Unit 3 Projection of Solids
Unit 3 Projection of Solids
Unit 3 Projection of Solids
UNIT III
PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
1. Polyhedron (Prism (or) Pyramid)
(i) Triangular
(ii) Rectangular
(iii) Square
(iv) Pentagonal
(v) Hexagonal
2. Solids of revolution
(i) Cylinder
(ii) Cone
How to construct a Pentagon
D
1. Draw another bisector for the side BC
2. The cutting point of these two bisectors
E C
o will be the mid point of the pentagon
3. Join the mid point with all the corners of
the polygon.
72o
4. The lines joining the corners and mid
A B point actually represent the Longer
Edges in the Plan or Elevation.
Bisectors for sides
AB and BC
How to construct a Hexagon
E Total Angle = 360o
D
Number of sides = 6
Required Angle = 360o = 60o
F C 6
60O Procedure:
1. Draw the line AB of given length
A B
2. From A and B draw lines BC and AF for
the angle 60o and for the given length
3. Draw two perpendicular lines from A
and B
4. With C and F as centres draw arcs of
radius given length two cut the
perpendicular lines at E and D.
5. Join CD, DE and EF.
How to find mid point of polygon having
even number of sides
E D
1. Join the diagonally opposite
corners to get the longer edges.
F C 2. Cutting point all these diagonal
o lines represent the Mid point of the
60O polygon.
Or Longer Edge
Pentagonal
& Hexagonal Pyramids
Prism
Pentagonal and Hexogonal Prisms.
Solids of Revolution
(Cylinder and Cone)
Frustum of solids
When any solid is cut by a plane which is parallel
to the base,
base, then it is called a frustum of a solid
Truncated Solids
Corner
Base edge is on is on
right side right
side
Diagonals
joined
Correct Incorrect
Resting part is on right side
E.g : Square prism,
prism, resting on HP with one
of its base corner
Corner is
Base edge is on on right
right side side
Diagonals
not shown
Incorrect Correct
Inclined to HP
Base Inclined
Inclined::
1. A pentagonal pyramid side of base 20 mm and
axis 45 mm long rests with one of its corners on
HP such that the base is inclined at an angle of
60ºº to HP and one side of base is perpendicular
60
to VP
VP.. Draw its projections
projections..
2. A tetrahedron of 40 mm side rests with one of its
edges on HP and perpendicular to VP VP.. The
triangular face containing that edge is inclined at
30ºº to HP
30 HP.. Draw its projections
projections..
Case 2: Axis Inclined to VP
Correct Incorrect
Points to be remembered while drawing
object shape in CASE 2 - Prism
Incorrect Correct
Points to be remembered while drawing
object shape in CASE 2 - Pyramid
Correct Incorrect
Points to be remembered while drawing
object shape in CASE 2 - Pyramid
Incorrect Correct
CASE 2: Prisms & Cylinder (Inclined
to VP
1. A square prism of base side 35 mm and axis length
60 mm lies on HP on one of its longer edges with its
face equally inclined to HP HP.. Draw its projections when
its axis inclined at 30
30ºº to VP
VP..
2. A square prism of base side 35 mm and axis length
60 mm is resting on HP on one of its longer edges
with its axis inclined at 25 25ºº to VP
VP.. One of the face
containing resting edge inclined 25 25ºº to HP
HP.. Draw the
projections..
projections
3. A pentagonal prism of base side 35 mm & axis length
65 mm is resting on HP on one of its rectangular
faces with axis is inclined at 40 40ºº to VP
VP.. Draw the
projections..
projections
Inclined to VP
a
The line joining the CG
b (d) and suspended corner
c
CG
a b (d) c
d 1. Draw the object shape so that there is a corner on
left side.
2. Draw the elevation
a c
3. Find the CG point, and connect the a and CG by a
line (shown in red colour)
b 4. Tilt the elevation so that the line joining the point
a and CG should be vertical to reference axis
Freely suspended by a string
Reason:
Reason: Since tilting is
When we tilt done towards
the longer right, when we
edge (sloping tilt the solid, the
edge) will shaded
rest on triangular face
ground will rest on
Incorrect ground
Correct
CASE 5
Conditions: One of its triangular face on ground, one of
the slant edge on ground, one of its generators on
ground
1. A hexagonal pyramid of side of base 25 mm,
axis 50 mm long lies with one of its triangular
faces on the HP and its axis, is parallel to VP
VP..
Draw the projection
projection..
2. A pentagonal pyramid, side of base 30 mm and
axis 60 mm long is lying with one of its
triangular faces on the HP and axis parallel to
the VP
VP.. Draw its projections
projections..
3. A pentagonal pyramid, side of base 25 mm and
axis 55 mm long, lies with one of its slant
edges on HP such that its axis is parallel to VP
VP..
Draw its projections
projections..
CASE 5
Conditions: One of its triangular face on ground, one of
the slant edge on ground, one of its generators on
ground
4. A cone of base diameter 50 mm and axis length 60
mm is resting on HP on one of its generators with
its axis parallel to VP
VP.. Draw its projections
projections..
5. A square pyramid of base side 35 mm & axis
length 65 mm is resting on HP on one of its
triangular faces with its axis parallel to VP
VP.. Draw
its projections
projections..
One of the triangular face on VP (or) one of slant
edge on VP (or) one of the generator on VP VP..
1. A square pyramid of base side 35 mm & axis
length 65 mm is resting on VP on one of it
triangular face with its axis parallel t HPHP.. Draw
the projections
projections..
CASE 6: One triangular face is vertical (or
perpendicular to both HP and VP)
R. Sendil Kumar,
Assistant Professor/Mech
Professor/Mech
www.sendildce.blogspot.com