PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES

Norms

In developing of norms, CRI inventory that was included 72 items was administered to a group of

1800 adults, some of them had drinking problem. The whole group was consist of 1100 men and

700 women, there average age was 61 years and 90% were Caucasian, 69% were currently married,

19% were separated or divorced and 7% were widowed. They asked about their recent stressful

situation and to rate their reliance on each of the coping items on a four point scale. That analysis

of the data led to the current 48 item version of the CRI-Adult.

Reliability

Descriptive statistics and internal consistency: the internal consistency of all the eight scales

them tested the associations among the scales, their stability over time and the correlation between

them with respondent’s demographic characteristics. CRI internal consistencies of the eight scale,

separately for the men and for the women, in the two field trials. The standard deviations shows

that there is variation in all coping scales, all scale rating is from low 0 to a high of 18 for both

men and women. The internal consistencies are moderate for both men and women. Compared

with men, women report more coping in all eight areas especially for Seeking Guidance and

Support, Seeking Alternative Rewards and Emotional Discharge. Hinrichsen (1991) found that

women caregivers wanted more than their male counterpart did.

Association among coping response: The correlations among the eight scales are separated for

men and women. The eight moderately positively inter-correlated 0.29 for men and 0.25 for

women. The moderate inter-correlation among the scales shows that the people only relies on one

type of coping response also employ other sets in the coping response. This was supported by the
findings that when the people experience more persistent and severe stressors, they tend to employ

more coping of all types. The findings also give the evidence of reciprocal nature of the

relationship between the approach and avoidance, cognition and behavior in the process of coping

and stress.

Stability of coping scales: The stability of the coping scales is moderately stable over time among

both men and women. Positive Reappraisal, Seeking Guidance and support, Cognitive Avoidance

and Emotional Discharge were somewhat more stable than Logical Analysis and Problem Solving.

Moos (1985) compare these stabilities are to those over 1-2 years intervals among alcoholic and

depressed patients and normal controls. Thus there is some consistency over time in individual

coping responses other than the variety of stressful circumstances they encounter.

Socio demographic correlates of coping responses

The final trail to test the associations between the coping styles and demographic characteristics:

like age, gender, marital status, education and ethnic group. The strongest relationship for men and

women are with education. Billing & Moos (1981) found better educated respondents were

somewhat less likely to rely on avoidance coping responses such as AR, PR and ED.

Fondacaro &Moos (1987) found moderate positive correlation between educational and

occupational status and approach coping responses. Older men and men who are married also

reported somewhat less reliance on avoidance coping responses.

Comparability of current and prior scales: In initial stage there were 19 items and 32 item

versions of the test inventory and all the items were also include in the first field of the current 48

items CRI-Adult. All the correlation between earlier and current versions of comparable scales
were significant in Logical Analysis (LA), Seeking Guidance and support (SG), Problem Solving

(PS), and Emotional Discharge (ED).

The prior 6 to 11 items of active cognitive coping are highly associated with the logical analysis

and Positive Reappraisal. The prior 6 to 13 items of active behavioral coping are highly associated

with Seeking Guidance and Support (SG) and Problem Solving (PS). The prior 5 to 8 items indices

of avoidance coping are highly correlated with Cognitive Avoidance (CA) and Emotional

Discharge (ED). These findings show that comparable scales in the earlier and current versions are

highly correlated that later generalize to the current version.

Adaptation of CRI adult to assess work related coping

CRI adult is made for measuring the coping response of the adults to work events. Individual are

asked about their work stressor, after rating the stressor on the stressors were rated on the 10

appraisal items, then individual described their coping style of their stressors in terms of 48 coping

response items. Schaefer and Moos (1991) administered CRI adult by 400 staff members of long

term care facilities that showed the scale moderately inter-correlated and moderately stable over

an average interval of about eight months, thus this version of the CRI-Adult has acceptable

psychometric characteristics.
 METHOD AND PROCEDURE

The test Coping Response Inventory was administered individually after to sign the consent form

by the subject in a well-ventilated an illuminated and room, which was free from distractions and

noise and the subject had enough space for herself. Rapport was built before administering the

scale. To administer the CRI-Adult test, the material included the Professional manual, the

reversible four pages item booklet and the hand-score-able answer sheet. The first page of item

booklet presented instructions for completing part I of the CRI-Adult and also contained the 10

items of appraisal of stress. The second page presented instructions for completing part II of the

CRI-Adult. The rest of pages were consisted the 48 coping items.

The examinee was provided a CRI-Adult items booklet, an answer sheet and a pencil and

asks to read the instruction. After she understood the task, she was asked to fill her demographic

information at the front of the CRI-Adult answer sheet. The examinee did not demand any

clarifications for any of the questions and took twenty minutes to complete the test. When she

returned the answer sheet it was checked to ensure that all questions were answered.

The CRI-Adult test was scored by using the template printed on the carbonless bottom page

of the answer sheet. The first column of item in the answer grid was located and the values of the

marked responses were added. This sum was entered in the space given below the column, for all

the respective scales. These numbers were the raw-scores of the respective scales.

A profile at the reverse side of the answer sheet is used for transferring the raw scores into

T-scores which can also be obtain from Appendix-A1 page 37 of CRI manual. The raw scores for

each of the eight scales were entered in the appropriate areas at the reverse side of the answer

sheet. The respective scales were cited in the columns and were plotted on the number that matched
the examinee’s raw scores and were connected with a continuous line to produce a graph of the

examinee’s CRI-Adult score. After to plot the graph, T-score’s range were taking from table-2

page-5 of CRI manual which shows the examinee coping response range.

T-scores. Equivalent percentage range Description.

<34 ≤6 Considerably below average

35-40 7-16 Well below average

41-45 17-33 Somewhat below average

46-54 34-66 Average

55-59 67-83 Somewhat above average

60-65 84-93 Well above average

≥66 ≥94 Considerably above average

CRI-Adult has a testing limit so to calculate the subject’s coping strategy the examiner added the

behavioral and the cognitive components of CRI-Adult which is not present in the manual.