Crimes Against Public Interest (Outline)
Crimes Against Public Interest (Outline)
Crimes Against Public Interest (Outline)
164 Mutilation of coins; Any person who shall The coin must be in “legal prision correccional in its
Importation and mutilate coins of the legal tender”- “coins of the legal minimum period and a fine
utterance of mutilated currency of the United currency and “current coins” not to exceed P2,000
pesos
coins States or of the Philippine
It is indispensable that the
Islands or import or utter mutilated coin be of legal
mutilated current coins, or tender.
in connivance with
mutilators or importers- 1. Mutilating coins of the legal
currency, with the further
Mutilation- means to take requirement that there be
off part of the metal either intent to damage or to defraud
another.
by filling it or substituting it
for another metal of inferior 2. Importing or uttering such
quality mutilated coins, with the further
requirement that there must be
connivance with the mutilator
or importer in case of uttering
165 Selling of false or Any person who knowingly, *Possession of coin, lower by one degree than
mutilated coin, although without the counterfeited, or mutilated by that prescribed in said
without connivance connivance mentioned in another person, with intent to articles
the preceding articles, shall utter the same, knowing
possess false or mutilated (knowledge) that it is false of
coin with intent to utter the mutilated
same, or shall actually
utter such coin *Actually uttering such false
or mutilated coin, knowing
(knowledge) the same to be
false or mutilated
166 Forging treasury or The forging or falsification 1. By reclusion temporal in
bank notes on other of treasury or bank notes or its minimum period and a
documents payable to certificates or other fine not to exceed P10,000
bearer; importing, and obligations and securities
pesos, if the document
uttering such false or payable to bearer and the
forged notes and importation and uttering in which has been falsified,
documents. connivance with forgers or counterfeited, or altered,
importers of such false or is an obligations or
forged obligations or notes security of the United
States or of the Philippines
Islands.
The word "obligation or
security of the United
States or of the Philippine
Islands" shall be held to
mean all bonds,
certificates of
indebtedness, national
bank notes, fractional
notes, certificates of
deposit, bills, checks, or
drafts for money, drawn
by or upon authorized
officers of the United
States or of the Philippine
Islands, and other
representatives of value,
of whatever
denomination, which have
been or may be issued
under any act of the
Congress of the United
States or of the Philippine
Legislature.
2. By prision mayor in its
maximum period and a
fine not to exceed P5,000
pesos, if the falsified or
altered document is a
circulating note issued by
any banking association
duly authorized by law to
issue the same.
3. By prision mayor in its
medium period and a fine
not to exceed P5,000
pesos, if the falsified or
counterfeited document
was issued by a foreign
government.
4. By prision mayor in its
minimum period and a fine
not to exceed P2,000
pesos, when the forged or
altered document is a
circulating note or bill
issued by a foreign bank
duly authorized therefor.
167 Counterfeiting, Any person who shall 1. That there be an instrument prision correccional in its
importing and uttering forge, import or utter, in payable to order or other medium and maximum
instruments not connivance with the forgers document of credit not payable periods and a fine not
payable to bearer or importers, any to bearer.
exceeding P6,000 pesos.
instrument payable to 2. That the offender either
order or other document of forged, imported, or uttered
credit not payable to bearer such instrument.
3. That in case of uttering, he
connived with the forger or
importer.
168 Illegal possession and Unless the act be one of 1. That any treasury or bank penalty next lower in
use of false treasury those coming under the note or certificate or other degree than that
or bank notes and provisions of any of the obligation and security payable prescribed in said articles
other instruments of preceding articles, any to bearer, or any instrument
credit person who shall knowingly payable to order or other
use or have in his document of credit not payable
possession, with intent to to bearer is forged or falsified
use any of the false or by another person.
falsified instruments 2. That the offender knows that
referred to in this section any of those instruments is
forged or falsified.
3. That he performs any of these
acts:
a.) using any of such
forged or falsified instruments;
or
b.) possessing with intent
to use any of such forged or
falsified instruments
170 Falsification of Any person who, without 1. That there be a bill, resolution prision correccional in its
legislative documents proper authority therefor or ordinance enacted or maximum period and a
alters any bill, resolution, approved or pending fine not exceeding P6,000
approval by either House of the
or ordinance enacted or pesos
Legislature or any provincial
approved or pending board or municipal council.
approval by either House of 2. That the offender alters the
the Legislature or any same.
provincial board or 3. That he has no proper
municipal council. authority therefor.
4. That the alteration has
changed the meaning of the
document.
171 Falsification by public Any public officer, 1. That the offender is a public prision mayor and a fine
officer, employee or employee, or notary who, officer, employee, or notary not to exceed P5,000
notary or ecclesiastic taking advantage of his public. pesos
minister 2. That he takes advantage of
official position, shall falsify
his official position.
a document by committing 3. That he falsifies a document The same penalty shall be
any of the following acts: by committing any of the ff acts. imposed upon any
1. Counterfeiting or 4. In case the offender is an ecclesiastical minister who
ecclesiastical minister, the act of
imitating any shall commit any of the
falsification is committed with
handwriting, signature respect to any record or offenses enumerated in
or rubric; document of such character that the preceding paragraphs
Req: 1) that there be an its falsification may affect the of this article, with respect
intent to imitate or an civil status of persons. to any record or document
attempt to imitate and that of such character that its
the two signatures or falsification may affect the
handwritings, the genuine civil status of persons.
and the forged, bear some
resemblance to each other.
2. Causing it to appear
that persons have
participated in any act
or proceeding when
they did not in fact so
participate;
Req: 1) that the offender
caused it to appear in a
document that a person or
persons participated in an
act or a proceeding; and 2)
that such person /s didn’t
in fact so participate in the
act or proceeding
3. Attributing to persons
who have participated in
an act or proceeding
statements other than
those in fact made by
them;
Req: 1) that a person or
persons participated in act
or proceeding; 2) that such
person /s made statements
in that act or proceeding;
and 3) that the offender, in
making the document
attributed such person/s
statements other than
those in fact made by such
person/s.
4. Making untruthful
statements in a
narration of facts;
Req: 1) that the offender
makes in a document
statements in a narration of
facts; 2) that he has a legal
obligation to disclose the
truth of the facts narrated
by him; 3) that the facts
narrated by the offender
are absolutely false and, 4)
that the perversion of truth
in the narration of facts was
made with the wrongful
intent of injuring a third
person.
5. Altering true dates;
6. Making any alteration
or intercalation in a
genuine document
which changes its
meaning;
Req: 1) that there be an
alteration (change) or
intercalation (insertion) on
a document; 2) that it was
made on a genuine
document; 3) that the
alteration or the
intercalation has changed
the meaning of the
document and 4) that the
change made the
document speak something
false.
7. Issuing in an
authenticated form a
document purporting to
be a copy of an original
document when no such
original exists, or
including in such a copy
a statement contrary to,
or different from, that of
the genuine original; or
8. Intercalating any
instrument or note
relative to the issuance
thereof in a protocol,
registry, or official book.
172 Falsification by private 1. Falsification of public, Elements (No. 1) prision correccional in its
individual and use of official or commercial medium and maximum
falsified documents document by private 1. That the offender is a private periods and a fine of not
individual or a public officer or
individual- Any private more than P5,000 pesos
employee who did not take
individual who shall commit advantage of his official
any of the falsifications position.
enumerated in the next 2. That he committed any of the
preceding article in any acts of falsification enumerated
public or official document in art 171.
or letter of exchange or any
other kind of commercial 3. That the falsification was
document; and committed in a public or official
or commercial document.t
2. Falsification of private
document by any person-
Any person who, to the Elements (No. 2)
damage of a third party, or
with the intent to cause 1. That the offender committed
such damage, shall in any any of the acts of falsification,
private document commit except those in par 7, art 171.
any of the acts of 2. That the falsification was
falsification enumerated in committed in any private
the next preceding article. document.
3. That the falsification caused
damage to a third party or at
3. Use of falsified
least the falsification was
document- Any person who committed with intent to cause
shall knowingly introduce such damage.
in evidence in any judicial
proceeding or to the
damage of another or who,
with the intent to cause
such damage, shall use any
of the false documents
embraced in the next
preceding article, or in any
of the foregoing
subdivisions of this article,
shall be punished by the
penalty next lower in
degree.
175 Using false certificates Any one who shall 1. That a physician or arresto menor
knowingly use any of the surgeon had issued a false
false certificates mentioned medical certificate or a public
in the next preceding officer of merit or service or
article good conduct or similar
circumstances, or a private
person had falsified any of said
certificates.
2. That the offender knew that
the certificate was false.
3. That he used the same.
176 Manufacturing and Any person who shall make prision correccional in its
possession of or introduce into the medium and maximum
instruments or Philippine Islands any periods and a fine not to
implements for stamps, dies, marks, or
exceed P10,000 pesos
falsification. other instruments or
implements intended to be
used in the commission of
the offenses of
counterfeiting or
falsification mentioned in
the preceding sections of
this Chapter- 1) The
making or introducing
into the Philippines any
stamps, dies, marks, or
other instruments or
implements for
counterfeiting or
falsification.
2) Possessing with
intent to use the
instruments or implements
for counterfeiting or
falsification made in or
introduced into the
Philippines by another
perso.
177 Usurpation of Any person who shall prision correccional in its
authority or official knowingly and falsely minimum and medium
functions represent himself to be an periods.
officer, agent or
representative of any
department or agency of
the Philippine Government
or of any foreign
government, or who, under
pretense of official position,
shall perform any act
pertaining to any person in
authority or public officer of
the Philippine Government
or any foreign government,
or any agency thereof,
without being lawfully
entitled to do so
178 Using fictitious name Any person who shall 1. That the offender uses a arresto mayor and a fine
and concealing true publicly use a fictitious name other than his real not to exceed 500 pesos
name name for the purpose of name.
concealing a crime, 2. That he uses that fictitious
evading the execution of a name publicly.
judgment or causing 3. That the purpose of the
damage offender is to (a) conceal a
crime; (b) evade the execution
of a judgment or (c) cause
damage to public interest.
arresto menor or a fine not
to exceed 200 pesos
1. That the offender conceals-
Any person who conceals (a)his true name; and (b) all
his true name and other other personal circumstances;
personal circumstances and,
2. That the purpose is only to
conceal his identity.
179 Illegal use of uniforms Any person who shall 1. That the offender makes use arresto mayor
or insignia publicly and improperly of insignia, uniform or dress.
make use of insignia, 2. That the insignia, uniform or
uniforms or dress dress pertains to an office not
pertaining to an office not held by the offender or to a class
held by such person or to a of persons of which he is not a
class of persons of which he member.
is not a member 3. That said insignia, uniform or
dress is used publicly and
improperly.
180 False testimony Any person who shall give 1. That there be a criminal 1. The penalty of reclusion
against a defendant false testimony against the proceeding. temporal, if the defendant
defendant in any criminal 2. That the offender testifies in said case shall have
case falsely under oath against the
been sentenced to death;
defendant therein.
False Testimony- is 3. That the offender who gives 2. The penalty of prision
committed by a person false testimony knows that it is mayor, if the defendant
who, being under oath and false. shall have been sentenced
required to testify as to the to reclusion temporal or
truth of a certain matter at reclusion perpetua;
a hearing before a
competent authority, shall
deny the truth or say 3. The penalty of prision
something contrary to it. correccional, if the
defendant shall have been
Three Forms:
sentenced to any other
1. In Criminal Cases (Art. afflictive penalty; and
180 & 181) 4. The penalty of arresto
2. In Civil Cases (Art. 182) mayor, if the defendant
3. In Other Cases (Art. shall have been sentenced
183) to a correctional penalty or
a fine, or shall have been
acquitted.chanrobles
virtual law library
In cases provided in
subdivisions 3 and 4 of this
article the offender shall
further suffer a fine not to
exceed 1,000 pesos.
181 False testimony Any person who shall give arresto mayor in its
favorable to the false testimony in favor of maximum period to prision
defendants the defendant in a criminal correccional in its
case
minimum period a fine not
to exceed 1,000 pesos, if
the prosecution is for a
felony punishable by an
afflictive penalty, and the
penalty of arresto mayor
in any other case
182 False testimony in civil Any person found guilty of 1. That the testimony must be prision correccional in its
cases false testimony in a civil given in a civil case. minimum period and a fine
case 2. That the testimony must not to exceed 6,000
relate to the issues presented pesos, if the amount in
in said case. controversy shall exceed
3. That the testimony must be 5,000 pesos, and the
false. penalty of arresto mayor
in its maximum period to
4. That the false testimony must prision correccional in its
be given by the defendant minimum period and a fine
knowing the same to be false not to exceed 1,000
5. That the testimony must be pesos, if the amount in
malicious and given with an controversy shall not
intent to affect the issues exceed said amount or
presented in a case. cannot be estimated
183 False testimony in Any person, who knowingly 1. That the accused made a penalty of arresto mayor
other cases and makes untruthful statement under oath or in its maximum period to
perjury in solemn statements and not being executed an affidavit upon a prision correccional in its
affirmation material matter.
included in the provisions minimum period
2. That the statement or
of the next preceding affidavit, the accused made
articles, shall testify under before a competent officer,
oath, or make an affidavit, authorized to receive and
upon any material matter administer oath.
before a competent person 3. That in that statement or
authorized to administer an affidavit, the accused made a
oath in cases in which the willful and deliberate
assertion of a falsehood
law so requires.
4. That the sworn statement or
affidavit containing the falsity is
Any person who, in case of required by law.
a solemn affirmation made
in lieu of an oath, shall
commit any of the
falsehoods mentioned in
this and the three
preceding articles of this
section, shall suffer the
respective penalties
provided therein
1. By falsely testifying
under oath; and,
2. By making a false
affidavit
*Affidavit- is a sworn
statement in writing, a
declaration in writing made
upon oath before an
authorized magistrate or
officer.
184 Offering false Any person who shall 1. That the offender offered in shall be punished as guilty
testimony in evidence knowingly offer in evidence evidence a false witness or of false testimony and
a false witness or false testimony. shall suffer the respective
testimony in any judicial or 2. That he knew the witness or
penalties provided in this
official proceeding the testimony was false
3. That the offer was made in a section
judicial or official proceeding
185 Machinations in public Any person who shall solicit *Soliciting gift or promise prision correccional in its
auctions any gift or promise as a a. That there be a public minimum period and a fine
consideration for refraining auction. ranging from 10 to 50 per
from taking part in any b. That the accused solicited any
centum of the value of the
public auction, and any gift or a promise from any of the
person who shall attempt bidders. thing auctioned
to cause bidders to stay c. That such gift or promise was
away from an auction by the consideration for his
threats, gifts, promises, or refraining from taking part in
any other artifice, with that public auction
intent to cause the d. That the accused had the
reduction of the price of the intent to cause the reduction of
thing auctioned the price of the thing auctioned.
*Attempting to cause
bidders to stay away
a. That there is public auction
b. That the accused attempted
to cause the bidders to stay
away from that public auction
c. That it was done by threats,
gifts, promises or any other
artifice.
d. That the accused had the
intent to cause the reduction of
the price of the thing auctioned.
186 Monopolies and 1. Any person who shall prision correccional in its
combinations in enter into any contract or minimum period or a fine
restraint of trade agreement or shall take ranging from 200 to 6,000
part in any conspiracy or pesos, or both
combination in the form of
a trust or otherwise, in
restraint of trade or If the offense mentioned
commerce or to prevent by in this article affects any
artificial means free food substance, motor fuel
competition in the market; or lubricants, or other
2. Any person who shall articles of prime necessity,
monopolize any the penalty shall be that of
merchandise or object of prision mayor in its
trade or commerce, or shall maximum and medium
combine with any other periods it being sufficient
person or persons to for the imposition thereof
monopolize and that the initial steps have
merchandise or object in been taken toward
order to alter the price carrying out the purposes
thereof by spreading false of the combination.
rumors or making use of
any other article to restrain
free competition in the Any property possessed
market; under any contract or by
3. Any person who, being a any combination
manufacturer, producer, or mentioned in the
processor of any preceding paragraphs,
merchandise or object of and being the subject
commerce or an importer thereof, shall be forfeited
of any merchandise or to the Government of the
object of commerce from Philippines
any foreign country, either
as principal or agent, Whenever any of the
wholesaler or retailer, shall offenses described above
combine, conspire or agree is committed by a
in any manner with any corporation or association,
person likewise engaged in the president and each
the manufacture, one of its agents or
production, processing, representatives in the
assembling or importation Philippines in case of a
of such merchandise or foreign corporation or
object of commerce or with association, who shall
any other persons not so have knowingly permitted
similarly engaged for the or failed to prevent the
purpose of making commission of such
transactions prejudicial to offense, shall be held
lawful commerce, or of liable as principals thereof
increasing the market price
in any part of the
Philippines, of any such
merchandise or object of
commerce manufactured,
produced, processed,
assembled in or imported
into the Philippines, or of
any article in the
manufacture of which such
manufactured, produced,
or imported merchandise
or object of commerce is
used
187 Importation and Any person who shall prision correccional or a
disposition of falsely knowingly import or sell or fine ranging from 200 to
marked articles or dispose of any article or 1,000 pesos, or both
merchandise made of merchandise made of gold,
gold, silver, or other silver, or other precious
precious metals or metals, or their alloys, with
their alloys. stamps, brands, or marks
which fail to indicate the
actual fineness or quality of
said metals or alloys
A trade-name or trade-
mark as herein used is a
word or words, name, title,
symbol, emblem, sign or
device, or any combination
thereof used as an
advertisement, sign, label,
poster, or otherwise, for
the purpose of enabling the
public to distinguish the
business of the person who
owns and uses said trade-
name or trade-mark.
A service mark as herein
used is a mark used in the
sale or advertising of
services to identify the
services of one person and
distinguish them from the
services of others and
includes without limitation
the marks, names,
symbols, titles,
designations, slogans,
character names, and
distinctive features of radio
or other advertising
189 Unfair competition, Any person who, in unfair *Trademark Infringement
fraudulent registration competition and for the a. The validity of palintiff’s
of trade-mark, trade- purposes of deceiving or mark;
name or service mark, b. The plaintiff’s ownership of
defrauding another of his
fraudulent designation the mark and,
of origin, and false legitimate trade or the c. The use of the mark or its
description public in general, shall sell colorable imitation by the
his goods giving them the alleged infringer results in
general appearance of “likelihood of confusion”
goods of another
manufacturer or dealer,
either as to the goods *Unfair Competition
a. Confusing similarity in the
themselves, or in the
general appearance of the goods
wrapping of the packages and,
in which they are contained b. Intent to deceive the public
or the device or words and defraud a competitor.
thereon or in any other
features of their
appearance which would be
likely to induce the public
to believe that the goods
offered are those of a
manufacturer or dealer
other than the actual
manufacturer or dealer or
shall give other persons a
chance or opportunity to do
the same with a like
purpose.
Who are public officers. — For the purpose of applying the provisions of this and the preceding titles of this book, any person who,
by direct provision of the law, popular election or appointment by competent authority, shall take part in the performance of public
functions in the Government of the Philippine Islands, of shall perform in said Government or in any of its branches public duties
as an employee, agent or subordinate official, of any rank or class, shall be deemed to be a public officer.
207 Malicious delay in the any judge guilty of prision correccional in its
administration of justice malicious delay in the minimum period
administration of justice
211 Indirect bribery any public officer who prision correccional in its
shall accept gifts offered medium and maximum
to him by reason of his periods, and public
censure
office. (As amended by
Batas Pambansa Blg. 872,
June 10, 1985).
If no damage or
embarrassment to the
public service has
resulted, the penalty shall
be a fine from 5 to 50 per
cent of the sum
misapplied
221 Failure to make delivery Any public officer under arresto mayor and a fine
of public funds or obligation to make from 5 to 25 per cent of
property payment from the sum which he failed to
Government funds in his pay
possession, who shall fail
to make such payment This provision shall apply
to any public officer who,
being ordered by
competent authority to
deliver any property in his
custody or under his
administration, shall
refuse to make such
delivery
The fine shall be
graduated in such case by
the value of the thing,
provided that it shall not
less than 50 pesos
222 Officers included in the
preceding provisions. —
The provisions of this
chapter shall apply to
private individuals who in
any capacity whatever,
have charge of any
insular, provincial or
municipal funds,
revenues, or property and
to any administrator or
depository of funds or
property attached, seized
or deposited by public
authority, even if such
property belongs to a
private individual
223 Conniving with or Any public officer who 1. By prision correccional
consenting to evasion shall consent to the in its medium and
escape of a prisoner in his maximum periods and
custody or charge
temporary special
disqualification in its
maximum period to
perpetual special
disqualification, if the
fugitive shall have been
sentenced by final
judgment to any penalty.
2. By prision correccional
in its minimum period and
temporary special
disqualification, in case
the fugitive shall not have
been finally convicted but
only held as a detention
prisoner for any crime or
violation of law or
municipal ordinance
224 Evasion through If the evasion of the arresto mayor in its
negligence prisoner shall have taken maximum period to
place through the prision correccional in its
negligence of the officer minimum period and
charged with the temporary special
conveyance or custody of disqualification
the escaping prisoner
225 Escape of prisoner under Any private person to
the custody of a person whom the conveyance or the penalty next lower in
not a public officer custody or a prisoner or degree than that
person under arrest shall prescribed for the public
have been confided, who officer
shall commit any of the
offenses mentioned in the
two preceding articles
226 Removal, concealment or Any public officer who whenever serious damage
destruction of documents shall remove, destroy or shall have been caused
conceal documents or thereby to a third party or
papers officially entrusted
to the public interest
to him
2. The penalty of prision
correccional in its
minimum and medium
period and a fine not
exceeding 1,000 pesos,
whenever the damage to a
third party or to the public
interest shall not have
been serious.
In either case, the
additional penalty of
temporary special
disqualification in its
maximum period to
perpetual disqualification
shall be imposed
227 Officer breaking seal Any public officer charged prision correccional in its
with the custody of papers minimum and medium
or property sealed by periods, temporary
proper authority, who special disqualification
shall break the seals or and a fine not exceeding
permit them to be broken 2,000 pesos.
228 Opening of closed Any public officer not arresto mayor, temporary
documents included in the provisions special disqualification
of the next preceding and a fine of not
article who, without exceeding 2,000 pesos
proper authority, shall
open or shall permit to be
opened any closed papers,
documents or objects
entrusted to his custody
229 Revelation of secrets by Any public officer who prision correccional in its
an officer shall reveal any secret medium and maximum
known to him by reason of periods, perpetual special
his official capacity, or disqualification and a fine
shall wrongfully deliver not exceeding 2,000
papers or copies of papers
pesos if the revelation of
of which he may have
charge and which should such secrets or the
not be published delivery of such papers
shall have caused serious
damage to the public
interest; otherwise, the
penalties of prision
correccional in its
minimum period,
temporary special
disqualification and a fine
not exceeding 50 pesos
shall be imposed.
230 Public officer revealing Any public officer to whom arresto mayor and a fine
secrets of private the secrets of any private not exceeding 1,000
individual individual shall become pesos
known by reason of his
office who shall reveal
such secrets
231 Open disobedience Any judicial or executive arresto mayor in its
officer who shall openly medium period to prision
refuse to execute the correccional in its
judgment, decision or minimum period,
order of any superior temporary special
authority made within the disqualification in its
scope of the jurisdiction of maximum period and a
the latter and issued with fine not exceeding 1,000
all the legal formalities pesos.
269 Unlawful arrest any person who, in any arresto mayor and a fine
case other than those not exceeding 500 pesos
authorized by law, or
without reasonable ground
therefor, shall arrest or
detain another for the
purpose of delivering him
to the proper authorities
270 Kidnapping and failure any person who, being reclusion perpetua
to return a minor entrusted with the custody
of a minor person, shall
deliberately fail to restore
the latter to his parents or
guardians
271 Inducing a minor to anyone who shall induce a prision correccional and a
abandon his home minor to abandon the home fine not exceeding seven
of his parent or guardians hundred pesos
or the persons entrusted
with his custody If the person committing
any of the crimes covered
by the two preceding
articles shall be the father
or the mother of the
minor, the penalty shall be
arresto mayor or a fine not
exceeding three hundred
pesos, or both.
272 Slavery anyone who shall purchase, prision mayor and a fine of
sell, kidnap or detain a not exceeding 10,000
human being for the pesos
purpose of enslaving him.
278 Exploitation of minors Any person who shall cause any prision correccional in its
boy or girl under sixteen years minimum and medium
of age to perform any dangerous periods and a fine not
exceeding 500 pesos
feat of balancing, physical
strength, or contortion.
2. Any person who, being an
acrobat, gymnast, rope-walker,
diver, wild-animal tamer or
circus manager or engaged in a
similar calling, shall employ in
exhibitions of these kinds
children under sixteen years of
age who are not his children or
descendants.
3. Any person engaged in any of
the callings enumerated in the
next paragraph preceding who
shall employ any descendant of
his under twelve years of age in
such dangerous exhibitions.
4. Any ascendant, guardian,
teacher or person entrusted in
any capacity with the care of a
child under sixteen years of age,
who shall deliver such child
gratuitously to any person
following any of the callings
enumerated in paragraph 2
hereof, or to any
If the delivery shall have been
made in consideration of any
price, compensation, or
promise, the penalty shall in
every case be imposed in its
maximum period.
In either case, the guardian or
curator convicted shall also be
removed from office as guardian
or curator; and in the case of the
parents of the child, they may
be deprived, temporarily or
perpetually, in the discretion of
the court, of their parental
authority.
5. Any person who shall induce
any child under sixteen years of
age to abandon the home of its
ascendants, guardians,
curators, or teachers to follow
any person engaged in any of
the callings mentioned in
paragraph 2 hereof, or to
accompany any habitual vagrant
or beggar.
287 Light coercions Any person who, by means arresto mayor in its
of violence, shall seize minimum period and a fine
anything belonging to his equivalent to the value of
debtor for the purpose of the thing, but in no case
applying the same to the less than 75 pesos
payment of the debt
288 Other similar any person, agent or arresto mayor or a fine
coercions; officer, of any association ranging from 200 to 500
(Compulsory purchase or corporation who shall pesos, or both
of merchandise and
force or compel, directly or
payment of wages by The same penalties shall
means of tokens.) indirectly, or shall
be imposed upon any
knowingly permit any
person who shall pay the
laborer or employee
wages due a laborer or
employed by him or by
employee employed by
such firm or corporation to
him, by means of tokens
be forced or compelled, to
or objects other than the
purchase merchandise or
legal tender currency of
commodities of any kind.
the laborer or employee.
289 Formation, any person who, for the arresto mayor and a fine
maintenance and purpose of organizing, not exceeding 300 pesos
prohibition of maintaining or preventing
combination of capital coalitions or capital or
or labor through labor, strike of laborers or
violence or threats lock-out of employees,
shall employ violence or
threats in such a degree as
to compel or force the
laborers or employers in
the free and legal exercise
of their industry or work, if
the act shall not constitute
a more serious offense in
accordance with the
provisions of this Code
290 Discovering secrets any private individual who prision correccional in its
through seizure of in order to discover the minimum and medium
correspondence secrets of another, shall periods and a fine not
seize his papers or letters exceeding 500 pesos
and reveal the contents
thereof If the offender shall not
reveal such secrets, the
The provision shall not be penalty shall be arresto
applicable to parents,
mayor and a fine not
guardians, or persons
entrusted with the custody exceeding 500 pesos.
of minors with respect to
the papers or letters of the
children or minors placed
under their care or study,
nor to spouses with respect
to the papers or letters of
either of them.
291 Revealing secrets with any manager, employee, or arresto mayor and a fine
abuse of office servant who, in such not exceeding 500 pesos
capacity, shall learn the
secrets of his principal or
master and shall reveal
such secrets
292 Revelation of the person in charge, prision correccional in its
industrial secrets employee or workman of minimum and medium
any manufacturing or periods and a fine not
industrial establishment exceeding 500 pesos
who, to the prejudice of the
owner thereof, shall reveal
the secrets of the industry
of the latter