i

STUDENTS DIFFICULTIES IN READING COMPREHENSION AT

THE FIRST GRADE OF SMAN 1 DARUSSALAM
ACEH BESAR

THESIS

Submitted by:

DASRUL HIDAYATI

Student of Faculty of Education and Teacher Training

Department of English Language Education
Reg. No: 231324339

FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND TEACHER TRAINING

AR-RANIRY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY
DARUSSALAM- BANDA ACEH
2018 M/1439 H
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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

THESIS COVER
APPROVAL LETTER FROM SUPERVISOR
SIDANG MUNAQASYAH-EXAMINER SIGNATURE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. i
TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................. ii
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... iv
LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................... v
DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY ........................................................ vi
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... vii

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ................................................ 1
B. Research Questions ......................................................... 4
C. Research Aims ................................................................ 5
D. Limitation of the Study ................................................... 5
E. The Significance of the Study ......................................... 5
F. Terminology.................................................................... 6

CHAPTER II : LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Reading Comprehension ................................................. 8
B. Reading Comprehension Strategies ................................ 9
C. Reading Comprehension Aspects ................................... 11
D. Reading Comprehension Challenges .............................. 13
E. Reading Comprehension at Senior High School ............ 16

CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design ............................................................. 18
B. Sampling ......................................................................... 18
C. Data Collection Methods ................................................ 18
D. Data Analysis ................................................................. 19

CHAPTER IV : DATA ANALYSIS

A. Research Demography .................................................... 23
B. The Analysis of the Test ................................................ 24
C. The Analysis of Questionnaire ....................................... 32

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 D. Discussion of the Result ................................................. 37
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions ..................................................................... 41
B. Suggestions ..................................................................... 42
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
AUTOBIOGRAPHY

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 LIST OF TABLE

Number of Tables:

4.1 The Facilities of the School .................................................................................................... 23

4.2 Class classification in the school ............................................................................................ 24
4.3 The Frequency of the Students’ Correct Answer and Score of Reading Comprehension Test 25
4.4 The Calculation of the Percentage of Difficult in Answering Main idea Questions ................ 26
4.5 The Calculation of the Percentage of Difficult in Answering Locating reference Questions .. 27
4.6 The Calculation of the Percentage of Difficult in Answering vocabulary Questions .............. 28
4.7 The Calculation of the Percentage of Difficult in Answering Making inference Questions .... 29
4.8 The Calculation of the Percentage of Difficult in Answering Detail Information Questions . 30
4.9 Students’ understanding about vocabulary of the text............................................................. 32
4.10 Students’ understanding about the intent of the text ............................................................... 33
4.11 Students’ difficulty in concentration of the text ..................................................................... 33
4.12 Students’ understanding about the strategies of reading text .................................................. 34
4.13 Students’ motivation from family in reading English text ...................................................... 34
4.14 Students’ perception about the availability of learning media at library ................................. 35
4.15 Students’ difficulty in determining main idea of the text ........................................................ 35
4.16 Students’ understanding of grammatical structure of the text ................................................ 36
4.17 Students’ understanding about the contexts of the text ........................................................... 36
4.18 Students’ difficulty in determining inferences of the text ....................................................... 37

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 LIST OF APPENDICES

I. Appointment Letter of Supervisor

II. Recommendation Letter from The Dean of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training Faculty

for Doing Research from SMAN 1 Darussalam, Aceh Besar

III. Reference Letter of Doing Research from SMAN 1 Darussalam, Aceh Besar

IV. The Question Items

V. Test

VI. Questionnaire

VII. Students Test Score

VIII. The Calculation of Index Difficulty

IX. List Chart of Index Difficulty of the Test

X. Autobiography

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 ABSTRACT

This study focuses on the difficulties faced by the first grade students of senior high school in
reading comprehension. The purposes of the study were to find out the difficulties faced by
the first grade students of SMAN 1 Darussalam, Aceh Besar and to find out the factors of
difficulties in reading comprehension. The method applied was descriptive quantitative,
where the test and questionnaire were used as the instrument data collection methods. The
test consisted of 20 question items divided into five types of questions, which were main
idea, detail information, making inferences, locating reference, and vocabulary. Index
difficulty and percentage were used to analyze the data. The result of the test showed that the
majority of the first grade students of SMAN 1 Darussalam, Aceh Besar found difficulties
including answering main idea, making inference, and locating reference questions. The most
difficult aspect that encountered by the students of SMAN 1 Darussalam, Aceh Besar was
finding main idea questions, because the located main idea was difficult to find. In addition,
based on the students’ responses in questionnaire, they mostly got difficulties in
understanding vocabulary, poor mastery of grammar, the difficulty in understanding long
sentences, lack of media learning, less support from the family, lack of knowledge of
strategies in reading comprehension.
Keyword: Students difficulties, Reading comprehension.

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Reading is the basic skill that is closely related to other skills such as

writing, speaking and listening. Students are required to read lots and understand

the reading material in order to achieve better result in learning process.

According to Grabe and Stoller (2002), reading can be taught as a way to draw

information from text and to form an interpretation of that information. It means

reading is also a gateway for students to get information and knowledge in

educational process.

A student who loves reading and spends a lot of time in reading activity also

has ability to write well. By reading, students can improve their vocabulary and

writing skill. On the contrary, a student who has low reading ability will find

difficulty in learning process. Moreover, the students will feel ashamed in

adapting themselves with their school environment. Conversely, a good teacher

must be more skilled in mastering grammar and vocabulary understanding. The

importance of teaching reading is to build the ability and knowledge of students to

understand the material of reading text. Such as ability to read various texts in

English, ability to adjust reading styles according to the purpose of reading (i, e

skimming, scanning), and ability to have critical perspective on the content of the

texts (Hedge, 2003, as cited in Alyousef, 2005).

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Reading well means to understand what writer tries to present in his/her

writing. This means that a reader needs background knowledge and competence

while reading. Razali and Razali (2013) stated that some readers use their

background of knowledge and experience to compose meaning from the text in

reading process, then the readers will connect the ideas in the text to what they

already know in order to get the comprehension of the text. Even most people can

comprehend the material what they read after reading word-by-word and they are

spending a lot of time repeating the difficult term of the text.

Reading comprehension is the ability to understand information in a text and

interpret it appropriately what is meant by the text (Grabe and Stoller, 2002). It

means that reading comprehension is the ability to read text, process and

understand its meaning. An individual’s ability to understand text is influenced by

their natures and skills, one of which is the ability to make inferences.

Reading comprehension also can improve vocabulary and writing skill.

According to Nuttal (1982), there are five aspects of reading comprehension

which the students should understand in comprehending a text well, such as

determining main idea, finding specific information, making inference, identifying

reference, and understanding the meaning of words or detail information. These

aspects are regarded as difficulties that the students encounter in comprehending

the text.

At senior high school, teaching reading intends to develop students’ skill in

reading comprehension. All schools implement a curriculum which is relevant to

the needs of their specific pupils. Curriculum is more positive in nature, which
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could achieve the objective of motivating learning, enhancing knowledge and

abilities and developing positive values or even attitudes. Nowadays, most schools

implements Curriculum 2013 as the current curriculum.

Based on Basic Competence which is issued by Kementerian Pendidikan

dan Kebudayaan 2013 that basic competence 2013 of the first grade senior high

school, the students are expected to comprehend social function, texts structure,

and language features in reading text (descriptive, narrative, recount text, and so

on) in oral and written form. However, in a real situation, the students have not

achieved the curriculum expectation and have low ability in reading

comprehension. Obviously, text such as English magazines, newspaper and article

as an authentic material has the important role such as improving students reading

ability and their knowledge of current issues. But it is not easy to be read for

students and to comprehend.

There is a previous study that has similarity to this research which was

conducted by Zuhra (2015). The research is about Senior High School Students

Difficulties in Reading Comprehension. Her study aims at finding out the most

difficult types of reading comprehension questions faced by students in reading

tests and why they face these difficulties in the national examinations. Her thesis

was a case study at second grade of senior high school Lhokseumawe. In result,

she found that most difficult type of reading comprehension question faced by the

students was an inference question because they did not comprehend the questions

asked. It is because of their weaknesses in differentiating between the nature of

different types in reading comprehension questions.

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However, to know the difficulties in reading comprehension is important.

The problems are faced by the students might be different in one school to another

school. Based on the observation, in fact, most of the students in SMAN 1

Darussalam, they still have difficulties in comprehending the reading materials

text, such as they have difficulties in making inference, determining main idea and

locating reference. Some of the reasons are that they do not understand to use

reading comprehension strategies and lose of concentration in reading

comprehension. However, most of the students have difficulties in reading

English text from materials that adopted from newspapers, articles, textbooks and

magazines. Due to this situation, the researcher is interested in analyzing the

students’ difficulties in reading comprehension and find out what are the

difficulties factors that the students faced in reading comprehension.

B. Research Questions

Based on the background above, the research questions of this research are :

1. What are the most difficult aspects of reading comprehension that

encountered by students of SMAN 1 Darussalam, Aceh Besar?

2. What are the difficult factors that the students faced in reading

comprehension?
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C. Research Aims

The purposes of the study are:

1. To find out what the most difficult aspects that encountered by the students

of SMAN 1 Darussalam, Aceh Besar in reading comprehension.

2. To know what the difficult factors that the students faced in reading

comprehension

D. Limitation of the Study

In this study, the researcher limited study on the difficulties faced by

students into three categories: 1). The difficulty in making inference, 2). The

difficulty in getting main idea, 3). The difficulty in locating reference. The

researcher also focuses on the factors that influence the difficulties faced by

students in reading comprehension.

E. Significant of the Study

This study would give positive constribution for the English teachers of

senior high school, in order to create and find innovation methods and teaching

activities which applied in teaching reading in order to help the students to

overcome their difficulties in English reading text. This study result is expected

that students can improve their reading and motivation in learning English.
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F. Terminology

To avoid misunderstanding on this research, the researcher needs to describe

some terms used. Some terms are: difficulty and reading comprehension.

1. Difficulty

Difficulty is state or quality of being hard to do or to understand (Hornby,

2001). The difficulty is the mistakes which are faced by the students in teaching

and learning process. It occurs because the students are confused or do not know

or understand about the material which the teacher has explained. In this case,

difficulty is the state that the students are hard to comprehend English reading

text.

2. Definition of Reading Comprehension

Pang et al. (2003) stated that reading is about understanding written texts. It

involves both perception and thought. It is also an interactive process that goes on

between the reader and the text, resulting in comprehending the text. The text

present letter, words, sentences, and paragraph that encode meaning. The reader

uses knowledge, skills, and strategies to determine the meaning. So, it means

reading is one of the skills which has to be mastered, because by reading, the

students can understand what the writer informs to the reader.

According to Grabe and Stoller (2002), reading comprehension is the ability

to understand information in a text and interpret it appropriately. Reading without

comprehension is nonsense and useless. They are related to each other and cannot

be separated. Comprehend has the same meaning with understanding. It means

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reading comprehension is the essence of the reading process from what is being

read and to find out the meaning from the text.

 CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Reading Comprehension

Reading is an activity to understand the content of the text that we read. By

reading, reader can get any message and information which can increase

knowledge. According to Pang et al. (2003), reading is about understanding

written texts and comprehension is the process of making sense of words,

sentences and connected text. Reading comprehension involves both perception

and thought. Readers will use background of knowledge, vocabulary, grammatical

knowledge, and other strategies to help them to understand a written text. It means

reading is a process of communication between the writer and the reader. The

writer has a message such feeling, facts, ideas, and arguments they want to share.

Then, the writer puts the message into the words. So, reading is a way in which

something interpreted or understood. Reading does not only mean to understand

the words or the grammar. It is not just translating but reading is thinking, in order

to read well in English reading material text, and the reader must think what the

text means.

English is a foreign language for Indonesia students. It is certainly not easy

for students to interpret the meaning or the idea from written text. Because to

understand the reading text, the students must have a good competence in

knowing the meaning of words, sentences, contents, and the most important is to

know about the writer ideas.

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From the explanation above, the researcher concludes that reading

comprehension is the process of getting the meaning of the content and all

information about the topic in the text. In fact, comprehending an English text is

not easy to do for students because English is a foreign language. Many readers

are not able to catch the author’s idea because of the limitation of thinking and

analyzing the meaning of words and sentences. Therefore, the reader should have

good concentration in reading text to get the meaning of the author’s idea.

B. Reading Comprehension Strategies

In improving reading skills, the students have to practice reading a lot, and

use certain strategies. The student ability to comprehend the text depends on

their ability to use strategy to understand what writer say. It means that strategy

helps the students to comprehend the text they read. Nuttal (1982) classifies

reading strategies into four types. Those are skimming, scanning, extensive and

intensive readings.

a. Skimming

Skimming is a useful skill to be applied in reading. Grellet (1999) stated that

skimming means glance rapidly over a text to get the gist of it. It means skimming

is used to build students confidence and an understanding that it is possible to gain

meaning without reading every word in a text. Skimming assists the readers to

understand the main idea of the text before reading it carefully. Students can do

skimming in several ways such as reading the title or the other heading and look at
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the picture, reading the first and the last paragraph of the text (Islam and

Steenburgh, 2009).

b. Scanning

Scanning means glancing rapidly through a text to search for a specific

piece of information (Grellet, 1981). It means that scanning is the ability to read a

text quickly in order to find specific information that is needed like a date, a

figure, or a name and ignore over all unimportant information. For example, a

student scan the list of name in a telephone directory to find a phone number.

Scanning helps the reader find information quickly without reading the whole

text.

c. Extensive Reading

In extensive reading, the readers usually face a longer text. In reading, the

readers need a total understanding of writing. According to Brown (2001),

extensive reading is carried out to achieve a general understanding of a text. Long

and Richards (1987) identify extensive reading as occurring when the students

read large amounts of high interest material, concentrating of meaning, reading for

gist and skips unknown the words. So, the aims of extensive reading are to build

the readers’ confidence and enjoyment.

d. Intensive Reading

Intensive reading is reading for detail. It usually has a shorter text. A reader

usually wants to get some specific information. According to Macleod (2011),

intensive reading exercises may include looking at main ideas versus details,
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understanding of what the text implies, making inferences, looking at the order of

information and how it affects the message, identifying words that connect one

idea to another and identifying words that indicate change from one section to

another.

C. Reading Comprehension Aspects

According to Nuttal (1982), there are five aspects of reading comprehension

which the students should comprehend a text well, such as determining main idea,

locating reference, making inference, detail information, and the understanding

vocabulary. These aspects are regards as difficulties that the students encounter in

comprehending the text.

a. Determining Main Idea

The main idea is a statement that tells the author’s point about the topic.

According to Longan (2002), said that finding main idea is a key to understand a

paragraph or short selection. The main idea is usually located in a sentence, it is

usually the first sentence but it can be in the middle or in the last sentence (Vener,

2002). Therefore, this can make the main idea more difficult to find. The students

may get confused to see what the main idea of a passage is, and where the main

idea is located.

b. Locating Reference

Reference is antecedent of a pronoun. The antecedent is a word or phrase

to which a pronoun refers (Sharpe, 2005). In identifying reference, the students

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are expected to understand for what the pronouns in the sentences are used such

as the pronouns that are used to show people, place, or situation.

c. Understanding Vocabulary

The student expands their knowledge of vocabulary while he is reading a

passage, such as by finding out new words meaning in dictionary and guessing

the meaning from the context. Context helps students making a general prediction

about the meaning (Sharpe, 2005). It means that making prediction from the

context will help students understand the meaning of a passage without stopping

looks up every new word in a dictionary. In fact, one of the problems readers

have difficulties in understanding material is that they have lack of vocabularies.

d. Making Inference

In making of inference, the students are expected to comprehend the text

to find the conclusion of the statements in the text. Kopitski (2007) stated that

readers need to practice combining clues from the text with their background

knowledge in order to make inferences. It means that the clues in the text will

help students to build assumption and draw conclusion. So they can answer the

questions. These questions are often stated in one the following form:

“From the passage, we can conclude that ..”,

“It can be inferred from the passage…”,

“what the meaning of the statement above?”.

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Therefore, sometimes the students are difficult to find the conclusion of the

text because the meaning of the statement is not written on the text.

e. Detail Information

The last type of question that is usually found in reading test is detail

question or information. This question used to check students ability to

understand material that is directly stated in the text. Some example of detail

question fall in the following pattern:

“According to the passage, who were fighting for the conversation in the

forest?”,

“All of the following are the true except..”,

“A person, date, or place is,,,”.

In understanding and answering detail question, the students can use

scanning strategy. In addition, to find out the answer of detail question, the reader

can note or underline the key word in the question, and then scan the passage for

that words synonym.

D. Reading Comprehension Challenges

Difficulty is something that complicated to do (Richard 2007, as cited in

Wahab 2012). It will be seen from students’ mistake or error learning process. In

fact, many senior high school students often find the difficulties in reading

comprehension. These difficulties result the student’s poor performance in reading

test. Thus, from these factors arise some difficulties in reading comprehension.
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Factors difficulties that faced by students divided into external and internal.

Internal factor includes physics, intellectual, and psychological. While external

factors include family and school environments (Rahim, 2006). There are some

internal factors that influence the students in reading comprehension that are

generally found by the reader during reading, namely; difficulty in understanding

long sentence and text, difficulty that is caused by limited background knowledge,

difficulty in using reading strategies and difficulty in concentration (Fajar: 2009).

a. Difficulty in understanding long sentence

In a common problem that most of students finds difficulty in understanding

the long sentence with complicated structure. It is supported by report of Barfield

(1999) that shows almost 12 percent of students had difficulty in understanding

long sentences in graded story and 20 percent in academic text. Therefore, the

effect of this problem is the students who cannot comprehending long sentence

they fail to understand the main idea presented in the text.

b. Difficulty in Using Reading Strategies

The students who lack of reading strategies often fails in understanding the

text. The students who are not familiar with reading strategies such as skimming

and scanning will feel down and frustrated because they lack of tool necessary to

succeed in reading comprehension test (Duarte, 2005). There are characteristics of

the students who lack in use of reading strategies. First, the students read word by

word within the text, relying too heavily on their visual information, which greatly

impedes their reading speed and hampers their reading comprehension. Second,
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the students spent a lot attention on detail with the result they often miss the main

idea of the text. Third, they just focused too much attention on form of the

expense meaning. Furthermore, the students who do not possess effective reading

strategies may be difficulty to deal with reading comprehension test. (Mei-yu,

1998 as cited by Fajar, 2009).

c. Difficulty in Concentration

Difficulty in concentration during reading can be caused by a psychological

factor. Bad concentration will lead the students fail to comprehend the text. It can

be worse when the students do reading test. Difficulty in concentration is another

reason for students’ poor reading because concentration is an important factor for

a good and effective reading. Shaw (1959) states that comprehension of a text

results from reading with concentration. But students, in most cases, cannot or do

not concentrate properly while reading.

According to Peter (2001), there are external factors that influence the

students in reading comprehension are reader environment. The environment

factors can also influence the students in mastering and in learning English. Home

and school are the two kinds of learners’ environment that can influence their

learning reading achievement.

a. House environment

It cannot be neglected that parents play important role in the home.

Freeman and Long (1990) stated that every students needs attention from their

parents to reach their learning achievement. Since learning English is not the same
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as learning Indonesia, children’s need parents or his/her family attention to learn

about English. Learning reading without family attention will make students feel

difficult in learning. They can feel down if no one support them to learn English

text.

b. School environment

The school environment also can be a cause of students learning difficulties

in reading comprehension, such as school with lack of learning media. The lack of

learning media such as English books, magazines or newspapers make reading

learning process become ineffective and will be impeding students in

understanding the material.

E. Reading Comprehension at Senior High School

Reading comprehension means to understand what has been read. English

has been taught as a foreign language in Indonesia. However, it does not mean

that the result of teaching English in the school was satisfying, even though the

fact is teaching reading process are continuously being taught within three years at

senior high school. Reading makes students enjoy their learning process and gives

several advantages in finding some information that is needed. It is an unlimited

area that makes students learn about many things, such as education, politic,

social, culture, religion, and health. All of that information can be obtained by

reading.

Nowadays, at senior high school, teaching reading intends to develop

students’ skill in reading comprehension. Based on the basic competence 2013 of

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the first grade senior high school, the students are expected to comprehend social

function, text structure, and language features in reading descriptive, narrative,

recount texts, expository texts and so on in oral and written form. However, in a

real situation, the students do not achieve the curriculum expectation and have

lower ability in reading comprehension. In addition, to overcome the difficulties

of students in reading, teachers must first find out or know what difficulties

experienced by students during the reading process and factors that cause

difficulty in reading.
 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design

The methods that was used in this research was descriptive quantitative.

Descriptive quantitative research is scientific investigation which explains

phenomena by using numbers. In this study, the researcher will described the

students difficulties in reading comprehension at the first grade of senior high

school.

B. Sampling

The population of the study was the first grade of Senior High School 1

Lambaro Angan. The researcher chose IPA class which consist of 19 students.

There were just only one class of the first grade; IPA. The researcher used total

sampling.

C. Data Collection Methods

In this research, the writer collected data by using reading comprehension

test and questionnaire as the instrument to collect the data.

a. Test

The researcher gave reading test to the students to measure the students’

comprehensibility in reading. By giving the reading test, the researcher tried to

find out whether the students can answer the test well or not. The right and the

wrong answer from the students were used as an indicator whether the students

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find the difficulties or not. In order to get the data, the writer adopted two text

from the English magazine “HighEndTeen”. The researcher conducted a test

which consists of 10 multiple choice questions in two cycle. The researcher also

used five aspects of reading comprehension in this test. The five aspects of

reading comprehension were determining main idea, making inference,

identifying reference, finding specific information, and the understanding

meaning of words or vocabulary.

b. Questionnaire

Spreading questionnaire to the students was a way to get more concrete data

students’ factors difficulty in reading comprehension. Questionnaire was one of the

ways to know the factor difficulties faced by students in reading comprehension. In

this case, the form of questionnaire was closed with the alternative answer that

would be chosen by the students.

D. Data Analysis

a. The analysis of the Test

The procedure of data analysis is as following. First, the researcher

calculated the result of the students’ test by using the scale that used by Arikunto

(1989):

S = R x 100%
N
Where,

S = Correct Percentage
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R = Correct answers

N = Total Questions

The researcher calculated the index of difficulty of the question items using

analysis of difficulty index adopted in Arikunto (2008):

P=B
JS
Where,

P = Proportion or index of difficulty

B = Number of the students who answer the item correctly

JS = The total number of the students

And the interpretation for index of difficulty was classified as follow:

The Classification of P Value:

Interval Classification
0.00 – 0.30 Difficult
0.3 – 0.70 Fair
0.71 – 1.00 Easy

The classification of value difficulty, adopted in Arikunto (1998:246)

Interval Classification
0– 30 Easy
30 – 70 Fair
71 – 100 Difficult

Then, to find which question types were difficult for students, the

researcher divided the question items based on its type. Finally, the researcher

also used the measurement of percentage to know the percent of difficult item of
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each question types. It used the following formula as Sudijino (2001: 40)

suggested:

P = F x 100%
N
Where,

P = Proportion or index of difficulty

F = Number of the students who answer the item incorrect

N = The total number of the students

The researcher also measured the average percentages of incorrect answer

by using measurement of the mean:

A = ∑p
N
Where,

A = Average

∑p = The total percentage of incorrectness

N = The total of the students

b. The analysis of questionnaire

Questionnaire was one of supporting techniques the researcher aimed to

identify students’ perception, opinion, problem, and their ability in reading

comprehension. In this case, the form of questionnaire was closed with the

alternative answer that would be chosen by the students. Students chose only the
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best answer which are suitable to themselves. Questionnaire contained 8 questions

that need to be responded correctly by the students. To analyze the questionnaire,

the researcher used the following formula as Sudjono (2001: 43):

P = F x 100%
N
Where,

P= Percentage

F= Frequency

N= The total number of the respondents

 CHAPTER IV
DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

A. Research Demography

a. The School

This research was conducted at SMAN 1 Darussalam which is located at

Lambaro Angan, Aceh Besar. At this time, the school is led by Dr. Husna Husen

M. Pd.

Table 4.1 The Facilities of the School

No. Facilities Total
1 Class Room 6
2 Teachers’ Room 1
3 Head master’s office 1
4 Administration Office 1
5 Library 1
6 Multimedia Room 1
7 Science Laboratory 1
8 Toilet 6
9 Prayer room 1
Total 19
Archive: Administration’s Office

Based on the data given by the administration officer, the school has six

classes: two of the classes are for the first grade students, then two classes are for

the second grade students, and other two classes are for the third grade students. It

has also a science laboratory, and two sport arena; basketball and volley ball field.

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b. The school staff

The total of the teacher at SMAN 1 Darussalam are 16 teachers. Eight of the

teachers are non-permanent teachers, and eight of the teachers are permanent

teachers. There are two English teachers.

c. The Students

SMAN 1 Darussalam has 74 students. They are classified into three classes.

The first grade consists of 19 students. The second grade consists of 34 students,

and the third grade consist 23 of students. The following table shows more detail

about the students of the school.

Table 4.2 Class classification in the school

No. Class Total

1 VII 1 19
2 VIII 1 17
3 VIII 2 17
4 IX 1 12
5 IX 2 11
Total 74

B. The Analysis of the Test

Finding of the research conducted by the researcher focuses in the

difficulties faced by the students in reading comprehension. The following table

presents the frequency of the students’ correct answer and score in reading

comprehension test.
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Table 4.3 The Frequency of the Students’ Correct Answer and Score of

Reading Comprehension Test

No. Correct Frequency Score

answer
1. 17 2 89
2. 15 4 79
3. 14 3 74
4. 13 5 68
5. 12 2 63
6. 10 2 52
7. 9 1 47
Mean score 07

Based on the above table, it shows that the first grade students of SMAN 1

Darussalam could not answer all of questions correctly. Only 6 of 19 students who

could answer 17 reading comprehension’s question correctly from the total of 20

questions. Moreover, the mean score of all students is 70%. Thus, it indicates that

the students have difficulties in answering reading comprehension test. It shows

that the student cannot achieve the minimum criterion of completeness (KKM)

score of English subject.

The lowest score of the minimum criteria of completeness (KKM) is 75 and

highest score is 100. It means only six students achieved the KKM score; two of

students got 89 and four of students got 79. Therefore, based on the explanation

above, it can be stated that the students’ reading skill is still low.

From the calculation of index of difficulty, it found that there are 5 question

items categorized as easy question, 7 question items categorized as fair questions

 26

and 8 questions items categorized as difficult questions. Futhermore, the most

difficult question item is the question number 6 which the index of difficulty is

0.15 and the easiest question item are the question number 10 and 17 which the

index of difficulty for this question is 0,94. To find which types of question items

are difficult for the students, the question items were divided into five types that

are main idea, locating reference, vocabulary, making inference, and detail

information questions.

a. The Students’ Difficulty in Answering Main Idea Questions

The writer created four questions for finding main ideas of the passages.

The question items for getting the main idea are questions 6, 9, 1 and 4.

Table 4.4 The Calculation of the Percentage of Difficult in Answering Main

idea Questions.

No. Question The number of Percentage of The percentage

items’ incorrect difficulty per of reading for
number answer question item main idea
(%) difficulty
1. 6 16 84% 74%
2. 9 14 73%
3. 1 12 63%
4. 4 15 78%

The result reveals that 16 of the students (84%) answered question number 6
incorrectly. It shows that the questions are categorized difficult. Furthermore, it is
14 of the students (73%) answered question number 9 incorrectly. It means that it
is categorized difficult. Moreover, 12 (63%) of the students answered question
number 1 incorrectly. It means that it is categorized fair. Question number 4 are
answered by 15 of the students (78%). It means that it is categorized difficult.
Based on the calculation of percentage of difficult, it found that the difficult item
 27

percentage for this type of question only 74% out of four questions items. It
means that the questions are categorized difficult for students in answering main
idea questions.

b. The Students’ Difficulty in Answering Locating Referency Questions

For locating reference questions, there are four questions. The questions

items for locating reference appeared in question 4, 8, 3 and 5. For detail, it is at

the following table.

Table 4.5 The Calculation of the Percentage of Difficult in Answering

Locating reference Questions.

No. Question The number of Percentage of The percentage of

items’ incorrect difficulty per reading for locating
number answer question item (%) reference difficulty
1. 4 11 58% 71%
2. 8 14 74%
3. 3 14 74%
4. 5 15 78%

The result shows that 11 of the students (57%) answered question number 4

incorrectly. It means that the level of difficulty is fair. Otherwise, 14 (73%) of the

students answered question number 8 and 3 incorrectly. It means that the

questions are difficult to answer for students. Besides, question number 5 could

not be answered by 15 of the students (78%). It means that the questions is

difficult to answer. Based on the table above, the difficulty item percentage that

the students have for locating reference is 71% of four question items. It can be

concluded that the questions are difficult for students in answering locating

references.
 28

c. The Students’ Difficulty in Answering Vocabulary Questions

There are four question items asking the students to find out the most

similar words which could replace the words presented in the passages. For the

calculation of percentage of difficulty for understanding vocabulary questions, the

result is presented in the following table.

Table 4.6 The Calculation of the Percentage of Difficult in Answering

vocabulary Questions.

No. Question The number of Percentage of The percentage of

items’ incorrect difficulty per reading for
number answer question item understanding
(%) vocabulary
difficulty
1. 2 6 31% 37%
2. 7 8 42%
3. 8 4 21%
4. 11 11 57%

The percentage of the students’ difficulty in understanding vocabulary of the

passage varied from 21% to 57%. There are 6 of the students (31%) answered

question number 2 incorrectly. It means that the question is categorized fair for

students. Otherwise, 8 of the students (42%) answered question number 2

incorrectly. It means that the question is categorized fair. Besides, 4 of the

students (21%) answered number 8 incorrectly. It means that the question is

categorized easy question for students. 11 of the students (57%) answered

question number 10 incorrectly. It means that it is also categorized fair. In short, it

is 37% of difficulty faced by the students in understanding vocabulary of reading

 29

comprehension. It can be concluded that the questions are categorized fair

questions for students in answering vocabulary questions.

d. The Students’ Difficulty in Answering Making Inference Questions

The researcher provided four question items to find out the difficulty in

making inference of the passage. The question items number for making inference

appeared in question 1, 5, 6 and 9. The following table presents the difficult item

percentage for making inference questions.

Table 4.7 The Calculation of the Percentage of Difficult in Answering

Making inference Questions.

No. Question The number Percentage of The percentage of

items’ of incorrect difficulty per reading for
number answer question item making inference
(%) difficulty
1. 1 12 63% 56%
2. 5 14 73%
3. 6 10 52%
4. 9 7 36%

The result shows that 12 of the students (63%) answered question number 1

incorrectly. It means that the question is categorized fair. Otherwise, 14 of the

students (73%) answered question number 5 incorrectly. It means that the

question is difficult question for students. There are question number 6 could not

be answered correctly by 10 of the students (52%). It means that the question is

categorized fair. Furthermore, 7 of the students (36%) who answered question

number 9 incorrectly. It means that the question is categorized easy. Moreover,

the percentage of difficult item for this types is 56% of four question items. It
 30

means that the question is categorized fair. It can be concluded that the students

have fair level of difficulty in answering making inferences questions.

e. The Students’ Difficulty in Answering Detail Information Questions

For detail information, there are four questions provided by the researcher

(question 3, 10, 2, and 7). The following table provides the percentage of

difficulty item for detail information questions.

Table 4.8 The Calculation of the Percentage of Difficult in Answering Detail

Information Questions.

No. Question The number Percentage of The percentage of

items’ of incorrect difficulty per reading for detail
number answer question item information
(%) difficulty
1. 3 3 15% 9%
2. 11 1 5%
3. 2 2 10%
4. 7 1 5%

Based on the table above, it found that 3 of the students (15%) answered

question number 3 incorrectly. It means that the question is easy for students.

There are 2 of the students (10%) answered the questions number 2 incorrectly. It

means that the question is easy question. Moreover, question number 10 and 7 got

the same percentage 5%. It means that the level questions of difficulty is easy.

Furthermore, the calculation of the percentage of difficult item that the students

have for detail information questions is 9% of four question items. It means that

the students do not have a lot difficulties in answering detail information

questions.
 31

In order to simplify the distribution of the percentage of difficulty item in

reading comprehension text questions, the researcher presents the percentage of

the difficulty item in the following chart.

Chart of The Percentage of Difficulty Question Items of Reading

Comprehension

80
Main Idea
70
60
Detail Information
50
40 Making Inference
30
20 Locating Reference
10
0 Vocabulary

Based on the percentage of difficult item in the chart above, the writer

summarizes that three types are categorized as difficult question types with the

percentage of difficult item above 56%. Those the question types are reading for

main idea, making inferences, and locating reference. Moreover, reading for main

idea question is the most difficult question type which the percentage of difficult

item is 74%. Meanwhile, understanding vocabulary and detail question is

considered as fair question types with the percentage item below 9%.
 32

C. The analysis of Questionnaire

The questionnaires is one of data collection methods. The purpose of

questionnaire is to find out the factors difficulties faced by students in reading

comprehension at the first grade of SMAN 1 Darussalam. In the process of giving

questionnaire to the students, the researcher provided 20 minutes to answer it.

Then, the writer guided the students how to answer the questions and suggested

them to choose the suitable answer based on their opinion. In analyzing the data,

the writer used frequency distribution formula, as mentioned in the previous

chapter. The result can be seen in the table below.

Table. 4.9 Students’ understanding about vocabulary of the text

Option Frequency Percentage
Always 0 0%
Often 16 84%
Seldom 3 16%
Never 0 0%
19 100%

Table 5.1 indicates that 16 of the students (84%) answered “often”, it means

that it is easy for the students in understanding vocabulary of the text. In addition,

3 of the students (16%) answered “seldom”. It means that it is categorized

difficult for the students in understanding vocabulary of the text. However, none

of them answered always and never. It can be concluded that the most students

have problem in understanding vocabulary of text.

 33

Table. 4.10 Students’ understanding about the intent of the text.

Option Frequency Percentage
Always 15 79%
Often 0 0%
Seldom 4 21%
Never 0 0%
19 100%

The table explains that 15 of the students (79%) answered “always”, it

means that it is difficult for the students in understanding the intent of the text.

Moreover, 4 of the students (21%) answered “seldom”, it means that it is

categorized easy for students in understanding the intent of the text. However,

none of the students chose never. It can be concluded that the students have

difficulty in understanding the intent of the text.

Table. 4.11 Students’ difficulty in concentration of the text

Option Frequency Percentage
Always 15 79%
Often 4 21%
Seldom 0 0%
Never 0 0%
19 100%

Based on the text above, there are 15 of the students (79%) answered

“always”. It means that it is difficult for students in concentration of the text. In

addition, 4 of the students (21%) chose “often”. It means that it is categorized

easy for students in concentration of the text. However, none of the students chose

“seldom” or “never”. It can be concluded that all of the students have difficulty in

concentration of the text.

 34

Table. 4.12 Students’ understanding about the strategies of reading text

Option Frequency Percentage
Always 0 0%
Often 2 11%
Seldom 0 0%
Never 17 89%
19 100%

According to the table, it shows that 17 of the students (89%) answered

“never”. It means that it is difficult for students in understanding the strategies of

reading text. Furthermore, 2 of the students (11%) answered “often”. It means that

it is easy for some students to understand strategies of reading text. However,

none of the students answered “seldom” or “always”. From this result, it can be

concluded that the students have difficulty in understanding the strategies of

reading text.

Table. 4.13 Students’ motivation from family in reading English text

Option Frequency Percentage
Always 4 21%
Often 0 0%
Seldom 15 79%
Never 0 0%
19 100%

From the table above, it shows that 15 of the students (79%) chose

“seldom”, it means that it is categorized difficult because the students do not get

the support from their family in learning English especially in learning reading

text. Moreover, 4 of the students (21%) chose “always”. It means that it is

categorized easy for the students because the students have support from their

family. However, none of the students answered “never” or “often”. From this
 35

result, it can be concluded that students have difficulty influenced by the family

factor in supporting the student in reading English text.

Table. 4.14 Students’ perception about availability of learning media at

the library
Option Frequency Percentage
Always 3 16%
often 0 0%
Seldom 16 84%
Never 0 0%
19 100%

The table shows that 16 of the students (84%) chose “seldom”, it means that

it is categorized difficult for students in learning English because the library do

not provide the English book for students. Moreover, 3 of the students (16%)

chose “always”. It means that it is categorized easy for students in learning

English because the library provide the English book. However, none of them

chose “often” or “never”. It means that most students have difficulty in the school

exactly library.

Table. 4.15 Students’ difficulty in determining main idea of the text.

Option Frequency Percentage
Always 18 95%
Often 1 5%
Seldom 0 0%
Never 0 0%
19 100%

The table above shows that the most of the students have difficulty in

determining main idea of the text. In detail, 18 of the students (89%) chose

“always”. It means that it is categorized difficult for students in determining main

idea of the text. Furthermore, 1 (5%) of the students chose “often”. It means that it
 36

is categorized easy for students in determining main idea of the text. However,

none of the students chose “seldom” or “never”. It can be concluded that most of

the students have difficulty in determine main idea of the text.

Table. 4.16 Students’ understanding of grammatical structure of the text

Option Frequency Percentage
Always 0 0%
Often 3 16%
Seldom 0 0%
Never 16 84%
19 100%

Table 5.8 indicates that 16 of the students (84%) chose “never”. It means

that the students have difficulty in understanding grammatical structure of the

text. In addition, 3 of the students (16%) answered “often”. It means that the

students pretending that it is easy for students in understanding grammatical

structure of the text. However, none of them answered always and seldom. It can

be concluded that the most students have problem in understanding grammatical

structure of the text.

Table. 4.17 Students’ understanding about the context of the text

Option Frequency Percentage
Always 0 0%
Often 4 21%
Seldom 15 79%
Never 0 0%
19 100%

According to the table, it showed that 15 of the students (79%) answered

“seldom”. It means that it is categorized difficult for students in understanding the

context of the text. Moreover, 4 of the students (21%) answered “often”. It means
 37

that it is categorized as easy for students in understanding the context of the text.

However, none of the students answered “seldom” or “never”. From this result, it

means that the students who have difficulty in understanding the contexts of the

text.

Table. 4.18 Students’ difficulty in determining inferences of the text

Option Frequency Percentage
Always 16 84%
Often 3 16%
Seldom 0 0%
Never 0 0%
19 100%

Table 5.10 indicates that 16 of the students (84%) answered “always”. It

means that the students have difficulty in in determining inferences of the text. In

addition, 3 of the students (16%) answered “sometimes”. It means that it is easy

for students in determining inferences of the text. However, none of them

answered “seldom” and “never”. It can be concluded that the most students have

difficulty in determining inferences of the text.

D. Discussion of the Result

The result of the test to 19 of the first year students of SMAN 1 Darussalam

showed that the students have difficulty in answering the reading comprehension

test. In general, from the result of the students’ test score (see table 4.3) only two

students could answer correctly 17 question items of 20 question items with the

test score of 89, 4. Meanwhile, most of the students got the score below 56%.

Therefore, the students’ mean score is only 70.

 38

Moreover, based on the calculation of index difficulty of each question item

(see Appendix 4) it is found that there are 5 question items categorized as easy

question, 7 question items categorized as fair questions and 8 questions items

categorized as difficult questions. Specifically, the calculation of index difficulty

showed that the test item number 5, 6, 8, 9, 1, 3, 4, and 5 are categorized as

difficult question for the students. Then, some students from 19 students could

answer these questions correctly. Only five students could answer question

number 5, 8, 9, and 13. Only 3 students could answered the item number 6

correctly. Moreover, 4 students could answer number 1, 4, and 5. The question

number 6 is categorized as the most difficult question with the index of difficulty

0, 15 as only 3 students could answer this question correctly.

The question item number 1, 5, 6, and 9 are making inference questions (see

table 4.7). The students found difficulty to answer this type of question as the

percentage of difficulty item for this question is 56%. The students need to look

and use context clue in the passage since the answer of making inference question

is not directly stated within the passage in order the students could answer the

inference question correctly.

Furthermore, for main idea questions, most of the question items of this type

are considered as difficult question for the students (see Appendix 4). Moreover,

the percentage of difficulty item of this type is 74%. Based on the percentage of

all difficulty item presented in table 4.4, main idea question is the most difficult

question for the students.

 39

The test item number 4, 8, 3 and 5 are locating reference questions. Three

question items of four questions are categorized difficult question. Those item

number 8, 3 and 5 (see appendix 4). Locating reference question is considered as

difficult question for the students since the percentage of difficulty item for this

question is 71% (see table 4.5).

Meanwhile, vocabulary questions and detail information question are not

considered as difficult question because the percentage of difficulty item this

questions is below 37%. For vocabulary questions, the percentage of difficult item

is 37% since only one question of four question items is categorized difficult

question for the students (see appendix 4). For detail question, four question items

are categorized easy question for the students (see appendix 4). Therefore, the

percentage of difficulty item for detail information question is 9%.

From the discussion above, some difficulties faced by the first year students

of SMAN 1 Darussalam in reading comprehension test are difficulty in answering

main idea questions, difficulty in answering making inference, and difficulty in

answering locating reference questions. The most difficult aspect encountered by

the first grade students in reading comprehension is finding main idea questions,

because the located of main idea it is difficult to find.

Based on the review of literature in the chapter two, the research finding of

questionnaire, the researcher also concluded that there are some factors that

influence the students in comprehending English text. First, the students are

difficult to know grammatical of sentence like using subject pronoun, object

 40

pronoun, and possessive pronoun of sentences in the text. Second, the students are

difficult to understand long sentences, it made the students difficult to concentrate.

Third, the effect of poor of learning media and support from the family which

make imped the students in understanding about the material, and lack of

knowledge about the strategies of reading comprehension.

 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion

In the previous chapter the researcher had stated that the purpose of this

research was to find out the difficulties faced by the first grade students of SMAN

1 Darussalam in reading comprehension. The students’ difficulties were related to

the question types of reading comprehension test. After analyzing the data gained

from the test, the writer concluded that the first grade students of SMAN 1

Darussalam have difficulties in answering reading comprehension test. From five

types of reading comprehension question, three types of them are categorized as

difficult question types for the students.

The difficulties faced by the students are difficulty in answering main idea

questions (74%), making inferences questions (56%), and locating reference

questions (71%). Therefore, the most difficult aspect faced by the first grade

students is reading for getting main idea with (74%). As the result, most of the

students had difficulty in achieving the standard grade for reading comprehension

test. This can be seen from the mean score of the students (70) for reading

comprehension test.

This study also provided reasons factors why the students faced difficulties

with these questions. Mostly, the students failed in the reading comprehension

tests because of poor vocabulary, poor mastery of grammar, difficult to

41
 42

understand long sentences and text, poor of media learning or support from the

family, and lack of knowledge about strategies of reading comprehension.

B. Suggestion

From the conclusion above, the writer tries to formulate some

recommendations for both the teachers and the first grade students of SMAN 1

Darussalam which can be useful for them in preparation to face the test reading

comprehension. For the students, they should learn more about the reading

comprehension such as reading skills, reading strategies, and test-taking strategy

for reading test that can be useful when they deal with reading comprehension

test.

Moreover, frequent practice in reading and doing reading comprehension

test may assist the students to have reliable comprehension and be familiar with

the reading test, so it may minimize the students’ difficulties in reading

comprehension test. Meanwhile, for the teachers, it is expected that they teach the

students how to improve their ability in reading comprehension, especially skill

and strategies in reading comprehension test in order to help the students to

overcome difficulties in reading comprehension of English text. The teacher

should provide an interesting material to improve students reading ability, such as

providing the students with authentic material. It is suggested that teachers need to

apply various teaching techniques in teaching reading in order to achieve better

reading comprehension. The teachers need to teach their students about the
 43

different types of reading comprehension question to make these questions more

comprehensible and more understood by the students.

 44

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46
47
48
49
 50

Appendix IV
Text 1
The Question Items
No. Question Items Reading Aspects
1. 1 Making Inferences
2. 2 Vocabulary
3. 3 Detail Information
4. 4 Locating Reference
5. 5 Making Inference
6. 6 Main Idea
7. 7 Vocabulary
8. 8 Locating Reference
9. 9 Main Idea
10. 10 Detail Information

Text 2
The Question Items
No. Question Items Reading Aspects
1. 1 Main Idea
2. 2 Detail Information
3. 3 Locating Reference
4. 4 Main Idea
5. 5 Locating Reference
6. 6 Making Inference
7. 7 Detail Information
8. 8 Vocabulary
9. 9 Making Inference
10. 10 Vocabulary
 51

Appendix V

GAPSCO Futsal Tournament

GAPSCO, which stands for “PSKD 3 Competition”, is an annual

tournament held by all PSKD schools in turn. This year, it’s PSKD 3’s turn to

host. Seventeen participating schools from all over Jakarta were grouped into two

categories: Junior High and Senior High. Through the Futsal matches, the event

aims to build sportsmanship among students from various schools.

With more crowds digging Futsal, it’s no surprise that many schools,

including PSKD 3, are holding an annual Futsal Tournament. Derived from the

Portuguese futebol de salao and Spanish futbal de salon, Futsal is an indoor

football sport. Different from soccer, it’s played between two teams of five

players, including a goalkeeper. Also, Futsal is played with a smaller ball which

bounces lee than the normal soccer ball.

GAPSCO 2011 was held from March 28 to April 1. This three-day event

was opened with a dance to pump up the scene. During the Futsal tournament, all

teams were in high spirit to compete and focused on winning the trophy. Using

the competition schema, the teams advance after defeating opponents through

preliminaries, quarter- final, semifinals, and finals. Participants say, winning is

more than trying to get the Rp. 750,00 cash prize for the winner or the Rp.

500,000 for the runner up. They all had great time.

HET chatted with one of the student council member, our very own

STARTEEN finalist, Destanya Zefanya, about her school event. “it was not an
 52

easy task to do, especially finding sponsors to support this event”, said Tanya.

“We went through a couple of changes in our proposal, which is a good

experience for us (students council), as we get to learn how to make a good

proposal and negotiate with companies, etc. “HET witness how the PSKD 3’s

hard work paid off with four sponsors, and how they mad GAPSCO 2011 a

success ! GAPSCO 2012 will be held in the same venue, PSKD 3.

(Adopted from HighEnd Teen Magazine, May 2011: 124, Jakarta, PT. Media

Nusantara Citra)

Choose one the correct answer based on the text!!!

1. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?

a. PSKD 3 Competition is an annual tournament which held by PSKD

school

b. PSKD 3’ is turn to host in tournament schools

c. Futsal matches is to build sportsmanship among students from

different school

d. The participants are several school from Jakarta between junior and

senior high.

2. What the word “different” in line 9 means…

a. Similar c. Same

b. Identical d. Dissimilar

3. What is the purpose of the tournament based on the next?

a. To maintain sportsmanship among students from different school

 53

b. To get the cash prize of the futsal tournament

c. To have a great time of the futsal tournament

d. To learn how to make a good proposal and negotiate with companies

4. The word “it’s” in line 9 refers to…

a. Futsal c. GAPSCO

b. PSKD 3 d. Football

5. What does the second paragraph imply?

a. GAPSCO 2011 was held on 28 March

b. All teams want to be a winner in competition

c. There are 17 teams in GAPSCO Futsal tournament

d. All teams do not make a foul in competition

6. What is the main idea of the third paragraph?

a. The futsal competition was held in 3 days was opened with a dance

b. During the competition all teams had a fantastic situation

c. All teams want to be a winner in the competition

d. The winner will get the Rp. 750,000- cash prize in the competition

7. The word “spirit” in line 14 means..

a. Show up c. Sprite

b. Performance d. Enthusiasm

8. The word “they” in line 18 refers to….

a. Students’ c. Participants

b. The winner d. GAPSCO

9. What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph?

 54

a. Destanya Zefanya is one of the student council members

b. PSKS 3’s students had made the competition successfully

c. The students try to find sponsors to support competition

d. The students learn to make a good proposal of the competition

10. How many players in a Futsal team?

a. 5 c. 7

b. 6 d. 11
 55

Kecak and Fire Dance

It’s always good when your flight on holiday is on time. After a 1,5-hour

flight from Jakarta to Denpasar, the first thing in mind was trying to catch up the

Kecak and Fire Dance at the Pura (Balinese Hindu Temple) Uluwatu. Located at

the southwest tip of Bali, Uluwatu takes about an hour drive from Ngura Rai

Airport.

As the sun sets in the majestic background of the arena, show starts. A

group men made around formation and began to chant “cak…cak…cak...” and

made other sounds. This must be the world’s most collosal acapella group. The

Kecak in Uluwatu adopt the Hindu epic, Rama and Sinta – a story of love,

friendship, and courage. The dialogues use Balinese. To keep up with the story,

the visitors receive handouts in their own languages from English Japanese,

Russian, Korean, and Chinese.

As the breathtaking background of the sun meets the horizon and its

magical colors appear, the story comes to its climax. The mystical aura provided

by the chants is topped off with a spectacular scene as Hanoman, the monkey god

and the guy in this story, escapes a ring of fire set the evil characters. At the end

of the day, good always prevails against evil.

The dancer from Sanggar Karang Boma were spectacular and entertaining,

with several comical acts interaction to entertain the audience, to make them as

part of the show too, “I made Leper, the dancer club’s spokesman explained.
 56

Made added that by doing so, they have done their part of preserving the culture,

and promoting tourism at the same time.

(Adopted from HighEnd Teen Magazine, May 2011: 124, Jakarta, PT. Media

Nusantara Citra)

Choose one the correct answer based on the text!!!

1. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?

a. The performance of Kecak and Fire dance

b. The dancer made around formation

c. The visitor receive the handouts

d. Kecak and Fire dance are colossal acapella group

2. How many times to reach the Pura Uluwatu from the airport?

a. 1.5- hour c. 1 hour

b. 2 hours d. 3 hours

3. The word “their” in line 10 referes to….

a. The dancer c. Rama and Sinta

b. The visitors d. Hanoman

4. What is the main idea of the third paragraph?

a. The story comes to its climax

b. The mystical aura was providing

c. The sun meets the horizon

d. The ending of Kecak and Fire dance

 57

5. The word “it’s” in line 3 refers to….

a. The story c. The dancer

b. The sun d. The horizon

6. What can be inferred from the third paragraph?

a. The lesson which can be taken that Hanoman is a monkey good

b. Hanoman is escapes a ring of fire set the evil charcters in the story

c. The lesson which can be taken that good always prevail against evil

d. The monkey god and the guys with sa pectacular scene

7. Kecak and Fire Dance are the traditional dance from?

a. Aceh c. Lombok

b. Padang d. Bali

8. The word “Spectacular” in line 14 could be replaced by….

a. Amazing c. Big

b. Magic d. Legendary

9. What does the last paragraph infer?

a. The dancer presented the traditional dance from Bali

b. Sanggar Karang Bomang isn’t a dancer club

c. I made Leper entertained the visitors

d. The dancers and visitors are part of the show

10. The word “evil” in line 16 could be replaced by…

 58

a. Iniquitous c. Good

b. Ugly d. Hideous
 59

Appendix V

The Answer Key

Text 1 Text 2

1. A 1. A

2. D 2. C

3. A 3. C

4. A 4. D

5. D 5. A

6. B 6. C

7. D 7. C

8. C 8. A

9. B 9. D

10. A 10. A
 60

Appendix VI

QUESTIONNAIRE

I. Identitas Siswa

a. Class :

b. No. Reg :

c. Male/ Female :

II. Petunjuk

- Jawablah pertanyaan dibawah ini dengan memberikan tanda silang

(X) pada salah satu pilihan yang kamu anggap paling tepat.

- Jawaban diberikan sesuai dengan keadaan sebenarnya.

1. Apakah saat membaca suatu teks Anda mengetahui semua arti dari teks

tersebut?

a. Selalu c. Jarang

b. Sering d. Tidak pernah

2. Apakah ketika membaca sebuah teks yang panjang Anda mengalami

kesulitan dalam memahami maksud teks tersebut ?

a. Selalu c. Jarang

b. Sering d. Tidak pernah

3. Apakah ketika membaca teks tersebut Anda merasa ada hal yang membuat

Anda tidak konsentrasi dalam memahami bacaan?

a. Selalu c. Jarang

b. Sering d. Tidak pernah

 61

4. Apakah ketika Anda membaca sebuah teks Anda mengerti strategi dalam

membaca teks tersebut?

a. Selalu c. Jarang

b. Sering d. Tidak pernah

5. Apakah keluarga Anda memberikan dukungan motivasi ketika Anda

membaca teks-teks berbahasa inggris ?

a. Selalu c. Jarang

b. Sering d. Tidak pernah

6. Apakah buku-buku bahasa Inggris yang berada diperpustakaan sekolah

Anda tersedia lengkap?

a. Selalu c. Jarang

b. Sering d. Tidak pernah

7. Apakah ketika membaca sebuah teks Anda mengalami kesulitan dalam

menentukan letak main ideanya ?

a. Selalu c. Jarang

b. Sering d. Tidak pernah

8. Apakah ketika dalam sebuah teks Anda menghadapi kesulitan dalam

memahami struktur grammatikal yang ada dalam teks tersebut?

a. Selalu c. Jarang

b. Sering d. Tidak pernah

9. Apakah ketika dalam sebuah teks Anda memahami semua konteks yang

ada dalam teks tersebut?

 62

a. Selalu c. Jarang

b. Sering d. Tidak pernah

10. Apakah ketika membaca sebuah teks Anda mengalami kesulitan dalam

menentukan kesimpulannya ?

c. Selalu c. Jarang

d. Sering d. Tidak pernah

 63

Appendix VII

The students test score

Students Correct Score

Number Answer
1 17 89
2 17 89
3 15 79
4 15 79
5 15 79
6 15 79
7 14 73
8 14 73
9 14 73
10 13 68
11 13 68
12 13 68
13 13 68
14 13 68
15 12 63
16 12 63
17 10 52
18 10 52
19 9 47
mean 70
 64

Appendix VIII
The calculation of index difficulty for each question item
Question The number of students Index of Level of difficulty
item who got correct answer difficulty
number (B) (P)
1 7 0.36 fair
2 13 0.68 fair
3 16 0.84 easy
4 8 0.42 fair
5 5 0.26 difficult
6 3 0.15 difficult
7 11 0.57 fair
8 5 0.26 difficult
9 5 0.26 difficult
10 18 0.94 easy
11 4 0.21 difficult
12 17 0.89 easy
13 5 0.26 difficult
14 4 0.21 difficult
15 4 0.21 difficult
16 9 0.47 fair
17 18 0.94 easy
18 15 0.78 easy
19 12 0.63 fair
20 11 0.57 fair
 65

Appendix IX
List chart of index Difficulty
1. Index of difficulty for main idea questions

0.3

0.2 0.26
0.21 0.21
0.1 0.15

0
Question 6 Question 9 Question 1 Question 4

difficult

2. Index of difficulty for locating reference questions

0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2 0.42
0.26 0.26 0.21
0.1
0
Question 4 Question 8 Question 3 Question 5

Fair Difficult

3. Index of difficulty for vocabulary questions

1
0.8
0.6
0.4 0.78
0.68 0.57 0.57
0.2
0
Question 2 Question 7 Question 8 Question 10

Fair Easy
 66

4. Index of difficulty for making inference questions

Chart Title
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Question 1 Question 5 Question 6 Question 9

Fair Difficult

5. Index of difficulty for detail information questions

Easy
0.95

0.9

0.85

0.8

0.75
Question 3 Question 10 Question 2 Question 7

Easy
 67

APPENDIX X
AUTOBIOGRAPHY
Personal Identity
Name : Dasrul Hidayati
Place and Date of Birth : Kuta Tinggi, November 29th 1995
Sex : Female
Religion : Islam
Nationality : Indonesian, Acehnese
Marital Status : Single
Occupation : Student
Address :
Email : [email protected]

Parent
Father’s Name : M. Husni RA, S. Pd
Mother’s Name : Samsinar M. Ad
Occupation : Civil Servant
Address :Tgk. Dileubok, No. 10 Desa Mata Ie. Blangpidie,
Aceh Barat Daya

Educational Background
Kindergarten : TK Dharma Wanita, Blangpidie (2000)
Primary School : SDN 1 Mata Ie, Blangpidie (2001-2007)
Junior High School : MTsN Unggul Susoh (2007-2010)