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    Slave Dynasty

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    Ankus Ghosh
    The document summarizes the history of the Slave Dynasty, which ruled parts of South Asia for about 84 years after the death of Muhammad Ghori in 1206 CE. It discusses the individual rulers, including Qutb-ud-din Aibak, the first Sultan who established the Delhi Sultanate, and other rulers like Iltutmish, Razia Sultana, Balban and their contributions. Key events mentioned are the establishment of Delhi as the capital, construction of the Qutub Minar, expansion of the empire to include Bengal, and Balban's efforts to restore power to the Sultan's position.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Slave Dynasty

    Uploaded by

    Ankus Ghosh
    217 views18 pages
    The document summarizes the history of the Slave Dynasty, which ruled parts of South Asia for about 84 years after the death of Muhammad Ghori in 1206 CE. It discusses the individual rulers, including Qutb-ud-din Aibak, the first Sultan who established the Delhi Sultanate, and other rulers like Iltutmish, Razia Sultana, Balban and their contributions. Key events mentioned are the establishment of Delhi as the capital, construction of the Qutub Minar, expansion of the empire to include Bengal, and Balban's efforts to restore power to the Sultan's position.

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    Slave dynasty whole

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    Slave dynasty

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    The document summarizes the history of the Slave Dynasty, which ruled parts of South Asia for about 84 years after the death of Muhammad Ghori in 1206 CE. It discusses the individual rulers, including Qutb-ud-din Aibak, the first Sultan who established the Delhi Sultanate, and other rulers like Iltutmish, Razia Sultana, Balban and their contributions. Key events mentioned are the establishment of Delhi as the capital, construction of the Qutub Minar, expansion of the empire to include Bengal, and Balban's efforts to restore power to the Sultan's position.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    217 views18 pages

    Slave Dynasty

    Uploaded by

    Ankus Ghosh
    The document summarizes the history of the Slave Dynasty, which ruled parts of South Asia for about 84 years after the death of Muhammad Ghori in 1206 CE. It discusses the individual rulers, including Qutb-ud-din Aibak, the first Sultan who established the Delhi Sultanate, and other rulers like Iltutmish, Razia Sultana, Balban and their contributions. Key events mentioned are the establishment of Delhi as the capital, construction of the Qutub Minar, expansion of the empire to include Bengal, and Balban's efforts to restore power to the Sultan's position.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 18

    Slave dynasty

    Bhavanipur
    education society
    college

    Uid:0204180050 roll:711558750
    Introduction
    The concept of equality in islam and muslim traditions
    reached its climax in the history of south asia when slaves
    were raised to the status of sultan.ṭhe slave dynasty ruled
    the sucontinent for aout 84 years. It was the first muslim
    dynasty that ruled india.
    After conquering india muhammad ghori had no successor
    or children hence,he made his slave as successor

    -Yaldauj (ruler of gazni)


    -Quacha (ruler of multan and sindh)
    -Aibak (ruler of north india)
    -Bakhitiyaruddin khilji (ruler of eastern part of india)

    *His favourite slave was yaldauz whom he made caretaker


    of his capital gazni.
    Most ugly slave was Bakhityaruddin khilji because he burnt
    the Nalanda university.
    Md. Ghori died in 1206 Ad. After his death struggle for
    throne arised among all four slaves and ultimately Aibak
    won and estalished delhi sultanate
    Qutuuddin aibak
    He was the 1st turk ruler of delhi sultanate.
    Ghori gave him the title of Amir-E-Aakhur(incharge of
    stables) he did not took the title of sultan.
    Problem faced by Aibak-
    1.yaldauz was creating many prolems for aiak to acquire
    the throne of delhi sultanate.he attacked on punjab but
    was defeated.Aibak decided to attack ghazni to stop
    yaldauz and also won gazni in 1208. On this occasion Aibak
    also freed himself from slavery by taking letter from
    Giyasuddin (nephew of ghori) in 1208.

    2.Qubucha was also considering himself successor of ghori


    So to stop him Aibak made matrimonial relations with
    him by marrying his sister to him.

    3.Bakhitiyaruddin khilji was also creating prolems for Ainak


    ut he was killed by a turk sardar Ali mardan and after
    killing khilji. Ali mardan come to Aibak for help as during
    this time Mohmmad shera captured Bengal. Aibak and
    Awadh governor kaimaz rumi along with Ali mardan to
    defeat mohammad shera and made Ali mardan the ruler of
    Bengal and made him tax payee.
    Aibak died in 1210 while playing chaugan after falling from
    horse.
    Contribution of Aibak in art and culture
    of delhi sultanate-
    -Aibak was a patron of scholars and a creative man. He
    took interests in art works
    -he estalished 1st city of delhi i.e meharauli
    -he built indias 1st mosque QUTUB UL ISLAM in delhi 1192
    Whose material was of jain temple.on pillars of the
    mosque imageg of living eings were there ecause they
    were earlier art of jain temple.
    -he also constructed Adhai din ka johpra mosque in ajmer
    which was earlier a hindu math. This hindu math was
    made y chauhan king vishaladeva.
    Harakeli play was found written on the walls of adhai din
    ka jhopra when it was destroyed and changed it remain
    continued
    -he made Qutuminar in delhi in the memory of sheikh
    Qutub-ud-din bakhtiyar kaki( 2nd sufi saint of chisti silsila)
    Which was completed y Iltutmish.
    Main reason for constructing qutub minar was for giving
    azaan.
    Marshall called it victory tower of islam.
    1

    1
    Historydiscussion.net
    Aaram shah(1210-1211)
    Successor of his father Aibak but not an efficient king,
    When aaram shah ecame king ,all amirs revolted and
    declared themselves independent.yaldauz claimed
    independence over indian territories, Qubuchha
    conquered sindh and multan.Ali mardan declared himself
    independent king of Bengal and bihar.
    In these conditions Amir Ali Ismail invited
    Iltutmish(governor of badayun) to become emperor who
    defeated Aaram shah in the battle of zood.

    Iltutmish(1211-1235)
    Shamsuddin Iltutmish was an ilabari turk, his father ilam
    khan sold him to Aibak so he was a slave of slave.
    Aibak gave him post of sar-e -jaandar(chief of bodyguards)
    Later on because of his abilty he became
    Amir-e-shikhur(master of hunt)
    He performed well in battle of gwalior (1200 a.d.) and after
    battle he was made governor of badayun and Aibak
    married his daughter to Iltutumish.

    -ILtutmish time period is divide into 3 parts


    1.Supression of his rivals
    2.Time terror of changez khan
    3.Period of actual expedition

    1. Supression of his rivals(1211-1220)


    Yaldauz proceeded towards lahore after defeat from
    khwariz shah of persia.then 3rd attle of terrrain took
    placeetween Iltutmish and yaldauz in 1215. Iltutumish took
    yaldauz to adayun and killed him then Iltutmish appointed
    there son Nasirudin mahmud as governor of lahore
    2. Time terror of changez khan(1221-1227)
    In 1221 first time entry of mongols took place in india
    with changez khan(mongol emperor) chasing jallaludin
    mangarni(khwarizm prince)
    Jallaludin asked for shelter from iltutmish but he was
    refused as Iltutmish neither had desire nor had power to
    face such a powerful force.so a major disaster was
    prevented in india.
    Mangurni defeated Qubucha at sindh which harmed the
    latters power and it helped iltutmish to defeat qubucha in
    1228. Iltutmish conquered saraswati bathinda lahore
    depressed qubucha jumped into river sindh and commited
    suicide in 1228 A.D

    3. .Actual exedition started by Iltutmish


    Iltutmish expand his empire from 1227Ad. As changez
    khan died in 1226 which resulted in end of his terror
    - Iltutmish first started expedition of bengal Ali mardan was
    killed by Giyasuddin and ecame ruler of bengal.Iltutmish
    conquered southern bihar and entered bengal ut without
    any war Giyasuddin surrendered efore efore Iltutmish, so
    Iltutmish appointed Malik Zani as governor of bihar and
    made Giyasuddin the governor on the condition that he
    would pay tax to Iltutmish.
    - when Iltutmish came delhi giyasuddin again declared
    himself Independent. Iltutmish did not take the situation
    lightly and killed giyasuddin in 1227 a.d and appointed
    Nasiruddin as governor of bengal so, bengal was
    assimilated to delhi sultanate.

    Important works of iltutmish


    - he replaced Amir and Maliks appointed by Aibek with
    turk-e-chalgan(group of 40 loyal soilders)
    - he shifted his capital to delhi and thus he was the first
    sultan to rule from delhi.
    - he started iqutadari system which means land grants
    were given to major officials instead of cash salary.
    -Iltutmish tried to make sultanate hereditary as he
    appointed his daughter Razia sultana as his successor
    because he knew all of his son were incapable of ruling.

    Iltutmish died in 1236 ad.

    2
    https//historypak.com
    Razia sultana (1236-1204A.d)
    -Razia sultana succeded shah turkan
    There were various conspiracies in the court and 100s of
    people died due to this people were fed up from the
    internal unrest and they supported Razia to became sultan
    - Turk-e chalgan were against her and the only weakness
    she had was that she was a woman. The turkish slave could
    not tolerate concentration of power in the hand of Razia so
    they started conspiracies against her
    And as the outcome when Razia reached Bathinda to
    supress a revolt that is done by Altunia(governor of
    Bathinda) she were imprisoned.
    And later on she were killed on 13th oct 1240

    Bairam shah(1240-1242)
    -he was 3rd son of Iltutmish and became the ruler after
    Razia sultana
    -Under him the power of Noles increased a new post of
    Naib-i-mamaliquat was created to satisfy the aspirations of
    Nobles.this post was first taken by Aitgin
    -Bairam shah wanted to free himself from Aitgin and from
    other turk nobles so he indulged in a conspiracy against
    Aitgin and other nobles.he started killing Nobles and every
    nobles started feeling of getting killed by Bairam shah at
    any time.
    -In 1241 A.D mongols attacked india under taayar bahadur
    turk noles were searching for this type of opportunity ,so
    they assimilated in court to make strategy against mongols
    and killed Bairam shah in 1242 A.D

    Masud shah(1242-1246 A.D)


    He was son of Rukuddin who was son of shah turkan
    Balban gaining power in masud shah regime,he gave title
    of ulugh khan to balban.
    Masud shah remained a puppet in the hands of nobles
    Masud shah was dethroned by balban and other nobles
    Nasir-ud-din was made the next ruler.

    Nasiruddin mahmud shah(1246-1266A.D


    -He was son of Iltutmish who was known as darvesh king
    due to his habits, he ecome idol of simplicity and devoted
    all his time to prayers and making copies of Quran
    therefore he lost diginity of sultan.
    -he remained a nominal sultan as he gave all the powers to
    Balban . Even Balban was using chattar of sultan which was
    a symol of sovereignty.
    -during his time,Balban became nai-i-mamaliquat which
    was the most powerful post after sultan. Balban himself
    was the member of chalgani.
    Balban married his daughter to Nasiruddin and gained
    power. According to fakhuruddin(a history of bahmani
    kingdom) Balban poisoned Nasiruddin and occupied
    throne in 1266A.D
    Ghiyasuddin Balban(1266-1286 a.d)
    -he was 1st sultan who adopted kingship theory.he restored
    the power of sultan which was lost during Nasiruddin
    mahmuds regime due to his activities.
    *Measures adopted by Balban to restore the power of
    sultan
    1. He gave kingship theory very 1st time he defined sultan
    as zil-e-ilahi and niyamat-e-khudai which means king’s
    orders can never e disobeyed
    2. He dissolved turk-e-chalgan as they became group of
    conspirators and started comparing Balban with
    themselves.
    3. He started tradition of sijda.
    4. He also started celerating navrauz festival on the ewe of
    new year.it was to celebrate sultan’s birthday for 9 days.

    Death of Balban-
    In 1286 A.D mongol under Taimur attacked in which
    Balbans’s shezada MD. Died. Balban was growing old and
    death of his son completely broke his heart Balban died in
    1287A.D

    3
    Unacadmey.in,
    bibliography
    Medieval history by satish chandra
    Unacadmey.in
    Historydiscussion.net
    historypak.in

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