CONTEMPORARY WORLD Finals Reviewer
CONTEMPORARY WORLD Finals Reviewer
CONTEMPORARY WORLD Finals Reviewer
Buddhism was the first great missionary faith spreading from Northern
India to Afghanistan and Bengal and finally to China, Korea and Japan and
back to Tibet. Silk was extensively used in Buddhist ceremonies
○ Five Pillars of Islam stimulating the demand and facilitating trade along the Silk Road
The phenomenon of globalization of religion has made it easier to transfer Having geographical boundaries and frontiers blurred and
the all-embracing message of any religion all over the world. As a result, dissolved, religions find it easy to spread and reach every part
societies are becoming less exclusive and more multi-religious. of the world.
Social reality forces world religious communities to get rid of their Information technologies, transportation means, and the
exclusive attitudes and to develop some universal orientations, which media are deemed important means on which religionists rely in the
should be more accommodating to the other. dissemination of their religious ideas.
Inter-religious Dialogue therefore can be a discourse between two or more Example. Countless websites providing information about religions have
religious organizations for better understanding of the tenets of each been created.
In the Medieval Times, the Western people were not ignorant of God; a GLOBALIZATION: PERSPECTIVES FROM THE FIELD
must have faith in God Phenomenon. But, today to have faith in GOD is
just an option- meaning it’s up to you to believe or not to believe. In these ● Every religion has its own contribution in the account of the
sense Secularization can be best understood as a shift of human “global” or the so called “Globalization.” In fact, different religion
condition to choose or to have a choice even the unknown. has its own different definition peculiar to the understanding of
Globalization.
A post-secular society, meaning a religion that was created by the Ancient ● Sociology of religion defines globalization as the universalization of
and Medieval people, makes a return in many forms to the public from an institution- meaning making in the long term applicable and
where it was cast out during the modern era. It is called as the religious
Still Religion, in all these realities and events, tends to return to the public Two interpretations of Religion and Globalization:
domain where in that return, there occurs the de-privatization of religion, 1. It is the spread of religion and other religious expression across the
a kind of Globalization’s space-time dimension. Instead of saying Modern globe. That religion is the product of a long term process of inter-
Age, in globalization it is called Global Age. etc. civilization or cross-cultural interaction.
2. It is the place of religion with the context of globalization; the
The spatial dimension of globalization is the de-territorialism and re- relational impact of globalization upon religion
territorialization of religion. It is called ecumenical orientation of
ecumenism of transnational religion where religion forms a new form of Two strategies of Religion in front of Globalization:
attachment. It reshapes the world’s religious geography through the
Two research agendas of religion in front of globalization Example. Protestantism in the Latin America; Islam in Europe; Islam in
Scandinavian countries.
1. Transnationalism (1990)
a. A group of people migrated from the third world country is Transnationalism has blending of:
going to stay in the developing countries-the first world
countries. (Levitt and Khagram, 2007).
Two effects of Transnationalism, in the end, to the immigrants: Private means through individuals and institutional avenues through
1. The person might adopt a cultural habit coming from the host groups, the symbols and practice of the use of religious traditions, as a way
community. of recruiting membership, from the national group. In effect, it continues
2. The person might construct to the so called Pure Religion. to form religious community globally or without any specific geographical
area. To blend religious universalism with the local religions is what they
Transnational Religion: the institutional transnationalism whereby call hybrid of globalization. Glocal Religion is the entire range of
communities living outside the national territory of particular state responses in front of modernization and secularization.
maintaining their attachments to their house churches or institutions.
In the religion of Christianity for example there are four
Example. Orthodox Christianity, the minority of the faith yet their “status concrete form of Glocalization;
quo” remained unaltered. 1. Indigenization: because, in effect, native people or ethnic
groups was connected to Christian faith; a sense of fusion
The interplay and interface between religion and culture is the between religion and culture and all of them survived;
Easternalization of the West or the Westernization of the East. This is a
How does the study of Global Demography help build nations and Developing countries are expected to be at the forefront in adding the
countries? population with the 50 least developed countries to double or even triple
their population. In contrast, the developed countries are projected to
Example: The planning of health services in different towns can benefit remain steady and even a population decline in some countries.
the study of demography of a country.
The Global Monitoring Report (GMR) also shows that these global trends
and patterns vary dramatically across countries and levels of
development. Today, 87 percent of the world’s poor live in countries
❖ Planning answers the following questions: that will still experience burgeoning working-age population shares,
a. How many health units do we need? and are expected to have rapid population growth. If these countries
b. How to distribute them to the community? are able to accelerate their job creation to keep pace with their growing
c. What type of manpower is needed? working-age population they have the potential to boost their growth and
poverty reduction in coming years.
PATTERNS OF GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE
As the GMR argues, the demographic changes within countries and
Examples: differences across countries present real opportunities to boost growth
and poverty reduction. In particular, freer capital flows, migration and
trade can help respond to growing demographic imbalances globally. With
CRUDE BIRTH AND DEATH RATES INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY DECLINE
● One of the simplest ways to consider population growth in the UN Sustainable Development Goals No. 3.2: Reduce Child Mortality. It is
analysis of demographic trends defined as the number of deaths of children under 1 year of age per 1,000
● Based on the number of births and deaths per 1,000 people per live births.
year on a given region
● On a worldwide basis the difference between these rates is the rate GLOBAL LIFE EXPECTANCY
of population growth
● Within regions or countries, population growth is also affected by ● The average expected living age of individuals has steadily
emigration and immigration. increased.
● In most Asian Societies like the Philippines, there exists a high
regard for the elderly as they are mostly accrued an esteemed
GLOBAL FERTILITY position in the family.
● As a result of global decline in fertility, and because people are
● It measures the average number of children per woman every 5 living longer, median age is rising.
years ● The proportion of the elderly in the total population is rising
● In 1950, Women had more than 5 children, but in today’s time it sharply.
was halved (avg of 2.5 children per woman). Why? ● The proportion of individuals aged 80 or over is projected to rise
from 1 to 4 percent of the global population by 2050.
Three reasons why the Global Fertility rate went down.
WORKING AGE POPULATION International migration will still continue though the flow of
migrants will still be impossible to count or predict. There is an addition
● Baby Boomers: the generation born between 1946 to 1964 of 3 billion people in the global population. While in 2050 they have
● Fall in Mortality rates and increase in birth rates result in a Boom predicted that the population would stabilize at 9 billion. Managing this
Generation would give a big challenge but failure could mean a very big consequence.
● The Baby Boom creates particular challenges and opportunities for
countries
● During and following a baby boom, there will be a large population
of youth
● The Youth Cohort is to be educated for the long term economic
growth and ease of entry into the working age
CHAPTER 10: GLOBAL MIGRATION
DEMOGRAPHIC RATE OF THE PHILIPPINES
Global Migration: It is the movement of people from one region to
● Census: An official count or survey of a population, typically another for the purpose of settlement.
recording various details of individuals. Immigration: The process by which people move into a country to settle.
Emigration: The process by which people move out a country to settle
IMPACTS OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES TO GLOBALIZATION in another.
Based on Roser (2018) the world's population is ageing. One GLOBAL MIGRATION AND GLOBALIZATION
example is people in china. 31% of its population will be aged 60 or over.