Metal Detector Circuit Report

Metal Detector Circuit
This is a simple metal detector circuit which is very useful for checking the person in shopping
malls, hotels, cinema halls to ensure that person is not carrying any explosive metals or illegal
things like guns, bombs etc.
Metal Detector Circuit
There are different types of metal detectors like hand held metal detectors, walk through metal
detectors and ground search metal detectors. Metal detectors can be created easily and the
circuit for a basic metal detector is not that complex.
In this project, we have designed a simple DIY type Metal Detector Circuit using very simple
components that can be used in our homes and gardens
There are different types of metal detectors like hand held metal detectors, walk through metal
detectors and ground search metal detectors. Metal detectors can be created easily and the
circuit for a basic metal detector is not that complex.
In this project, we have designed a simple DIY type Metal Detector Circuit using very simple
components that can be used in our homes and gardens
Stratum 3 Applications
Connor-Winfield OCXO Expertise
Sine or HCMOS Output, Low Jitter, High
Stability & Reliability, Low Phase Noise
Table of Contents
Circuit Diagram
Components Required
Component Description
Metal Detector Circuit Explanation
Block Diagram of Metal Detector
Working
Advantages
Disadvantages
Applications
Circuit Diagram
The following image shows the circuit diagram for the metal detector circuit.
Metal Detector Circuit Diagram

Components Required
1 x TDA0161 Proximity Detector IC

2 x 47nF Capacitors (Ceramic Capacitor code 473)
1 x 1 KΩ Resistor (1/4 Watt)
1 x 330 Ω Resistor (1/4 Watt)
1 x 5 KΩ Potentiometer
1 x 2N2222A (NPN Transistor)
1 x 5V Buzzer
Coil (copper wire of 26 – 30 AWG is taken and it is wound in to a coil of diamater 5 – 6 cm and
140 – 150 turns)
Additional Components (for LED)
1 x 5mm LED
Component Description
TDA0161 Proximity Detector IC: TDA0161 is a Proximity Detector IC manufactured by

STMicroelectronics. It can be used detect metal objects by detecting the slight changes in the
high frequency Eddy current losses.
The TDA0161 IC acts as an oscillator with the help of externally tuned circuit. The changes in
supply current will determine the output signal i.e. current is high when a metal object is near
and it is low when there is no metal object.
TDA0161 has 8 pins and it comes in Dual in – line Package (DIP). The following image shows
the pin diagram of TDA0161 IC.
NOTE: According to STMicroelectronics, TDA0161 Proximity Detector IC is obsolete. If it is

available in the market, go ahead and make this fun project. If it isn’t available, try to find a
replacement IC. We will try to update if any similar IC is available. If you find any Proximity
Detector ICs, please mention it in the comments section.
Coil (Inductor): We have taken a 30 AWG Copper wire for this project. It is then wound in to a
coil using a 5.8cm diamater reference. The coil consists of 140 – 150 turns.
Metal Detector Circuit Explanation

When the LC circuit that is L1 and C1 has got any resonating frequency from any metal which is
near to it, electric field will be created which will lead to induces current in the coil and changes
in the signal flow through the coil.
Variable resistor is used to change the proximity sensor value equal to the LC circuit, it is better
to check the value when there is coil not near to the metal. When the metal is detected the LC
circuit will have changed signal. The changed signal is given to the proximity detector (TDA
0161), which will detect the change in the signal and react accordingly. The output of the
proximity sensor will be of 1mA when there is no metal detected and it will be around 10mA
when coil is near to the metal
When the output pin is high the resistor R3 will provide positive voltage to transistor Q1. Q1 will
be turned on and led will glow and buzzer will give the buzz. Resistor r2 is used to limit the
current flow.
Block Diagram of Metal Detector
block diagram
There are three main parts in the metal detector circuit: the LC Circuit, the Proximity Sensor ,
output LED and the Buzzer. The coil and the capacitor C1, which are connected in parallel, will
form the LC circuit.
Proximity sensor(TDA0161), is triggered by this LC cirucit if any metal is detected.The Proximity

sensor will then turn on the led and produces alarm using buzzer.
LC Circuit: LC circuit has inductor and capacitor connected in parallel.This circuit sarts
resonating when there is same frequency material near to it. The LC circuit charges capacitor
and inductor alternatively.When the capacitor is charged fully ,charge is applied to inductor.
Inductor starts charging and when charge across the capacitor is nil, it draws charge from the
inducutor in reverse polarity. Then inductor charge is reduced and again the process
repeats.Note inductor is a magnetic field storage device and capacitor is electric field storage
device.
Proximity Sensor: The proximity sensor can detect the objects with out any physical
interference. The proximity sensor will work same as infrared sensor, proximity also release a
signal, it will not give output unless and until there is no change in the reflected back signal.
If there is a change in signal it will detect and give the output accordingly. There are different
proximity sensors for example to detect plastic material we can use capacitive type proximity
and for metals we should use inductive type.
Working
The LC Circuit, which consists of L1 (coil) and C1, is the main metal detector part of the circuit.
With the help of this LC Circuit, which is also called as Tank Circuit or Tuned Circuit, the
TDA0161 IC acts as an oscillator and oscillates at a particular frequency.
When the LC circuit detects any resonating frequency from any metal which is near to it, electric
field will be created which will lead to induces current in the coil and changes in the signal flow
through the coil.
Variable resistor is used to change the proximity sensor value equal to the LC circuit, it is better
to check the value when the coil is not near any metal object. When the metal is detected, the
LC circuit will have changed signal.
The changed signal is given to the proximity detector (TDA 0161), which will detect the change
in the signal and react accordingly. The output of the proximity sensor will less than 1mA when
there is no metal detected and it will be around 10mA (usually greater than 8mA) when coil is
near to the metal.
When the output pin is high, the resistor R3 will provide positive voltage to transistor Q1. Q1 will
be turned on and LED will glow (not shown in the circuit) and buzzer will be activated.
Advantages
The Proximity Detector IC TDA0161 based Metal Detector Circuit is a very simple and easy to
construct metal detector that can be used to detect small metals in our homes, offices and
gardens.
There is need for any microcontroller as the Proximity Sensor will be sufficient to implement the
project.
Disadvantages
The main disadvantage of this Metal Detector Circuit is the range of detection. The metal object
has to be at a distance of 10mm for the detector to detect it.
Applications
This simple Metal Detector can be used to identify metals like iron, gold, silver etc.
Since it is a simple project, we can use this in our home to scan for nails, metal scraps etc.
which are not easily spotable by naked eye.

Metal Detector Circuit Report

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Metal Detector Circuit

Metal Detector Circuit

Metal Detector Circuit Diagram

1 x TDA0161 Proximity Detector IC

TDA0161 Proximity Detector IC: TDA0161 is a Proximity Detector IC manufactured by

NOTE: According to STMicroelectronics, TDA0161 Proximity Detector IC is obsolete. If it is

Metal Detector Circuit Explanation

Proximity sensor(TDA0161), is triggered by this LC cirucit if any metal is detected.The Proximity

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