Zhejiang Aisa-Pacific Mechanical & Electrical Co.,Ltd.

Hydraulic ABS Specification

Zhejiang Aisa-Pacific Mechanical & Electrical Co.,Ltd.(APG) is a
famous automobile brake system domestic manufacturer. Its Anti-lock
brake system(ABS) has passed the appraisal of State Bureau of
Machine Building Industry Organization in December, 2000, and it’s
honored to win the first prize of Automobile Industry Science and
Technology Progress in 2005.Our company’s hydraulic ABS is a type of
advanced product in China, it is widely applied to saloon car, mini-car
and lightweight car and so on, it has the function of electric
brakeforce distribution.
This system has following feature:

Integrated module design;

Apply high performance CPU to deal with wheel-speed signal,
control algorithm and all kinds of malfunction diagnosis.

Precise and anti-interference wheel speed signal calculation
module

General diagnostic functions and diagnostic interface.
I. Product profile
Following figure is our company’s ABS profile (3 channels HECU, 4 channels similarly) and
its installation in one vehicle.

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1.
Product installation and connection drawing

＞PP＜
6-M10X1
R

76
132.3

22
22
FR

45
FL
F

60.2 53 29 3-M6
147.2± 3 101

II. System’s components

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Our company’s hydraulic ABS is composed of 4 wheel speed

sensors,1 hydraulic solenoid valve and electronic control
unit(HECU),could be equipped to various vehicles.
1. wheel speed sensor
It is a electromagnetic sensor, has the characteristic of simple
structure, preventing oil and dirt, strong anti-interference capability
and so on.
2. hydraulic control unit
It is composed of valve body, piston pump, low pressure
reservoir, high pressure damper, solenoid valve and direct current
motor. Hydraulic control unit is ABS’s brake pressure modulation
executor, each front wheel or rear wheel is controlled by a group of
normally closed solenoid valves and normally open solenoid valves.
Tow inlets are connected to braking master cylinder, outlets are
connected to front and rear wheel brake independently.
3. Electronic control unit(ECU)
Electronic control unit is the kernel component of ABS, there is a high
capability Single Chip Microcomputer(SCM) used to deal with wheel
speed signal, control algorithm and make fault diagnosis. electronic
control equipment gets wheel speed information from
electromagnetic wheel speed sensors located on each wheel,
analyses wheel’s work status and controls hydraulic equipment’s
modulation. Electronic control unit could make a malfunction
diagnosis. It would exit anti-lock modulation immediately if the
malfunction of ABS or related components is detected, the ABS
warning indicator lamp in cab is lighted. It could show diagnosis code
to maintenance man by making the connection between fault
diagnosis tester and interface.
III. The control principle of ABS
Our company’s hydraulic ABS pipeline could make front-rear
collocation(H pipeline) or cross collocation(X pipeline) in terms of
different types of vehicles, it could work in 3 channels mode(just to be
used in H pipeline structure) or 4 channels mode. wheel speed
sensors detect wheel spin up signals continuously. During brake
process, related control of this pipeline ， normally open solenoid
valves(inlet valve) are closed. If it senses a possible wheel lock-up, it
goes into the antilock function and then applies voltage to the
appropriate solenoid valves. Despite the force of brake pedal

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increases continuously, wheel brake’s force still keeps invariant. If the

wheels still has lock-up trend in the circumstances, controller will
command this pipeline’s normally closed valves(outlet) to open to
come into decrease pressure phase.
Normally open solenoid valves are opened and normally closed
valve are closed after wheels’ lock-up trend is disappeared, braking
pipeline will return to increase pressure phase. Our company’s
hydraulic ABS control principle is to make two front wheels be
controlled independently, and two rear wheels use different control
methods in terms of concrete control logical and different types of
vehicles. Our product has better brake stability. Hydraulic ABS
system’s electric connection principle drawing and HECU profile
installation size are in the additional drawing.
We will take 3 channels ABS for example to specify the principle of ABS’
modulation towards automobile brake system, 4 channels ABS’s principle is
similar.

Normal brake(ABS doesn’t work) Inlet valves(normally open)

and outlet valves(normally closed)and motor all power off

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Hold pressure inlet valves(closed) power on, outlet

valves(normally open)and motor power off.

Decrease pressure Inlet valves power on(closed),outlet

valves(open),motor power on(3 channels are all decreased pressure in this
figure)
IV. Caution in the application

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1 ． During the process of ABS modulation, you will feel brake

pedal’s vibration and the noise of hydraulic controller work, this is a
normal phenomenon, please don’t scare.
2. After ABS is installed, brake capability will be improved in
most circumstances. Its effort will be notable that the brake in ice and
snow road surface or wet road surface, but in some parts of road
surface(e.g. bump road surface and turn braking condition),it will
increase stop distance possibly, hence must keep enough safe
distance in running.
3. If malfunction is detected by ABS, its warning indicator light
will go on continuously, it will be no effort, but normal brake system is
good, you could use normal brake mode to control your vehicle.
4.ABS warning indicator light will go out after 2 seconds, it is
only lighted in the inefficient mode, hence please don’t forget go to
repair station once ABS warning indicator light keeps to go on.
5 ． Because ABS makes steering wheel to be controlled
flexibly, during the process of braking, please don’t forget to steer
clear of obstacle by rotating your steering wheel immediately in
emergency.
V. ABS system’s malfunction and maintenance
ABS is a automobile safety driving product, so reliable performance
is very important to it. If it detects some faults, despite normal
braking system could run normally, it still needs to be repaired in
time. It is very important to recognize fault phenomenon and locate
fault. Fault diagnosis tester could help maintenance man to locate
fault and save repair time.
If following phenomenon is met, ABS warning indicator light will go
on after ignition, ABS lamp is lighted suddenly in running or it couldn’t
be lighted after ignition, we could confirm ABS has detected some
faults.
ABS’s fault code and fault text will be read after ignition by connect
fault diagnosis tester to fault diagnosis interface of vehicle.

Appendix 1: Fault code and related list

fault code meaning check position
01H 1BH 23H Left front wheel Plug-in, wiring harness,
speed signal Sensor air

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Right front wheel

01H 1DH 23H
speed signal
Left rear wheel
01H 22H 23H gap,ring,sensor, ECU
speed signal
Right rear wheel
01H 1FH 23H
speed signal
Battery, accessorial
ABS motor supply charging circuit, motor
01H 2DH 23H
voltage fuse,plug-in,
wiring harness,HCU,ECU
Battery, accessorial
ABS valve supply charging circuit,
01H 2EH 23H
voltage safety fuse,plug-in,
wiring harness,ECU
Battery, accessorial
02H 14H 23H Battery voltage
charging circuit,ECU
00H FFH 23H ECU coil drive ECU
decelerate sensor Plug-in, wiring harness,
02H 7FH 23H
signal decelerate sensor, ECU
FFH FFH 88H No fault
The two front items in fault codes is fault number,No.3 item included it
is fault type, there is a single column to show fault types except meaning
column and check position,e.g.23H: normal(blank),10H:worst(display)
Fault diagnosis tester fault type list:
Code Fault type Co Fault type Co Fault type
de de
0x01 Signal connected 0x Signal connected 0x No signal
to electrode 02 to anode 03
0x05 Input open 0x Beyond adjustment 0x Beyond
circuit 08 limit 09 matching limit
0x0A Haven’t reached 0x Haven’t reached 0x Beyond
matching limit 0B adjustment limit 10 tolerance
spectrum
0x1A Output open 0x Electrode short 0x Earth short
circuit 1C circuit 1D circuit
0x22 Can’t recognize 0x 0x Open circuit
fault type 23 24

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0x28 short circuit to 0x Speed transform 0x Short circuit

another valve 2A weak 2C
0x2E leak 0x Contract failure 0x Power supply
2F 30 fault

Appendix2: APG ABS connection port definition and request

Plug-in profile is following, type: AMP 368482-3

17

25
10

9
1 2 n++

ABS Type: APG3550A Series

Current
Port Port Voltage Wire Connection
spectru
pin description spectrum request
m
Left front Transfer
1 0~60V
sensor connection times
（ AC 0~10mA
Left front can’t beyond
2 Signal）
sensor once
3 NC
Power 5A fuse
4 supply 9~16V <200mA
electrode
Left rear Transfer
5 0~60V
sensor connection times
（ AC 0~10mA
Left rear can’t beyond
6 signal）
sensor once

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Diagnosis K_line
7 computer 0~16V
line
Power Need reliable GND
8 0 0~30A
supply GND
Constant 30A fuse
power
9 9~16V 0~30A
supply
electrode
10-15 NC
16 ABS lamp 0~16V
17 NC
18 Stop lamp 0~16V
Right front Transfer
0~60V
sensor connection times
19 （ AC 0~10mA
can’t beyond
signal）
once
Right front
20
sensor
21 NC
Right rear 0~60V Transfer
sensor （ AC connection times
22 0~10mA
signal） can’t beyond
once
Right rear
23
sensor
Power Need reliable GND
24
supply GND 30A fuse
Constant 0 0~30A
power 9~16V 0~30A
25
supply
electrode
Appendix3: The normal inspection of vehicle equipped ABS as no appropriative
detection line.
No. Content and key remark

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Brake system exhaust and add oil:

We could use vacuum injection method and manual injection
method, and ABS can’t power on until they are be finished. We must
1
open ABS’s power supply first(pull ABS fuse or other plug-ins) if
power on is necessary, restore it after brake oil injection and pipe
exhaust is finished.
ABS’s online inspection:
We could make ABS power on test after brake system’s exhaust and
injection oil is finished. ABS’s self-check function could check ABS’s
related equipment(e.g. wiring harness, relay, fuse and so on) and itself,
2 checking time is about 2 seconds, During inspection, ABS warning
indicator lamp is lighted, noise could be heard under cowl, all of these
phenomenon represent ABS is self-checking. After self-checking, it has
passed if ABS warning indicator light goes off, otherwise there is fault
exist, it is necessary to confirm it with fault diagnosis tester.
ABS’s offline real vehicle inspection:
We could test ABS on normal flat road surface(e.g. concrete or
asphalt road) after online detection is passed, following real vehicle test
is needed:
1、 During vehicle stop, try your best to step on brake pedal
and keep it. Pedal should stops in some distance.
2、 Accelerate vehicle to 30km/h, make emergent brake, wheel
doesn’t lock-up, brake pedal has strongly vibration, all of
these behaves represent ABS work normally.
3
3、 Accelerate vehicle to 60km/h, make emergent brake, wheel
doesn’t lock-up, brake pedal has strongly vibration, all of
these behaves represent ABS work normally.
4、 Accelerate vehicle to 30km/h, make normal decelerate
brake(puny brake) ， vehicle should have normal
brakeforce， stop stably， ABS has no action.
5、 Accelerate vehicle to 60km/h, make normal decelerate
brake(puny brake) ， vehicle should have normal
brakeforce， stopped stably ， ABS has no action.

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Appendix 4: ABS is correct usage and daily maintenance

There are some little distinguish between vehicle with ABS system and normal
vehicle. Please pay attention to these main different points:
1 、 Noise solenoid valve’s action and motor’s rotation will induce noise when
ABS is working. This is a normal phenomenon.
2 、 Brake pedal vibration During the process of normal braking, brake disc’s
not flat, brake drum is not round, wheel bearing’s unfixed and so on, all of these will
induce brake pedal’s vibration. If ABS works well, it is also will induce brake pedal’s
vibration, drivers must notice to distinguish the latter from the former.
3 、 Brake operation method the operation method of a vehicle equipped
ABS is the same as normal vehicle. During emergency, we must step brake pedal to the
floor and keep it until vehicle is stopped, we could rotate steering wheel freely to
prevent obstacle simultaneously. It just need to operate like normal brake when driving
on slippery and wet road surfaces. Please don’t snub the brake pedal when driving the
vehicle with ABS, otherwise it will make ABS system entry control and exit repeatly, to
affect brake capability.
4. How to sense ABS’s working During normal braking conditions, there isn’t
ABS’s lock-up tend, ABS will not work. It will start to work just lock tend is detected.
During antilock braking conditions, driver will feel brake pedal’s vibration(rebound),
and will hear some noise simultaneously, these phenomenon show ABS is starting to
work automatically to prevent wheels’ lock-up.
5 、 Daily maintenance ABS is composed of mechanical and electronic
parts ， it has reliable performance and not need regular inspection and maintenance,
brake system’s maintenance has obvious difference between normal automobile and
automobile equipped ABS, which will be showed after fault is met. Pay attention to
following points will help to improve system’s capability and reduce system’s fault
rate:
a) ABS’s ECU is composed of precise electronic parts, strong collision and
knock could damage the electronic parts easily, hence it is necessary to keep ECU not
suffered impact.
b) Please don't let oil and dirt stain system’s electric plug-ins, especially, metal
clip terminals, to prevent electric contact failure.
c) Please don’t let wheel sensor system meet oil and dirt or other sundries,
especially near the ring.
d) High water content of brake oil will induce brake inefficient due to water
vaporization and corruption brake system, it will make ABS’s performance become
poor, hence it is necessary to replace brake oil, at least once each year.
e) It must be repaired in time if ABS warning indicator light goes on

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continuously, .suddenly goes on during running or can’t be lighted after ignition. Please
pay attention to control brake intension before fault is eliminated to prevent wheel lock-
up.

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