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    Cell Division

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    Enggar Prapitha
    Cell division occurs through mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells from one parent cell, while meiosis produces four haploid daughter cells from one diploid parent cell in two divisions. Meiosis I is a reduction division that separates homologous chromosomes, followed by Meiosis II which separates sister chromatids to form four haploid cells. Unique events in Meiosis I include pairing of homologous chromosomes and potential crossing over between nonsister chromatids.

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    Cell Division

    Uploaded by

    Enggar Prapitha
    109 views13 pages
    Cell division occurs through mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells from one parent cell, while meiosis produces four haploid daughter cells from one diploid parent cell in two divisions. Meiosis I is a reduction division that separates homologous chromosomes, followed by Meiosis II which separates sister chromatids to form four haploid cells. Unique events in Meiosis I include pairing of homologous chromosomes and potential crossing over between nonsister chromatids.

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    Cell division occurs through mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells from one parent cell, while meiosis produces four haploid daughter cells from one diploid parent cell in two divisions. Meiosis I is a reduction division that separates homologous chromosomes, followed by Meiosis II which separates sister chromatids to form four haploid cells. Unique events in Meiosis I include pairing of homologous chromosomes and potential crossing over between nonsister chromatids.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    109 views13 pages

    Cell Division

    Uploaded by

    Enggar Prapitha
    Cell division occurs through mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells from one parent cell, while meiosis produces four haploid daughter cells from one diploid parent cell in two divisions. Meiosis I is a reduction division that separates homologous chromosomes, followed by Meiosis II which separates sister chromatids to form four haploid cells. Unique events in Meiosis I include pairing of homologous chromosomes and potential crossing over between nonsister chromatids.

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    of 13

    CELL DIVISION

    Related term
    Cell Phase
    Why divide
    Type of Cell division
    Mitosis
    Meiosis
    RELATED TERM
    The Chromosome’s Structure
    Related Term

    ● Chromatin, is a mass of uncoiled DNA and associated proteins


    called histones
    ● Homologus, Diploid organisms have two copies of each
    chromosome (except the sex chromosomes). Each pair of
    chromosomes is homologous
    ● Gene, A small segment of DNA that contains the information
    necessary to construct a protein or part of a protein (polypeptide)
    is called a gene.
    ● Haploid, Type of cells having one complete set of chromosomes.
    ● Diploid, Type of cells having two complete sets of chromosomes.
    ● Allele, an opposant of certain pair of chromosome which
    determine the same phenotypic characters. Leading to
    homozygotic and heterozygotic.
    Cell Phase
    Why divide
    • Single-celled organisms divide to reproduce.
    • Cell division in multicellular organisms
    enables the organism to grow larger while
    the cells remain small.
    • Organisms with many cells can have cells
    which are specialized for different functions
    and tasks. For example, red blood cells are
    specialized for carrying oxygen but neurons
    (nervous tissue) are specialized for
    conducting signals from one cell to another.
    • Some cells of multicellular organisms must
    divide to produce sex cells (gametes).
    Type of Cell Division
    ● A cell divides by pinching into two. Each of two daughter cells
    produced contains genetic material inherited from the original
    (parent) cell.
    ● Type of cell division :
    Binnary fission, Prokaryotic cells do not undergo mitosis.
    When the cell divides, the circular chromosome replicates itself
    (DNA synthesis) and the cell pinches into two.
    Mitosis, produces two daughter cells that are identical to the
    parent cell. If the parent cell is haploid (N), then the daughter
    cells will be haploid. If the parent cell is diploid, the daughter
    cells will also be diploid.
    Meiosis, produces daughter cells that have one half the
    number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
    Mitosis
    Meiosis
    ● Sexual reproduction occurs only in eukaryotesSexual
    reproduction occurs only in eukaryotes. During the formation of
    gametesSexual reproduction occurs only in eukaryotes. During
    the formation of gametes, the number of chromosomesSexual
    reproduction occurs only in eukaryotes. During the formation of
    gametes, the number of chromosomes is reduced by half, and
    returned to the full amount when the two gametesSexual
    reproduction occurs only in eukaryotes. During the formation of
    gametes, the number of chromosomes is reduced by half, and
    returned to the full amount when the two gametes fuse during
    fertilization.
    ● Two successive nuclear divisions occur, Meiosis I (Reduction)
    and Meiosis II (Division). Meiosis produces 4 haploid cells.
    Mitosis produces 2 diploid cells. The old name for meiosis was
    reduction/ division. Meiosis I reduces the ploidy level from 2n to
    n (reduction) while Meiosis II divides the remaining set of
    Meiosis:
    Unique

    ● Prophase I has a unique event -- the pairing (by an as yet


    undiscovered mechanism) of homologous chromosomesProphase I
    has a unique event -- the pairing (by an as yet undiscovered
    mechanism) of homologous chromosomes. SynapsisProphase I has a
    unique event -- the pairing (by an as yet undiscovered mechanism) of
    homologous chromosomes. Synapsis is the process of linking of the
    replicated homologous chromosomes. The resulting chromosome is
    termed a tetradProphase I has a unique event -- the pairing (by an as
    yet undiscovered mechanism) of homologous chromosomes. Synapsis
    is the process of linking of the replicated homologous chromosomes.
    The resulting chromosome is termed a tetrad, being composed of two
    chromatidsProphase I has a unique event -- the pairing (by an as yet
    undiscovered mechanism) of homologous chromosomes. Synapsis is
    the process of linking of the replicated homologous chromosomes. The
    resulting chromosome is termed a tetrad, being composed of two
    chromatids from each chromosome, forming a thick (4-strand)
    structure. Crossing-over may occur at this point. During crossing-over
    chromatids break and may be reattached to a different homologous
    chromosome.
    ● Thus, instead of producing only two types of chromosome, four
    Meiosis:
    Steps of Meiotic 1
    Steps of meiotic 1
    Steps of Meiotic 2
    Steps of Meiotic 2

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