Cloud Computing

IST 501
Fall 2013

Dongwon Lee, Ph.D.

Learning Objectives
  Understand what cloud computing is
  Be able to describe basic
characteristics, service models, and
deployment models
  Discuss examples of cloud computing

  Discuss potential issues with cloud

computing

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 NIST View of Cloud Computing

NIST promotes U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing

measurement science, standards, and technology in ways that enhance
economic security and improve quality of life
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Definition by NIST
  Cloud computing: A model for enabling
convenient, on-demand network access to a
shared pool of configurable computing resources
(e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications,
and services) that can be rapidly provisioned
and released with minimal management effort or
service provider interaction

  This cloud model promotes availability and is

composed of five essential characteristics,
three service models, and four deployment
models
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SalesForce’s CC

http://youtu.be/ae_DKNwK_ms 5
5 Essential Cloud Characteristics

  On-demand self-service
  Broad network access

  Resource pooling
  Location independence
  Rapid elasticity
  Measured service

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Eg, Elasticity and Measurement

http://youtu.be/yW79SIVZV0g 7
http://youtu.be/yW79SIVZV0g
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http://youtu.be/yW79SIVZV0g
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 Measured Service: Utility Computing
  “Computing may someday be organized as a
public utility” – John McCarthy, MIT,1961
  “Packaging of computing resources, such as
computation and storage, as a metered service
similar to a traditional public utility, such as
electricity”
  A break in the clouds: towards a cloud
definition, ACM SIGCOMM, 2009
  Hugh computational and storage
capabilities available from utilities
  Metered billing “Pay-As-You-Go”
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 3 Cloud Service Models
  Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS)
  Use provider’s applications over a network
  Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS)
  Deploy customer-created applications to a cloud
  Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
  Rent processing, storage, network capacity, and other
fundamental computing resources

  To be considered “cloud” they must be deployed on

top of cloud infrastructure that has the key
characteristics

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Eg, SaaS

Apple
iCloud

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Eg, SaaS

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Eg, SaaS

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Eg, PaaS

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Eg, PaaS

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Google App Engine (GAE)
  Google’s approach to CC
  “Google as the web platform”
  A platform to deploy and host web applications in
Google-managed data centers
  GAE delivers a platform and solution stack (as a
service)  PaaS
  GAE virtualizes apps across multiple servers and
data centers
  Beta service since 2008
  https://developers.google.com/appengine/

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Eg, PaaS

Cocane

http://api.yandex.com/cocaine/ 18
Eg, IaaS

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GAE vs. AWS
  GAE is PaaS
  Abstract OS-independent platform is pre-built and
provided
  Users have to create a web app and deploy it to the
abstract platform
  AWS is IaaS
  Users can build their own platform within CC, called
AMI  “Infrastructure as a Service”
  Users can create a web app and deploy it to their own
platform (AMI)

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Eg, IaaS

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Service Model Architectures
C loud Infras tructure C loud Infras tructure C loud Infras tructure
IaaS S oftware as  a S ervice 
P aaS P aaS (S aaS )
S aaS S aaS S aaS Architectures

C loud Infras tructure C loud Infras tructure

IaaS P latform as  a S ervice (P aaS )
P aaS P aaS Architectures

C loud Infras tructure
IaaS Infras tructure as  a S ervice (IaaS ) 
Architectures

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4 Cloud Deployment Models
  Private or internal cloud
  enterprise owned/leases, for internal purpose
  Community cloud
  shared infrastructure for community
  Public cloud
  For general public, mega-scale infrastructure
  Hybrid cloud
  composition of two or more clouds

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Eg, Private Cloud

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Eg, Community Cloud

Google s
Gov Cloud

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Eg, Public Cloud

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Eg, Hybrid Cloud
  Use multiple deployment models together
  Eg
  Move enterprise level apps to private cloud and
less critical apps to public cloud

IT Knowledge Exchange, by B. Gracely 27

New Deployment Model
  Personal Cloud ??
  For individual or family usage

Transporter

http://youtu.be/x_TcA7gBblc 28
Common Cloud Characteristics
  Cloud computing often leverages:
  Massive scale
  Homogeneity
  Virtualization
  Resilient computing
  Low cost software
  Geographic distribution
  Service orientation
  Advanced security technologies

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 The NIST Cloud Def. Framework
Hybrid Clouds

Deployment
Models Private Community
Public Cloud
Cloud Cloud

Service Software as a Service Platform as a Service Infrastructure as a

Models (SaaS) (PaaS) Service (IaaS)

On Demand Self-Service
Essential Broad Network Access Rapid Elasticity
Characteristics
Resource Pooling Measured Service

Massive Scale Resilient Computing

Homogeneity Geographic Distribution

Common
Characteristics Virtualization Service Orientation

Low Cost Software Advanced Security

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Putting All Together
  Most clouds will require very strong security
controls
  All models of cloud may be used for differing
tradeoffs between threat exposure and
efficiency
  There is no one cloud
  There are many models and architectures
  How does one choose?

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 Effects of Cloud Computing
  Small enterprises use public SaaS and public
clouds and minimize growth of data centers
  Large enterprise data centers may evolve to act as
private clouds
  Large enterprises may use hybrid cloud
infrastructure software to leverage both internal and
public clouds
  Public clouds may adopt standards in order to run
workloads from competing hybrid cloud
infrastructures

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Issues of Cloud Computing
  Privacy
  Security

  Legal Issue

  Compliance

  Availability

  Performance

  …

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Eg, Security Problem

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Eg, Availability Problem

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Eg, Availability Problem

APR 20, 2011, 11:56AM

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Eg, Availability Problem

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 Sunny Thoughts on CC
  Tim O Reilly, CEO O Reilly Media
  I think it is one of the foundations of the next
generation of computing
  The network of networks is the platform for all
computing

Everything we think of as a 
computer today is really just a 
device that connects to the big 
computer that we are all 
collec:vely building  
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Sunny Thoughts on CC

  Sun Microsystems CTO Greg Papadopoulos

  Users will trust service providers with their data
like they trust banks with their money
  Hosting providers [will] bring brutal efficiency
for utilization, power, security, service levels, and
idea-to-deploy time –CNET article
  Becoming cost ineffective to build data centers
  Organizations will rent computing resources

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Criticisms on Cloud Computing
  Richard Stallman (GNU, FSF, Emacs)
  cloud computing was simply a trap aimed at
forcing more people to buy into locked, proprietary
systems that would cost them more and more
over time
  Larry Ellison (Oracle CEO)
  everything that we already do" and that it will
have no effect except to "change the wording on
some of our ads

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 Case: NYT and Nasdaq (4/08)
  New York Times
  Didn t coordinate with Amazon, used a credit card!
  Used EC2 and S3 to convert 15 million scanned news
articles to PDF (4TB data)
  Took 100 Linux computers 24 hours (would have taken
months on NYT computers
  Nasdaq
  Uses S3 to deliver historic stock and fund information
  Millions of files showing price changes of entities over 10
minute segments
  The expenses of keeping all that data online [in Nasdaq
servers] was too high. – Claude Courbois, Nasdaq VP
  Created lightweight Adobe AIR application to let users view
data 41
 Case: Gov’s Use
  President Obama s Citizen s Briefing Book Based
on Salesforce.com Ideas application
  Concept to Live in Three Weeks
  134,077 Registered Users
  1.4 M Votes
  52,015 Ideas
  Peak traffic of 149 hits per second

  US Census Bureau Uses Salesforce.com Cloud

Application
  Project implemented in under 12 weeks
  2,500+ partnership agents use Salesforce.com for 2010 decennial
census
  Allows projects to scale from 200 to 2,000 users overnight to meet
peak periods with no capital expenditure

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Hype Cycle for CC (Gartner, 2010)

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Pros of CC
  Lower-cost computers for end users
  Improved performance on users’ PC

  Lower IT infrastructure and software costs

  Fewer maintenance issues

  Instance software updates

  Unlimited storage capacity

  Increased data safety

  Easier group collaboration

  Universal access to data/documents

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Cons of CC
  Requires a constant internet connection
  Doesn’t work well with low-speed
connections
  Can be slower than using desktop software

  Features might be more limited

  Stored data might not be secure

  If the cloud loses your data, big problem

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Who Benefits from CC?

  Collaborators
  Road warriors

  Cost-conscious users

  Cost-conscious IT departments

  Users with increasing needs

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Who Shouldn’t be Using CC?

  The Internet-impaired
  Offline workers

  The security conscious

  Anyone married to existing applications

  Eg, MS Office (now one can use MS Office in CC
too)

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Using CC Services (SaaS)
  Calendars, Schedules, & Task Management
  Event & Contact Management

  Email

  Project Management

  Word Processing, Spreadsheets, &

Presentations
  Databases

  Storing & Sharing files

  Sharing digital photographs

  Sharing songs and videos

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Presentation Services in CC
  Collaborating on presentations in CC
  Web-based or Phone-based presentation app

  Pros
  Users from multiple locations can co-work
  No need to carry around presentation files
  Cost-effective—free or nominal fee !
  Cons
  Network access is critical
  Don’t always have the same range of features
  Compatibility issue with existing presentations

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Sharing Presentations in CC
  Web-based services that aim at sharing (not
editing) existing presentation files in CC
  Upload existing presentation files for sharing
  Supports formats like PPT, PDF, or ODP
  Cannot edit existing files
  Eg,
  AuthorStream.com
  SlideBoom.com
  SlideShare.net

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Database Services in CC
  Dabbledb.com  acquired by Twitter (2010)
  Teamdesk.net

  Trackvia.com

  Baseportal.com

  Springbase.com

  Viravis.com

  Infodome.com

  Creator.zoho.com

  Quickbase.intuit.com

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Reference
  Cloud Computing: Web-Based Applications That
Change the Way You Work and Collaborate
Online, Michael Miller, Que Publishing, 2009
  Dot.Cloud: The 21st Century Business Platform
Built on Cloud Computing, Peter. Fingar,
Meghan-Kiffer Press, 2009
  Cloud Computing Tutorial, Peter Mell and Tim
Grance, NIST, 2009
  Many pages are adopted with the permission of the
authors

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