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    Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer

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    fawadint
    The document discusses inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry (ICP-OES), an analytical technique used to detect trace elemental concentrations in liquid samples. [1] ICP-OES works by nebulizing the sample into an argon plasma torch heated to extremely high temperatures, exciting the atoms and causing them to emit electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths unique to each elemental type. [2] The radiation is collected and separated by wavelength using a series of mirrors, prisms and diffraction gratings, then measured by a charge-coupled device detector which relates the intensity of each wavelength to the concentration of corresponding elemental in the original sample.

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    Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer

    Uploaded by

    fawadint
    108 views5 pages
    The document discusses inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry (ICP-OES), an analytical technique used to detect trace elemental concentrations in liquid samples. [1] ICP-OES works by nebulizing the sample into an argon plasma torch heated to extremely high temperatures, exciting the atoms and causing them to emit electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths unique to each elemental type. [2] The radiation is collected and separated by wavelength using a series of mirrors, prisms and diffraction gratings, then measured by a charge-coupled device detector which relates the intensity of each wavelength to the concentration of corresponding elemental in the original sample.

    Original Description:

    Introduction to ICP-OES by Fawad Ahmed

    Original Title

    ICP-OES

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    The document discusses inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry (ICP-OES), an analytical technique used to detect trace elemental concentrations in liquid samples. [1] ICP-OES works by nebulizing the sample into an argon plasma torch heated to extremely high temperatures, exciting the atoms and causing them to emit electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths unique to each elemental type. [2] The radiation is collected and separated by wavelength using a series of mirrors, prisms and diffraction gratings, then measured by a charge-coupled device detector which relates the intensity of each wavelength to the concentration of corresponding elemental in the original sample.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    108 views5 pages

    Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer

    Uploaded by

    fawadint
    The document discusses inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry (ICP-OES), an analytical technique used to detect trace elemental concentrations in liquid samples. [1] ICP-OES works by nebulizing the sample into an argon plasma torch heated to extremely high temperatures, exciting the atoms and causing them to emit electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths unique to each elemental type. [2] The radiation is collected and separated by wavelength using a series of mirrors, prisms and diffraction gratings, then measured by a charge-coupled device detector which relates the intensity of each wavelength to the concentration of corresponding elemental in the original sample.

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    INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA OPTICAL

    EMISSION SPECTROPHOTOMETER
    (ICP-OES)
    INTRODUCTION:

    ICP-OES is a modern day instrument of any


    analytical laboratory that measures the trace level
    concentration of the elements in a sample present
    in the liquid state. The technique has been
    commercially available since 1974 and thanks to its
    reliability, multi-element options and high
    throughput. It is a type of emission spectroscopy
    that uses the inductively coupled plasma to
    produce excited atoms and ions that emit
    electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths
    characteristic of a particular element. It is a flame
    technique with a flame temperature in a range
    from 6,000 to 10,000 K. The intensity of this
    emission is indicative of the concentration of the element within the sample.
    BASIC PRINCIPLE: (Revealing the Sample’s Secrets)

    ICP-OES works on atomic emission spectroscopy. The solution to analyze is conducted by a pump
    though a nebulizer into a spray chamber. The produced aerosol is lead into an argon plasma.
    Plasma is the forth state of matter, next to the solid, liquid and gaseous state. In the ICP-OES the
    plasma is generated at the end of a quarts torch by a cooled induction coil through which a high
    frequency alternate current flows. As a consequence, an alternate magnetic field is induced
    which accelerated electrons into a circular trajectory.

    Due to collision between the argon atom and the electrons ionization occurs, giving rise to a
    stable plasma. The plasma is extremely hot, 6,000-7,000 K. In the induction zone it can even reach
    10,000 K. In the torch desolvation, atomization and ionizations of the sample takes place. Due to
    the thermic energy taken up by the electrons, they reach a higher "excited" state. When the
    electrons drop back to ground level energy is liberated as light (photons). Each element has an
    own characteristic emission spectrum that is measured with a spectrometer. The light intensity
    on the wavelength is measured and with the calibration calculated into a concentration.
    COMPONENTS OF ICP-OES:

    Spray
    Nebulizer Plasma Torch Optics Detector
    Chamber

    NEBULIZER:
    Sample introduced to ICP-OES through nebulizer. Nebulizer produces fine spray of the sample
    and mix with argon gas to produce aerosols.

    SPRAY CHAMBER:
    Aerosols from nebulizer enters in spray chamber where heavy particles separates and drained
    out. The fine mist forms and enter into the plasma torch.

    PLASMA TORCH:

    Sample form spray chamber enters in torch where Plasma of Argon gas produced by high
    frequency radio waves (27 MHz). Sample break down in to elements /atoms from molecules
    and atoms go in excited state.
    From excited state, each atom emits radiations, these emitted radiations determines the type of
    element present in sample and the intensity of the radiations determines their concentration.
    OPTICS:
    Emitted radiations from plasma flame make their way to instrument optics. Optics mainly consist
    of mirrors, grating and a prism that converts the set of radiations into unique wavelength two
    dimensional pattern. Which latter detected by the CCD (Charge coupled device) detector.

    CCD Detector

    Beam Inlet

    Prism

    Polychromatic
    Light

    Escelle Optics
    DETECTOR:
    Detector of this instrument is basically arrays of 70,000 Pixels. Each pixel is assigned a specific
    wavelength. When radiations fall upon the detector, identified on the detector by their position
    and the intensity (number of radiations) quantifies the amount of element in the sample.

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