Ramos Vs Aquino

[CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: COMMISSION ON AUDIT – ATTY.
LA VIÑA – DLSUCOLB72019] 1
Ramos vs. Aquino broad and comprehensive as it is, it does not include a participation in the investigation
(G.R. No. L-28594, June 30, 1971) of charges to determine whether or not a criminal prosecution should be instituted. The
exclusive jurisdiction of the Auditor General on matters now raised by respondents
DOCTRINE: refer to auditorial requirements and approval but not to the criminal liability, if any, of
the persons involved in an alleged irregular or anomalous disbursement of public
 The powers conferred to the Auditor General are administrative in nature and not funds. The authority of the Fiscal to investigate whether a criminal act has been
criminal and hence there is no conflict in powers. committed or not in the disbursement of public funds, and finally of the Courts to try any
person involved in the alleged malversation of public funds is not curtailed or in any
way divested by the administrative findings of the Auditor General. To hold otherwise
would be to arrogate unto the Office of the Auditor General the power, which pertains
EMERGENCY RECIT:
to the judicial branch of the government.
 The Provincial Fiscal of Rizal wanted to conduct a preliminary investigation on the
accounts of the petitioners after receiving a complaint of malversation through
falsification of documents. This was however protested by petitioners, who said that
such an investigation would encroach on the power of the Auditor General as
exclusively given to him by the Constitution. The court ruled that the exclusive
jurisdiction of the Auditor General that the petitioners argued about referred to
auditorial requirements and approval and not criminal liability.
FACTS:
 The Provincial Fiscal of Rizal, wanted to conduct a preliminary investigation on the

accounts of the petitioners after receiving a complaint of malversation through
falsification of public, official and commercial documents imputed to them by the other
respondents, then the Commanding General, Philippine Army, Fort Bonifcacio, Rizal,
and Romeo Espino.
 Petitioners, to prevent the preliminary investigation from taking place, filed an action for
prohibition on the grounds that such an investigation will lead to an encroachment on
the constitutional prerogatives of the Auditor General if, after the approval of certain
vouchers by him without an appeal being made, an inquiry by a provincial fiscal to
determine whether or not criminal liability for malversation through falsification of public
official and commercial documents based thereon could lawfully be conducted.
 The petitioners also argued that the auditor General is not only vested with the duty to
examine or audit all expenditures of funds of the Government, but also to audit or
investigate and "bring to the attention of the proper administrative officer expenditures
of funds or property which in his opinion are irregular, unnecessary, excessive, or
extravagant." It is their contention that under the above, it is incumbent on the Auditor
General to determine whether criminal responsibility for the anomaly discovered in the
courage of his audit or examination of the accounts lies.
 It was further contended that the decisions of the Auditor General on the correctness of
the vouchers on which the alleged of cases were based having become final and
irrevocable, not even the courts could substitute its findings. Otherwise the provision of
law that vouchers, claims or accounts "once finally settled shall in no case be opened
or reviewed except as herein provided" would be meaningless if the army authorities
and respondent Fiscal were permitted to proceed with the preliminary investigation to
determine whether criminal case could be filed.
ISSUES:
1. WON a preliminary investigation by the Fiscal on accounts already audited by the

Auditor-General would constitute an unconstitutional act by encroaching the powers of
the Auditor-General as provided for in the Constitution. – NO.
HELD/RATIO:
1. NO. It would be to stretch to unwarranted limits the constitutional power thus conferred
on the Auditor General to accede to such a plea. Nothing is better settled than that,

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[CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: COMMISSION ON AUDIT – ATTY.

 The Provincial Fiscal of Rizal, wanted to conduct a preliminary investigation on the

1. WON a preliminary investigation by the Fiscal on accounts already audited by the

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