MSP430 Family EPROM module

C. EPROM Programming

This appendix describes the MSP430 EPROM module. The EPROM module is erasable
with ultraviolet light, and electrically programmable. Devices with an EPROM module are
offered in a windowed package for multiple programming and OTP package, for one
time programmable.

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 EPROM Module MSP430 Family

C.1 EPROM Operation

The CPU can fetch data and instructions from the EPROM. When the programming
voltage is applied to the TDI/VPP pin, the CPU can also write to the EPROM module.
Reading the EPROM is an identical process to that with other internal peripheral
modules. Both programming and reading can occur on byte or word boundaries.

Erasure
Before programming, the entire EPROM should be erased. Erasing of the EPROM
module is achieved by exposing the transparent window to ultraviolet light.

Note: EPROM exposed to ambient light

Normal ambient light contains the correct wavelength for erasure. When a
device with a transparent window is programmed for use the window should be
covered with an opaque label.
Exposing the EPROM module to ultraviolet light will also cause erasure in the
EEPROM module, if it is on-chip. Any useful data in the EEPROM module must
be reprogrammed after exposure to ultraviolet light.

The data in the EPROM module can be programmed serially via the integrated ‘JTAG’
feature, or via software which is part of the application software. The ‘JTAG’
implementation features an internal mechanism for security purposes. Once the ‘security
fuse’ is activated, no accesses to the device via the ‘JTAG’ functions are possible. The
‘JTAG’ is permanently switched to the by-pass mode.

Programming
The application must provide an external voltage supply to the TDI/VPP pin, to provide
the necessary voltage and current for programming. The minimum programming time is
noted in the electrical characteristics of the device data sheets.

The EPROM control register EPCTL controls the EPROM programming, once the
external voltage is supplied. The erase state is a ‘1’. When EPROM bits are
programmed, they are read as ‘0’.

The programming of the EPROM module can be done for single bytes, words, blocks of
individual length, or with the entire module. All bits that have a final level of ‘1’ must be
erased before programming. The programming can be done on single devices or even
in-system. The supply voltage should be in the range required by the device datasheet.
The levels on the ‘JTAG’ pins are defined in the device datasheet, and are usually
CMOS levels.

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MSP430 Family EPROM module

MSP430 on-chip MSP430 on-chip

Program Memory Program Memory
Word Format Byte Format

- - - - - - - -
xxxAh DEF0 xxxBh D E
xxx8h 9ABC xxxAh F 0
xxx6h 5678 xxx9h 9 A
xxx4h 1234 xxx8h B C
- - - - xxx7h 5 6
xxx6h 7 8
xxx5h 1 2
xxx4h 3 4
- -

EPROM Control Register EPCTL

7 0
EPCTL
VPPS EXE
054h
r-0 r-0 r-0 r-0 r-0 r-0 rw-0 rw-0

Bit 0: The execute bit EXE initiates and ends the programming to the EPROM
module. The external voltage must be supplied to the TDI/VPP before EXE bit
is set. The timing conditions are noted in the datasheets.
Bit 1: When the VPPS bit is set, the external programming voltage is connected to
the EPROM module. The VPPS bit must be set before EXE bit is set. It can be
reset together with the EXE bit. The VPPS bit must not be cleared between
programming operations.

EPROM Protect

The EPROM access via the serial test and programming interface ‘JTAG’ can be
inhibited when the ‘security fuse’ is activated. The security fuse is activated via serial
instructions shifted into the ‘JTAG’. Activating the fuse is not reversible and any access
to the internal system is disrupted. The by-pass function described in the standard
IEEE1149.1 is active.
C

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 EPROM Module MSP430 Family

C.2 FAST Programming Algorithm

The FAST programming cycle is normally used to program the data into the EPROM. A
programmed logical ‘0’ can be erased only by ultraviolet light.
Fast programming uses two types of pulses: prime and final. The length of the prime
puls is typically 100µs (see the latest datasheet). After each prime pulse, the
programmed data is verified. If it fails 25 times, the programming operation was false. If
correct data is read, the final programming pulse is applied; the final programming pulse
is 3 times the number of prime pulses applied.

Start-of-subroutine

VPP at TDI/VPP is switched to EPROM: Set VPPS bit

Load 'loop' into r_count, loop = 25
VPP at TDI/VPP is switched to EPROM: Set VPPS bit

Write data from 'BurnByte' to EPROM

Program one prime pulse (typ. 100us)

No Yes
Verify byte

r_count = r_count -1 Final programming pulse

applied:
Yes 3-times N prime pulse
r_count >0
No
Invert data in 'BurnByte'

End-of-subroutine: RET

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MSP430 Family EPROM module

C3. Program EPROM module via serial data link using ‘JTAG’
feature
The hardware interconnection of the ‘JTAG’ pins is done via four separate pins, plus the
ground or VSS reference level. The ‘JTAG’ pins are TMS, TCK, TDI(/VPP) and
TDO(/TDI).

VPP***
(11.5V/70mA)
TMS
TMS

TCK
TCK

TDI/VPP*
TDI

TDO/TDI**
TDO
SN74HCT125 68k MSP430Xxxx

Xout/TCLK****
TCLK

VCC/DVCC
AVCC

VSS/DVSS
AVSS

+ VCC/
DVCC
1k
Note *: TDI in standard mode,
220
VPP input during programming
Note **: TDO in standard mode,
SN74HCT125
Data input TDI during programming
Level Shifter
Note ***: see electrical characteristics in
the latest data sheet
Note ****: Optional, fast incrementing of
address via PC possible
Switches shown for programming situation
C

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 EPROM Module MSP430 Family

C4. Programming EPROM module via controller’s software

The hardware needed to program an EPROM module is quite simple: connect the
required supply to the TDI/VPP pin, and run the proper software algorithm. The software
algorithm that controls the EPROM programming cycle can not run in the same EPROM
module to which the data should be written. It is impossible to read instructions from the
EPROM and write data to it at the same time. The software needs to run from another
memory - from a ROM module, a RAM module or another EPROM module.

TMS*

TCK*

VPP*** TDI/VPP**
(11.5V/70mA)
68k
TDO/TDI***

68k

MSP430Xxxx

VSS/DVSS
AVCC

Note *: Internally a pull-up resistor is connected to TMS and TCK

Note **: ROM devices of MSP430 have an internal pull-up resistor at pin TDI/VPP
MSP430Pxxx or MSP430Exxx have no internal pull-up resistor. They
should have an ext. pull-down resistor preventing floating input node.
Note ***: The TDO/TDI pin should have an ext. pull-down resistor preventing
floating input node for secondary TDI function.

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MSP430 Family EPROM module

Programming EPROM module via controller’s software, Example;

The software example writes one byte into the EPROM with the fast programming
algorithm. The code is written position-independent, and will have been loaded (e.g. to
the RAM) before it is used. The programming algorithm runs during the programming
sequence in the RAM, thus avoiding conflict when the EPROM is written. The data
(byte) which should be written is located in the RAM address ‘BurnByte’, and the target
address of the EPROM module is held in the register ‘pointer’ defined with set directive.
The timing is adjusted to a cycle time of 1µs. When another cycle time / processor
frequency is selected, the software should be adjusted according to the operating
conditions.

- - - -
D E
F 0
yyyy 9 A - - - -
B C D E
5 6 F 0
7 8 R9 xxxx 9 A
1 2 B C
3 4 5 6
- - 7 8
1 2
Example: Write data in yyyy into location xxxx 3 4
BurnByte = (yyyy) = (9Ah) - -
R9 = xxxx

The target EPROM module can not execute the programming code sequence while the
data is being written into it. In the example, a subroutine moves the programming code
sequence into another memory, e.g. into the RAM.

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 EPROM Module MSP430 Family

Start-of-subroutine: load_burn_routine

Source start address of the code sequence >> R7

Destination start address of the code sequence >> R10

Move one word: (R7) >> (R10)

Increment Source and dest. pointer in R7 and R10

End-of-source code?

End-of-subroutine: RET

;-------------------------------------------------------------
; Definitions used in Subroutine :
; Move programming code sequence into RAM (load_burn_routine)
; Burn a byte into the EPROM area (RELOC_Burn_EPROM)
;-------------------------------------------------------------

EPCTL .set 054h ; EPROM Control Register

VPPS .set 2 ; Program Voltage bit
EXE .set 1 ; Execution bit
BurnByte .set 0220h ; address of data to be written
Burn_orig .set 0222h ; Start address of burn
; program in the RAM
loops .set 25
r_timer .set r8 ; 1us = 1 cycle
pointer .set r9 ; pointer to the EPROM address
; r9 is saved in the main routine
; before subroutine call is executed
r_count .set r10
lp .set 3 ; dec r_timer : 1 cycle : loop_t100
; jnz : 2 cycles : loop_t100
ov .set 2 ; mov #(100-ov)/lp,r_timer : 2 cycles

; Load EPROM programming sequence to another location e.g. RAM, Subroutine

;--- Burn subroutine: position independent code!

RAM_Burn_EPROM .set Burn_orig

load_burn_routine
push r9
push r10
mov #Burn_EPROM,R9 ; load pointer source
mov #RAM_Burn_EPROM,R10 ; load pointer dest.
load_burn1
C mov @R9,0(R10) ; move a word
incd R10 ; dest. pointer + 2
incd R9 ; source pointer + 2

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MSP430 Family EPROM module

cmp #Burn_end,R9 ; compare to end_of_table

jne load_burn1
pop r9
pop r10
ret

; Program one byte into EPROM, Subroutine

Burn_EPROM
dint ; ensure correct burn
timing
mov.b #VPPS,&EPCTL ; VPPS on
push r_timer ; save registers
push r_count ; programming subroutine
mov #loops,r_count ; 2 cycles = 2 us
Repeat_Burn
mov.b &BurnByte,0(pointer) ; write to data to EPROM
; 6 cycles = 6 us
bis.b #EXE,&EPCTL ; EXE on
; 4 cycles = 4 us
; total cycles VPPon to EXE
; 12 cycles = 12 us (min.)
mov #(100-ov)/lp,r_timer ;:programming pulse of
100us
wait_100 ;:starts, actual time
102us
dec r_timer ;:
jnz wait_100 ;:
bic.b #EXE,&EPCTL ;:EXE / prog. puls off

mov #4,r_timer ;:wait min. 10 us

wait_10 ;:before verifying
dec r_timer ;:programmed EPROM
jnz wait_10 ;:location, actual 13+ us

cmp.b &BurnByte,0(pointer) ; verify data = burned data

jne Burn_EPROM_bad ; data ‡ burned data > jump

; Continue here when data correctly burned into EPROM location

mov.b &BurnByte,0(pointer) ; write to EPROM again
bis.b #EXE,&EPCTL ; EXE on
add #(0ffffh-loop),r_count; Number of loops for
; successful programming
final_puls
mov #(300-ov)/lp,r_timer ;:programming pulse of
wait_300 ;:3*100us*N starts
dec r_timer ;:
jnz wait_300 ;:
inc r_count ;:
jn final_puls ;:
clr.b &EPCTL ;:EXE off / VPPS off C
jmp Burn_EPROM_end

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 EPROM Module MSP430 Family

Burn_EPROM_bad
dec r_count ; not ok : decrement loop counter
jnz Repeat_Burn ; loop not ended : do another trial
inv.b &BurnByte ; return the inverted data to flag
; failing the programming attempt
; the EPROM address is unchanged
;
Burn_EPROM_end
pop r_timer
pop r_count
eint
ret
Burn_end

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