Sustainable Development by Mahendiran
Sustainable Development by Mahendiran
Sustainable Development by Mahendiran
MAHENDIRAN
CLASS: 10TH BLISS
SUBJECT: SOCIAL
TOPIC : STEPS TO IMPLEMENT
SUSTAINABE DEVELOPMENT
Steps to implement Sustainable development
Introduction
Everyone wants a better place to live. Some people want better homes and
housing, while other people want better schools, more jobs, better shops, or
cleaner and safer streets. Others may want all these things. Whatever the
problems in any neighborhood, they can usually be grouped into three issues.
People need:
a better environment – that means green spaces, play areas, no litter, nice
gardens, decent houses, less noise and pollution. The resources used
should renew over generations.
a better economy – that means jobs, reasonable prices, cheaper heat and
light, no loan sharks
Better social conditions – that means good leisure facilities, lots of
community groups offering sports and arts, friendly neighbors.
But many people now realize that if we are to tackle one issue, then we’ll
probably have to tackle the others as well. For instance, new shops are
unlikely to open in an area where crime and poverty levels are very high.
Similarly crime is unlikely to fall in an area where the housing has been
improved unless there are jobs available. People may move into an area where
housing and jobs are available, but if the surroundings are run-down
and public transport is poor, they may well not want to stay
This is not just a local issue. The same problems are faced at a national level.
If the governments of the world are to deal with poverty, they do not just need
to provide money and food aid, they need to help local people
get educated and get jobs. People also need a safe environment with adequate
homes and drinking water. To make these things work, governments also
need to make sure that people have an effective voice in deciding what
happens where they live.
Although the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been adopted as the UN
Agenda for 2030, and Sustainable Development (SD) has been growing as a concept
since
1987 when the Brundtland Report was published, both concepts SDGs and SD have
still a
Way to go to become fully integrated by the academy as part of political economy.
Development today has gone beyond AID and relations between Recipients and
Donors,
partnerships among stakeholders are being requested from multilateral as well as
from
Countries governments. It has been considered that to develop further the research
on
Partnerships with SD and SDGs, further understanding of these concepts beyond the
blue
Washing was necessary. This literature review (LR) addresses both concepts, SD
and SDGs,
As well as the critics being made to them. As the bedrock of these concepts is found,
it is
Expected that the basis to build a structure to discuss how partnerships can be
Implemented upon.
The following hypothesis relating SD and SDGs with a new development paradigm
is being
tested: Sustainable Development (SD) approach based on people, planet, and
prosperity,
Aiming to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is ambitious and
creates a
New paradigm of development. It takes the multidisciplinary and bottom-up
approach,
and it asks for multistakeholder participation. This LR will approach the main
documents
Used to arrive at the SDGs and will gather some of the highlights that represent the
spirit
Of these texts and their promoters.
Objective:
Securing economic development, social equity and justice, and environmental
protection is the goal of sustainable development. Although these three
factors can work in harmony, they are often found to conflict with one
another. During the latter half of the 20th century economic development for a
better standard of living has been instrumental in damaging the environment.
We are now in a position whereby we are consuming more resources than
ever, and polluting the Earth with waste products. More recently, society has
grown to realise that we cannot live in a healthy society or economy with so
much poverty and environmental degradation. Economic growth will remain
the basis for human development, but it must change and become less
environmentally destructive. The challenge of sustainable development is to
put this understanding into practice, changing our unsustainable ways into
more sustainable ones.
The aim of sustainable development is to balance our economic,
environmental and social needs, allowing prosperity for now and future
generations. Sustainable development consists of a long-term, integrated
approach to developing and achieving a healthy community by jointly
addressing economic, environmental, and social issues, whilst avoiding the
over consumption of key natural resources.
The 21st Conference of Parties (COP 21) under the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) successfully
concluded in Paris after intense negotiations by the Parties followed by the
adoption of the Paris Agreement on post-2020 actions on climate change.
This universal agreement will succeed the Kyoto Protocol. Unlike the Kyoto
Protocol, it provides a framework for all countries to take action against
climate change. Placing emphasis on concepts like climate justice and
sustainable lifestyles, the Paris Agreement for the first time brings together all
nations for a common cause under the UNFCCC. One of the main focus of
the agreement is to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well
below 2°C above pre- industrial level and on driving efforts to limit it even
further to 1.5°.
2. The Clean Development Mechanism projects in India
India is one of the few countries around the world to have a carbon tax in the
form of a cess on coal. Not only has India imposed such a cess but it has also
been progressively increasing it. The coal cess which was fixed at R50.00 per
tonne of coal since 22 June 2010 and increased to R100.00 per tonne of coal
in Budget 2014-15, was further doubled to R 200.00 per tonne in the 2015-16
Budget. 8.46 The National Clean Energy Fund (NCEF) which is supported by
the cess on coal was created for the purposes of financing and promoting
clean energy initiatives, funding research in the area of clean energy and for
any other related activities. Till date 56 projects have been recommended by
the inter ministerial group (IMG) with total viability gap funding (VGF) of
R34, 784.09 core spread over several years. For 2015-16, R4700 core has
been allocated in the Budget for NCEF projects. VGF is also being provided
for Manama ganged.
5. National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change
A National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC) has been established with a
budget provision of I350 core for the year 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. It is meant to assist
in meeting the cost of national- and state-level adaptation measures in areas that are
particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. The overall aim of the
fund is to support concrete adaptation activities that reduce the adverse effects of climate
change facing communities, sectors and states but are not covered under the ongoing
schemes of state and central governments. The adaptation projects contribute towards
reducing the risk of vulnerability at community and sector level. Till date, the NSCCC has
approved six detailed project reports (DPR), amounting to a total cost of I117.98 core,
submitted by Punjab, Odessa, Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
Key policy recommendations for Sustainable Development
Given the available evidence and scenarios, what can be said of the role of international
cooperation in finding solutions to sustainable development challenges? According with
Le Blanc a framework for international cooperation that aims to support sustainable
development would necessarily put a heavy emphasis on three dimensions: (i) the need to
eradicate poverty and hunger; (ii) the global ecological footprint of humanity; and (iii) the
management of global commons. Ideally, such a framework should be adapted to the
challenges of the future. The adoption of sustainable development without renunciation of
other objectives has translated into resistance from institutions at all levels to fully
accommodate sustainable development as a guiding framework for their operations, which
has resulted in the creation of dual or parallel “tracks” in many areas. Economic and
financial governance has remained firmly outside of the remit of sustainable development.
It has continued to function largely untouched by the concepts of sustainable development,
both at the international and national levels.
In September 2015, the 193-member states of the United Nations adopted the 2030
Development Agenda and the 17 SDGs, built off of the Millennium Development
Goals. The SDGs are not an official treaty, but a form of soft law aimed at
eliminating extreme poverty, building partnerships, and spurring economic growth
around the world. The private sector provides 9out of 10 jobs in developing
countries and has an important role to play in achieving the SDGs and solving
global problems. Many private sector actors support the SDGs and have joined the
UN Global Compact. At the Addis Ababa Financing for Development conference in
2015, it became clear that it would take trillions of dollars of financing of all types
to achieve the SDGs. Private sector participation is critical to strengthening the
economies in developing countries, employing the growing youth bulge in Africa,
and solving global challenges like migration.