TABLE OF CONTENT

1. Subjects, Objects 1
2. Subjects and Predicates 1
3. Expressions of Quantity 2
4. Articles 2
5. Pronouns 3
6. Adjectives/Nouns 3
7. Incorrect Verb Forms 4
8. Active and Passive Verbs 4
9. Modals and Modal-Like Verbs 4
10. Prepositions 5
11. Clause Markers 5
12. Phrases and Clauses 6
13. Appositives 6
14. –ING and –ED Adjectives 7
15. –ING and –ED Phrases 7
16. Gerunds and Infinitives 8
17. It and There 9
18. Word Forms 9
19. Word Forms after Verbs 10
20. Person and Activity Nouns 10
21. Equative, Comparative, and Superlative 10
Structures
22. Word Order 11
23. Word Order in Subordinate Clauses 11
24. Inverted Subject-Verb Word Order 12
25. Inverted Subject-Verb Word Order in 12
Conditionals
26. Parallel Structure 13
27. Parallel Structure in Comparison 13
28. Paired Expressions 14
29. Confusing Words and Expressions 15

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 GRAMMAR CHECKPOINT STUDY
1. Subjects, Objects

Noun: Roses are beautiful plants.

Pronoun: You like roses.
Gerund: Growing roses is my favorite hobby.
I relax by growing roses.
Infinitive: You like to grow roses.
Her goal is to succeed.
Noun Clause: Everyone says that you grow beautiful roses.
What she wants doesn’t make sense to me.

Exercise: Choose the correct answer.

1. …… didn’t deliver the mail today. 7. …… is not running well today.
A. For the postman C. The postman A. That Jane’s car C. In Jane’s car
B. He was the postman D. Although the postman B. Jane has a car D. Jane’s car

2. Timothy likes …… . 8. Clarence won’t be able to go with …… .

A. fast cars C. he will buy a fast car A. us C. he will stay home
B. in a fast car D. that a fast car B. where we go D. to the game
3. My older brother is …… . 9. He always enjoys …… .
A. he is a doctor C. of a doctor A. he does whatever C. whatever he does
B. a doctor D. when he is a doctor B. he does D. of his doing

4. …… in the dorm is not always easy. 10. I don’t want …… .

A. Living C. I live A. when shopping C. I shop
B. While living D. When I live B. shopped D. to shop
5. We gave …… a new bicycle. 11. …… is my favorite hobby.
A. he is our son C. that’s our son A. While reading C. If I read
B. it to our son D. our son B. Reading D. When I read
6. The problem is …… .
A. haven’t arrived the textbooks
B. that the textbooks haven’t arrived
C. haven’t the textbooks arrived yet
D. that the textbooks that haven’t arrived

2. Subjects and Predicates

1. Although he was tired, William …… working on 4. In the 1970s students in American colleges and
his paper. universities …… many protests and demonstrations.
A. who continued C. he continued A. they staged C. staging
B. continued D. continuing B. staged D. to stage

2. …… on me to lend him my history notes. 5. …… more susceptible to certain diseases than adults are.
A. Andrew counted C. That Andrew counted A. Children C. Children are
B. Andrew counting D. Since Andrew counted B. Children who are D. Children being

3. According to recent studies, winter …… the 6. Although they had no money, …… content.
season when the most traffic accidents occur. A. being that they C. they were
A. being C. is B. and they D. so they were
B. in D. when

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Choose the wrong part of the sentence.
1. I not happy about going home early last night.
A B C D
2. Many people enjoy tennis, which find relaxing.
A B C D
3. My cousin, Angelica, she lives in California and she likes it there very much.
A B C D
4. The snow is makes winter driving a hazard, especially in areas where no one plows the road.
A B C D
5. Fireflies which are insects that glow in the dark and are often captured by children and kept in jars.
A B C D
6. Last week Marietta sad because she lost her cat that she loved very much and that her son gave her.
A B C D

3. Expressions of Quantity
 Elizabeth has …… .
too much cars (X)
several cars
a few cars
a little cars (X)
less cars than Joe does
 Mothers sometimes give …… .
too much advice to their children
several advice to their children (X)
a few advice to their children (X)
a little advice to their children
dome advice to their children
more advice to their children than fathers do

Choose the wrong part of the sentence.

1. Many people feel that there are too much rules in this organization.
A B
2. Several chemicals, a little of which can be dangerous, exist in water.
A B
3. Vincent has fewer fruit and less cereal in his bowl than I do.
A B
4. Harry has much worries this semester, but Rick has none.
A B
5. We have a lot of housework to do, many of which should have been done yesterday.
A B

4. Articles
1. Under table were some boots, a scarf, and three books.
A B C D
2. The happiness is a quality that comes from within a person.
A B C D
3. My uncle used to be a umpire at the local baseball games.
A B C D
4. Before leaving the office, please turn off computer and lock the filing cabinets.
A B C D
5. In the United States, cattle rustling is still a serious crimes.
A B C D

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6. The reason that I do not want to buy a new car is that I don’t have a money necessary for such an extravagant expense.
A B C D

5. Pronouns
1. He who hesitates can lose him place in the race and do damage to himself and his chances for success.
A B C D
2. They gave us his undivided attention but still couldn’t understand what we were saying.
A B C D
3. The library was founded by our college in 1865 and took it name from a secret benefactor who donated his fortune for its development.
A B C D
4. We cannot finish it without you and they.
A B C D
5. Only her had the courage to try our challenge by herself, and she succeeded.
A B C D
6. While they were helping theirselves to the sandwiches, I was treating myself to the salad.
A B C D

6. Adjectives/Nouns
1. The average American college costs more than eight thousand dollar per year.
A B C D
2. Alice always wore magnificents costumes to the Halloween parties she attended at the country club.
A B C D
3. Winters in the northern Rocky Mountains last up to nine month; spring, summer, and fall last only about one month each.
A B C D
4. Sophisticated cameras of today require only two or three second to make automatic focusing adjustments.
A B C D
5. Hundreds of thousand of tourists visit Washington D.C. every spring to see the beautiful cherry blossoms there.
A B C D
6. The woodchuck is a creature territorial that does not allow other woodchucks within fifty feet of its burrow.
A B C D
7. Computers of the past were cumbersome and complicated, but a six-years-old child can easily use today’s computers.
A B C D
8. The five-men team ran fifty miles in less than three hours.
A B C D
9. A bicycle popular is the mountain bike, which people of all ages are enjoying.
A B C D
10. During the winter months, clearly skies are usually accompanied by low temperatures.
A B C D
11. After her long day, Angela took a bath hot and relaxed on her comfortable sofa with a good book.
A B C D

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7. Incorrect Verb Forms
1. Television has became a popular form of entertainment for people who prefer not to go out in the evening.
A B
2. John tried to stay awake while the professor was spoke.
A B
3. Amelia Earhart disappeared at sea while she flying her airplane.
A B
4. Physical exercise has help may people because it relieves stress.
A B
5. Richard had been live in Chicago for five years when his company transferred him to New York.
A B
6. Edward has been playing a lot of golf since he gotted his new golf clubs.
A B
7. For the past few years, scientists have studying the effects that pollution has on the ozone layer.
A B
8. People who want to improve their carpentry skills sometimes go to special schools where they learning to build houses.
A B
9. My brother, who was a biology student, was now studying to be a doctor.
A B
10. Americans found themselves with less free time over the past few decades even though they are earning more money.
A B
11. Since it was first invented in 1879, the light bulb became indispensable in American households.
A B
12. We always are going for a walk after we eat dinner.
A B
13. James had started his career as a pianist before he is thirteen years old.
A B
14. At this time, more and more women who work felt it is difficult to manage their careers and their private lives.
A B
8. Active and Passive Verbs
1. This can …… enough soup for three people. 4. Olivia …… when her attorney arrived.
A. containing C. contains A. questioning C. being questioned
B. to contain D. is contained B. questions D. was being questioned
2. This watch …… to me by a friend. 5. The message …… on an envelope
A. gave C. was given A. writing C. wrote
B. is giving D. was give B. had written D. was written
3. Bryan’s house …… into several times. 6. These parrots …… several words.
A. had been broken C. broken A. to say C. can be said
B. was broke D. had broken B. can say D. says

9. Modals and Modal-Like Verbs

1. You …… to attend the meeting on Tuesday. 4. In most cases, the current balance available in a checking or
A. must C. required savings account …… .
B. have D. be A. can be verified by telephone
B. on the telephone can verify
2. Karen’s stereo …… before she uses it again. C. in verification by telephone
A. should repair C. repair D. being verified by telephone
B. repaired D. should be repaired
5. New England winters …… among the coldest in the United
3. Marie …… bake a cake for tonight’s party. States.
A. is able C. has A. may be considering C. may be considered
B. can D. is B. in consideration D. being considered

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 6. Mrs. Jones …… arrive at 6:00.
A. supposed to C. is supposed to
B. to be supposed to D. is supposed

10. Prepositions
1. Please look after my things while I am to the doctor’s examining room.
A B
2. Prior yesterday, I thought we had a good working atmosphere in this office.
A B
3. I think Carla’s answer is different with yours.
A B
4. Marie was pleased with the work the children had done in their own.
A B
5. In spite recent setbacks, employees of this company shouldn’t have to give up any benefits.
A B
6. While we were on our way at my mother’s house, she was preparing for our arrival.
A B
7. During summer vacation, they recovered over the long semester behind them by spending time at the beach.
A B C D
8. The flowers in this valley are similar to those that on the other side of the hill.
A B C D
9. According my science professor, the atmosphere of the earth is being polluted by humans at an ever-increasing rate.
A B C D
10. His parents, together his teachers, objected to his behavior in school and at home.
A B C D
11. Students from all over the world took part in the ceremony in the school auditorium in Friday afternoon.
A B C D
12. While listening to the Latin American music, I dreamed about being a warm country without any snow.
A B C D

11. Clause Markers

1. The girl who is sitting in the red chair is the person to who you must give this envelope.
A B
2. The doctor which gave me this medicine told me that I need to stay in bed for three days.
A B
3. After she took the exam, that lasted three hours, Cecilia was exhausted.
A B
4. About what he wanted to know was what your name is.
A B
5. Even Leroy had said he was going to quit school, I was surprised when he actually did.
A B
6. Unless he asks me to, I will not correct the papers who he gave me.
A B
7. I don’t like the shoes he has on; addition, I don’t care for the tie that he is wearing.
A B
8. In spite the fact that he had good intentions, Fred was not able to give us the help we needed.
A B
9. I haven’t seen Joseph today; as result, I’m worried that he might be sick.
A B
10. The teacher whom book I borrowed said that I could keep it.
A B

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12. Phrases and Clauses
1. …… his youth, Professor Hanagan was a boy scout. 7. Maple syrup …… is light in color and free of
A. While C. When impurities is the most expensive kind.
B. During D. That A. and C. it
B. which D. about which
2. Skiing is a popular American sport, …… quite
expensive. 8. Bread is one kind of food …… .
A. however it is C. despite its A. all cultures seem to have it
B. even though it is D. it is B. that all cultures seem to have it
C. by all cultures
3. …… a dentist, Mike is very concerned about having D. that all cultures seem to have
healthy teeth.
A. He is C. As 9. We will not go swimming today …… .
B. While D. Because A. because the bad weather
B. the weather is bad
4. …… day were just a little bit longer, I would have C. because the weather is bad
time to finish my work. D. because the bad weather is
A. Each C. If each
B. Since each D. Were each 10. William is a hardworking person; …… .
A. while he likes to have a good time
5. She had many unfortunate experiences …… her B. nevertheless, he likes to have a good time
childhood. C. that he also likes to have a good time
A. it was C. in addition D. but he also likes to have a good time
B. while D. during
11. Writing a research paper takes a lot of time …… it
6. …… is cooking, we can eat our salad. requires library work.
A. While the steak C. The steak A. because of C. as
B. During the steak D. Because of the steak B. how D. due to

13. Appositives
1. The town of Cody, Wyoming, is named after 4. …… , to look up, means to search for something in a
Buffalo Bill Cody, …… . book or a dictionary.
A. he was a wild West cowboy and entertainer A. This phrase C. It is this phrase
B. a wild West cowboy and entertainer B. For this phrase D. Phrased
C. to be a wild West cowboy and entertainer
D. was a wild West cowboy and entertainer 5. My cousin, …… when I need her, knows me very
well.
2. Liz Moses, …… , grows beautiful vegetables in A. always available is a friend
her garden. B. she is a friend who is always available
A. is my next-door neighbor C. a friend who is always available
B. of my next-door neighbor D. her friend is always available
C. whom my next-door neighbor
D. my next-door neighbor 6. …… , tender little plants which are good to eat, can be
found in the forests.
3. Marie Curie, …… , eventually died from the side A. They are fiddleheads
effects of her work. B. In the early spring
A. was the scientist who discovered radium C. Fiddleheads
B. whose scientific discovery of radium D. Sometimes
C. the scientist discovered radium
D. the scientist who discovered radium

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14. –ING and –ED Adjectives
1. Last night I read a very (exciting/excited) short story.
2. Priscilla listened to a (boring/bored) newscast on the radio.
3. (Tiring/Tired), Marsha went to bed early.
4. The dog’s habit of barking was extremely (annoying/annoyed).
5. The (burning/burned) sun beat down on the desert floor.
6. The man (involving/involved) refused to respond to my questions.
7. (Working/Worked) women find it difficult to spend time with their families.
8. Lisa put the (polishing/polished) teapot on the shelf.
9. The man was (startling/startled) by the noise in the bushes.
10. The woman was (embarrassing/embarrassed) by the behavior of her child.
11. The (visiting/visited) professor taught a special class.

15. –ING and –ED Phrases

Write C if the sentence is correct, I if the sentence is incorrect. Correct the incorrect sentences.
_____ 1. While reading, the lights went out.
_____ 2. Anyone wanting tickets should get in line.
_____ 3. There are eight children in the family lived on B Street.
_____ 4. Hoping to see her father, the factory was visited by the little girl.
_____ 5. We were frightened by the man standing in the corner.
_____ 6. Since moving to Miami, the weather has been beautiful.
_____ 7. When buying a car, you must shop carefully.
_____ 8. I didn’t understand the instructions giving by the teaching assistant.
_____ 9. Hoping to get business, a sale was sponsored by local merchants.
_____ 10. How many of the papers given to you yesterday have you corrected?
_____ 11. After losing his wallet three times, Mark’s keychain was lost, too.

1. Temperatures …… above 110 degrees Fahrenheit 4. …… by all, Professor Jones will be missed when he
are common in the American Southwest. retires.
A. they climb C. that they climb A. Loved C. Loving
B. climb D. climbing B. He is loved D. To love

2. …… his hat on the table, Edward entered the room. 5. Interested in the plot, …… .
A. Placed C. Placing A. John to stay awake to see the end of the movie.
B. He placed D. To place B. John staying awake to see the end of the movie
C. the end of the movie John stayed awake to see
3. The squirrel, …… , hid its nuts in a variety of D. John stayed awake to see the end of the movie
places.
A. tried to prepare for winter 6. With its antlers …… the feet of a duct, the North
B. trying to prepare for winter American moose is easy to identify.
C. to prepare for winter tried A. web-like C. like a web
D. for winter trying to prepare B. webbed like D. the webs like

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16. Gerunds and Infinitives

1. For solve this math problem, I will need to use my calculator.

A B

2. His behavior leads me believe that he doesn’t enjoy studying.

A B

3. She was hesitant making a commitment to work on our project at this time.
A B

4. When trying to understand the assignment, don’t forget read your notes.
A B

5. Larry wants to postpone to leave until tomorrow.

A B

6. The children are anxious going to the party, but the parents would be content to stay at home.
A B

7. Max used his wrench removing the tire from his car before taking it to the garage.
A B
8. Several of the necessary ingredients for bake my cake are nowhere to be found.
A B

9. I want you be comfortable while you are trying to work.

A B

10. They type of paint needed to completion this picture is difficult to find.
A B

11. Although I wanted to go to the concert tonight, I decided staying home.

A B

1. …… has improved over the past few weeks. 4. Valerie decided …… a garden this year.
A. Jane drives C. To drive Jane A. for growing C. grow
B. Jane drove D. Jane’s driving B. to grow D. grown

2. A clever game for …… is tic-tac-toe. 5. This hot weather has affected my ability …… .
A. keeping children occupied A. concentrating C. to concentrate
B. children keep occupied B. concentrated D. for me concentrating
C. to keep children occupied
D. it keeps children occupied 6. The fastest way …… to my house is to take the
freeway.
3. Freezing, drying, and canning have long been used A. gotten C. getting
…… nutrients and freshness in foods. B. to get D. you get
A. for preservation C. preserved
B. to preserve D. preserve

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17. It and There
Complete the sentences with It is, There is, or There are.
1. _________________ unusual to see Mark and Mike together.
2. _________________ only a few apples in this bowl.
3. _________________ obvious that Loretta isn’t coming.
4. _________________ amazing that there have not been more accidents on these bad roads.
5. _________________ someone waiting to see you.
6. _________________ some people who feel that these meetings are unnecessary.
7. _________________ crazy for him to worry like that.
8. _________________ my belief that time is more valuable than money.
9. _________________ a new student in our class.
10. _________________ a good idea to eat before you take an exam.
11. _________________ too late to start over now.

1. Lately, …… nobody using the library. 4. …… colds are caused by viruses.

A. there has been C. has been A. That the knowledge C. To know that
B. it has been D. been B. It is known that D. The knowledge that
2. By the time we left the dance, …… that she was not 5. I was pleased to see that …… several easy recipes
feeling well. for cake in this cookbook.
A. there had been obvious C. it had been A. there are C. to be
B. an obvious D. to be obvious B. it is D. are there
3. I would like to see you tomorrow because …… 6. …… one hour for me to get ready for work in the
several things we need to discuss. morning.
A. there have C. it is A. There is to take C. It usually takes
B. they are D. there are B. To take it usually D. Usually takes it

18. Word Forms

1. Careful consideration of the alternatives led us to a practice solution.
A B C D

2. Her creative talent is not easy captured in simple words.

A B C D

3. Unfortunately, the vigorously daily exercise he has been engaging in has not helped his health.
A B C D

4. The plaintive cry of the lonely lamb failure to reach its mother last night.
A B C D

5. Water, an important natural resourceful, is being polluted by acid and other harmful industrial wastes.
A B C D
6. The loosely woven rug on our kitchen floor is made of a rarely grass found in marshy areas.
A B C D
7. To have a business that is a successful, a person must work diligently and efficiently.
A B C D
8. They careful planned their vacation to include a quick trip to the secluded tropical island where they first met.
A B C D
9. Last week, Lana and Lance developers a truly unique method for finding plumbing leaks.
A B C D

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10. In desert areas, long periods of drought often alternate with long periods of excessive rainy and flooding.
A B C D
11. Plants often responsive to pressure cues such as wind and human touch.
A B C D

19. Word Forms after Verbs

1. Edward felt (sleepy/sleepily) after the big meal.
2. Jack looked up (sleepy/sleepily) from the book he was reading.
3. The theater got (quiet/quietly) when the movie began.
4. Leslie smiled (cheerful/cheerfully) when the teacher gave him his grade.
5. That car looks quite (comfortable/comfortably).
6. She tasted the spaghetti sauce (careful/carefully) because it was very hot.
7. He grew more and more (angry/angrily) as she told him the story.
8. Marsha sighed (heavy/heavily) at the thought of all the work she had to do.
9. A trip to the country sounds (wonderful/wonderfully).
10. They sounded the alarm (loud/loudly) when they smelled the smoke of the fire.
11. The sun was shining (bright/brightly) when we arrived at the beach.

20. Person and Activity Nouns

Write C if the sentence is correct, I if the sentence is incorrect. Correct the incorrect sentences.
_____ 1. The direction of the play said that he would like us to arrive one hour early for rehearsal tonight.
_____ 2. Twelve employees were hurt in the accident at the factory.
_____ 3. The chemist who won the Nobel Prize last week were very happy.
_____ 4. My son wants to study engineer.
_____ 5. The carpentry will finish building our cabinets next week.
_____ 6. No one is sure who the creation of this beautiful sculpture is.
_____ 7. Manhattan city plans have worked very hard to regulate the flow of downtown traffic.
_____ 8. We buy fresh bread every day from a bakery on the corner of Fifth Avenue and Pine Street.
_____ 9. The scientist department at this school is not very strong.
_____ 10. The company is very happy with the architecture who designed this building.
_____ 11. Although she is a famous actress, Diana still likes her privacy.

21. Equative, Comparative, and Superlative Structures

1. Rice is more important than meat in many of the countries with highest populations in the world.
A B
2. Cats are more independent as dogs, but they are not as loyal as dogs are.
A B
3. My car is as fast yours, but yours is more beautiful than mine.
A B
4. Winter is colder in Montana that it is in Vermont; winter in Alaska is the coldest in the United States.
A B
5. The most difficult part of the exam was given at the end when everyone was the most exhaustedest.
A B
6. The more easily understood alphabet in the world is also one of the oldest.
A B

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1. Texas is larger …… , but it has fewer people 4. A warm-blooded animal requires …… than does a
than California does. cold-blooded creature of the same size.
A. of California C. California A. most food C. more food
B. that California D. than California B. the most food D. the more food
2. Antarctica is the site of …… elevations on earth. 5. The instructions for this model are …… as possible, so it
A. the highest C. and the highest will not be difficult to put together.
B. the highest one D. higher A. clearly more defined C. clearly as defined
B. as clearly defined D. more clearly defined
3. Lately, Joyce has been …… her health.
A. more than worried about her job 6. Small cars are …… large ones, which generally use much
B. worried more than about her job more gasoline.
C. worried more about her job A. as popular today as C. as the popularity is today as
D. more worried about her job than B. of as much popularity as today D. as today’s popularity is as

22. Word Order

1. In consideration of her feelings, …… . 4. Carpenters …… to build cabinets.
A. we should not tell her the bad news yet A. woodworking, a variety of useful tools
B. should we not tell her the bad news yet B. use of a variety of woodworking tools
C. the bad news we should not tell her yet C. a variety of woodworking tools use
D. yet we should not tell her the bad news D. use a variety of woodworking tools
2. Money …… in most cultures of the world. 5. This dictionary …… with all the definitions we need
A. the principal tool for trade is to know for the test on Tuesday.
B. is it the principal tool for trade A. can it provide us C. can provide us
C. is the principal tool for trade B. us can provide D. it can provide us
D. the principal tool for trade is
6. Mars …… vast oceans of dust.
3. Although the color television set …… , almost A. is a planet covered with
every American family now owns at least one. B. a planet is covered with
A. a recent invention is C. recent, is an invention C. covered with a planet is
B. is a recent invention D. is it a recent invention D. is covered with a planet

23. Word Order in Subordinate Clauses

1. Carol has just found…… . 4. The doctor has not yet determined …… .
A. what she thinks will be a very good job A. what does Arlene has C. Arlene has what
B. what does she think will be a very good job B. what Arlene has D. what has Arlene
C. a very good job will be what she thinks
D. she thinks what will be a very good job 5. People’s attitudes and daily lifestyles are influenced by
…… .
2. Please let me know …… . A. they see and hear what on television
A. when is it time to go C. when to go it is time B. on television what they see and hear
B. when time it is to go D. when it is time to go C. they see and hear on television what
D. what they see and hear on television
3. …… working at the hardware store, Vincent was
never happy. 6. …… incubating, a chicken’s egg needs to be kept
A. He was C. When was he warm and dry.
B. When he was D. Was he A. When it is C. It is when
B. Is it when D. When is it

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24. Inverted Subject-Verb Word Order
Write C if the sentence is correct, I if the sentence is incorrect. Correct the incorrect sentences.

_____ 1. So tired was he that he couldn’t keep his eyes open.

_____ 2. Scarcely I had opened the door when the cat ran out.
_____ 3. Not only he suffered from a cut on his forehead, but he also had several bruises on his left arm.
_____ 4. Only once Harold had met Maudy before they fell in love.
_____ 5. Kate left the concert early, and so John did.
_____ 6. In the basement were three old baseball bats and a glove.
_____ 7. Only in Dr. Kranshaw’s class do we have a quiz every day.
_____ 8. Nowhere I can find the hat I want to wear to the party.
_____ 9. We couldn’t find your house, and neither could Walter.
_____ 10. In the garage the broken lawn mower was.
_____ 11. Rarely have I eaten so much at one meal.

25. Inverted Subject-Verb Word Order in Conditionals

Rewrite each conditional sentence below by deleting if.

1. If I had found the book, I would have given it to you.

______________________________________________________________________

2. If the firefighters had not gotten here on time, the house would have burned down.

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3. If Jane had been more careful, she wouldn’t have hurt herself.

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4. If Alexander were here, he would help me with this homework.

______________________________________________________________________

5. If they should ever change their minds, tell them to call me.

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6. My father would settle this problem for me if he were with me now.

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Mcmlln 12/17
More Practice with Inverted Subject-Verb Word Order

1. At one end of the street …… . 4. Domestic cats enjoy playing and sitting in the sun,
A. a vacant lot C. a vacant lot is …… cats in the wild.
B. is a vacant lot d. is where a vacant lot A. and so do C. so do and
B. do so and D. do and so
2. Not until several days after the accident …… to
remember what had happened. 5. …… classes, eve when the weather is bad.
A. John began C. John beginning A. Rarely this professor has canceled
B. and John began D. did John begin B. Has this professor rarely canceled
C. Has canceled this professor rarely
3. …… that you borrowed his car, he would be very D. Rarely has this professor canceled
angry.
A. Ever were Matt to find out 6. Over the river and through the woods …… my
B. Were Matt ever to find out grandmother lives.
C. Matt were ever to find out A. the house is where C. is the house where
D. Were ever to find out Matt B. where is the house D. where the house is

26. Parallel Structure

Write C if the sentence is correct, I if the sentence is incorrect. Correct the incorrect sentences.

_____ 1. There are dishes to do, floors to mop, and that garbage should be emptied.
_____ 2. The waitress brought me Plate of beans, a spoon, and she gave me a napkin.
_____ 3. On weekends, they enjoy hiking, sailing, and to ride horseback.
_____ 4. After our trip, we were tired but happy.
_____ 5. Jake suggested that we take his car or walking to the auditorium.
_____ 6. I need tow rite a short but it should be effective response to his letter.

27. Parallel Structure in Comparison

Write C if the sentence is correct, I if the sentence is incorrect. Correct the incorrect sentences.

_____ 1. I think I have more work to do tonight than you do.

_____ 2. The carrots in this soup are tastier than that soup.
_____ 3. This house is bigger than we had before.
_____ 4. Reading a good book can be as much fun as when you watch a movie.
_____ 5. Paper sandwich bags are as good as plastic ones
_____ 6. Tonight’s menu will be the same as last night.

Mcmlln 13/17
More Practice with Parallel Structure

1. Fishing and to hunt are prohibited in this area; those who violate this regulation will be arrested and punished.
A B
2. My legs are longer than yours, which makes running and to jump easier for me than they are for you.
A B
3. He has worked in a restaurant, a bar, and a gas station, so he has more work experience than yours.
A B
4. Life in this country is quite similar to my country, but I am not adjusting as easily as I thought I would to my new
A B
environment.
5. We will go skiing and sledding today or it will be tomorrow.
A B
6. The shoes in this store are more expensive than that store, but they are not more attractive or more durable.
A B

1. Although your recipe for bread …… , the bread 4. In addition to being a successful mother, actress, and
made with my recipe is as good as yours. ….. , Thelma is the president of her own company.
A. takes longer than my bread A. she writes C. writing
B. it takes longer than mine B. to write D. writer
C. takes longer than my recipe
D. my recipe takes longer 5. Automobile accidents are far more frequent than
…… .
2. Getting something is not always as easy as …… . A. having an accident in an airplane
A. wanting it C. to want it B. airplanes have accidents
B. when you want it D. you want it C. airplane accidents
D. when there are airplane accidents
3. The combined population of the states of Montana,
Idaho, and Wyoming is less than …… . 6. Too much stress can cause sleeplessness, depression,
A. that of the city of Los Angeles and …… .
B. people who live in the city of Los Angeles A. lack of appetite C. lack of appetite is caused
C. the city of Los Angeles B. you don’t want to eat D. to lack appetite
D. the city of Los Angeles has a population

28. Paired Expressions

1. Not only will she wash the windows for you, and she will also vacuum the floors.
A B
2. The city of Los Angeles suffers from both air pollution and there is water pollution.
A B
3. Neither did he do his chores or did he finish his homework.
A B
4. Either the cats or the dog are making a lot of noise downstairs.
A B
5. Larry will not only help with the construction but also with the painting of the new barn.
A B
6. Neither Jack nor Jane are interested in seeing either the play or the concert.
A B

Mcmlln 14/17
1. Marcia has not only driven hundreds of miles to get 4. Neither hard work …… unrewarded in this company.
here …… as well. A. nor loyalty go C. goes loyalty or
A. and she has spent hundreds of dollars B. or loyalty goes D. nor loyalty goes
B. but also hundreds of dollars spent
C. but also spent hundreds of dollars 5. …… for her devotion to her family but also for her
D. she has spent but also hundreds of dollars dedication to her job.
A. Not only Catherine is respected
2. Animals are classified as either cold-blooded …… . B. Catherine is respected not only
A. or they have warm blood C. Catherine, who is respected not only
B. or warm-blooded D. Catherine, respected not only
C. nor warm-blooded
D. or being warm-blooded 6. We want to go either to the Bahamas …… during
our spring vacation this year.
3. Most authors feel that writing is …… and A. or visiting New England
enjoyable. B. or to New England
A. both essential C. essentially both C. we want to visit or New England
B. either essential D. essential both D. or New England to visit

29. Confusing Words and Expressions

1. This decision will be made on the (basis/base) of test scores.
2. (Farther/Further) evidence is needed before we can make any judgments about the person.
3. The long term (effects/affects) of this drug are unknown.
4. Clyde was (such/so) happy about his new job that he danced around the room.
5. success (like/as) a teacher depends on your ability to understand students’ needs.
6. (No/Not) problem is too great to solve if we work diligently together.
7. Nancy enjoys playing tennis (and/also) riding her bike.
8. Western sculpture, (like/alike) Western painting, often immortalizes the cowboy.
9. On the one hand, Edward values the input of his staff; (on the other/on the contrary), he prefers not to have
them involved in the final decision-making process.
10. Please (do/make) the dishes tonight after dinner so they don’t pile up in the sink.
11. Carol likes these pants, but she doesn’t like the (other/others).
12. Loretta was (very/too) industrious, and she finished all of her assignments last night.
13. Peter was (lying/laying) on the couch when I entered the room.
14. We must (accept/except) that there are certain things in life that we cannot do.
15. Please do not do anything (special/especially) elaborate for my birthday.
16. If you tell me (whose/who’s) names should be on this list, I will type them for you.
17. The (costume/custom) of hiding eggs on Easter is practiced in many American homes.
18. Paul said that (almost/most) of the pie was eaten by the children.
19. Scientists feel that (they are/there are) several reasons to explore space.
20. The Preparations for graduation have (already/ all ready) been made.
21. The (first/former) book I read was easier than the other two.

Mcmlln 15/17
1. The men lied quietly for several days in their tents, gathering energy before making the descent from the top of
A B
the mountain.
2. We should find a time when it’s convenient to set down together and discuss this issue.
A B
3. Between the three of them, they must come up with some sound advice for the committee.
A B
4. We had better account for the number of money that is missing from the vault.
A B
5. This maybe the last time I see you.
A B
6. The ball rolled passed me and through the kitchen.
A B
7. Beside the three papers I have to write for history, I have one for philosophy, too.
A B
8. Your professor has told me that you worked hardly on this assignment.
A B
9. They raised the flag in a quite ceremony.
A B
10. Please remind that Thomas is very sensitive to outside criticism.
A B

11. The imaginary paper that John wrote for English class nearly won him a very prestigious prize.
A B

(speak falsely) lie lied lied lying

(in a horizontal position) lie lay lain lying
(put down) lay laid laid laying

Mcmlln 16/17