in figures 1, 2 &
3 respectively. 3 V-Funnel sec 8 – 12
4 L-Box - 0.8 – 1

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Table 8: Workability Test Results Table 11: Flexural behavior of RC Beams

Slump T50 V Load (KN)
Sl Type of L-box = Ultimate
Flow test funnel MIX TYPE First Second
No Mix (h2/h1) load (KN)
(mm) (sec) (sec) Crack Crack
1 CSCC 680 5 11 0.9 CSCC 0% GF 125 131 160
2 TBSCC 685 4 10 1.0 CSCC 0.1% GF 127 150 193
CSCC 0.2% GF 129 152 171
5. TESTS ON HARDENED CONCRETE
TBSCC 0% GF 122 154 185
5.1 Compressive Strength Test
TBSCC 0.1% GF 131 173 219
The cubes of size 150mm*150mm*150mm were casted and
cured for a period of 7, 28 & 56 days for all the mixes. TBSCC 0.2% GF 130 170 204
Three cube samples were tested in the compressive testing
machine to get the average compressive strength of each
mix. The test results are given table 9.

Table 9: Compressive Strength of SCC

Compressive Strength
Sl (MPa)
TYPE OF MIX
No 7 28 56
Days Days Days
1 CSCC 0% GF 36.44 59.11 64.45
2 CSCC 0.1% GF 40.89 61.78 68.45
3 CSCC 0.2% GF 38.22 60.89 66.67
Graph 1: Load vs Deflection @ mid span
4 TBCSCC 0% GF 35.11 57.78 65.33
5 TBCSCC 0.1% GF 37.78 59.56 70.22
6 TBCSCC 0.2% GF 36.88 58.67 67.11

5.2 Split Tensile Strength Test

The cylinders of size 150mm dia and 300mm height were
casted and cured for a period of 7, 28 & 56 days for all the
mixes. Three cylinder samples were tested in the
compressive testing machine to get the average split tensile
strength of each mix.

Table 10: Split Tensile Strength of SCC

Graph 2: Load vs Deflecction @ (1/3)rd Span
Split Tensile Strength
Sl (MPa) 6. CONCLUSION
TYPE OF MIX
No 7 28
56 Days From the obtained test results, the following conclusions
Days Days
were made.
1 CSCC 0% GF 2.90 4.98 5.41 1. The triple blended SCC exhibits good workability
2 CSCC 0.1% GF 3.19 5.67 6.10 properties compared to conventional SCC. This is due
3 CSCC 0.2% GF 2.98 5.41 5.70 to the higher content of finer particles such as fly ash &
4 TBCSCC 0% GF 2.70 4.84 5.69 GGBS along with cement.
2. From the flexural test results of reinforced concrete
5 TBCSCC 0.1% GF 2.95 5.55 6.41 beams, it can be concluded that the load carrying
6 TBCSCC 0.2% GF 2.77 5.29 5.98 capacity of triple blended SCC is more than that of
conventional SCC.
5.3 Flexural Strength Test 3. Also, it can be concluded that manufactured sand can be
used as a alternate material for river sand.
The beams of size 2000mm*250mm*150mm were casted 4. The results of compressive strength, split tensile
and cured for a period of 28 days for all the mixes. The strength & flexural strength exhibits the optimum
beam samples were tested in the loading frame to get the dosage of glass fiber that can be used is 0.1% to the
average ultimate load of each mix. total volume of the mix.

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5. Finally from this experimental work, it may be [8] Ravi Shankar Yadav, “To Study the Properties of SCC
concluded that the use of industrial by-products such as using Recycled Aggregates and Glass Fiber”.
fly ash & GGBS has vast advantage making the International Journal of Recent Research in Civil and
environment eco-friendly. Mechanical Engineering (IJRRCME) Volume 2, Issue
1, pp: (187-191), April 2015 – September 2015.
SCOPE FOR FUTURE STUDY [9] Asha Deepthi. Deva “A Comparative Study on
Mechanical Properties of Normal Vibrated Concrete
1. To study the mechanical properties of high strength (NVC) & Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC)”.
SCC using other alternate cementitious materials at International Journal of Civil and Structural
different percentages. Engineering Research, Volume 2, Issue 2, pp: (93-100),
2. Use of various types of fibers to determine the October 2014 - March 2015.
performance of SCC for various proportion of addition. [10] Pradeepa, “An Experimental Study on Properties of
3. Study the mechanical properties of SCC for higher Fiber Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete”, ISSN:
grade of concrete. 2348 – 8352, National Conference on Research
4. To study the behavior of reinforced SCC of beams Advances in Communication, Computation, Electrical
under various loading conditions Science and Structures (NCRACCESS-2015).
[11] M.S.Shetty, a text book of “Concrete Technology -
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Theory and Practice”, multicolor illustrative revised
I am very much thankful Mr. Manjunath K A and edition, S.CHAND PUBLISHING, A division of
Dr.G.Narayana for their continuous guidance & support. I S.Chand & Company limited.
would also thank civil engineering department, S.J.C.
Institute of Technology, Chickballapur. Also, last but not the BIOGRAPHIES
least I would like to thank my parents & friends for their Mr. PRAVEENKUMAR S R, Pursuing
continuous support for the completion of this experimental M.Tech in Structural Engineering in S.J.C.
work. Institute of Technology, Chickballapur.

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