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    HIST TOPIC 18 Congress Rule Day of Deliverance 1937 39 PDF

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    The document summarizes Congress rule in India from 1937-1939. It states that Congress acted as a purely Hindu party, only working to benefit Hindus during its rule. The 27 months of Congress rule were a nightmare for Muslims, with some Congress leaders stating they would take revenge on Muslims for 700 years of slavery. Congress declared Hindi the national language, made cow slaughter illegal, and mandated Gandhi worship in schools. It also made an anti-Muslim song the national anthem. Congress policies aimed to weaken the Muslim economy and culture. The harsh treatment of Muslims under Congress rule led to the demand for a separate Muslim homeland in Pakistan.

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    HIST TOPIC 18 Congress Rule Day of Deliverance 1937 39 PDF

    Uploaded by

    abubakar
    255 views3 pages
    The document summarizes Congress rule in India from 1937-1939. It states that Congress acted as a purely Hindu party, only working to benefit Hindus during its rule. The 27 months of Congress rule were a nightmare for Muslims, with some Congress leaders stating they would take revenge on Muslims for 700 years of slavery. Congress declared Hindi the national language, made cow slaughter illegal, and mandated Gandhi worship in schools. It also made an anti-Muslim song the national anthem. Congress policies aimed to weaken the Muslim economy and culture. The harsh treatment of Muslims under Congress rule led to the demand for a separate Muslim homeland in Pakistan.

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    The document summarizes Congress rule in India from 1937-1939. It states that Congress acted as a purely Hindu party, only working to benefit Hindus during its rule. The 27 months of Congress rule were a nightmare for Muslims, with some Congress leaders stating they would take revenge on Muslims for 700 years of slavery. Congress declared Hindi the national language, made cow slaughter illegal, and mandated Gandhi worship in schools. It also made an anti-Muslim song the national anthem. Congress policies aimed to weaken the Muslim economy and culture. The harsh treatment of Muslims under Congress rule led to the demand for a separate Muslim homeland in Pakistan.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    255 views3 pages

    HIST TOPIC 18 Congress Rule Day of Deliverance 1937 39 PDF

    Uploaded by

    abubakar
    The document summarizes Congress rule in India from 1937-1939. It states that Congress acted as a purely Hindu party, only working to benefit Hindus during its rule. The 27 months of Congress rule were a nightmare for Muslims, with some Congress leaders stating they would take revenge on Muslims for 700 years of slavery. Congress declared Hindi the national language, made cow slaughter illegal, and mandated Gandhi worship in schools. It also made an anti-Muslim song the national anthem. Congress policies aimed to weaken the Muslim economy and culture. The harsh treatment of Muslims under Congress rule led to the demand for a separate Muslim homeland in Pakistan.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    Topic 18

    Congress Rule & Day of Deliverance 1937-39

    The Government of India Act of 1935 was practically implemented in 1937. The provincial
    elections were held in the winter of 1936-37. There were two major political parties in the Sub-
    continent at that time, the Congress and the Muslim League. Both parties did their best to
    persuade the masses before these elections and put before them their manifesto. The political
    manifestos of both parties were almost identical, although there were two major differences.
    Congress stood for joint electorate and the League for separate electorates; Congress wanted
    Hindi as official language with Deva Nagri script of writing while the League wanted Urdu with
    Persian script.

    Congress Tyranny:

    The Congress proved to be a pure Hindu party and worked during its reign only for the betterment
    of the Hindus. Twenty-seven months of the Congress rule were like a nightmare for the Muslims
    of India. Some of the Congress leaders even stated that they would take revenge from the
    Muslims for the last 700 years of their slavery.

    After taking charge in July 1937, Congress declared Hindi as the national language and Deva
    Nagri as the official script. The Congress flag was given the status of national flag, slaughtering of
    cows was prohibited and it was made compulsory for the children to worship the picture of
    Gandhi at school. Band-i-Mataram, an anti-Muslim song taken from Bankim Chandra Chatterji's
    novel Ananda Math, was made the national anthem of the country. Religious intolerance was the
    order of the day. Muslims were not allowed to construct new mosques. Hindus would play drums
    in front of mosques when Muslims were praying.

    The Congress government introduced a new educational policy in the provinces under their rule
    known as the Warda Taleemi Scheme. The main plan was to sway Muslim children against their
    ideology and to tell them that all the people living in India were Indian and thus belonged to one
    nation. In Bihar and C. P. the Vidya Mandar Scheme was introduced according to which Mandar
    education was made compulsory at elementary level. The purpose of the scheme was to
    obliterate the cultural traditions of the Muslims and to inculcate into the minds of Muslim children
    the superiority of the Hindu culture.

    History Handouts prepared by Usman hameed 03224557967 Page 1


    The Congress ministries did their best to weaken the economy of Muslims. They closed the doors
    of government offices for them, which was one of the main sources of income for the Muslims in
    the region. They also harmed Muslim trade and agriculture. When Hindu-Muslim riots broke out
    due to these biased policies of the Congress ministries, the government pressured the judges;
    decisions were made in favor of Hindus and Muslims were sent behind bars.

    Expected Questions & Answer:

    Question No. 1: Why was the Day of Deliverance in 1939 celebrated? 7


    June 2000 Q.2 b

    Question No. 2: Which of the following was the most important in the development
    of the Pakistan Movement.
    (i) Jinnah’s 14 points 1929
    (ii) Govt. of India Act 1935
    (iii) Congress Rule 1937-39.

    Explain your answer with reference to all three of the above. 14


    Nov. 2001 Q. 2 c

    Question No. 3: why was Congress rule of 1937 -39 hated? 7


    Nov. 2002 Q. 3. B

    Question No. 4: Why was Congress rule of 1937-39 so hated by the Muslims? 7
    June 2004, Q. 3 b

    Question No. 5: The main reason why Congress rule (1937-39) was so hated was
    because of the introduction of the Wardha Scheme. Do you agree? Explain your
    answer.
    14
    Nov. 2006 Q. 3 c

    Question No. 6: Why did Muslim object to the rule of the congress party between
    1937-39? 7
    June 2007 Q. 3 b

    Question No. 6: do you agree that the celebration of the Day of Deliverance in 1939
    was justified? Give reasons for your answer 14
    June 2009 Q.3 c
    Question No.7: The main reason why Congress rule (1937–1939) was so hated was
    because of the introduction of the Wardha Scheme.’ Do you agree? Explain your
    answer. June 2012 Q.3 c 14
    Question No.8: Was the main reason why Congress rule (1937–1939) was hated so
    much because of the introduction of Bande Matram? Explain your answer. 14
    Nov. 2013 Q.3 b

    Question No.9: The Government of India Act of 1935 was opposed on all sides in
    India. However, it was an important step towards independence, as it provided the

    History Handouts prepared by Usman hameed 03224557967 Page 2


    basis for the negotiations which finally resulted in the British leaving India.
    Parliamentary systems had been set up, in which the Indian people gained increased
    representation. The 1937 elections, which both the Congress and Muslim League
    wanted to contest, followed quickly at provincial level.

    (a) What were the outcomes of the provincial elections of 1937? 4


    May/June 2014 Q.2 a

    Answer to Question No. 2:

    Mr. Jinnah’s 14 points 1929 were put forward in answer to Nehru report which had
    several points against Muslim interest .Nehru report was not acceptable to the
    Muslims. These points were the first ever comprehensive demand put forward by the
    ML. Its main aim was to protect & safeguard the rights of the Muslims of the sub-
    continent. At that time the Muslims had not started thinking in terms of a separate
    homeland & it was not included in the 14 points.

    The government of India Act 1935 was a constitutional reform which gave more
    powers to the Indian people. It introduced provincial autonomy in provinces where
    all ministers were elected Indians. But the overall power remained in the hands of
    the British Viceroy and Governors. The congress & ML both had rejected it. The
    Government of India Act 1935 didn’t have any effect on Pakistan movement.

    There had been a series of atrocities of the Hindus against the Muslims throughout
    the centuries but the most horrible years for the Muslims were the years of 19 37 to
    1939. These were the two years only but the congress revenge was so harsh that
    Muslims still feel that pain. That congress rule 1937-39 urged the Muslims to get
    united & strove for their separate country. That congress rule changed the psyche of
    the Indian Muslim leaders included Quid e Azam Pakistan became inevitable.

    The Pakistan movement started after the ML passed the Lahore Resolution in March
    1940 demanding a separate homeland for the Muslims. Indeed The most important
    factor was the Congress rule. The unbearable atrocities of the congress ministers to
    harm the culture, religion & the language of Muslims were difficult to be tolerated.
    The use of the song of the Bande Matram as national anthem hurt the Muslim
    feelings. Through Wardha Scheme & Vidya Mandir scheme attempts were made to
    propagate Hindu culture & religion. Education was to be in Hindi & Muslim Children
    were at a disadvantage because there was no religious education in schools.

    Communal riots became a common feature in which Muslims were made victums, yet
    only the Muslims were blamed for initiating the riots. Ban o Cow slaughter &
    interruption in prayers in mosques was deliberately done. The ML prepared ‘Pirpur
    Report’ & ‘Sharif Report’ to highlight the unjust treatment to Muslims by the
    congress ministers. The Muslims rightly thought that it would be wrong to expect just
    & fair treatment from the Congress after the British left India. Therefore Muslims
    were compelled to ask for separate homeland & the Pakistan Movement was started.

    Therefore it can be concluded that the Congress Rule 1937-39 was the most
    important factor in the development of Pakistan Movement.

    History Handouts prepared by Usman hameed 03224557967 Page 3

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