UT Procedure Rev.0

PAHARPUR COOLING TOWERS LTD
Paharpur House,8/1b-Diamond Harbour Road, Kolkata-700027

ULTRASONIC TESTING PROCEDURE
DOC. NO.: PCTL/NDT/ASME/UT/001 Rev.0
ISSUE DATE : 28.10.2016
ULTRASONIC TESTING
PROCEDURE
PREPARED BY REVIEWED / ACCEPTED BY

APPROVED BY
PANCHADRI GOUTAM KUMAR QA & QC MANAGER

KARMKAR DEB SAMBHUDDHA DUTTA GUPTA
ASNT Level-II ASNT NDT Level-III
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CONTENTS
1.0 SCOPE
2.0 REFERENCES
3.0 PERSONNEL
4.0 SURFACE PREPARATION
5.0 EQUIPMENT
6.0 SEARCH UNITS (PROBES)
7.0 COUPLANTS
8.0 CALIBRATION BLOCKS
9.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURE
10.0 TRANSFER CORRECTIONFACTOR
11.0 EXAMINATION COVERAGE
12.0 EXAMINATION PROCEDURE
13.0 EVALUATION
14.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
15.0 POST EXAMINATION CLEANING
16.0 REPORTING
APP. A APPENDIX A – ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTOR PERFORMANCE CHECK
APP. B APPENDIX B – PROBE CHARACTERISTICS CHECK
APP. C APPENDIX C – SCANNING TECHNIQUE 1
APP. D APPENDIX D – SCANNING TECHNIQUE 2
APP. E APPENDIX E – SCANNING TECHNIQUE 3
APP. F APPENDIX F – SAMPLE TEST REPORT
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1.0 SCOPE:
1.1 This procedure is prepared to inspect the base metal and fusion welded joints in
ferrite steel thickness 10mm and above. Manual Ultrasonic Contact Method using pulse
echo technique in accordance with ASME V Article 4.
1.2 This document is applicable for ultrasonic examination of welds in accordance with the
following referenced Codes, Standards and documents.
2.0 REFERENCES:
2.1 ASME SEC V Article 4& 5 Edition 2015
2.2 ASME Section VIII Div. 1 Edition 2015 Appendix-12
2.3 SNT-TC-1A-2011-Personnel Qualification and certification of NDT
2.4 Written Practice QMI-001Rev.4 dated 21.03.2014
3.0 PERSONNEL:
3.1 The Personnel who carry out Ultrasonic Examination shall be minimum qualified to
NDT Level II UT as per ASNT-SNT-TC-1a and PCTL Written Procedure QMI-001
Rev.4 dated 21.03.2014.
4.0 SURFACE PREPARATION:
4.1 The scanning surfaces on the base material shall be free of weld spatter, scale, dirt, rust
and any extreme roughness on each side of the weld that might interfere with the
ultrasonic wave transmission for a distance equal to at least 1½ skip distance.
5.0 EQUIPMENT:
5.1 The examination shall be conducted with a pulse echo A- scan presentation capable of
generating frequencies over the range of at least 1 MHz to 5MHz.
E.g. EEC DS-322,ModsonicTFT,Krautkramer–USM35, EPOCH-650 or equivalent.
5.2 The requirements of Screen Height Linearity and Amplitude Control Linearity shall be
met at intervals not to exceed one year for digital type instruments, or prior to first use
thereafter.
5.3 Screen Height Linearity. The ultrasonic instrument's screen height linearity shall be
evaluated in accordance with Appendix A.
5.4 Amplitude Control Linearity. The ultrasonic instrument's amplitude control linearity shall
be evaluated in accordance with Appendix A.
5.5 The proper functioning of the examination equipment shall be checked and the equipment
shall be calibrated by the use of calibration standard at the beginning and end of each
examination, when examination personnel are changed, when probe, co - axial cable or
battery is changed, and at any time that malfunctioning is suspected as a minimum.
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6.0 SEARCH UNITS (PROBES):

6.1 The search units may contain either single or dual transducer elements.
6.2 The transducer frequencies shall be between 1MHz to 5 MHz.
6.3 The rate of search unit movement for examination shall not exceed 6 in./sec(150mm/sec)
unless calibration is verified at scanning speed.
6.4 The search unit shall produce a sound beam in the material being tested within +2º of 70º,
60º or 45º angles
6.5 Each search unit shall be marked to clearly indicate the frequency of the transducer,
nominal angle of refraction and the index point.
Parent Material Thickness Angle Probe Use Frequency
10mm ≤ T ≤25mm 60° and 70° 4MHz
T > 25mm 45° and 60° or 70° 4 or 2MHz
7.0 COUPLANTS:
7.1 The couplant shall wet the surfaces of the search unit and the test piece, and eliminate any
air gap between the two.
7.2 Water, oil or cellulose gum (paste) may be used as the couplant.
7.3 The couplant used shall be the same for calibration and examination.
7.4 Couplants used on nickel base alloys shall not contain more than 250ppm of sulfur.
7.5 Couplants used on austenitic stainless steel shall not contain more than 250ppm of halides
(chlorides plus fluorides)
8.0 CALIBRATION BLOCKS:
8.1 The IIW VI or V2 Block shall be used for sweep range calibration of the equipment for
both straight beam and angle beam transducers.
8.2 For materials with diameter greater than 20 in (500 mm) ASME basic calibration block
shall be used for setting distance amplitude correction curve or primary reference level for
angle beam examination for the welds. For different weld thickness the following basic
calibration block thickness shall be used. (see figure 3)
Weld Thickness (t) Basic Calibration Block

Thickness
1 in. or less ¾ in. or t
Over 1 in. through 2 in. 1½ in. or t
Over 2 in through 4 in 3 in. or t
Over 4 through 6 in. 5 in. or t
8.3 For materials with 20 ɸ inches and less a curved block shall be used. A single curved block
may be used for 0.9 to 1.5 times the block diameter. The block diagram and no. of curved
blocks required for complete range of piping shall be following figure 1 and Figure 2.
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8.4 Other reference block could be used provided it is made of same material, surface finish
and heat treatment condition as material under test with the reflectors made as per the
dimensions of the above mentioned blocks. Refer T434.3 for piping calibration block.TR
correction shall be carried out on all cases.
8.5 For contact examination the temperature differential between the calibration block and
examination surface shall be within 14ºC.
Figure 1 – Ratio Limits for curved surfaces
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Figure 2 – Calibration block for Pipe
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Figure 3 – Basic calibration block
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9.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURE FOR NON-PIPING:

9.1 DISTANCE AMPLITUDE CORRECTION (DAC) CURVE OR PRIMARY
REFERENCE LEVEL
9.1.1 Set the instrument to give an 80% signal on the screen from the highest amplitude
obtained from the calibration reflector side drilled hole (SDH) for flat calibration
block or notches for curved reference standard. See figure 2A.
9.1.2 Set as DAC-1st point, the percentage of screen height of the indication(80±5)% against
the target travel distance and the gain ‘dB’ at this setting as the reference –dB for the
particular DAC.
9.1.3 Then set the 2nd reflector (SDH or Notches) with the same settings and reference dB,
against the target travel distance & record maximum amplitude of screen height of
reflector.
9.1.4 The 3rd reflector also set same as 9.1.3
9.1.5 At least three reflectors (SDH and Notches) shall be recorded on the screen to cover
the sweep range Of examination.
9.1.6 After set of 3Nos. reflectors to draw a distance amplitude correction (DAC) curve
percent screen distance versus amplitude curve or on the screen.
FIG 2A- DAC for Notches and SDH
9.2 CALIBRATION PROCEDURE FOR PIPING:
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Angle Beam Calibration:

The angle beam shall be directed toward the calibration reflector that yields the maximum
response. The gain control shall be set so that this response is 80% ±5% of full screen
height. This shall be the primary reference level. The search unit shall then be manipulated,
without changing instrument settings, to obtain the maximum responses from the
calibration reflectors at the distance increments necessary to generate a three-point distance-
amplitude correction (DAC) curve. Separate calibrations shall be established for both the axial
and circumferential notches. These calibrations shall establish both the distance range
calibration and the distance amplitude correction.
Straight Beam Calibration:

When required, straight beam calibrations shall be performed to the requirements of using
the side-drilled hole alternate calibration reflectors of notch.
This calibration shall establish both the distance range calibration and the distance
amplitude correction.
10.0 TRANSFER CORRECTION FACTOR:
Transfer correction shall be carried out to compensate for differences in surface condition and
material composition between calibration block and test component. It is a requirement to
determine a transfer correction factor and adjust basic sensitivity prior to any test. It shall be
carried out as follows:
► Connect two – shear wave probes of same angle, frequency and manufacturer, type to
the UFD in transmitter & Receiver mode.
► Position the probes on the basic calibration block facing each other. Maximize the Full
skip distance echo and keep it at 80% of full screen height (Refer Fig.4.1). Mark the
signal on the UFD screen.
► Reposition the probes in order to get the double skip distance echo and maximize it
(Refer Fig.4.2).Mark the signal on the screen.
► Join the two points together in a straight line marked across the screen (Refer Fig.4.3).
► Without altering the gain control setting, transfer the probes to the surface of the test
piece. Using the same method described above, obtain peaked signals at full and
double skip distances. Join the peaks together in a straight line on the flaw detector
screen.
► The difference in dB between the two lines at comparable time base range represents
the transfer correction factor.
► The transfer correction factor shall be added to the primary reference level prior to the
commencement of examination.
Sketches for Transfer Correction Factor
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Transmit
Receive
Full skip distance

Figure 4.1
Transmit Receive
Double skip distance

Figure 4.2
Line 1
80%FSH
Line 2
TCF
T est piece at Basic Cal. Block

Full Skip at Double Skip
Basic Cal. Block T est piece at
at Full Skip Double Skip
Figure 4.3
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11.0 EXAMINATION COVERAGE:

11.1 The volume shall be examined by moving the search unit over the examination surface
so as to scan the entire examination volume. Each pass of the search unit shall overlap a
minimum of 10% of the transducer (piezo-electric element) dimension perpendicular to the
direction of the scan.
For example (as given below):
Casing width = 16mm
Crystal width = 8 mm
Each side casing with excluding crystal = 4 mm
10% of crystal size = 0.8 mm
Probe overlap = 4+1 mm = 5 mm (min.)
11.2 The examination surfaces shall be free of irregularities, loose foreign matter, or coating
which interfere with ultrasonic wave transmission.
12.0 EXAMINATION PROCEDURE:

12.1 BASE METAL EXAMINATION:
12.1.1 The scanning of the adjacent base metal shall be performed with a straight beam
Search unit to detect reflectors parallel to scanning surface that might affect
interpretation of angle beam results, and is not to be used as an acceptance –
rejection examination.
12.1.2 Locations and areas of such reflectors shall be recorded.
12.1.3 The straight beam transducer shall be calibrated using a location on base material free
of any indications or the IIW V1 or V2 calibration block and set a sweep range to
clearly display both first and second back echo.
12.1.4 Set the pulse reflected from the first back echo to a height of 80% FSH. The ‘dB’ level
at this setting shall be reference level or sensitivity setting for straight beam testing.
12.1.5 The scanning shall be performed at a gain setting of at least two times the primary
reference level (+ 6dB). Evaluation shall be performed with respect to the primary
reference level.
12.2 WELD EXAMINATION:
12.2.1 The welds shall be tested with at least two different beam angles and in both parallel
and transverse direction (4 scans) for defect identification and confirmation. The rate of
search unit movement (scanning speed) shall not exceed 6 in./sec. (150mm/sec.).
12.2.2 During angle probe scanning (as illustrated in Fig. 5) , a slight swiveling movement up
to an angle of 10º on the either side of the nominal beam direction may be applied to
the probe.
12.2.3 The locations shall be defined by reference(weld centre or weld edge) co-ordinate
system e.g. as show in Fig.5. when ultrasonic testing is carried out from more than one
surface, reference points shall be established each surface.
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12.2.4 Angle Beam Scanning for Reflectors Oriented Parallel to the Weld:
The angle beam shall be directed at approximate right angles to the weld axis from
directions where possible. The search unit shall be manipulated so that the ultrasonic
energy passes through the required volumes of weld and adjacent base metal. The
scanning shall be performed at a gain setting at least two times (+6dB) the primary
reference level or distance amplitude correction curve. The evaluation shall be
performed with respect to the primary reference level or distance amplitude correction
curve.
Figure 5- Co-ordinate system for defining the location of indications.

12.2.5 Angle Beam Scanning for Reflectors Oriented Transverse to the Weld:
The angle beam shall be directed essentially parallel to the weld axis. The search unit
shall be manipulated so that the angle beam passes through the required volumes of
weld and adjacent base metal. The scanning shall be performed at a gain setting at
least two times the primary reference level or distance amplitude correction curve.
The evaluation shall be performed with respect to the primary reference level or
distance amplitude correction curve. The search unit shall be rotated 180º and the
examination repeated.
12.2.6 Orbital scan, swivel scan, lateral scan, depth scan patterns shall be carried out to
identify and size the imperfections.
12.2.7 Restricted Access Welds. Welds that cannot be fully examined from two directions
using the angle beam technique (e.g., corner and tee joints) shall also be examined, if
possible, with a straight beam technique. Scallop area if not tested by 4 sides it shall
tested 2 sides with full skip distance. Refer Appendix G for scallop hole area scanning
technique sheet.
12.2.8 Inaccessible Welds. Welds that cannot be examined from at least one side (edge)
using the angle beam technique shall be noted in the examination report.
For flange welds, the weld may be examined with a straight beam or low angle
longitudinal waves from the flange face provided the examination volume can
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be covered.
12.3 EXAMINATION OF SPECIAL MATERIALS:

Ultrasonic examination of high alloy steels and high nickel alloy welds\ deposits and
dissimilar metal welds between carbon steel and high alloy steels and high nickel alloys
shall require special probes and modification of this procedure. A separate technique shall
be prepared, demonstrated on mock up specimen and approved by NDT level III prior to
examination of such welds
For product form needing special wedge or probe, a technique sheet shall be prepared,
demonstrated
13.0 EVALUATION OF EXAMINATION:
13.1 EVALUATION AND INTERPRETATION:

i. Any imperfection that causes an indication in excess of 20% of DAC (14 dB) shall be
investigated to the extent that it can be evaluated in terms of the acceptance standards
of the referencing Code Section.
ii. All assessment and evaluation of indications shall be carried out with primary reference
level after deducting 6dB scanning sensitivity added in section.
iii. Length of the discontinuity can be measured by determining the points at which half
of the amplitude is lost at the extremities of the discontinuity and measuring the
distance between them (6 dB drop method).
Horizontal beam spread shall be applied to estimate defect length.
iv. Height of the discontinuity can be measured by determining SR (the change in sweep
reading) at which half (20dB drop method) of the amplitude is lost as the search unit is
moved to and from the reflector.
Vertical Beam spread shall be applied to estimate defect height.
14.0 ACCEPTENCE CRITERIA:
As per ASME Section VIII Division 1 Appendix 12

Imperfections which produce a response greater than 20% of the reference level shall be investigated to
the extent that the operator can determine the shape, identity, and location of all such imperfections and
evaluate them in terms of the acceptance standards given in (a) and (b) below.
(a) Indications characterized as cracks, lack of fusion, or incomplete penetration are
unacceptable regardless of length.
(b) Other imperfections are unacceptable if the indications exceed the reference level
amplitude and have lengths which exceed:
(1) 1 4 in. (6 mm) for t up to 3 4 in. (19 mm);
(2) 1 3t for t from 3 4 in. to 21 4 in. (19 mm to 57 mm);
(3) 3 4 in. (19 mm) for t over 21 4 in. (57 mm).
Where, ‘t’ is the thickness of the weld excluding any allowable reinforcement. For a butt weld joining
two members having different thicknesses at the weld, t is the thinner of these two thicknesses.
If a full penetration weld includes a fillet weld, the thickness of the throat of the fillet shall be
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included in ‘t’.
15.0 POST EXAMINATION CLEANING:

15.1 When post examination cleaning is required by the procedure, it should be conducted so
as to remove the couplant as soon as practical using a process that does not adversely
affect the part.
16.0 REPORTING
16.1 All the ultrasonic test results shall be recorded in the PCTL Test Report
(Please see Appendix F).
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TABLE-3.1
Essential and Non-Essential Variable
Requirements Essential / Non- Applicable Para

Essential variable
Weld configuration to be examined, including thickness Essential 1.0
dimensions and base material product form (Pipe, Plate ect)
Surface preparation from which the examination shall be Essential 4.0
performed.
Techniques (Straight beam, angle beam, contact and/or Essential 5.0
immersion)
Angles and modes of wave propagation in the material. Essential 6.0
Search unit types, frequencies, and element sizes/shapes. Essential 6.0
Special search units, wedges, shoes or saddles, when used Essential 6.3
Ultrasonic instrument Essential 5.1
Calibration (calibration blocks and techniques) Essential 8.0
Directions and extent of scanning Essential 12.2
Scanning (manual Vs. automatic) Essential 5.0
Method of discriminating geometric from flaw indications Essential 12.6

Method for sizing indications Essential 13.0
Computer enhanced data acquisition, when used Essential NA
Scan overlap (decrease only) Essential 11.0
Personnel performance requirements, when required Essential
Personnel qualification requirements Non-essential 3.0
Surface condition (examination surface, calibration block) Non-essential 10.0
Couplant (brand name or type) Non-essential 7.0
Automatic equipment and/or recording equipment, when Non-essential NA

applicable
APPENDIX-A
ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTOR PERFORMANCE CHECK
1.0 INTRODUCTION:
This is intended to provide detailed methods and techniques for assessment and calibration of
Ultrasonic Flaw Detector, as required by this procedure Section 5.0
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2.0 TYPE OF EQUIPMENT:

As defined by section 5.0 of this procedure.
3.0 ALIBRATION PROCEDURE:

The requirements of Screen Height Linearity and Amplitude Control Linearity shall be
met at intervals not to exceed one year for digital type instruments, or prior to first use
thereafter.
3.1 Horizontal Linearity:
Calibrate the screen for the test range of 125mm using Single Crystal Transducer and IIW
Block. Place the probe on 25mm thickness side and read the back wall echoes. The
Percentage of error is calculated based on actual reading and the expected reading. The error
should not exceed ±2% of Test Range.
3.2 Screen Height Linearity:
3.3
A straight beam probe is coupled with the IIW (V1) block to get multiple echoes from 25mm
back wall. Select any two echoes whose amplitudes are in the ratio of 2:1 with larger echo
set at 80% of full screen height. Adjust the gain successively without moving search unit and
set the larger indication from 100% to 20% of full screen height in 10% increments or 2dB
steps if a fine control is not available. Read the smaller indication at each setting. The
settings and readings must be estimated to the nearest 1% of full screen height. Deviation
should not exceed ±5% of Full Screen Height. Alternately, a straight beam search unit shall
be used on any calibration block, which will provide amplitude differences with sufficient
signal separation to prevent overlapping of the two signals.
3.4 Amplitude Control Linearity:
Couple the angle beam search units to IIW (V1) block and get multiple echoes from 25 mm
thickness side. Select any echo and note its amplitude. Reduce the gain by 6dB and read the
amplitude of the same indication. It must be 50% of the initial amplitude within 10% of the
nominal amplitude ratio. Perform this exercise for full range of Gain.
The settings and readings must be estimated to the nearest 1% of full screen and the
readings should fall within the limits of following table Other convenient reflectors
from any calibration block shall be used with straight or angle beam search units.
Table 1.1
Indication Set at % of Indication Limits % of
dB Control Change
Full Screen Height Full Screen Height
80 -6 dB 32 to 48
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80 -12 dB 16 to 24
40 +6 dB 64 to 96
20 +12 dB 64 to 96
4.0 RECORDS:
All calibration readings shall be recorded and documented till next calibration period and
calibration block identity shall be included in the ultrasonic calibration records.
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Equipment Type & Make: Probe Type:
Serial No: Serial No:
IIW Block S.No. Dia. / Frequency:
Date of calibration:
Calibration Due Date:
TIME BASE LINEARITY

Block thickness Back wall echoe Reading (mm)
Test Range Result
(mm) 1 2 3 4 5
Deviation
Deviation shall be w ith in ±2% of Test Range
SCREEN HEIGHT LINEARITY

Description Amplitude (in FSH%) Result
Reference Echo 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Pass Fail

nd
2 Echo
Deviation %
Deviation shall be w ith in ±5% of FSH
AMPLITUDE CONTROL LINEARIRY

Indication Set Required Indication Observed Indication
dB Control Change Remarks
at % of FSH Limits in % of FSH in % FSH
80 -6 36 to 44
80 -12 18 to 22
40 6 72 to 88
20 12 72 to 88
Note: FSH-Full Screen Height. TR-Test Range.
TESTED BY:
LEVEL-II
NAME
DATE:
APPENDIX – B
PROBE CHARACTERISTICS CHECK
1.0 INTRODUCTION:
This has been written in order to provide detailed methods and techniques to evaluate
the Probe’s characteristics.
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2.0 TYPE OF PROBES & EQUIPMENT:

As defined by section 5.0 of this procedure.
3.0 PROBE RESOLUTION:
3.1 Place 0 compression probe on the V1 (IIW) Block as shown in the figure 3.1.
The echoes from the bottom of the milled slot at 85mm and from the steps at
91mm and 100mm shall be clearly discernible on the screen.
Figure 3.1
s
diu
Ra
m
0m
10
V1 (IIW) Block
3.2 Place shear wave probes on the IOW Beam Profile Block with the beam directed
towards the series of 5 side drilled holes. Al least 3 of the series shall be clearly
discernible.
4.0 PROBE INDEX:
Place shear wave probe on the V1 (IIW) block’s 100mm quadrant side as shown in the
figure 4.0 and maximize the eco from the quadrant. Hold the probe and measure the
distance (d) from block edge to probe edge.
The probe index = (100 – d) mm.
For example, if ‘d’ is 86mm, then Probe index = 100-86=14mm.
This distance shall be transferred to the probe.
Figure 4.0
100m m
V1 (IIW) Block
5.0 PROBE ANGLE:

Place the shear wave probe on the V1 Block as shown in the figure 5.1 and maximize
the echo from 1.6mm hole.
Figure 5.1
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5.2 Note the beam path and Probe angle is calculated using formula:
Probe Angle = Cos-1(15/Beam Path)
6.0 20dB BEAM PROFILE:
6.1 Position the shear wave probe on the IOW block with the beam directed at a
selected 1.6mm hole and maximize the signal by moving probe backwards and
forwards. Hold the probe in the maximized position and adjust gain control to
give 100% FSH. Make a mark1 on the block which corresponds with the probe
index point (see Fig.6.1)
Figure 6.1
Ho rizo nt al
s tand -o ff
Pro b e mo vement
t o maximize s ig nal
Lead ing ed g e M ark at maximized p o s it io n
Beam C entre Trailing Ed g e
IOW Block
6.2 Move the probe gently forward until the signal height form the target hole has
dropped to 10% FSH (i.e. 20dB). Hold the probe in this position and mark2 the
probe index position on the block. (See Fig. 6.2)
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Figure 6.2
M o ve p ro b e fo rward unt il
Sig nal heig ht d ro p s t o 1 0 %
M ark t he p ro b e ind ex
at 1 0 % s ig nal heig ht
2 0 d B Trailing Ed g e
6.3 Move the probe gently backward such that the signal goes back to maximum then
falls away again to 10% FSH. Hold the probe in this position and mark3 the probe
index position on the block. (See Fig.6.3)
Figure 6.3
M o ve p ro b e b ackward unt il
Sig nal heig ht d ro p s t o 1 0 %
M ark t he p ro b e ind ex
at 1 0 % s ig nal heig ht
20 dB
Lead ing Ed g e
6.4 Transfer the measurements of hole depth and probe stand off for each of three
marks onto a flaw location slide or suitable plotting system.
6.5 Repeat the above steps for three other target holes at different depths.
6.6 Complete the beam angle and profile plot by joining relevant points on the
plotting system. (See Fig.6.4)
Fig.6.4
Horizontal stand-off
Index
Point
Mark 2 Mark 1 Mark 3
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7.0 CHECKLIST
All probe characteristics shall be entered in to the Probe Characteristics
Checklist format: - :
FORMAT/UT/CAL-02
UFD Model : Date of Testing :
Serial No :
CHECKLIST FOR PROBE CHARACTERISTICS
Result
Item No Checklist Item Tolerance
Accept Reject
1 Resolution - 0 Probe 3 Clearly defined
indications
Resolution (Angle Probe) 3 Clearly defined
indications
2 Probe Index 25 mm maximum
from the edge
3 Probe Angle 2
45
60
70
4 Beam Profile
(Leading/trailing edge)
45
60
70
FORMAT/PCTL/UT/CAL-02
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APPENDIX – C
SCANNING TECHIQUE - 1
A, B, X,Y,W,Z probe positions both side of the weld.
Table for Single Bevel Butt Joints in Plates and Pipes
Longitudinal Indications Transverse Indications

Thickness Frequency L-Scans N-Scans Total Total Note
(mm) (MHz) Angle Positions SZWs Positions SZWs No. of Angle Positions SZWs No. of
Scans s Scans
60° & 70° X and Y FULL C
8 ≤ t < 15 4- 5 A or B 1.25P 1 1.25P 3 45° Or CIR 2
W and Z
45°& 60°/ X and Y FULL C
15 ≤ t <40 2- 4 70° A or B 1.25P 1 1.25P 3 45° Or CIR 2
W and Z
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APPENDIX – D
TECHNIQUE SHEET – 02
Scanning Technique for Double Bevel Butt Weld

Welds with double side access
P – Full Skip distance, C – Scanning Zone up to 1.25 Skip Distance

Figure Butt Joints Doubel Vee Butt joint
Table for Butt Joints in Plates and Pipes
Longitudinal Indications Transverse Indications
Thickness L-Scans N-Scans Total Total Note
Freq. Angle Positions SZWs Positions SZWs No. of Angles Positio SZWs No.
(MHz) Scans ns of
Scans
45°& X and Y c& f C

15 ≤ t <40 4- 6 60°/ A or B 1.25p A or B 1.25p 4 45° Or +g 4
70° W and
Z
45°& X and Y c & f C
40 ≤ t <60 1-2.5 60°/ A or B 1.25p A or B 1.25p 4 45°& Or +g 8
70° 60° W and
Z
60 ≤ t 45°& C and D c & f C
<100 1-2.5 60°/ A or B 1.25p A or B 1.25p 4 45°& Or +g 8 d
70° 60° E and F
Note : a. May be limited to one scan from one side.
b. Additionally testing by Tandom Technique shall be only be carried out. If specified.
c. Only if specified.
d. Surface of the weld cap dressing . However, for single –side circumferential pipe welds, the outside cap only need be
dressed.
e. If only accessible from one side, two angles shall be used.
f. In the range 15 ≤ t <25mm, one angle is sufficient provided the frequency is below 3MHz.
Page 25 of 32
ISSUE DATE : 28.10.2016
Component : T-weld
Joint Type : Full Penetration (Double Bevel)
Scanning Positions :
1. Straight probe 0º scanning for inspecting on the fusion zone of weld of
T-welds up to required skip distance.
2. Angle beam scanning using weld edge to full-skip distance for one side
or
weld edge to half-skip distance for both side scanning.
Page 26 of 32
ISSUE DATE : 28.10.2016
Component : T-weld
Joint Type : Full Penetration Single “V”
Scanning Position :
1. Straight probe 0º scanning for inspection on the fusion zone of T-welds

up to required skip distance.
2. Angle beam scanning using half skip to full skip distance with 45º, 60º
& 70º. Angle beam scanning on bevel side.
Page 27 of 32
ISSUE DATE : 28.10.2016
Page 28 of 32
ISSUE DATE : 28.10.2016
SAMPLE TEST REPORT
Page 29 of 32
ISSUE DATE : 28.10.2016
Page 30 of 32
ISSUE DATE : 28.10.2016
Page 31 of 32
ISSUE DATE : 28.10.2016
Page 32 of 32

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PAHARPUR COOLING TOWERS LTD

Paharpur House,8/1b-Diamond Harbour Road, Kolkata-700027

PREPARED BY REVIEWED / ACCEPTED BY

PANCHADRI GOUTAM KUMAR QA & QC MANAGER

4.0 SURFACE PREPARATION

6.0 SEARCH UNITS (PROBES)

8.0 CALIBRATION BLOCKS

9.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURE

10.0 TRANSFER CORRECTIONFACTOR

11.0 EXAMINATION COVERAGE

12.0 EXAMINATION PROCEDURE

14.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

15.0 POST EXAMINATION CLEANING

APP. A APPENDIX A – ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTOR PERFORMANCE CHECK

APP. B APPENDIX B – PROBE CHARACTERISTICS CHECK

APP. C APPENDIX C – SCANNING TECHNIQUE 1

APP. D APPENDIX D – SCANNING TECHNIQUE 2

APP. E APPENDIX E – SCANNING TECHNIQUE 3

APP. F APPENDIX F – SAMPLE TEST REPORT

6.0 SEARCH UNITS (PROBES):

8.0 CALIBRATION BLOCKS:

Weld Thickness (t) Basic Calibration Block

Figure 1 – Ratio Limits for curved surfaces

Figure 2 – Calibration block for Pipe

Figure 3 – Basic calibration block

9.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURE FOR NON-PIPING:

FIG 2A- DAC for Notches and SDH

9.2 CALIBRATION PROCEDURE FOR PIPING:

Angle Beam Calibration:

Straight Beam Calibration:

Sketches for Transfer Correction Factor

Full skip distance

Double skip distance

T est piece at Basic Cal. Block

11.0 EXAMINATION COVERAGE:

12.0 EXAMINATION PROCEDURE:

Figure 5- Co-ordinate system for defining the location of indications.

12.3 EXAMINATION OF SPECIAL MATERIALS:

13.1 EVALUATION AND INTERPRETATION:

14.0 ACCEPTENCE CRITERIA:

As per ASME Section VIII Division 1 Appendix 12

15.0 POST EXAMINATION CLEANING:

Essential and Non-Essential Variable

Requirements Essential / Non- Applicable Para

Method of discriminating geometric from flaw indications Essential 12.6

Surface condition (examination surface, calibration block) Non-essential 10.0

Couplant (brand name or type) Non-essential 7.0

Automatic equipment and/or recording equipment, when Non-essential NA

2.0 TYPE OF EQUIPMENT:

3.0 ALIBRATION PROCEDURE:

TIME BASE LINEARITY

SCREEN HEIGHT LINEARITY

Reference Echo 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Pass Fail

AMPLITUDE CONTROL LINEARIRY

2.0 TYPE OF PROBES & EQUIPMENT:

5.0 PROBE ANGLE:

Lead ing ed g e M ark at maximized p o s it io n

Beam C entre Trailing Ed g e

CHECKLIST FOR PROBE CHARACTERISTICS