FINAL EXAMINATIONS 2018

LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING

GENERAL

Version A
Duration : 60 Minutes Total Marks: 40

Instruction to student
1. Answer all questions.
2. Dual and more answers are not considered. (1*40=40 Marks)

1. Which type of penetrant process would be best suited to the detection of wide, shallow
discontinuities?
(a) Solvent removable (b) Water washable
(c) Post emulsifiable (d) Fluorescent

2. What is a disadvantage of using the fluorescent penetrant process?

(a) Lower visibility of indications
(b) Must be performed in a darkened area with aid of a UV lamp
(c) Easily washed with water
(d) High visibility of indications

3. A water based emulsifier is called:

(a) Hydrophilic (b) Hydrophobic
(c) Lipophilic (d) Fluoroscopic

4. What is the likely result of incomplete removal of all excess penetrant from the test piece surface?
(a) Formation of false indications
(b) Formation of relevant indications
(c) Exaggeration of the size of relevant indications
(d) None of the above

5. In the solvent removable penetrant process, excess penetrant is removed with:

(a) A water spray
(b) A hydrophilic scrubber
(c) A solvent spray
(d) Clean, lint free towels slightly moistened with solvent

6. Water based wet developer is applied:

(a) Immediately before removal of excess penetrant
(b) Immediately after removal of excess penetrant
(c) After a drying period following removal of excess penetrant
(d) For maximum sensitivity results

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7. Typical ranges of emulsifier dwell times are:
(a) 5 to 30 minutes (b) 30 seconds to 1 minute
(c) 1 to 3 minutes (d) 5 to 10 minutes

8. During a visible, solvent removable penetrant test, complete penetrant removal is

indicated by:
(a) Absence of red indications on the test piece surface
(b) Clean rinse water
(c) Completion of the rinse cycle
(d) Absence of red dye on the cleaning towels

9. Which of the following is a function of a developer?

(a) Providing a contrasting background for visible dye indications
(b) Accentuates presence of discontinuities by causing a penetrant indication to
spread out over a larger area
(c) Provides capillary paths to aid the bleed out process
(d) All of the above

10. Which of the following is the proper first step in removal of excess penetrant when
using the solvent removable penetrant process?
(a) Immerse the test piece in solvent
(b) Spray the test piece with water
(c) Wipe the test piece surface with clean, lint free towels slightly moistened
(d) All of the above is correct

11. How can we apply dry developer ?

(a) Dipping (b) Spraying

(c)Dusting (d) Flooding

12. Which one of the following is a disadvantage of LPT?

(a) Surface finish and roughness can affect sensitivity.

(b) Pre cleaning is required.

(c) Only surface cracks can be detected.

(d) All of the above

13. List three main advantages of ‘wet’ developers.

(A) _____________________________________________________________
(B) _____________________________________________________________
(C) _____________________________________________________________

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14. The principle on which liquid penetrant testing is based on is:
(a) Capillary action of the penetrant
(b) Capillary action of cleaner/solvent
(c) Capillary action of developer
(d) None of the listed is correct

15. Which of the following penetrant has a built-in emulsifier

(a) Water washable (b) Solvent removable
(c) Post emulsified (d) All of the listed above

16. Liquid penetrants can be classified into the types of dyes they contain:
(a) Visible/colour contrast (b) Fluorescent
(c) Dual sensitivity (d) All of the listed is correct

17. Name four methods of pre-cleaning the surface of a part prior to conducting a liquid
penetrant test.
(a) _____________________________________________________________
(b) _____________________________________________________________
(c) _____________________________________________________________
(d) _____________________________________________________________

18. List three basic safety rules to be followed when conducting a liquid penetrant test.
(a) _____________________________________________________________
(b) _____________________________________________________________
(c) _____________________________________________________________

19. The most important penetrant test processing time to control is:
(a) Penetrant dwell time
(b) Emulsifier dwell time
(c) Water rinse time
(d) Development time

20. Indications which are caused by design or construction of the test piece are called?
(a) Relevant (b) Non-relevant
(c) False (d) Real

21. Which type of developer would you use to obtain the highest sensitivity test results?
(a) Dry (b) Non-aqueous wet
(c) Aqueous wet (d) Lipophilic

22. Which type of developer does not (!) provide a contrasting background against which
to view penetrant indications?
(a) Dry (b) Non-aqueous wet
(c) Water soluble (d) Water suspendable

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23. Why might steel parts have a greater tendency towards rusting after penetrant testing?
(a) Penetrant materials are normally corrosive.
(b) Penetrant materials residues are hydroscopic.
(c) Any protective oils are removed during penetrant testing.
(d) This is true only if the developer and penetrant residues are not removed after testing.

24. The most significant advantage of the visible solvent removable penetrant process is?
(a) Suitability for penetrant testing of particle with rough surfaces (b) Portability
(c) Its non-corrosive properties (d) Ability to allow retest

25. A penetrant which requires a separate emulsification step prior to removal from the
surface of the test piece is called?
(a) Solvent removable (b) Water washable
(c) Post emulsifiable (d) Solvent suspended

26. While performing a fluorescent water washable penetrant test, which of the following
steps should be performed under black light?
(a) Penetrant application (b) Excess penetrant removal
(c) Emulsification (d) Developer application

27. Which of the following is not normally recommended?

(a) Performing a fluorescent penetrant test following a visible penetrant test?
(b) Performing a visible penetrant test following a fluorescent test
(c) Removing excess penetrant with a water spray
(d) Removing excess penetrant with towels moistened with solvent

28. Acceptable methods to apply emulsifier are:

(a) Dipping (b) Flowing
(c) Spraying (d) All of the above

29. The penetrant process best suited to use on parts with rough surfaces is:
(a) Solvent removable (b) Water washable
(c) Post emulsifiable (d) Magnetic particle

30. The act of determining the cause of an indication is called

(a) Interpretation (b) Inspection
(c) Evaluation (d) Determination

31. The act of determining the effect of a discontinuity of the usefulness of a part is called:
(a) Interpretation (b) Inspection
(c) Evaluation (d) Determination

32. Contaminants which are commonly limited in penetrant materials are:

(a) Hydrogen and chlorine (b) Carbon and sulphur
(c) Hydrogen and carbon (d) Chlorine and sulphur

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33. When a small diameter tube is placed in a glass of water, water rises in the tube to a level
above the adjacent surface. This is called:
(a) Viscosity
(b) Capillary action
(c) Surface tension
(d) Barometric testing

34. How is the size of a liquid penetrant indication usually related to the discontinuity it represents:
(a) Larger than (b) Smaller than
(c) Equal to (d) Not related to

35. Which of the following statements accurately describes the capabilities of liquid penetrant testing ?
(a) Liquid penetrant testing is useful for locating subsurface discontinuities in a test piece.
(b) Liquid penetrant testing is useful for locating discontinuities in porous materials.
(c) Liquid penetrant testing is useful for locating discontinuities which are open to the surface in
Non-porous materials.
(d) None of the above.

36. Which of the following discontinuity types could typically be found with a liquid penetrant test?
(a) Internal slag in a weld (b) Internal slag in a casting
(c) Sensitization in austenitic stainless steel (d) Fatigue cracks

37. Which of the following pre-cleaning processes is not recommended?

(a) Detergent cleaning (b) Vapour degreasing
(c) Shot blasting (d) Ultrasonic cleaning

38. A wire brush should be used for pre-cleaning:

(a) When grease and oil must be removed
(b) Only as a last resort
(c) When rust is to be removed
(d) When grinding burrs must be removed

39. Visible, solvent removable penetrants are most advantageous for:

(a) Inspecting parts with rough surfaces
(b) Inspecting batches of small parts
(c) Inspecting parts at remote locations
(d) Inspecting parts with porous surfaces

40. For adequate test results, the black light used in fluorescent penetrant examination should provide
what minimum black light intensity at the test surface?
(a) 100 foot candles per square centimetre
(b) 1000 microwatts per square centimetre
(c) 800 foot candles
(d) 35 microwatts per square centimeter

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