DC Lab 1

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM - LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT MOTOR
Figure 1.1 - Load Test on DC Shunt Motor

Ex. No:
LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT MOTOR
Date :
AIM:
To draw the performance characteristics of the given DC shunt motor by conducting
load test.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To determine the efficiency of the given DC shunt motor by conducting load test.
2. To find the various parameters such as torque, input power, output power etc.
3. To obtain the electrical and mechanical characteristics for the given DC shunt motor.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.NO APPARATUS RANGE TYPE QUANTITY
NAME
01. Voltmeter
02. Ammeter
03. Rheostat
04. Tachometer
FORMULA:
1. Torque (T) =(S1 S2) x R x 9.81 Nm
Where
S1, S2 – Spring balance readings in kg
R – Radius of brake drum in m
2. Input power (Pi) = VL x IL watts
Where
VL – line voltage in Volts
IL – load current in A
2N T
3. Output power (P0) = watts
60
Where
N – Speed of motor in rpm
T – Torque in Nm
Table 1.1 LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT MOTOR
Circumference of brake drum 2 π r = m
Radius of brake drum r = m
po
4. % Efficiency () = *100
pi
Where
P0 - Output power in watts
Pi - Input power in watts
PRECAUTIONS:
1. The fuse is selected such that the current rating is 120% of rated current of the motor.
2. It is ensured that the starter handle is in OFF position.
3. The motor field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance position at the time of
starting.
4. Heat produced due to friction between belt and brake drum is reduced by pouring
water inside the brake drum periodically.
PROCEDURE:
1. Circuit connections are made as per the circuit diagram shown in figure.
2. The supply is given by closing DPST switch.
3. The motor is started using 3 point starter.
4. The motor field rheostat is adjusted from its minimum resistance position to get the
rated speed.
5. The no load readings of the voltmeter and spring balance are noted.
6. The load is increased and voltmeter, ammeter, spring balance readings & speed for
various load currents up to the rated current are noted.
7. Performance characteristics are drawn from the tabulated readings & calculated
values.
MODEL GRAPH:
% Efficiency (η)
Speed in rpm
Line Current in A
Torque in Nm
Speed in rpm
Output power in watts Torque in Nm
Figure 1.2 Performance Characteristic Figure 1.3 Mechanical Characteristic
MODEL CALCULATION:
1092 Electrical Technology
31.1 Brake Test

Brake
It is a direct method and consists of applying a brake to a water-cooled pulley mounted on the motor
shaft as shown in Fig. 31.1. The brake band is fixed with the help of
wooden blocks gripping the pulley. One end of the band is fixed to
earth via a spring balance S and the other is connected to a sus-
pended weight W1. The motor is running and the load on the motor
is adjusted till it carries its full load current.
Let W1 = suspended weight in kg
W2 = reading on spring balance in kg-wt
The net pull on the band due to friction at the pulley is
(W1 − W2) kg. wt. or 9.81 (W1 − W2) newton.
If R = radius of the pulley in metre
and N = motor or pulley speed in r.p.s. Motor shaft
Then , shaft torque Tsh developed by the motor
= (W1 − W2) R kg-m = 9.81 (W1 − W2) R N-m
Motor output power = Tsh × 2π N watt
= 2π × 9.81 N (W1 − W2) R watt
= 61.68 N (W1 − W2) R watt
Let V = supply voltage ; I = full-load current taken by the motor.
Then, input power = VI watt
Output 61.68 N (W1 − W2 )R
∴ η = =
Input VI
The simple brake test described above can be used for small motors
only, because in the case of large motors, it is difficult to dissipate the large
amount of heat generated at the brake.
Another simple method of measuring motor output is by the use of
poney brake one form of which is shown in Fig. 31.2 (a). A rope is wound
round the pulley and its two ends are attached to two spring balances S1
and S2. The tension of the rope can be adjusted with the help of swivels. Fig. 31.1
Obviously, the force acting tangentially on the pulley is equal to the differ-
ence between the readings of the two spring balances. If R is the pulley radius, the torque at the pulley is Tsh
= (S1 − S2)R. If ω (= 2πN) is the angular velocity of the pulley, then
motor output = Tsh × ω = 2 π N (S1 − S2)R m-kg. wt. = 9.81 × 2πN (S1 − S2) R watt.
The motor input may be measured as shown in Fig. 31.2 (b). Efficiency may, as usual, be found by
using the relation η = output/input.
Example 31.1. In a brake test the effective load on the branch pulley was 38.1 kg, the effective
diameter of the pulley 63.5 cm and speed 12 r.p.s. The motor took 49 A at 220 V. Calculate the
output power and the efficiency at this load.
Solution. Effective load (W1 − W2) = 38.1 kg. wt ; radius = 0.635/2 = 0.3175 m
Shaft torque = 38.1 × 0.3175 kg-m = 9.81 × 38.1 × 0.3175 = 118.6 N-m
Power output = torque × angular velocity in rad/s = 118.6 × 2π × 12 = 8,945 W
8, 945
Now, motor input = 49 × 220 W ∴ Motor η = = 0.83 or 83%
49 × 220

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM - LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT MOTOR

Figure 1.1 - Load Test on DC Shunt Motor

Output power in watts Torque in Nm

Figure 1.2 Performance Characteristic Figure 1.3 Mechanical Characteristic

31.1 Brake Test

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