Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 16 views

    Sentencia Select /: Introducción A SQL

    Uploaded by

    Emerson Quijada Rafael
    This document provides an introduction to SQL and PL/SQL including examples of common SQL statements like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE. It also covers PL/SQL concepts like cursors, exceptions, and triggers. The document consists of code snippets showing how to use various SQL and PL/SQL features to query, manipulate, and audit data in database tables.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Sentencia Select /: Introducción A SQL

    Uploaded by

    Emerson Quijada Rafael
    16 views10 pages
    This document provides an introduction to SQL and PL/SQL including examples of common SQL statements like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE. It also covers PL/SQL concepts like cursors, exceptions, and triggers. The document consists of code snippets showing how to use various SQL and PL/SQL features to query, manipulate, and audit data in database tables.

    Original Description:

    Original Title

    laboratoriooracle-150510025731-lva1-app6891 (1)-convertido.docx

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document provides an introduction to SQL and PL/SQL including examples of common SQL statements like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE. It also covers PL/SQL concepts like cursors, exceptions, and triggers. The document consists of code snippets showing how to use various SQL and PL/SQL features to query, manipulate, and audit data in database tables.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    16 views10 pages

    Sentencia Select /: Introducción A SQL

    Uploaded by

    Emerson Quijada Rafael
    This document provides an introduction to SQL and PL/SQL including examples of common SQL statements like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE. It also covers PL/SQL concepts like cursors, exceptions, and triggers. The document consists of code snippets showing how to use various SQL and PL/SQL features to query, manipulate, and audit data in database tables.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Introducción a SQL

    /* Sentencia Select */
    SELECT empno, ename, sal, job FROM emp;

    /* Estructura de Tabla */
    DESCRIBE emp;
    DESC emp;

    /* Operadores de Comparación */
    SELECT ename, sal, comm FROM emp WHERE sal <= comm;
    SELECT ename, sal FROM emp WHERE sal BETWEEN 1000 AND 1500;
    SELECT ename, sal, mgr FROM emp WHERE mgr IN
    (7902,7566,7788);
    SELECT ename FROM emp WHERE ename LIKE '_A%';
    SELECT ename, job, comm FROM emp WHERE comm IS NULL;
    //Los campos donde el campo comm Esta vacio

    /* Operadores Lógicos */
    SELECT ename, job, sal FROM emp WHERE sal >=1100 AND
    job='CLERK';

    SELECT ename, job, sal FROM emp WHERE sal >=1100 OR


    job='CLERK';
    SELECT ename, job FROM emp WHERE job NOT IN ('CLERK',
    'MANAGER', 'ANALYST');

    /* Order By */
    SELECT empno, ename, sal*12 as salario FROM emp ORDER BY
    salario DESC;

    Que nos muestre con cierto orden descendente y ascendente

    /* Alias */
    SELECT A.empno, A.ename FROM emp A ORDER BY A.ename DESC;
    SELECT a.empno as codigo, a.ename as nombre FROM emp A ORDER
    BY a.sal DESC;
    SELECT a.empno codigo, a.ename nombre FROM emp A ORDER BY
    sal DESC;

    /* Funciones de Caracter */
    SELECT LOWER(ename) FROM emp;
    Pasa a minusculas

    SELECT INITCAP(dname) FROM dept;


    La primera a mayuscula
    SELECT LENGTH(loc) FROM dept;

    SELECT LPAD(sal,10,'*') FROM emp;


    SELECT INSTR('Amigos','g') FROM dual;

    /* Funciones Numéricas */
    SELECT ROUND(sal/3,2) FROM emp;
    SELECT TRUNC(sal/3,2) FROM emp;

    /* Funciones de Fecha */
    SELECT SYSDATE,ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE,4)
    AGREGAR_MES,NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE,1)
    AGREGAR_SEMANA,LAST_DAY(sysdate) ULTIMO FROM DUAL;

    /* Funciones de Conversión */
    SELECT TO_CHAR(sal,'$009,999.99') from emp;
    SELECT TO_CHAR(hiredate,'dd/mm/yyyy') from emp;
    SELECT TO_CHAR(hiredate,'month') from emp;
    SELECT TO_CHAR(hiredate,'DAY') from emp;

    /* Función NVL */
    SELECT NVL(comm,0) FROM emp;
    SELECT NVL(hiredate,sysdate) FROM emp;
    SELECT NVL(job,'no job') FROM emp;

    /* Joins */
    SELECT a.ename, a.job, a.sal, b.dname FROM emp a, dept b
    WHERE a.deptno = b.deptno;
    SELECT a.* FROM emp a, salgrade b WHERE a.sal BETWEEN b.losal
    and b.hisal;
    SELECT nvl(a.ename,'<VACIO>') ename,NVL(a.sal,0.00)
    SAL,A.DEPTNO,NVL(b.dname,'NULL') FROM emp a,dept b WHERE
    a.deptno = b.deptno (+);
    SELECT nvl(a.ename,'<VACIO>') ename,NVL(a.sal,0.00)
    SAL,NVL(A.DEPTNO,0) DEPTNO,NVL(b.dname,'NULL') FROM emp
    a,dept b WHERE a.deptno (+) = b.deptno;
    SELECT a.ename EMPLEADO,a.sal SALARIO,a.job OCUPACION,m.ename
    MANAGER FROM emp a,emp m WHERE a.mgr = m.empno and
    a.empno=7369;

    /* Funciones de Grupo */
    SELECT deptno,AVG(sal) FROM emp GROUP BY deptno;
    SELECT deptno,job,sum(sal) FROM emp GROUP BY deptno, job;
    SELECT deptno,job,sum(sal) FROM emp GROUP BY
    ROLLUP(deptno,job);
    SELECT deptno,job,sum(sal) FROM emp GROUP BY CUBE (deptno,
    job);
    /* Having */
    SELECT deptno, job, sum(sal) FROM emp GROUP BY deptno, job
    HAVING sum(sal)>2500;

    /* Subconsultas */
    SELECT ename,sal FROM emp WHERE sal > (SELECT sal FROM emp
    WHERE empno=7566);
    SELECT ename,sal,deptno FROM emp WHERE sal IN (SELECT
    min(sal) FROM emp GROUP BY deptno) ;
    SELECT ename,sal,deptno FROM emp WHERE (deptno,sal) IN
    (SELECT deptno,min(sal) FROM emp GROUP BY deptno);

    /* Sentencia Insert */
    INSERT INTO emp VALUES
    (2296,'AROMANO','SALESMAN',7782,to_date('03/02/1997',
    'dd/mm/yyyy'),1300,NULL,10);
    INSERT INTO dept (deptno,dname,loc) VALUES
    (&departamento,'&Nombre','&Localizacion');
    ACCEPT depto_id prompt 'Ingrese número dpto: ';
    ACCEPT name_id prompt 'Ingrese nombre dpto: ';
    INSERT INTO dept (deptno,dname) VALUES
    (&depto_id,'&name_id');
    INSERT INTO bonus (ename,job,sal,comm) SELECT
    ename,job,sal,comm FROM emp WHERE job = 'MANAGER';

    /* Sentencia Update */
    UPDATE emp SET deptno = 20 WHERE empno=7782;
    UPDATE emp SET (job,deptno) = (SELECT job,deptno FROM emp
    WHERE empno = 7788) WHERE empno = 7698;
    UPDATE emp SET deptno = (SELECT deptno FROM emp WHERE empno =
    7788) WHERE job = (SELECT job FROM emp WHERE empno = 7788 ) ;

    /* Sentencia Delete */
    DELETE FROM dept WHERE dname = 'RESEARCH';
    DELETE FROM emp WHERE deptno = (SELECT deptno FROM dept WHERE
    dname = 'SALES');

    /* Sentencia Truncate */
    TRUNCATE TABLE bonus;

    /* Sentencia Merge */
    MERGE INTO bonus D
    USING (SELECT ename,job,sal,comm FROM emp WHERE deptno = 30)
    S
    ON (D.ename = S.ename)
    WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET D.comm = S.sal*1.25
    WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (D.ename,D.job,D.sal,D.comm)
    VALUES (S.ename,S.job,S.sal,S.sal*1.25);
    Introducción a PL/SQL

    /* Ejercicio Nº 1 */

    SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;


    DECLARE
    CURSOR c_datos IS SELECT deptno,dname FROM dept;
    vdeptno NUMBER(2);
    vdname VARCHAR2(14);
    BEGIN
    OPEN c_datos;
    LOOP
    FETCH c_datos INTO vdeptno,vdname;
    EXIT WHEN c_datos%NOTFOUND;
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( 'codigo: ' || vdeptno ||
    ' ... nombre: '||vdname) ;
    END LOOP;
    CLOSE c_datos;
    END;

    /* Ejercicio Nº 2 */

    SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;


    DECLARE
    CURSOR c_datos IS SELECT deptno,dname FROM dept;
    vdeptno NUMBER(2);
    vdname VARCHAR2(14);
    BEGIN
    OPEN c_datos;
    FETCH c_datos INTO vdeptno,vdname;
    WHILE c_datos%FOUND LOOP
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( 'codigo: ' || vdeptno ||
    ' ... nombre: '||vdname) ;
    FETCH c_datos INTO vdeptno,vdname;
    END LOOP;
    CLOSE c_datos;
    END;

    /* Ejercicio Nº 3 */

    SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;


    DECLARE
    CURSOR c_datos IS SELECT deptno,dname FROM dept;
    vdeptno NUMBER(2);
    vdname VARCHAR2(14);
    BEGIN
    OPEN c_datos;
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( c_datos%rowcount );
    FETCH c_datos INTO vdeptno,vdname;
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( c_datos%rowcount );
    WHILE c_datos%FOUND LOOP
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( 'codigo: ' || vdeptno ||
    ' ... nombre: '||vdname) ;
    FETCH c_datos INTO vdeptno,vdname;
    END LOOP;
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( c_datos%rowcount );
    CLOSE c_datos;
    END;

    /* Ejercicio Nº 4 */

    SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;


    DECLARE
    CURSOR c_datos IS SELECT deptno,dname FROM dept;
    vdeptno NUMBER(2);
    vdname VARCHAR2(14);
    BEGIN
    IF c_datos%ISOPEN THEN
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( 'cursor abierto' );
    ELSE
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( 'cursor cerrado' );
    END IF;
    OPEN c_datos;
    IF c_datos%ISOPEN THEN
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( 'cursor abierto' );
    ELSE
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( 'cursor cerrado' );
    END IF;
    FETCH c_datos INTO vdeptno,vdname;
    WHILE c_datos%FOUND LOOP
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( 'codigo: ' || vdeptno ||
    ' ... nombre: '||vdname) ;
    FETCH c_datos INTO vdeptno,vdname;
    END LOOP;
    CLOSE c_datos;
    IF c_datos%ISOPEN THEN
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( 'cursor abierto' );
    ELSE
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( 'cursor cerrado' );
    END IF;
    END;
    /* Ejercicio Nº 5 */

    SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;


    DECLARE
    CURSOR c_datos IS SELECT deptno,dname FROM dept;
    BEGIN
    FOR v_datos IN c_datos LOOP
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( 'codigo: ' ||
    v_datos.deptno || ' ... nombre: '||v_datos.dname) ;
    END LOOP;
    END;

    /* Ejercicio Nº 6 */

    SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;


    BEGIN
    DELETE FROM emp WHERE empno=9999;
    IF SQL%NOTFOUND THEN
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( 'No existe empleado' ) ;
    END IF;
    END;

    /* Ejercicio Nº 7 */

    SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;


    DECLARE
    v_ename varchar2(14);
    BEGIN
    SELECT ename INTO v_ename FROM emp WHERE empno=7902;
    IF SQL%FOUND THEN
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( 'Si existe empleado' ) ;
    END IF;
    END;

    /* Ejercicio Nº 8 */

    SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;


    BEGIN
    update emp set hiredate=sysdate WHERE deptno='30';
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( 'Lineas afectadas : ' || SQL
    %ROWCOUNT ) ;
    commit;
    END;
    /* Ejercicio Nº 9 */

    SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;


    DECLARE
    v_dname varchar2(14);
    BEGIN
    SELECT dname INTO v_dname FROM dept WHERE deptno
    between 10 and 30;
    --SELECT dname INTO v_dname FROM dept WHERE deptno
    between 80 and 90;
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( 'Lineas afectadas : ' || SQL
    %ROWCOUNT ) ;
    EXCEPTION
    WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS THEN
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hay mas de un
    registro!!!!!');
    WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No hay datos!!!!');
    END;

    /* Ejercicio Nº 10 */

    SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;


    DECLARE
    v_cnt varchar2(14);
    mierror EXCEPTION;
    BEGIN
    SELECT count(*) INTO v_cnt FROM dept;
    IF v_cnt>1 THEN
    raise mierror;
    ELSE
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( '1 Departamento' );
    END IF;
    EXCEPTION
    WHEN mierror THEN
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error de usuario!!!!!');
    END;
    Create table auditoria (usuario varchar2(20), fechamod date,
    accion varchar2(10));

    Desarrollar un paquete que permita darle mantenimiento a la


    tabla dept (crear un procedimiento para cada acción de
    actualización). Crear un disparador que permita auditar las
    acciones realizadas en la tabla Dep. (Tabla auditoria).
    Ejecutar los procedimientos a través de un bloque PL/SQL en
    SQL*PLUS.
    Create table auditoria (usuario varchar2(20), fechamod date,
    accion varchar2(10));

    Desarrollar un paquete que permita darle mantenimiento a la


    tabla dept (crear un procedimiento para cada acción de
    actualización). Crear un disparador que permita auditar las
    acciones realizadas en la tabla Dep. (Tabla auditoria).
    Ejecutar los procedimientos a través de un bloque PL/SQL en
    SQL*PLUS.

    You might also like