The skeletal system consists of bones, joints, and cartilage that work together to support the body, allow movement, protect organs, and produce blood cells. The skeleton is divided into the axial skeleton including the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum, and the appendicular skeleton including the pectoral and pelvic girdles and upper and lower limbs. Bones are classified by their shape and markings provide attachment for muscles and passage for blood vessels. Joints connect bones and vary from immovable to freely movable. The muscular system works with the skeletal system to enable movement and maintain posture.
The skeletal system consists of bones, joints, and cartilage that work together to support the body, allow movement, protect organs, and produce blood cells. The skeleton is divided into the axial skeleton including the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum, and the appendicular skeleton including the pectoral and pelvic girdles and upper and lower limbs. Bones are classified by their shape and markings provide attachment for muscles and passage for blood vessels. Joints connect bones and vary from immovable to freely movable. The muscular system works with the skeletal system to enable movement and maintain posture.
The skeletal system consists of bones, joints, and cartilage that work together to support the body, allow movement, protect organs, and produce blood cells. The skeleton is divided into the axial skeleton including the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum, and the appendicular skeleton including the pectoral and pelvic girdles and upper and lower limbs. Bones are classified by their shape and markings provide attachment for muscles and passage for blood vessels. Joints connect bones and vary from immovable to freely movable. The muscular system works with the skeletal system to enable movement and maintain posture.
The skeletal system consists of bones, joints, and cartilage that work together to support the body, allow movement, protect organs, and produce blood cells. The skeleton is divided into the axial skeleton including the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum, and the appendicular skeleton including the pectoral and pelvic girdles and upper and lower limbs. Bones are classified by their shape and markings provide attachment for muscles and passage for blood vessels. Joints connect bones and vary from immovable to freely movable. The muscular system works with the skeletal system to enable movement and maintain posture.
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SKELETAL SYSTEM
Introduction septal cartilage. It divides the nasal
cavity into right and left sides. Bones, joints, and muscles working 7 skull bones form each side of the together form the musculoskeletal orbits(eye sockets) system. The formina of the skull bones provide Division of the Skeletal System passage for nerves and blood vessels. Sutures are immovable joints that The axial skeleton consists of bones connect most bones of the skulls arranged along the longitudinal axis. (coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, and The parts of the axial skeleton are the squamous sutures) skull, auditory ossicles (ear bones), Paranasal sinuses – cavities in bones of hyoid bone, vertebral column, sternum, the skull that communicate with the naal and ribs. cavity. They are lined by mucous membranes. The cranial bones Types of bones containing paranasal sinuses are frontal, Shape: bones are classified as long, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillae. short, flat, irregular, or sesamoid. Fontanels are fibrous, connective tissue Sesamoid bones develop in tendons or membrane-filled spaces between the ligaments. cranial bones of fetuses, and infants. Sutural bones – found within the sutures The major fontanels are the anterior, posterior, anterolaterals, and of some cranial bones. posterolateral. After birth, they fill in Bones Surface Markings with bone and become sutures.
Surface markings – structural features Hyoid bone
visible on the surfaces of bones. U-shaped bone; does not articulate Each marking (depression, an opening, with any other bone. or a process) is structured for a specific Supports the tongue and provides function, such as joint formation, muscle attachment for some tongue muscles attachment, or passage of nerves and blood vessels. and for some muscles of the pharynx and the neck. Skull Vertebral Column Consists of 22 cranial and facial bones. The vertebral column, sternum, and 8 cranial bones: frontal, 2 parietal, 2 ribs constitute the skeleton of the trunk temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and of the body. ethmoid. 26 bones of the adult vertebral column 14 facial bones: 2 nasal, 2 maxillae, 2 are the 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic zygomatic, 2 lacrimal, 2 palatine, 2 vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, sacrum inferior nasal conchae, vomer, and (5 fused together), and the coccyx (4 mandible. fused vertebra) The nasal septum consists of the vomer, The vertebral column contains the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, and normal curves (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral) that give strength, Comparison of Female and Male Pelvis support, and balance. The vertebrae are similar in structure, Bones of males are generally larger each usually consisting of a body, and heavier. They are more prominent vertebral arch, and seven processes. markings for muscle attachments. Vertebrae in the different regions of the The female pelvis is adapted for column vary in size, shape, and detail. pregnancy and childbirth.
Thorax Comparison of Pectoral and Pelvic Girdles
Thoracic skeleton – consists of the Pectoral girdle – does not directly
sternum, ribs, costal cartilages, and articulate with the vertebral column; the thoracic vertebrae. pelvic girdle does. Thoracic cage – protects vital organs in The glenoid fossae of the scapulae are the chest area and upper abdomen. shallow and maximize movement; the acetabula of the hip bones are deep and The Appendicular Skeleton allow less movement.
Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle Lower limb
Each consists of a clavicle and scapula. 60 bones in the 2 lower limbs
Attaches an upper limb to the axial (extremities) skeleton. Bones of each lower limb: femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, Upper Limb and phalanges. 60 bones in the 2 upper limbs Bones of the foot: arranged in 3 arches, (extremities) longitudinal arch, and the transverse The bones of each upper limb (humerus, arch, to provide support and leverage. ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, Joints phalanges) Introduction Pelvic (Shoulder) Girdle Joint (articulation or arthrosis) is a Consist of two hip bones. point of contact between 2 bones, Each consists of 3 fused components: between bones and cartilage, or ilium, pubis, and ischium. between bone and teeth. Hip bone + sacrum + pubic symphysis = Joint structure may permit no pony pelvis. It supports the vertebral movement, slight movement, or free column and the pelvic viscera and movement. attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton. Joint Classification True pelvis – separated from the false pelvis by the pelvic brim. Based on the presence or absence of synovial cavity, type of connecting tissue. Classifies as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial. Functional classification of joints is based on the degree of movement permitted. May be synarthroses (immovable), amphiarthroses (Slightly moveable), or diathroses (freely moveable).
Fibrous Joints
Bones held together by fibrous
connective tissue. Includes sutures (found between skull bones), slightly moveable syndesmoses (dista tibiofibular joint) and immovable gomphoses (roots of teeth in alveoli of mandible and maxilla). MUSCLE TISSUE MUSCULAR SYSTEM NERVOUS TISSUE