An Overview of Gasoline Direct Injection
An Overview of Gasoline Direct Injection
An Overview of Gasoline Direct Injection
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◦ 2875 Measurements for Calibration.
◦ Lambda Closed-Loop Control.
◦ TWC and Rich/Lean Cycle.
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◦ 25% Improvement in Fuel Economy
◦ 12- 15% Reduction in Emissions
◦ Higher Compression
◦ High Cost
◦ More Components
◦ NOx Storage Catalyst Required.
◦ Complex Strategies.
◦ Possibly Six Operating Modes.
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◦ Gas Injected Just Before Ignition.
◦ Less Time for Knock.
◦ Colder Fuel at Ignition.
◦ Tighter Controls.
◦ Higher Compression Ratios and Boost Pressures.
◦ Better MPG and Higher HP.
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500-2900 psi. (high side)
50- 90V Capacitor Kick
As little as 400μs. @ Idle
50-60 psi.
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◦ Fuel/Air Mixture is Rich around Spark Plug Only,
Remaining Mixture in Cylinder is Lean.
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64 V
capacitor
discharge .9ms 2007
for initial (907μs) Volkswagen
injector
GTI 2L.
opening.
Turbo
52 V Spike
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2006 VW Passat 2.0T
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Canister Carbon canister Canister High
close valve purge valve pressure Camshaft Solenoid
pump phaser 1) valve Air mass meter
Dump
Non valve
return Injector
valve Ignition coil/
spark plug Phase1) Waste
Intercooler sensor Gate actuator
Boost pressure Solenoid
temp. sensor valve
Fuel rail
Turbo
charger
Pressure
Throttle Manifold sensor
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High pressure pump is
driven off the camshaft
(2150 psi, 140 bar)
Rail-mounted fuel
pressure sensor
Mechanical
One (1) Fuel
Cylinder Pressure
HIGH- Sensor
Pressure Fuel
Pump and
Fuel Pressure
Regulator
Solenoid (FPR)
w/Integral
Pressure
Relief Valve Pressure Tap
• Features:
1. Polymer-coated piston skirts
2. 11.3-to-1 compression ratio.
3. Closed-coupled catalytic converters.
4. Fuel Pressure = Idle 35bar (508psi) to120bar (1740 psi)
1.5 Ohms
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◦ Spring pressure opened
◦ ECM provides PWM B+ (high side driver) and
ground.
◦ Camshaft and crankshaft position sensor inputs
synchronize the FRP regulator with the position of
the eccentric on the camshaft.
◦ Fuel Pressure Regulation
FPR is held open for a portion of each piston stroke
displacing fuel back into low pressure side.
◦ GM Service Manual is telling that story.
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Function
Integral Pressure
Limp home valve
Relief Valve
damper HP-Sensor
tank PRV P
Filter
Rail
Filter
PV
HDEVs
Fuel pump
HDP
CS
Tank
Motronic
Control Valve
Outlet
Piston Seal
Direct Injectors
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:
Both 35
◦ Area around spark plug is richer then rest of cylinder.
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: Fuel Injected into Intake Port.
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◦ Fuel Injected in Intake Port.
◦ Mixture is Compressed.
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High Pressure Fuel Pump and
Electronic Pressure Regulator
3.5 to 4.5 MPa
(508 to 653 psi)
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Mechanical High Pressure Pump
Electric In-Tank
Transfer Pump
Wiring to Electronic
Driver Unit (EDU)
Less Pressure
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196 to 588 kPa
(28 to 85 psi)
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Smart Idle Stop System (SISS)
◦ Restart in 0.35 seconds (1/2 time of electric
motor)
◦ 10% fuel savings.
◦ No Electric Motor.
◦ Uses Direct Injection + Spark
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Automotive
Engineering
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◦ Late combustion fuel injection for catalytic warm-up
◦ Exhaust gas temperature 700°C (1300°F).
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Shared with Ford
Escape, Focus, and
Ranger.
Shaped
Intake Ports
•Low Restrictions
•Wall Guided Swirl
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WAIT at LEAST 2 hours after the engine
has been run, before removing the high pressure fuel line.
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1. Homogeneous
2. Homogeneous Lean
3. Stratified
4. Homogeneous Stratified
5. Homogeneous Knock Protection
6. Stratified Catalysts Heating
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PFI
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Operating
Modes
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