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(Reglas Gramaticales) : Sujeto Verbo Auxiliar Forma Corta Participio Pasado

The document discusses the present perfect tense in English. It begins by explaining that the present perfect is similar to the preterite in Spanish and expresses actions that occurred in the past but are still relevant to the present. It then provides the grammatical rules for forming the present perfect using the auxiliary verb "to have" and the past participle. Finally, it outlines six common uses of the present perfect tense, such as describing experiences, indicating changes over time, and talking about actions that occurred at different times in the past.

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Alanis Pisco
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38 views

(Reglas Gramaticales) : Sujeto Verbo Auxiliar Forma Corta Participio Pasado

The document discusses the present perfect tense in English. It begins by explaining that the present perfect is similar to the preterite in Spanish and expresses actions that occurred in the past but are still relevant to the present. It then provides the grammatical rules for forming the present perfect using the auxiliary verb "to have" and the past participle. Finally, it outlines six common uses of the present perfect tense, such as describing experiences, indicating changes over time, and talking about actions that occurred at different times in the past.

Uploaded by

Alanis Pisco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRESENT PERFECT

The present perfect equals more or less the perfect past of Spanish. In general, it is a mixture
between the present and the past. We use it for actions in the past that are important in the present.

Grammatical Rules (Reglas gramaticales)

Form (Forma)

To form the present perfect, the auxiliary verb "to have" is used in the present and the past
participle of the verb. For regular verbs, the past participle is the simple form of the past.

Sujeto Verbo auxiliar Forma Corta Participio Pasado

I’ve, you’ve, we’ve, talked, learned,


I, you, we, they have
they’ve traveled…

talked, learned,
he, she, it has he’s, she’s, it’s
traveled…

There are many irregular past participles in English. Next, a list of one of the most
common irregular past participles.

Verbo Pasado Simple Participio pasado

be was/were been

do did done

go went gone

make made made

see saw seen

Alanis Holly Pisco Hernández. Group #10


Structure (Estructura)

1. Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas)

Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to have) + participio pasado…

Ejemplos:

I have [I’ve] talked to Peter.(He hablado con Peter.)


She has [She’s] gone to work.(Ha ido a su trabajo.)
We have [We’ve] been to London.(Hemos ido a Londres.)
They have [They’ve] learned English.(Han aprendido inglés.)

2. Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)

Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to have) + “not” + participio pasado…

Ejemplos:

I haven’t talked to Peter.(No he hablado con Peter.)


She hasn’t gone to work.(No ha ido a su trabajo.)
We haven’t been to London.(No hemos ido a Londres.)
They haven’t learned English.(No han aprendido inglés.)

3. Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas)

Verbo auxiliar (to have) + sujeto + participio pasado…?

Ejemplos:

Have you talked to Peter?(¿Has hablado con Peter?)


Has she gone to work?(¿Ha ido a su trabajo?)
Have you been to London?(¿Has ido a Londres?)
Have they learned English?(¿Han aprendido inglés?)

Uses (Usos)

The present perfect is used for actions that occurred at a non-specific time before now. The
specific time is not important. Therefore, we do not usually use specific expressions of time
("this morning", "yesterday", "last year" ...) with the present perfect. You can use the present
perfect with non-specific expressions of time ("never", "ever", "many times", "for", "since",
"already", "yet" ...). Next, the particular uses of the present perfect:

Alanis Holly Pisco Hernández. Group #10


1. The present perfect is used to describe an experience. We do not use it for specific
actions. Examples:

I have never flown in a plane.(Nunca he volado en un avión.)


He has worked in many different museums.(Ha trabajado en muchos museos diferentes.)
We have been to Río de Janeiro.(Hemos ido a Río de Janeiro.)

2. The present perfect is used for a change in time. Examples:

I have become more timid in my old age.(Me he vuelto más tímido en mi vejez.)
Their English has improved a lot this year.(Su inglés ha mejorado mucho este año.)
He has learned to be more patient.(Ha aprendido a ser más paciente.)

3. It is used for successes or achievements.

Examples:

Our football team has won the championship three times.(Nuestro equipo de fútbol ha
ganado el campeonato tres veces.)
Dan has finished writing his first novel.(Dan ha terminado de escribir su primera novela.)
Scientists have succeeded in curing many illnesses.(Los científicos han tenido éxito en la
curación de muchas enfermedades.)

4. We use the present perfect for actions that have not yet happened. The use of the present
perfect in these cases indicates that we are still waiting for action, so we often use the adverbs
"yet" and "still." Examples:

The plane hasn’t arrived yet.(El avión no ha llegado todavía.)


Our team still hasn’t won a championship.(Nuestro equipo aún no ha ganado un
campeonato.)
You haven’t finished your homework yet?(¿No has acabado todavía los deberes?)

5. The present perfect is used to talk about actions at different times in the past. The use of
the present perfect in these cases indicates that more actions are possible in the future.
Examples:

We have spoken several times, but we still can’t reach an agreement.(Hemos hablado
varias veces, pero todavía no podemos llegar a un acuerdo.)
Our team has played 4 games so far this year.(Nuestro equipo ya ha jugado 4 partidos este
año.)
I love New York! I have been there 5 times already and I can’t wait to go back.(¡Me
encanta Nueva York! Ya he estado allí 5 veces y no puedo esperar para regresar.)

Alanis Holly Pisco Hernández. Group #10


6. In general, we use the present continuous perfect for situations that have begun in the
past but remain in the present. But as we have seen, there are some verbs that we cannot
use in the continuous tenses. In these cases, we use the present perfect. Examples:

How long has Michael been in Barcelona?(¿Cuánto tiempo ha estado Michael en


Barcelona?)
I have loved you since the day I met you.(Te he querido desde el día que te conocí.)

Source: https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/verb-tenses-
present-perfect/present-perfect

Alanis Holly Pisco Hernández. Group #10

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