Ch10 Giancoli7e TestBank

Physics: Principle and Applications, 7e (Giancoli)
Chapter 10 Fluids
10.1 Conceptual Questions
1) Substance A has a density of 3 g/cm3 and substance B has a density of 4 g/cm3. In order to
obtain equal masses of these two substances, what must be the ratio of the volume of A to the
volume of B?
A) =
B) =
C) =
D) =
E) =
Answer: B
Var: 1
2) A hollow sphere of negligible mass and radius R is completely filled with a liquid so that its
density is ρ. You now enlarge the sphere so its radius is 2R and completely fill it with the same
liquid. What is the density of the enlarged sphere?
A) 8 ρ
B) 4 ρ
C) ρ/2
D) ρ
E) ρ/8
Answer: D
Var: 1
3) A styrofoam sphere of radius R has a density ρ. You now carefully compress the sphere so its
radius is R/2. What is the density of the compressed sphere?
A) 2 ρ
B) 4 ρ
C) ρ
D) ρ
E) 8 ρ
Answer: E
Var: 1
1
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4) When a box rests on a round sheet of wood on the ground, it exerts an average pressure p on
the wood. If the wood is replaced by a sheet that has half the diameter of the original piece, what
is the new average pressure?
A) 4p
B) 2p
C) p
D) p/2
E) p/4
Answer: A
Var: 1
5) When a heavy metal block is supported by a cylindrical vertical post of radius R, it exerts a
force F on the post. If the diameter of the post is increased to 2R, what force does the block now
exert on the post?
A) F/4
B) F/2
C) F/
D) F
E) 2F
Answer: D
Var: 1
6) As shown in the figure, fluid fills a container having several sections. At which of the
indicated points is the pressure greatest?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) The pressure is the same at each of the labeled points.
Answer: E
Var: 1
2
7) Consider a brick that is totally immersed in water, with the long edge of the brick vertical. The
pressure on the brick is
A) the same on all surfaces of the brick.
B) greatest on the face with largest area.
C) greatest on the top of the brick.
D) greatest on the sides of the brick.
E) greatest on the bottom of the brick.
Answer: E
Var: 1
8) An air bubble underwater has the same pressure as that of the surrounding water. As the air
bubble rises toward the surface (and its temperature remains constant), the volume of the air
bubble
A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) remains constant.
D) increases or decreases, depending on the rate it rises.
Answer: A
Var: 1
3
9) A cubical block of stone is lowered at a steady rate into the ocean by a crane, always keeping
the top and bottom faces horizontal. Which one of the following graphs best describes the gauge
pressure p on the bottom of this block as a function of time t if the block just enters the water at
time t = 0 s?
Answer: A
Var: 1
4
the top and bottom faces horizontal. Which one of the following graphs best describes the
absolute (total) pressure p on the bottom of this block as a function of time t if the block just
enters the water at time t = 0 s?
Answer: C
Var: 1
11) If atmospheric pressure increases by an amount Δp, which of the following statements about
the pressure in a lake is true? (There could be more than one correct choice.)
A) The absolute (total) pressure does not change.
B) The absolute (total) pressure increases, but by an amount less than Δp.
C) The absolute (total) pressure increases by Δp.
D) The gauge pressure increases by Δp.
E) The gauge pressure does not change.
Answer: C, E
Var: 1
5
12) A closed cubical chamber resting on the floor contains oil and a piston. If you push down on
the piston hard enough to increase the pressure just below the piston by an amount Δp, which of
the following statements is correct? (There could be more than one correct choice.)
A) The pressure everywhere in the oil will increase by Δp.
B) The pressure at the bottom of the oil will increase by more than Δp.
C) The pressure at the top of the oil will increase by less than Δp.
D) The pressure on the sides of the chamber will not increase.
E) The increase in the force on the top of the chamber will be the same as the increase in the
force on the bottom of the chamber.
Answer: A, E
Var: 1
13) The water pressure to an apartment is increased by the water company. The water enters the
apartment through an entrance valve at the front of the apartment. Where will the increase in the
static water pressure be greatest when no water is flowing in the system?
A) at a faucet close to the entrance valve
B) at a faucet far from the entrance valve
C) It will be the same at all faucets.
D) There will be no increase in the pressure at the faucets.
Answer: C
Var: 1
14) A waiter fills your water glass with ice water (containing many ice cubes) such that the liquid
water is perfectly level with the rim of the glass. As the ice melts,
A) the liquid-water level remains flush with the rim of the glass.
B) the liquid water level rises, causing water to run down the outside of the glass.
C) the liquid-water level decreases.
Answer: A
Var: 1
15) A spherical ball of lead (density 11.3 g/cm3) is placed in a tub of mercury (density 13.6
g/cm3). Which answer best describes the result?
A) The lead ball will float with about 83% of its volume above the surface of the mercury.
B) The lead ball will float with its top exactly even with the surface of the mercury.
C) The lead ball will float with about 17% of its volume above the surface of the mercury.
D) The lead will sink to the bottom of the mercury.
Answer: C
Var: 1
16) A wooden block contains some nails so that its density is exactly equal to that of water. If it
is placed in a tank of water and released from rest when it is completely submerged, it will
A) rise to the surface.
B) sink to the bottom.
C) remain where it is released.
Answer: C
Var: 1
6
17) A boat loaded with rocks is floating in a swimming pool. If the rocks are thrown into the
pool, the water level in the pool, after the rocks have settled to the bottom,
A) rises.
B) falls.
C) stays the same.
Answer: B
Var: 1
18) Salt water has greater density than fresh water. A boat floats in both fresh water and in salt
water. Where is the buoyant force greater on the boat?
A) in salt water
B) in fresh water
C) The buoyant force is the same in both cases.
Answer: C
Var: 1
19) Salt water is denser than fresh water. A ship floats in both fresh water and salt water.
Compared to the fresh water, the volume of water displaced in the salt water is
A) more.
B) less.
C) the same.
D) Cannot be determined because we do not know the volume of the ship.
Answer: B
Var: 1
20) A steel ball sinks in water but floats in a pool of mercury, which is much denser than water.
Where is the buoyant force on the ball greater?
A) floating on the mercury
B) submerged in the water
C) It is the same in both cases.
D) It cannot be determined from the information given.
Answer: A
Var: 1
21) A 10-kg piece of aluminum sits at the bottom of a lake, right next to a 10-kg piece of lead,
which is much denser than aluminum. Which one has the greater buoyant force on it?
A) the aluminum
B) the lead
C) Both have the same buoyant force.
D) It cannot be determined without knowing their volumes.
Answer: A
Var: 1
7
22) A piece of iron rests on top of a piece of wood floating in a bathtub. If the iron is removed
from the wood, and kept out of the water, what happens to the water level in the tub?
A) It goes up.
B) It goes down.
C) It does not change.
D) It is impossible to determine from the information given.
Answer: B
Var: 1
23) A piece of wood is floating in a bathtub. A second piece of wood sits on top of the first
piece, and does not touch the water. If the top piece is taken off and placed in the water, what
happens to the water level in the tub?
A) It goes up.
B) It goes down.
C) It does not change.
D) It cannot be determined without knowing the volumes of the two pieces of wood.
Answer: C
Var: 1
24) As a rock sinks deeper and deeper into water of constant density, what happens to the
buoyant force on it if it started above the surface of the water?
A) The buoyant force keeps increasing steadily.
B) The buoyant force remains constant.
C) The buoyant force first increases and then remains constant.
D) The buoyant force steadily decreases.
Answer: C
Var: 1
8
the top and bottom faces horizontal. Which one of the following graphs best describes the
buoyant force B on this block as a function of time t if the block just enters the water at time t = 0
s?
Answer: B
Var: 1
26) A 50-cm3 block of wood is floating on water, and a 50-cm3 chunk of iron is totally
submerged in the water. Which one has the greater buoyant force on it?
A) the wood
B) the iron
C) Both have the same buoyant force.
D) It cannot be determined without knowing their densities.
Answer: B
Var: 1
27) When you blow some air above a paper strip, the paper rises. This happens because
A) the air above the paper moves faster and the pressure is higher.
B) the air above the paper moves faster and the pressure is lower.
C) the air above the paper moves faster and the pressure remains constant.
D) the air above the paper moves slower and the pressure is higher.
E) the air above the paper moves slower and the pressure is lower.
Answer: B
Var: 1
9
28) Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pipe at point B is larger than at point A.
Where is the water pressure greatest?
A) at point A
B) at point B
C) It is the same at both A and B.
Answer: B
Var: 1
29) Two horizontal pipes are the same length, but pipe B has twice the diameter of pipe A. Water
undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths
of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe A is Q = , what is the flow rate in pipe B?
A) 2Q
B) 4Q
C) 8Q
D) 16Q
E) Q
Answer: D
Var: 1
30) Two horizontal pipes have the same diameter, but pipe B is twice as long as pipe A. Water
undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths
of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe B is Q = what is the flow rate in pipe A?
A) 2Q
B) 4Q
C) 8Q
D) 16Q
E) Q
Answer: A
Var: 1
10
10.2 Problems
1) A plastic block of dimensions 2.00 cm × 3.00 cm × 4.00 cm has a mass of 30.0 g. What is its
density?
A) 0.80 g/cm3
B) 1.20 g/cm3
C) 1.25 g/cm3
D) 1.60 g/cm3
Answer: C
Var: 1
2) A compressed gas with a total mass of is stored in a spherical container having a radius
of 0.521 m. What is the density of the compressed gas?
A) 181 kg/m3
B) 110 kg/m3
C) 134 kg/m3
D) 161 kg/m3
Answer: A
Var: 50+
3) The density of material at the center of a neutron star is approximately 1.00 × 1018 kg/m3.
What is the mass of a cube of this material that is on each side. (One micron is equal
-6
to 1.00 × 10 m.)
A) 5.45 kg
B) 4.74 kg
C) 6.16 kg
D) 6.70 kg
Answer: A
Var: 50+
4) Under standard conditions, the density of air is 1.29 kg/m3. What is the mass of the air inside
a room measuring 4.0 m × 3.0 m × 2.0 m?
A) 0.32 kg
B) 3.1 kg
C) 31 kg
D) 1.9 kg
E) 19 kg
Answer: C
Var: 1
11
5) A round coin has a diameter of 19.55 mm, a thickness of 1.55 mm, and a mass of 2.50 g. What
is its density?
A) 5.37 × 103 kg/m3
B) 21.5 × 103 kg/m3
C) 1.34 × 103 kg/m3
D) 2.68 × 103 kg/m3
E) 1.86 × 10-4 kg/m3
Answer: A
Var: 1
6) A 1938 nickel has a diameter of 21.21 mm, a thickness of 1.95 mm, and weighs 0.04905 N.
What is its density?
A) 1.37 × 10-4 kg/m3
B) 1.82 × 103 kg/m3
C) 19.3 × 103 kg/m3
D) 3.63 × 103 kg/m3
E) 7.26 × 103 kg/m3
Answer: E
Var: 1
7) How many grams of ethanol (density 0.80 g/cm3) should be added to 5.0 g of chloroform
(density 1.5 g/cm3) if the resulting mixture is to have a density of 1.2 g/cm3? Assume that the
fluids do not change their volumes when they are mixed.
A) 2.0 g
B) 2.4 g
C) 1.8 g
D) 4.4 g
E) 1.6 g
Answer: A
Var: 1
8) A 100-kg person sits on a 5-kg bicycle. The total weight is borne equally by the two wheels of
the bicycle. The tires are 2.0 cm wide and are inflated to a gauge pressure of 8.0 × 105 Pa. What
length of each tire is in contact with the ground?
A) 1.6 cm
B) 1.8 cm
C) 3.2 cm
D) 2.4 cm
E) 6.4 cm
Answer: C
Var: 1
12
9) The weight of a 1200-kg car is supported equally by the four tires, which are inflated to the
same gauge pressure. What gauge pressure is required so the area of contact of each tire with the
road is 100 cm2?
A) 12 × 105 Pa
B) 12 × 104 Pa
C) 2.9 × 105 Pa
D) 2.9 × 104 Pa
Answer: C
Var: 1
10) One of the dangers of tornados and hurricanes is the rapid drop in air pressure that is
associated with such storms. Assume that the air pressure inside of a sealed house is 1.02 atm
when a hurricane hits. The hurricane rapidly decreases the external air pressure to 0.910 atm.
What net outward force is exerted on a square window of the house that is on each side?
(1.00 atm = 1.01 × 105 Pa)
A) 4.59 × 104 N
B) 5.19 × 104 N
C) 4.82 × 105 N
D) 5.42 × 105 N
Answer: A
Var: 50+
11) Calculate the pressure exerted on the ground due to the weight of person standing on
one foot. if the bottom of the person's foot is wide and long.
A) 2.1 × 104 Pa
B) 2.2 × 103 Pa
C) 4.8 × 104 Pa
D) 5.3 × 104 Pa
Answer: A
Var: 36
12) A brick weighs 50.0 N, and measures 30.0 cm × 10.0 cm × 4.00 cm. What is the maximum
pressure it can exert on a horizontal surface due to its weight?
A) 1.25 Pa
B) 12.5 Pa
C) 1.25 kPa
D) 12.5 kPa
Answer: D
Var: 1
13
13) A person weighing 900 N is standing on snowshoes. Each snowshoe has area 2500 cm2 and
has negligible weight. What pressure does this person's weight exert on the snow?
A) 0.18 N/m2
B) 0.36 N/m2
C) 1800 N/m2
D) 3600 N/m2
Answer: C
Var: 1
14) A water tank is filled to a depth of 10 m, and the bottom of the tank is 20 m above ground. A
water-filled hose that is 2.0 cm in diameter extends from the bottom of the tank to the ground,
but no water is flowing in this hose. The water pressure at ground level in the hose is closest to
which of the following values? The density of water is 1000 kg/m3.
A) 3.9 × 105 N/m2
B) 2.0 × 104 N/m2
C) 9.2 N/m2
D) The question cannot be answered because the cross sectional area of the tank is needed.
Answer: A
Var: 1
15) The Aswan High Dam on the Nile River in Egypt is 111 m high. What is the gauge pressure
in the water at the foot of the dam? The density of water is 1000 kg/m3.
A) 1.09 × 106 Pa
B) 1.16 × 106 Pa
C) 1.09 × 103 Pa
D) 1.11 × 105 Pa
E) 1.11 × 102 Pa
Answer: A
Var: 1
16) The deepest point of the Pacific Ocean is 11,033 m, in the Mariana Trench. What is the gauge
pressure in the water at that point? The density of seawater is 1025 kg/m3.
A) 5.55 × 107 Pa
B) 8.88 × 107 Pa
C) 1.11 × 108 Pa
D) 2.22 × 108 Pa
E) 3.33 × 108 Pa
Answer: C
Var: 1
14
17) The Tonga Trench in the Pacific Ocean is 36,000 feet deep. Assuming that sea water has an
average density of 1.04 g/cm3, calculate the absolute (total) pressure at the bottom of the trench
5
in atmospheres. (1.00 in = 2.54 cm, 1.00 atm = 1.01 × 10 Pa)
A) 1.1 × 103 atm
B) 1.1 × 108 atm
C) 1.1 × 105 atm
D) 1.1 × 106 atm
E) 2.1 atm
Answer: A
Var: 1
18) What force does the water exert (in addition to that due to atmospheric pressure) on a
submarine window of radius 44.0 cm at a depth of 9400 m in sea water? The density of sea water
is 1025 kg/m3.
A) 5.74 × 107 N
B) 5.74 × 1011 N
C) 2.87 × 1011 N
D) 1.83 × 107 N
E) 2.87 × 107 N
Answer: A
Var: 50+
19) A cubical box 25.0 cm on each side is immersed in a fluid. The pressure at the top surface of
the box is 109.40 kPa and the pressure on the bottom surface is 112.00 kPa. What is the density
of the fluid?
A) 1000 kg/m3
B) 1030 kg/m3
C) 1060 kg/m3
D) 1090 kg/m3
E) 1120 kg/m3
Answer: C
Var: 1
20) A circular window 30 cm in diameter in a submarine can withstand a net maximum force of
5.20 × 105 N without damage. What is the maximum depth in a fresh-water lake to which the
submarine can go without damaging the window? The density of fresh water is 1000 kg/m3.
A) 680 m
B) 740 m
C) 1200 m
D) 750 m
Answer: D
15
Var: 1
21) A container has a vertical tube, whose inner radius is 24.00 mm, connected to it at its side, as
shown in the figure. An unknown liquid reaches level A in the container and level B in the tube–
level A being 5.0 cm higher than level B. The liquid supports a 20-cm high column of oil,
between levels B and C, whose density is The mass of the oil is closest to
A) 210
B) 410
C) 620
D) 820
E) 1000
Answer: A
Var: 50+
between levels B and C, whose density is The gauge pressure at level B is closest to
A) 630 Pa
B) 310 Pa
C) 470 Pa
D) 790 Pa
E) 940 Pa
Answer: A
Var: 50+
16
between levels B and C, whose density is The density of the unknown liquid is closest
to
A) 3600 kg/
B) 3900 kg/
C) 2800 kg/
D) 3100 kg/
E) 3300 kg/
Answer: A
Var: 50+
24) As shown in the figure, a large open tank contains a layer of oil ( density 450 kg/ ) floating
on top of a layer of water (density 1000 kg/m3) that is 3.0 m thick, as shown in the sketch. What
must be the thickness of the oil layer if the gauge pressure at the bottom of the tank is to be
Answer: 13 m
Var: 50+
17
25) A container consists of two vertical cylindrical columns of different diameter connected by a
narrow horizontal section, as shown in the figure. The open faces of the two columns are closed
by very light plates that can move up and down without friction. The tube diameter at A is 35.0
cm and at B it is 10.2 cm. This container is filled with oil of density 0.820 g/cm3. If a 125-kg
object is placed on the larger plate at A, how much mass should be placed on the smaller plate at
B to balance it?
Answer: 10.6 kg
Var: 1
26) A 12,000-N car is raised using a hydraulic lift, which consists of a U-tube with arms of
unequal areas, filled with oil and capped at both ends with tight-fitting pistons. The wider arm of
the U-tube has a radius of 18.0 cm and the narrower arm has a radius of 5.00 cm. The car rests on
the piston on the wider arm of the U-tube. The pistons are initially at the same level. What is the
initial force that must be applied to the smaller piston in order to start lifting the car? For
purposes of this problem, neglect the weight of the pistons.
A) 727 N
B) 926 N
C) 2.90 kN
D) 3.33 kN
E) 1.20 kN
Answer: B
Var: 1
27) A 12,000-N car is raised using a hydraulic lift, which consists of a U-tube with arms of
unequal areas, filled with oil with a density of 800 kg/m3 and capped at both ends with tight-
fitting pistons. The wider arm of the U-tube has a radius of 18.0 cm and the narrower arm has a
radius of 5.00 cm. The car rests on the piston on the wider arm of the U-tube. The pistons are
initially at the same level. What is the force that must be applied to the smaller piston in order to
lift the car after it has been raised 1.20 m? For purposes of this problem, neglect the weight of
the pistons.
A) 0.954 kN
B) 1.88 kN
C) 1.96 kN
D) 3.67 kN
E) 1.20 kN
Answer: C
Var: 1
18
28) A 500-N weight sits on the small piston of a hydraulic machine. The small piston has an area
of 2.0 cm2. If the large piston has an area of 40 cm2, how much weight can the large piston
support? Assume the pistons each have negligible weight.
A) 25 N
B) 500 N
C) 10000 N
D) 40000 N
Answer: C
Var: 1
29) In a hydraulic garage lift, the small piston has a radius of 5.0 cm and the large piston has a
radius of 15 cm. What force must be applied on the small piston in order to lift a car weighing
20,000 N on the large piston? Assume the pistons each have negligible weight.
A) 6.7 × 103 N
B) 5.0 × 103 N
C) 2.9 × 103 N
D) 2.2 × 103 N
Answer: D
Var: 1
30) A 13,000-N vehicle is to be lifted by a 25-cm diameter hydraulic piston. What force needs to
be applied to a 5.0 cm diameter piston to accomplish this? Assume the pistons each have
negligible weight.
A) 260 N
B) 520 N
C) 2600 N
D) 5200 N
Answer: B
Var: 1
31) The small piston of a hydraulic lift has a diameter of 8.0 cm, and its large piston has a
diameter of 40 cm. The lift raises a load of 15,000 N. Assume the pistons each have negligible
weight.
(a) Determine the force that must be applied to the small piston.
(b) Determine the pressure applied to the fluid in the lift.
Answer: (a) 600 N (b) 1.2 × 105 Pa
Var: 1
19
32) A block of metal weighs 40 N in air and 30 N in water. What is the buoyant force on the
block due to the water? The density of water is 1000 kg/m3.
A) 10 N
B) 30 N
C) 40 N
D) 70 N
Answer: A
Var: 3
33) If a ship has a mass of 10 million kilograms, what volume of fresh water must it displace in
order to float? The density of water is 1000 kg/m3.
A) 1010 m3
B) 1012 m3
C) 104 m3
D) 107 m3
E) 108 m3
Answer: C
Var: 1
34) An object has a volume of 4.0 m3 and weighs 40,000 N. What will its apparent weight be in
water of density 1000 kg/m3?
A) 40,000 N
B) 39,200 N
C) 9,800 N
D) 800 N
Answer: D
Var: 1
35) A 4.0-kg cylinder of solid iron is supported by a string while submerged in water. What is
the tension in the string? The density of iron is 7860 kg/m3 and that of water is 1000 kg/m3.
A) 2.5 N
B) 20 N
C) 24 N
D) 34 N
E) 40 N
Answer: D
Var: 1
20
36) What buoyant force does a 0.60-kg solid gold crown experience when it is immersed in
water? The density of gold is 19.3 × 103 kg/m3 and that of water is 1000 kg/m3.
A) 3.0 × 10-5 N
B) 3.0 × 10-4 N
C) 3.0 × 10-2 N
D) 0.30 N
Answer: D
Var: 1
37) A crane lifts a steel submarine of density 7800 kg/m3 and mass 20,000 kg. What is the
tension in the lifting cable (a) when the submarine is submerged in water of density 1000 kg/m3,
and (b) when it is entirely out of the water?
A) (a) 2.0 × 105 N (b) 1.7 × 105 N
B) (a) 1.7 × 105 N (b) 2.0 × 105 N
C) (a) 2.6 × 103 N (b) 2.0 × 105 N
D) (a) 2.0 × 105 N (b) 2.6 × 103 N
Answer: B
Var: 1
38) An object weighs 7.84 N when it is in air and 6.86 N when it is immersed in water of density
1000 kg/m3. What is the density of the object?
A) 6000 kg/m3
B) 7000 kg/m3
C) 8000 kg/m3
D) 9000 kg/m3
Answer: C
Var: 1
39) When a container of water is placed on a laboratory scale, the scale reads 120 g. Now a 20-g
piece of copper (of density 8.9 g/cm3) is suspended from a thread and lowered into the water, not
touching the bottom of the container. What will the scale now read? The density of water is 1.0
g/cm3.
A) 120 g
B) 122 g
C) 138 g
D) 140 g
Answer: B
Var: 1
21
40) A piece of aluminum with a mass of 1.0 kg and density of 2700 kg/m3 is suspended from a
light cord and then completely immersed in a container of water having density 1000 kg/m3.
(a) Determine the volume of the piece of aluminum.
(b) Determine the tension in the cord when the aluminum is immersed in the container of water.
Answer: (a) 3.7 × 10-4 m3 (b) 6.2 N
Var: 1
41) A cylindrical rod of length 12 cm and diameter 2.0 cm will just barely float in water of
density 1000 kg/m3. What is its mass?
A) 38 g
B) 75 g
C) 150 g
D) 300 g
Answer: A
Var: 1
42) A rectangular box of negligible mass measures 5.0 m long, 1.0 m wide, and 0.50 m high.
How many kilograms of mass can be loaded onto the box before it sinks in a lake having water
of density 1000 kg/m3?
A) 0.50 × 103 kg
B) 1.5 × 103 kg
C) 2.5 × 103 kg
D) 3.5 × 103 kg
Answer: C
Var: 1
43) A 1.00-m3 object floats in water with 20.0% of its volume above the waterline. What does
the object weigh out of the water? The density of water is 1000 kg/m3.
A) 1,960 N
B) 7,840 N
C) 9,800 N
D) 11,800 N
Answer: B
Var: 1
22
44) An object floats with half its volume beneath the surface of the water. The weight of the
displaced water is 2000 N. What is the weight of the object? The density of water is 1000
kg/m3.
A) 1000 N
B) 2000 N
C) 4000 N
D) It cannot be determined because we do not know the volume of the object.
Answer: B
Var: 1
45) A solid object floats in water with three-fourths of its volume beneath the surface. What is
the object's density? The density of water is 1000 kg/m3.
A) 1333 kg/m3
B) 1000 kg/m3
C) 750 kg/m3
D) 250 kg/m3
Answer: C
Var: 1
46) A 200-N object floats with three-fourths of its volume beneath the surface of the water. What
is the buoyant force on the object? The density of water is 1000 kg/m3.
A) 50 N
B) 150 N
C) 200 N
D) 267 N
E) It cannot be determined because we do not know the volume of the object.
Answer: C
Var: 1
47) A polar bear of mass 200 kg stands on an ice floe that is a uniform 1.0 m thick. What is the
minimum area of the floe that will just support the bear in saltwater of density 1030 kg/m3? The
density of ice is 980 kg/m3.
A) 1.0 m2
B) 2.0 m2
C) 3.0 m2
D) 4.0 m2
Answer: D
Var: 1
23
48) A wooden raft has a mass of 55 kg. When empty it floats in water (density with
64% of its volume submerged. What maximum mass of sand can be put on the raft without
sinking it?
Answer: 31 kg
Var: 50+
49) A hollow steel ball of diameter 3.0 m just barely floats in water. What is the wall thickness of
the ball? (ρFe = 7.87 g/cm3, ρwater = 1.00 g/cm3)
A) 6.6 cm
B) 37 cm
C) 131 cm
D) 79 cm
Answer: A
Var: 1
50) A 200-kg flat-bottomed boat floats in fresh water, which has a density of 1000 kg/m3. If the
base of the boat is 1.42 m wide and 4.53 m long, to what depth is the bottom of the boat
submerged when it carries three passengers whose total mass is
A) 7.10 cm
B) 7.53 cm
C) 7.95 cm
D) 8.52 cm
Answer: A
Var: 50+
51) A 4.7-kg solid sphere, made of metal whose density is 4000 kg/ , hangs by a light cord.
When the sphere is immersed in water, what is the tension in the cord? The density of water is
1000 kg/m3.
A) 35 N
B) 40 N
C) 46 N
D) 52 N
E) 58 N
Answer: A
Var: 50+
24
52) A solid sphere of mass 8.6 kg, made of metal whose density is 3400 kg/ , hangs by a cord.
When the sphere is immersed in a liquid of unknown density, the tension in the cord is 38 N. The
density of the liquid is closest to which one of the following values?
A) 1900 kg/
B) 1700 kg/
C) 1600 kg/
D) 1500 kg/
E) 1400 kg/
Answer: A
Var: 50+
53) A barge is 10 m wide and 60 m long and has vertical sides. The bottom of the boat is 1.2 m
below the water surface. What is the weight of the barge and its cargo, if it is floating in fresh
water of density 1000 kg/m3?
A) 3.5 MN
B) 6.4 MN
C) 6.8 MN
D) 7.1 MN
E) 9.5 MN
Answer: D
Var: 1
54) A barge with vertical sides is 10 m wide and 60 m long and is floating in fresh water of
density 1000 kg/m3. How much deeper into the water does the barge sink when 3.0 x 105 kg of
coal are loaded on the barge?
A) 25 cm
B) 50 cm
C) 75 cm
D) 1.0 m
E) 1.5 m
Answer: B
Var: 1
55) A hot air balloon along with its cargo has a mass of 4.0 x 105 kg, and it holds 7.0 x 105 m3
of hot air. It is floating at a constant height in air with a density of 1.29 kg/m3. What is the
density of the hot air in the balloon?
A) 1.4 kg/m3
B) 0.72 kg/m3
C) 0.57 kg/m3
D) 0.86 kg/m3
E) 0.43 kg/m3
Answer: B
Var: 1
25
56) A person who weighs 550 N empties her lungs as much as possible and is then completely
immersed in water of density 1000 kg/m3 while suspended from a harness. Her apparent weight
is now 21.2 N. What is her density?
A) 1050 kg/m3
B) 1040 kg/m3
C) 1030 kg/m3
D) 960 kg/m3
E) 56.1 kg/m3
Answer: B
Var: 1
57) The bathyscaphe Trieste consists of a thin-walled but very strong cylindrical hull, 15.2 m
long and 3.66 m in diameter, filled with gasoline with a density of 880 kg/m3 to make it buoyant.
If it is totally submerged in seawater with a density of 1025 kg/m3 and neither rising nor sinking,
what is the weight of the Trieste craft?
A) 127 kN
B) 227 kN
C) 327 kN
D) 427 kN
E) 527 kN
Answer: B
Var: 1
58) A cylinder, semicircular in cross-section, is 10 m long and 5.0 m in radius. It is completely

submerged, with its flat bottom side horizontal and 8.0 m below the water surface, as shown in
the figure. What is the magnitude of the net force on the curved upper surface of the half-
cylinder? Neglect atmospheric pressure.
A) 2.0 × 106 N
B) 2.5 × 106 N
C) 3.0 × 106 N
D) 3.5 × 106 N
E) 4.0 × 106 N
Answer: E
Var: 1
26
59) A rectangular wooden block measures 10.0 cm × 4.00 cm × 2.00 cm. When the block is
placed in water, it floats horizontally, with its bottom face 1.65 cm below the surface. What is
the density of the wood? The density of water is 1.00 g/cm3.
A) 0.825 g/cm3
B) 1.21 g/cm3
C) 1.65 g/cm3
D) 0.606 g/cm3
E) 0.350 g/cm3
Answer: A
Var: 1
60) Consider a very small hole in the bottom of a tank that is in diameter and filled with
water to a height of Find the speed at which the water exits the tank through the hole.
A) 4.20 m/s
B) 17.64 m/s
C) 44.1 m/s
D) 48.3 m/s
Answer: A
Var: 50+
61) Water flowing through a cylindrical pipe suddenly comes to a section of pipe where the
diameter decreases to 86% of its previous value. If the speed of the water in the larger section of
the pipe was what is its speed in this smaller section if the water behaves like an ideal
incompressible fluid?
A) 43 m/s
B) 37 m/s
C) 28 m/s
D) 24 m/s
Answer: A
Var: 50+
62) A pump uses a piston of 15 cm diameter that moves at 2.0 cm/s as it pushes a fluid through a
pipe. What is the speed of the fluid when it enters a portion of the pipe that is 3.0 mm in
diameter? Treat the fluid as ideal and incompressible.
A) 50 m/s
B) 50 cm/s
C) 6.0 cm/s
D) 22 cm/s
Answer: A
Var: 1
27
63) An incompressible ideal fluid flows steadily through a pipe that has a change in diameter.
The fluid speed at a location where the pipe diameter is 8.0 cm is 1.28 m/s. What is the fluid
speed at a location where the diameter has narrowed to 4.0 cm?
A) 0.32 m/s
B) 0.64 m/s
C) 1.3 m/s
D) 2.6 m/s
E) 5.1 m/s
Answer: E
Var: 1
64) Fluid flows at 2.0 m/s through a pipe of diameter 3.0 cm. What is the volume flow rate of the
fluid?
A) 1.4 × 10-3 m3/s
B) 5.7 × 10-3 m3/s
C) 14 m3/s
D) 57 m3/s
Answer: A
Var: 3
65) Ideal incompressible fluid flows through a 4.0-cm-diameter pipe at 1.0 m/s. There is a 2.0
cm diameter constriction in the line. What is the speed of the fluid in this constriction?
A) 0.25 m/s
B) 0.50 m/s
C) 2.0 m/s
D) 4.0 m/s
Answer: D
Var: 1
66) Water, which we can treat as ideal and incompressible, flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe
with a pressure of 3.0 × 104 Pa. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the
pressure in the wider section?
A) 3.0 × 104 Pa
B) 4.9 × 104 Pa
C) 7.4 × 104 Pa
D) 9.8 × 104 Pa
Answer: D
Var: 1
28
67) A hole of radius 1.0 mm forms in the bottom of a very large water storage tank that holds
water to a depth of 15 m. At what volume rate will water flow out of the hole?
A) 5.4 × 10-4 m3/s
B) 5.4 × 10-5 m3/s
C) 5.4 × 10-6 m3/s
D) 5.4 × 10-7 m3/s
Answer: B
Var: 1
68) Ideal incompressible water flows through a horizontal pipe of cross-sectional area 10.0 cm2
at a pressure of 0.250 atm with a volume flow rate of 1.00 × 10-3 m3/s. At a valve, the effective
cross-sectional area of the pipe is reduced to 5.00 cm2. What is the pressure at the valve?
A) 0.112 atm
B) 0.157 atm
C) 0.200 atm
D) 0.235 atm
Answer: D
Var: 1
69) For a certain patient, the build-up of fatty tissue on the wall of an artery has decreased the
arterial radius by 10%. By how much would the pressure provided by the heart have to be
increased to maintain a constant volume of blood flow? Model the blood as an ideal
incompressible fluid.
A) 48%
B) 52%
C) 46%
D) 54%
Answer: B
Var: 1
70) An ideal incompressible fluid flows at 0.252 m/s through a 44-mm diameter cylindrical pipe.
The pipe widens to a square cross sectional area that is 5.5 cm on a side. Assume steady flow
throughout the system.
(a) What is the speed of the fluid through the square section of pipe?
(b) What is the flow rate in liters per minute?
Answer: (a) 0.13 m/s (b) 23 L/min
Var: 1
29
71) Ideal incompressible water is flowing in a drainage channel of rectangular cross-section. At
one point, the width of the channel is 12 m, the depth of water is 6.0 m, and the speed of the flow
is 2.5 m/s. At a point downstream, the width has narrowed to 9.0 m, and the depth of water is 8.0
m. What is the speed of the flow at the second point?
A) 2.0 m/s
B) 2.5 m/s
C) 3.0 m/s
D) 3.5 m/s
E) 4.0 m/s
Answer: B
Var: 1
72) Water is flowing in a drainage channel of rectangular cross-section. The width of the channel
is 15 m, the depth of water is 8.0 m, and the speed of the flow is 2.5 m/s. What is the mass flow
rate of the water? The density of water is 1000 kg/m3.
A) 2.0 × 105 kg/s
B) 2.0 × 103 kg/s
C) 3.0 × 105 kg/s
D) 3.0 × 103 kg/s
E) 3.0 × 102 kg/s
Answer: C
Var: 1
73) In a section of horizontal pipe with a diameter of 3.0 cm, the pressure is 100 kPa and water is
flowing with a speed of 1.5 m/s. The pipe narrows to 2.0 cm. What is the pressure in the
narrower region? Treat the water as an ideal incompressible fluid.
A) 95 kPa
B) 48 kPa
C) 44 kPa
D) 230 kPa
E) 67 kPa
Answer: A
Var: 1
30
74) Water flows through a horizontal pipe of cross-sectional area 10.0 cm2 at a pressure of 0.250
atm with a flow rate is 1.00 L/s. At a valve, the effective cross-sectional area of the pipe is
reduced to 5.00 cm2. What is the pressure at the valve? The density of water is 1000 kg/m3, and
treat it as an ideal incompressible fluid.
A) 0.110 atm
B) 0.235 atm
C) 0.200 atm
D) 0.157 atm
E) 7700 Pa
Answer: B
Var: 1
75) An ideal incompressible fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe. If the pipe widens to twice
its original radius, what is the flow speed in the wider section?
A) 12 m/s
B) 6.0 m/s
C) 4.0 m/s
D) 3.0 m/s
Answer: D
Var: 1
76) Water flows out of a large reservoir through an open pipe, as shown in the figure. What is the
speed of the water as it comes out of the pipe?
A) 8.9 m/s
B) 9.9 m/s
C) 13 m/s
D) 14 m/s
E) 16 m/s
Answer: C
Var: 1
31
77) Water flows out of a large reservoir through 5.0-cm diameter pipe. The pipe connects to a
3.0-cm diameter pipe that is open to the atmosphere, as shown in the figure. What is the speed of
the water in the 5.0-cm pipe? Treat the water as an ideal incompressible fluid.
A) 2.3 m/s
B) 3.2 m/s
C) 3.9 m/s
D) 8.9 m/s
E) 10 m/s
Answer: B
Var: 1
78) A pressurized cylindrical tank, 5.0 m in diameter, contains water that emerges from the pipe
at point C with a speed of as shown in the figure. Point A is 10 m above point B and point
C is 3.0 m above point B. The area of the pipe at point B is and the pipe narrows to an
area of at point C. Assume that the water is an ideal fluid in laminar flow. The density of
water is 1000 kg/m3 The mass flow rate in the pipe is closest to
A) 520 Kg/s.
B) 470 Kg/s.
C) 420 Kg/s.
D) 360 Kg/s.
E) 310 Kg/s.
Answer: A
Var: 50+
32
79) A pressurized cylindrical tank, 5.0 m in diameter, contains water that emerges from the pipe
at point C with a speed of as shown in the figure. Point A is 10 m above point B and point
C is 3.0 m above point B. The area of the pipe at point B is and the pipe narrows to an
area of at point C. Assume that the water is an ideal fluid in laminar flow. The density of
water is 1000 kg/m3. The rate at which the water level is falling in the tank is closest to
A) 300 mm/s.
B) 340 mm/s.
C) 250 mm/s.
D) 210 mm/s.
E) 160 mm/s.
Answer: A
Var: 50+
80) As shown in the figure, water (density 1000 kg/ ) is flowing in a pipeline. At point 1 the
water speed is Point 2 is 5.20 m above point 1. The cross-sectional area of the pipe is
0.0800 at point 1 and at point 2. What is the pressure difference between
points 1 and 2? Treat the water as an ideal incompressible fluid.
Answer: 3.12 × 105 Pa

Var: 50+
33
81) A large cylindrical water tank 11.5 m in diameter and 13.5 m tall is supported with its base
8.75 m above the ground by a stand as shown in the figure. The water level in the tank is 10.6 m
deep, and the density of the water in the tank is 1.00 g/cm3. A very small hole is formed at the
base of the vertical wall of the tank, and water is squirting out of this hole horizontally. When
this water hits the ground, how far has it traveled horizontally from the hole, assuming no air
resistance?
Answer: 19.3 m
Var: 1
82) Glycerin, with a viscosity of 1.5 N ∙ s/m2, is flowing with an average speed of 1.2 m/s
through a tube that has a radius of 5.0 mm and is 25 cm long. What is the drop in pressure over
the length of this pipe?
A) 140 kPa
B) 46 kPa
C) 72 kPa
D) 76 kPa
E) 130 kPa
Answer: A
Var: 1
83) Motor oil, with a viscosity of 0.25 N ∙ s/m2, is flowing through a tube that has a radius of 3.0
mm and is 1.0 m long. The drop in pressure over the length of the tube is 200 kPa. What is the
average speed of the oil?
A) 0.80 m/s
B) 0.90 m/s
C) 1.0 m/s
D) 1.1 m/s
E) 1.2 m/s
Answer: B
Var: 1
34
84) Motor oil, with a viscosity of 0.25 N ∙ s/m2, is flowing through a tube that has a radius of 5.0
mm and is 25 cm long. The drop in pressure is 300 kPa. What is the volume of oil flowing
through the tube per second?
A) 0.00038 m3/s
B) 0.025 m3/s
C) 0.0012 m3/s
D) 4.7 m3/s
E) 7.5 m3/s
Answer: C
Var: 1
85) A fluid is flowing with an average speed of 1.5 m/s through a tube that has a radius of 2.0
mm and is 18 cm long. The drop in pressure is 967 Pa. What is the viscosity of the fluid?
A) 0.0018 N ∙ s/m2
B) 0.0056 N ∙ s/m2
C) 0.028 N ∙ s/m2
D) 0.013 N ∙ s/m2
E) 0.0034 N ∙ s/m2
Answer: A
Var: 1
35

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What are some examples of how fluid pressure varies with depth and container shape?

How does fluid viscosity affect pressure drops in pipes?

Physics: Principle and Applications, 7e (Giancoli)

10.1 Conceptual Questions

58) A cylinder, semicircular in cross-section, is 10 m long and 5.0 m in radius. It is completely

Answer: 3.12 × 105 Pa

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