Li-Fi Technology

Presented byPresented By
Mohammed Shammas
SHAFZ 4 Sem - 30
th
Contents
Introduction
History
Architecture of Li-Fi
How Li-Fi works
Why VLC?
Wi-Fi vs Li-Fi
Advantages
Applications
Limitations
Future scope
Conclusion
References
Introduction
LiFi is a wireless optical networking technology that
uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for data
transmission.
LiFi is designed to use LED light bulbs similar to
those currently in use in many energy-conscious
homes and offices.
However, LiFi bulbs are outfitted with a chip that
modulates the light imperceptibly for optical data
transmission.
Introduction
Introduction
LiFi data is transmitted by the LED bulbs and
received by photo receptors.
History
Professor Harald Haas, from the University of
Edinburgh in the UK, is widely recognised as the
original founder of Li-Fi.
History
Haas promoted this technology in his 2011 TED
Global talk and helped start a company to market it.
pureLifi is a start up that develops, manufactures and
sells high-technology products in the Li-Fi domain.

In October 2011, companies and industry groups

formed the Li-Fi Consortium, to promote high-speed
optical wireless systems.
Architecture of Li-Fi
The main components of basic Li-Fi system are:-

LED Bulb Photodiode

Architecture of Li-Fi
Data from source computer converted into byte format.

Then converted into light signals.

The light signal is received by the photodiode at the

receiver side.

Received data converted back by the destination

computer.
Li-Fi Transmitter system comprises of four primary sub
assemblies:
 Bulb
 RF Power Amplifier Circuit(PA)
 Printed Circuit Board(PCB)

 Enclosure
Working of Li-Fi
Li-Fi uses visible light between violet(800THz) and red
(400THz).
There is a light emitting diode on one end i.e., an LED
transmitter, and a photo detector(light sensor) on other.
the invisible on-off activity enables data transmission
using binary codes.
The data input to the LED transmitter encoded into the
light by varying the flickering of the light.
Working of Li-Fi
If the LED is ON- a digital 1 is transmitted.
If the LED is OFF- a digital 0 is transmitted.
The receiver(photo receptor) registers a binary 1 when the
LED is on and binary 0 when LED is off.
Working of Li-Fi
VLC data rate can be further increased to as high as 10
Gbps via parallel data transmission , using an array or
different colors of LED lights with each LED transmitting
different data stream.
Why VLC
The frequency spectrum consist of many wave
regions like
 X-rays
 Gamma-rays
 UV region
 Infrared region
 Microwaves

Any one of the above waves can be used in the

upcoming communication technologies. But why
the visible light part is chosen.?
Why VLC
The reason behind this is the easy availability and
lesser harmful effects that occur due to these rays of
light.
Whereas other wave regions have following
disadvantages:-
Gamma rays
Can kill living cells
Used for radiotherapy-kill cancer cells.
It can cause variety of cancers. They cause mutation
in growing tissues. So newborn babies are
especially vulnerable.
Why VLC
X-rays
Used by doctors to see inside people.
Similar to gamma rays, it can cause cell
damage and cancers.
Ultra-violet
Large dose of ultra violet light can damage the
retinas in your eyes.
Cause sunburn and even skin cancers
Why VLC
Infrared
Large dose of infrared waves can damage skin and
tissues.
It can increase atmospheric temperature, which will
change weather patterns that can be harmful to
people and animals.
Microwaves
It can heat the body tissues
It can affect your brain.
 Both the technologies transmit data through electro magnetic spectrum
 Wi-Fi works well for wireless coverage within building/ campus/ compound,
and Li-Fi is ideal for high density wireless data coverage inside a confined
area or room and is free from interference issues unlike the Wi-Fi.
Comparison of speed of various wireless
communication technologies
Shortcomings of Radio waves transmission
when comparing with Li-Fi
Shortcomings of Radio waves transmission
when comparing with Li-Fi
Capacity
 It has limited bandwidth when comparing with Li-Fi.
 Development of technologies like 3G and 4G, we are running
out of spectrum.
Energy efficiency
 There are large number of cellular radio base stations that
consume massive amount of energy.
 Most of the energy is used for cooling down the base station
instead of transmission.
Availability
 Radio waves are not advisable to be used in aeroplanes and
places where radio interference.
Shortcomings of Radio waves transmission
when comparing with Li-Fi
Security
Radio waves can penetrate through walls.
they can be intercepted. This cause a major
security concern for Wi-Fi.
Advantages of Li-Fi
Efficiency
Homes and offices already have LED bulbs for
lighting purposes, the same source of light can be
used to transmit data.
Light must be there for communication.
When there is no need of light, it can be reduced to
a point where it appears off to human eye, but is
actually still on and working.
Advantages of Li-Fi
High speed
Combination of low interference, high bandwidth, help
Li-Fi provide high data rates i.e 1 Gbps or even beyond.
Availability
Light bulbs are present everywhere-in homes, offices,
shops, malls and even planes, which can be used as a
medium for data transmission.
Cheaper
Requires fewer components
Uses only negligible additional power for data
transmission.
Advantages of Li-Fi
Security
Light cannot pass through opaque structures, Li-Fi
internet is available only to the users within a room
and cannot be misused by users in other rooms or
buildings.
Applications
Education system
Li-Fi can provide fastest speed for internet access.so
it can replace Wi-Fi at educational institutions and
companies.
Medical applications
Operation theatres do not allow Wi-Fi due to
radiation concerns.
Wi-Fi interferes the signals of monitoring equipment
These interfering can affect patient’s health, due to
improper working of medical machines.
Applications
Aircrafts
Wi-Fi can interfere navigational system of the plane.
Under water applications
Radio wave cannot be used under water, because these waves are
strongly absorbed by sea water.
Communication with ROVs done through large cables.
Traffic management
Lifi can provide smooth flow of traffic and reduction of accidents.
Mobile connectivity
Mobiles, tablet, laptops can easily connect with each other. short
range network of Li-Fi can yield high data rates and high security.
Use cases
It is one of the leading companies in Li-Fi technology.
The world’s first Li-Fi system, The Li-Flame is developed
by pureLi-Fi.
LiFi-X is a Li-Fi dongle 
Use cases
OLEDCOMM
It is a French company- designs and manufactures Li-Fi
solutions.
 GEOLiFi
 LiFiNET
 Are products/ services provided by OLEDCOMM

GEOLiFi- indoor Location based service.

 With GEOLiFi, The LED lightings in a building can be

converted into a true indoor positioning system(IPS).

LiFiNET- unlimited bandwidth for connecting people
and IoT
 It allows a highly secure and private bidirectional

communication for the IoT.

Limitations of Li-Fi
Internet cannot be accessed without a light
source.

Opaque obstacles on pathways can affect data

transmission.

Natural light and normal electric light can

affect the data transmission speed.
Limitations of Li-Fi
Light waves don’t penetrate through walls and
so Li-Fi has a much shorter range than Wi-Fi.

High initial installation cost.

Future Scope
As light is everywhere and free to use, there is a great
scope for the use and evolution of LiFi technology. As
the LiFi technology become popular, it will lead to
cleaner, greener, safer communications and have a
bright future and environment. if it evolves faster,
people will use this technology more and more
Conclusion
The technology is in its developing stage.
The possibilities are numerous and can be explored
further. If this technology can be put into practical
use, every bulb can be used something like a Wi-Fi
hotspot to transmit wireless data
References
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li-Fi
• https://www.tutorialspoint.com/articles/li-fi-a-possible-
revolution-in-communication
• https://www.techopedia.com/7/31769/technology-trends/
what-is-li-fi
• https://purelifi.com/
• https://www.oledcomm.net/
• https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/LiFi
 Thank you
Any Questions...?