All About Mars: Structure and Surface

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All About Mars

Mars is a cold desert world. It is half the size of Earth. Mars is sometimes
called the Red Planet. It's red because of rusty iron in the ground.

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Explore Mars! Click and drag to rotate the planet. Scroll or pinch to zoom in and out. Credit: NASA
Visualization Technology Applications and Development (VTAD)

Like Earth, Mars has seasons, polar ice caps, volcanoes, canyons, and
weather. It has a very thin atmosphere made of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and
argon.
There are signs of ancient floods on Mars, but now water mostly exists in icy
dirt and thin clouds. On some Martian hillsides, there is evidence of liquid salty
water in the ground.
Scientists want to know if Mars may have had living things in the past. They
also want to know if Mars could support life now or in the future.

Structure and Surface

 Mars is a terrestrial planet. It is small and rocky.


 Mars has a thin atmosphere.
 Mars has an active atmosphere, but the surface of the planet is not active.
Its volcanoes are dead.

Time on Mars

 One day on Mars lasts 24.6 hours. It is just a little longer than a day on
Earth.
 One year on Mars is 687 Earth days. It is almost twice as long as one year
on Earth.

Mars’ Neighbors

 Mars has two moons. Their names are Phobos and Deimos.
 Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. That means Earth and Jupiter are
Mars’ neighboring planets.

Quick History

 Mars has been known since ancient times because it can be seen without
advanced telescopes.
 Several missions have visited Mars. And Mars is the only planet we have
sent rovers to. They drive around Mars, taking pictures and
measurements.

What does Mars look like?

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