Indian History PDF

CONTENTS
S. No Topic Page
1. Indian History 03
2. An Introduction to Indian History 03
3. Indian History in Brief 03
ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY

4. A Brief Note on Ancient Indian History 04
5. Ancient Indian History MCQs 16-153
MEDIEVAL INDIAN HISTORY
6. A Brief Note on Medieval Indian History 154
7. Medieval Indian History MCQs 161-217
MODERN INDIAN HISTORY
8. A Brief Note on Modern Indian History 218
9. Modern Indian History MCQs 228-336
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
10. Previous Year Questions Asked in CDS Examination 337-341
11. CDS Previous Year Questions – Solution 342-343
12. Previous Year Questions Asked in NDA Examination 344-354
13 NDA Previous Year Questions – Solution 355-361
14. Previous Year Questions Asked in AFCAT Examination 362-365
15. AFCAT Previous Year Questions – Solution 366-368
INDIAN HISTORY
"India is the cradle of human race, the birthplace of human speech, the mother of history, the
grandmother of legend, and the great grandmother of tradition. Our most valuable and most
astrictive materials in the history of man are treasured up in India only! "
Mark Twain.
AN INTRODUCTION TO INDIAN HISTORY
Indian History is as old as the History of Mankind. Artifacts dating back to as much as 500, 000
years have been found. India's history and culture is ancient and dynamic, spanning back to the beginning
of human civilization. Beginning with a mysterious culture along the Indus River and in farming
communities in the southern lands of India. The history of India is one punctuated by constant integration
with migrating peoples and with the diverse cultures that surround India. Placed in the center of Asia,
history in India is a crossroads of cultures from China to Europe, and the most significant Asian connection
with the cultures of Africa.
India's history is more than just a set of unique developments in a definable process; it is, in many ways,
a microcosm of human history itself, a diversity of cultures all impinging on a great people and being
reforged into new, syncretic forms. Shown below is the India timeline starting from 3000 BC of ancient
Indus valley civilization and Harappa civilization to 1000 AD of Chola Dynasty of ancient history of India.
Indian History in Brief:
The History of India begins with the birth of the Indus Valley Civilization in such sites as Mohenjo-
Daro, Harappa, and Lothal, and the coming of the Aryans. These two phases are usually described as the
pre-Vedic and Vedic periods. It is in the Vedic period that Hinduism first arose: this is the time to which
the Vedas are dated.
In the fifth century, large parts of India were united under Ashoka. He also converted to Buddhism, and it
is in his reign that Buddhism spread to other parts of Asia. It is in the reign of the Mauryas that Hinduism
took the shape that fundamentally informs the religion down to the present day. Successor states were
more fragmented.
Islam first came to India in the eighth century, and by the 11th century had firmly established itself in
India as a political force; the North Indian dynasties of the Lodhis, Tughlaqs, and numerous others, whose
remains are visible in Delhi and scattered elsewhere around North India, were finally succeeded by the
Mughal empire, under which India once again achieved a large measure of political unity.
The European presence in India dates to the seventeenth century and it is in the latter part of this century
that the Mughal Empire began to disintegrate, paving the way for regional states. In the contest for
supremacy, the English emerged 'victors', their rule marked by the conquests at the battlefields of Plassey
and Buxar.
The Rebellion of 1857-58, which sought to restore Indian supremacy, was crushed; and with the
subsequent crowning of Victoria as Empress of India, the incorporation of India into the empire was
complete. Successive campaigns had the effect of driving the British out of India in 1947.
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MCQs INDIAN HISTORY MCQs
Indian History is devided into following three major divisions: -

(a) Ancient Indian History
(b) Medieval Indian History
(c) Modern Indian History

A Brief Note on Ancient Indian History
The History of India begins with the Indus Valley Civilization and the coming of the Aryans. These two
phases are generally described as the pre-Vedic and Vedic periods. The earliest literary source that sheds
light on India's past is the Rig Veda. It is difficult to date this work with any accuracy on the basis of
tradition and ambiguous astronomical information contained in the hymns. It is most likely that Rig Veda
was composed between 1,500 B.C. and 1,000 B.C. In the fifth century, large parts of India were united
under Ashoka.
The 6th Century B.C. was a period of great tumult in India. The kingdom of Magadha, one of the 16 great
Janapadas had become paramount over other kingdoms of the Ganges Valley. This period also saw the
emergence of various heterodox sects in India. This was the time when Buddhism and Jainism emerged
as popular protestant movements to pose a serious challenge to Brahmanic orthodoxy.
This period was followed by the Mauryas of whom the most famous was Ashoka the Great. The
boundaries of his empire extended from Kashmir and Peshawar in the North and Northwest to Mysore in
the South and Orissa in the East - but his fame rests not so much on military conquests as on his celebrated
renunciation of war.
For the next four hundred years (after the great Mauryas), India remained politically disunited and weak.
It was repeatedly raided and plundered by foreigners. Stability was restored by the Guptas. The Gupta
age was the period of peace and prosperity and witnessed an unprecedented flowering of art, literature
and the sciences. This period also saw the beginning of Hindu temple architecture.
After the Guptas there was only a brief afterglow, in the time of Harshavardhana of Kannauj. A Chinese
traveler, Huen-tsang visited India from (629 - 645 A.D.) during the reign of Harshavardhana. His account
gives us an opportunity to note the changes that had taken place in the lives of the Indian people since
the days of the Guptas.
PREHISTORIC PERIOD
• The Prehistoric period of India is known only through reconstructions from archaeological evidence.
• The name India was derived from the river named Sindhu, which is also known as INDUS.
• The recently reported artifacts from Bori in Maharashtra suggest the presence of human beings in
India around 1.4 million years ago.
• From their first appearance in around 3000 BC, human beings used stones as tools for various
purposes.
• That’s why that period is called as STONE AGE.
Stone Age is categorized into 3 divisions. They are given in the table below:
Stone Age Paleolithic or Old Mesolithic or Neolithic or New Stone Age

Stone Age Middle Stone Age
Period 5,00,000 BC – 8000 BC 8000 BC – 6000 BC 6000 BC – 1000 BC
Tools used Unpolished rough Microliths, pointed Polished stone tools like stone axes
stones cresconic blades,
scrapers etc are
made up of stones
Occupation Hunting, food Hunting, fishing, Cultivating rice, domesticating cattle
gathering food gathering and and weaving cotton and wool to
domesticating cattle make clothes, Pottery
Shelter Cave Rock Temporary hut Mud house
Important Soan Valley (Punjab) Chotta-Nagpur, J&K, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Andhra

Sites Bhimbetka (Near River Krishna (South) Pradesh, Megalaya, Bihar etc
Bhopal)
Towards the end of the Neolithic age, copper and bronze began to be used as tools; this period is called
as Chalcolithic age (1800 BC- 1000 BC).
INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION (2500 BC – 1750 BC)
• Indus Valley Civilization belongs to the BRONZE AGE and it forms a part of proto-history of India.
• It was one of the most ancient urban civilizations in the world.
• This civilization developed along the banks of river Indus.
• This civilization covered the parts of Sind, Baluchistan, Afghanistan, West Punjab, Gujarat, Uttar
Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab and Maharashtra.
• Mohenjadaro is the largest and Allahdino is the smallest excavated site in this civilization.
Town Planning
• Harappan towns were divided into two parts: Citadels: Fortified settlements on the high mounds.
• Lower Town: Main residential area.
• The streets ran in straight lines crossing one another at right angles.
• Houses stood on both sides of the streets.
• Houses, drains, wells and bathing platforms were made of Kiln-burnt bricks.
• The Great Bath of Mohenjodaro was used for religious bathing.
• Mohenjodaro means ‘the mount of the dead’.
• Lamp-posts indicate the existence of street lighting.
Agriculture
• Irrigation-based agriculture was the backbone of the civilization.
• Sickle stone blades mounted on wooden sticks were used for cultivation purposes.
• Grains were stored in granaries.
• Wheat and six-row barley; field peas, mustard, sesame seeds, etc. were grown.
• People of Indus were the first to produce cotton in the world.
Trade
• Agriculture, industry and forest produce provided the basis for internal and external trade.
• Trade was based on Barter system. Indus people had trade contacts with the Persian Gulf and
Mesopotamia.
• Transportation: Bullock carts, pack animals and boats were used.
• Towns associated with different industries: Daimabad bronze industry, Lothal factory for stone tools
and metallic finished goods, Balakot pearl finished goods, bangle and shell industry and Chanhundaro
beads and bangles factory.
Major imports
Materials Source from
Gold Kolar (Karnataka), Afghanistan, Persia
Silver South India, Afghanistan, Persia
Copper Khetri (Rajasthan), Baluchistan, Arabia
Tin Central Asia, Afghanistan, Bihar
Agates Western India
Jade Central Asia
Turquoise Iran
Amethyst Maharashtra
Art and Craft

• Bead Making and jewellery of gold and precious stones were made.
• Pottery: Bright or dark red, plain and painted pottery was made.
• Seals: Seals were made of terracotta and most frequently represented by an animal named Unicorn.
• Terracotta figurines: Fire baked clay was used to make toys, animals, birds and both male and female
figurines.
Religion
• The chief male deity of Indus valley civilization was Pasupati Mahadeva (Epithet of Lord Shiva).
• The chief female deity of Indus valley civilization was the Mother Goddess (Goddess of fertility).
• They also worshipped fire, peepal trees and Unicorn.
Burial Practices
• Mohenjodaro: Three forms of burial were complete, fractional and post-cremation burials.
• The dead body was generally placed in the North-South direction.
Political System
• It is speculated that the rulers might have been wealthy merchants, or powerful landlords or spiritual
leader.
Scripts
• Scripts were pictographic and written from right to left like modern Urdu.
• These scripts are found on various seals, pottery, copper tablets, tools etc.
Important Discoveries
Site Discovered by Year
Harappa Dayaram Sahni 1921
Mohenjodaro R. D. Banerjee 1922
Sutkagendor R. L. Staine 1927
Chanhudaro N. G. Majumdar 1931
Rangpur M. Vats 1953
Kalibangan A. Ghosh 1953
Ropar Y. D. Sharma 1955-56
Lothal S. R. Rao 1957
Surkotada I. Joshi 1972-75
Banawali R. S. Bisht 1973-74
Decline of the Indus Valley Civilization
• After 700 years, the Harappan cities began to decline.
• Reason: A shift in the course of the river and natural disasters such as drought, floods, etc or long-
term climate change.
• Some scientists also believe that the war with the Aryan civilization can also be a cause of their decline.
ARYAN AND VEDIC AGE (1500 BC – 1000BC)

• Vedic Age is the period of the Aryans in India. The word ARYAN literally means of high birth.
• During the early part of the Vedic period, the Indo-Aryans settled on the Indo-Gangetic Plains.
• The word ‘Veda’ is derived from ‘Vid’ which means mantra, slokas and also knowledge.
• Vedic Age is divided into the Early Vedic Period and Later Vedic Period.
Early Vedic Period (1500 BC – 1000 BC)
• The People of the early Vedic period lived in Sapta Sindva which means land of seven rivers.
• The seven rivers are Jhelum, Ravi, Chenab, Beas and Sutlej along with the Indus and Saraswati.
Economy
• Aryans followed a mixed economy consisting of both plough based agriculture and pastoralism.
• The Cow was the standard unit of exchange. Gold coins like Nishka, Krishna and Satmana also were
used.
Polity
• Some of the political terms used by Vedic people were:
➢ Samiti: National Assembly of the people.
➢ Sabha: Assembly of Elders.
➢ Purohita: Religious advisor of the King.
➢ Bali: Voluntary offerings to the chief by the people.
➢ Weapons: Made of stone, wood, bone and metal were used.
Society
• Jana: People who gave their faithfulness to the tribe (Vis).
• Categories of Vis: Grama and Sangrama.
• Kula: It means family in Rig Veda.
• Varna: Caste of the People based on occupation. The four varnas were:
➢ Brahmins: Teachers and Priests
➢ Kshatriyas: Rulers and Administrators

➢ Vaishyas: Merchants and Bankers
➢ Sudras: Artisans and Labourers.
Religion
• Nature was worshipped by Vedic Aryans - earth, fire, wind, rain and thunder.
• No temples and no idol worship during this period.
Economic Condition
• Rig Vedic Aryans were pastoral people.
• Main occupation: Cattle rearing. They finally settled in Northern India, started agriculture, cleared
forests and cultivated land.
• Other occupations: Carpentry and spinning. Carpenters made chariots and ploughs made with copper
and bronze.
• Cotton and woolen fabrics also were made.
Rig Vedic Gods
• Indra: Aryan warlord and controlled the weather.
• Called as Purandhar or the destroyer of efforts.
• Varuna: Administrator of cosmic law.
• His worship gives signs of Bhakti
• Agni: Intermediary between Gods and Men. Lives in domestic hearth.
• Yama: A type of Adam.
• Soma: God of plants. Special God of Brahmanas.
Society
• Based on relationship, early Aryans were tribal and democratic.
• The Family was ancient and the birth of a son was desirable.
The Cows
• Most important form of wealth.
• Duhitri – word for daughter, meaning one who milks cows.
• Goghana – Indicates beef offered to guests.
Women’s Position
• Respectable position in society.
• No child marriage and marriageable age for girls – 16 to 17 years.
• There is proof of widow remarriage and the practice of Niyoga.
• Monogamy, polygamy and polyandry were also known.
Female Deities
• Usha- Goddess of dawn
• Aditi- Mother of God
• Prithivi- Goddess of earth
• Aryani- Goddess of forest
• Saraswati-River deity
Important Rituals
• Rajasuya- king’s influence was strengthened by rituals. Conferred supreme power on him.
• Asvamedha – Ceremony lasted for 30 days and ended with horse sacrifice.
• Vajapeya – chariot race was performed by the king. Royal chariot competed against kinsmen in a race.
Types of Marriage
• Brahma – In same class, a suitable dowered girl to a man.
• Daiva- Father gives his daughter to a priest as a part of his fee.
• Arsa – Token bride - gives cow and bull as dowry.
• Prajapatya - Father gives his girl without any dowry.
• Gandharva- Love marriage.
• Asura- Marriage in which bride is bought from her father.
• Rakshasa - Marriage by warriors.
• Paishacha – Marriage by seduction.
Vedic Literature
Aryans developed the Vedic culture based on Vedas. There are four Vedas in Vedic literature.
Vedas Description
Rig Veda Oldest one. It Consists of 1028
hymns sung in honour of the
Gods.
Yajur Veda It consists of detailed rules to be
followed at the time of sacrifice.
Sama Veda The Book of Songs. It contains a
set of melodies for singing during
sacrifices
Atharva Veda It contains the details of rituals of
worship
PRE-MAURYAN AGE
• Age period is about 300 years from 600 BC to 300 BC.
• Age of Buddhism hence called Buddhan age.
• Anguttra Nikaya- Source of 16 kingdoms written in Pali language.
• Pali or Prakrit was spoken by the common man.
• Buddhism adopted Pali and Jainism adopted Prakrit.
• During the Medieval period, both languages Pali and Prakrit disappeared.
• During the time of Buddha, most important kingdoms were as follows:
➢ Vatsa: Capital Kausambi
➢ Avanti: Capital Ujjayini
➢ Kosala: Capital Ayodhay
➢ Magadha: Capital Rajagriha.
MAGADHA EMPIRE
• The period of Magadha Empire was 6th century to 4th century BC.
• Four important royal dynasties – Haryankas of Magadha, Ikshvakus of Kosala, Pauravas of Vatsa and
Pradyotas of Avanti.
• A new dynasty named Haryanka was founded in Magadha by King Bimbisara.
• By defeating the Brihadrathas, Bimbisara founded the dynasty.
King Bimbisara of Magadha (544 BC-492 BC)
• Bimbisara, a contemporary of Buddha.
• Rajgir (Giriv Raja) was his capital. Strengthened his position with the ruling families of Kosala, Vaisali
and Madra (3 Wives).
• Rajgir was impregnable because his capital was surrounded by 5 hills.
History Ajatshatru (492 BC-460 BC)
• Bimbisara’s son killed Ajatshatru’s father and captured the throne.
• Joined Vaisali and Kosala. At that time, Kosala was ruled by Prasenajit.
• Buddha died during his rule and thus the first Buddhist council was arranged.
History of Udayin (460-444BC)
• Udayin founded the Pataliputra, new capital.
• Situated at the junction of the Ganga and Son.
Shishunaga Dynasty (412-344BC)
• It was founded by Minister Shishunaga.
• Succeeded by Kalasoka (Second Buddhist Council).
• Destruction of power of Avanti was the greatest achievement.
• Nandivardhan, was the last ruler of Shishunaga dynasty.
Nanda Dynasty (344 – 321 BC)
• Considered as the first of the non-Kshatriya dynasties.
• Established by Mahapadma Nanda, a powerful empire.
• He had the titles of Ekarat and Sarvakshatrantaka.
• It had a tremendous army consisting of infantry – 2, 00,000 lakh, cavalry – 2,000, war chariots – 2,000
and war elephants – 3,000.
• Dhanananda, was the last ruler of Nanda dynasty.
• Dhanananda was contemporary of Alexander.
• During Dhanananda’s rule, Alexander invaded India in 326 BC.
Persian Invasion
• Darius, King of Persia (522-486 BC) captured some of the territories in the east of Sindhu in 218 BC.
• The Persian ruler, Xerses enlisted Indians in his army.
• Kharoshti script was brought to India by Persians.
Alexander’s Invasion
• Alexander was born in 356 BC.
• He was the son of King Philip II of Macedonia, Epirus or Olympias was his mother and Aristotle was
his teacher.
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• In 336 BC, he became King.

• He founded the city Alexandria in Egypt.
• In 326 BC, he defeated Porus and captured Taxila through the battle of Hydaspes on the Jhelum River.
• The ruler of Taxila, Ambhi invited Alexander to India.
• At the age of 33, he died due to malaria.
• Eudamas, was the last general of Alexander in India.
• Selucus Nikator was the first general of Alexander in India.
• Alexander IV succeeded Alexander as the king of Macedonia.
• His teacher Aristotle is considered the “Father of Politics, Biology, Taxonomy and science of Logic”.
JAINISM
• Jainism was founded by Rishabhadeva.
• There were 24 Tirthankaras. Rishabhadeva was the first Tirthankara.
Life of Mahavira
• The last Tirthankara was Mahavira.
• Mahavira was born in 599 BC, in Kundagram.
• Siddhartha, the father of Mahavira was head of Jnatrika clan and his mother Trishala, was a Princess
of Lichchavi, Yasoda was his wife and Priyadarshana also called Anojja was his daughter.
• He left his home at the age of 30 and visited the court of Bimbisara and Ajatashatru.
Way to Nirvana
• Right faith
• Right knowledge
• Right conduct
Five main teachings
• Non-Injury
• Non-lying
• Non-stealing
• Non-possession
• Observe continence
Sacred Literature
• Ardhamagathi, the sacred literature of the Svetambaras written in a form of Prakrit.
• Classified as follows:
➢ The twelve Angas
➢ The twelve Upangas
➢ The ten Parikarnas
➢ The six Chheda-sutras
➢ The four Mulasutras
Jain councils History
• First Council: At the beginning of 3rd century BC, it was held at Pataliputra by Sthulabhadra. It resulted
in the compilation of 12 Angas to replace 14 Purvas.
• Second Council: In the 5th century AD, it was held at Vallabhi (Gujarat) by Devridhihgani. It resulted in
the compilation of 12 Angas and 12 Upangas.
Followers of Jainism
• The Digambaras (sky-clad or naked)
• The Svetambaras (White-clad)
BUDDHISM
• Originated in the 6th century BC.
• Founded by Gautama Buddha.
Buddha History
• Buddha, also known as Siddhartha, Sakyamuni and Tathagata.
• He was born in 563 BC, on the Vaishakha Poornima day at Lumbini, near Kapilavastu in Nepal.
• His father Suddhodana, the Saka ruler.
• His mother Mahamaya of Kosala dynasty, died on the seventh day of his birth. So he was taken care
of by stepmother Gautami.
• His wife Yoshodhara and his son named Rahula.
• At the age of 29, he left his palace and attained Nirvana and Bodh Gaya at the age of 35.
• In Sarnath, he delivered his first sermon.
• In 483 BC, at Kusinara he attained Mahaparinirvana at the age of 80.
Buddhist Councils
• First Council: Held in 483 BC at Sattapanni cave near Rajagriha. Divided into two Pitakas as Sutta Pitaka
and Vinaya Pitaka.
• Second Council: In 383 BC, held at Vaisali under Sabakami (king was Kalasoka). Followers divided into
Sthavirmadins and Mahasanghikas.
• Third Council: In 250 BC, at Pataliputra by Mogaliputta Tissa (king was Ashoka). Third part of the
Tripitaka was coded in the Pali language.
• Fourth Council: IN 72 AD, at Kashmir (kundalvan) under Vasumitra (king was Kanishka). Buddhism
divided into two sects as Mahayana and Hinayana.
Buddhist literature
• Tripitakas (Three hold basket) – Buddhist scriptures in Pali language.
• Vinaya Pitaka: Rules of Discipline in Buddhist monasteries.
• Sutta Pitaka: Largest collection of Buddha’s sermons.
• Abhidhamma Pitaka: Explains the philosophical teachings of Buddhist religion.
Types of Buddhism
• Mahayana: Followers believed in heavenliness of Buddha. They believed in idol worship.
• Hinayana: Followers believed in the original teachings of Buddha. They did not believe in idol worship.
• Vajrayana: Followers believed the salvation attained by the magical power, which they called Vajra.
Popular in Eastern India, particularly Bihar and Bengal.
MAURYAN EMPIRE (322-185 BC)
• Mauryan Empire was founded by Chandragupta Maurya with the help of Chanakya, who was the
author of Arthashastra.
• Chandragupta Maurya defeated King Dhanananda and captured Kingdom Magadha and stated
Pataliputra (now as Patna) as the capital.
• At that time, the Maurya empire was the largest empire.
• Seleucus I sent ambassador namely Megasthenes, who was the author of Indika to Chandragupta
Maurya’s court.
• With the help of his son Bindusara he succeeded and Bindusara extended their empire to southern
regions.
• After that, Bindusara followed his son, Asoka (ruled 272-232 BC).
• Asoka proved himself as one of the best kings in world history.
• After the brutal war against Kalinga (261 BC), he converted to Buddhism.
• Brihadratha was the last emperor of the Mauryan Empire.
POST- MAURYAN AGE
Sunga Dynasty (185 -71 BC)
• Founder – Pushyamitra Sunga.
• He was the commander-in-chief of the last Mauryan king Brihadratha.
• Malavikagnimitram, Kalidasa’s drama tells about Pushyamitra’s son Agnimitra and Malavika’s love
story.
• Devabhuti – Last king of Sunga dynasty.
Kanva Dynasty (72 BC – 27 BC)
• Founder – Vasudeva Kanva in 72 BC
• He ruled after defeating the last Sunga ruler.
• Ruled for a period for 45 years.
• Rulers of Kanva dynasty – Vasudeva, Bhumimitra, Narayana and Susuman.
Cheta Dynasty of Kalinga
• Founder- Maha Meghavahana.
• Hatigumbha inscription of Kharavela gives details about the Chedis of Kalinga.
• Kharavela – follower of Jainism.
Satavahana Dynasty (235 – 100 BC)
• After Mauryans, most powerful ruling dynasty.
• Also known as Andhras.
• Gautamiputra Satakarni – important ruler.
• Satavahanas were Brahmanas.
• Chaitya – Two common structures of Satavahanas and monastery called Vihara.
• Prakrit – official language.
• Issued lead coins.
Indo Greeks
• They were the first to invade India.
• Menander –famous Indo-Greek ruler.
• They were the first to issue gold coins in India.
• Menander was converted to Buddhism by Nagasena (Buddhist Monk).
• Demitrius – king of Bactria invaded India about 190 BC.
• Demitrius is considered as Second Alexander.
The Parthians (19 – 45 AD)
• Known as Pahalavas, Iranian people.
• Gondophernes- Greatest Parthian ruler.
• St. Thomas came to India for the propagation of Christianity during the reign of Gondophernes.
The Sakas (90 BC – 1st AD)
• Known as Scythians.
• Maues or Moga - First Saka king in India.

• Rudra Daman I - Famous Saka ruler in western India.
• First Inscription – Junagarh Inscription of Rudradaman in Sanskrit.
• Ujjayini – Rudradharman Capital.
Kushans
• Known as Yuch-chis or Tocharians.
• Came to India from north central Asia.
• Kujala Kadphises – First Kushana king.
• Kanishka – famous kushana ruler.
• He became ruler in 78 AD.
• Peshawar – Kanishka’s capital.
• ‘The Gandhara School of Art’ received royal patronage.
• Kanishka is also known as ‘Second Ashoka’
• He started Saka Era in 78 AD.
• Vasudeva – Last king of Kushana dynasty.
• Kushana School of art is also called Mathura School.
THE GUPTA EMPIRE (320-540 AD)

• Founded by Sri Gupta.
• The second ruler was Ghatotkacha.
• Gupta Empire is called as “The Golden Age of India”
Chandragupta I (319-335 AD)
• He was the first important king of Gupta dynasty.
• He came to rule in 320 AD.
• By marrying Kumara Devi, princess of Lichchavi Clan of Nepal he increased his power and prestige.
• He was the first ruler who acquired the title of Maharajadhiraj.
Samudragupta’s History (335-375 AD)
• In 335 AD, Samudragupta succeeded Chandragupta I.
• Harisena, his court poet composed the Allahabad Pillar inscription (known as Prayagaprasati) that
contains Samudragupta’s conquests’ information.
• V.A. Smith described Samudragupta as “Indian Napoleon”
• Samudragupta composed “Vahukabita” and named as “Kaviraja”.
• His minister was “Vasubandhu”, a Buddhist scholar.
Chandragupta II (380-413 AD)
• Samudragupta was succeeded by Ramagupta but Chandragupta II killed him and married his queen.
• Chandragupta II was also known as Vikramaditya (Sun of power).
• Took the title of Simhavikrama, by defeating Rudrasimha III.
• First ruler to issue silver coins.
Kumaragupta – I (413-455 AD)
• Adopted the title Mahendraditya.
• Founded Nalanda University and worshipper of Lord Kartikeya.
• He died during the war with Hunas.
Skandagupta (455-467 AD)
• Kumaragupta I was followed by Skandagupta.
• Established Sudharsana Lake.

• After his death, the powerful days of Guptas came to an end.
Gupta Religion
• During this time Bhagavad Gita was written. Buddhism decreased.
• The last ruler was Vishnugupta, who died in 570 AD.
• Vishnu temple at Deogarh and a brick temple at Bhitragaon belong to the architecture of Gupta period.
HARSHAVARDHANA’S HISTORY (606-647 AD)

• Harshavardhana – last Hindu emperor of North India.
• He was the son of Prabhakar Vardhan and belonged to the family of the Pushyabhuti dynasty
(Vardhana dynasty).
• He started Harsha Era in 606 AD. Siladitya was his original name.
• Punjab, Kannauj, Bengal, Bihar and Orissa were under his control.
• Hieun Tsang, the Chinese traveler visited India during his rule.
• At the end of every five years, he celebrated a solemn festival at Prayag (Allahabad).
• He was a poet and dramatist.
• His biography “Harshacharita” was written by Banabhatta, his court poet. He also wrote “Kadambari”.
• Harsha is the author of three plays Priyadharshika, Nagananda and Ratnavali.
• After his death in 647, once again the empire was divided into small states.
SANGAM AGE
• Sangam age is called the Golden period, which began in 300 BC and lasted till 300 AD.
• Sangam literature is made up of three kingdoms, namely Chola, Chera and Pandiyan.
• Corresponds to the post-Mauryan and pre-Gupta period.
• First Sangam was held in Madurai. Agastya was the chairman.
• Second Sangam held at Kapatpuram and its chairman was Tolkappiyar (author of Tolkappium).
• Silappadikaram by Ilango Adigal (story of a married couple) and Manimegalai by Sattanar are the
famous epics.
Pandiyan History
• Their emblem was Fish and the capital was Madurai.
• First mentioned by Megasthanes, who said that the kingdom was famous for Pearls.
• Pandiyan territory included the districts of Tirunelveli, Ramanad and Madurai.
• They gained from trade with Roman Empire and sent embassies to Augus, the Roman emperor.
• Mudukudumi, who was the earliest Pandiyan ruler accused Kovalan of theft.
• As a result, the city was laid under a curse of Kannagi (Kovalan’s wife).
Chola History
• Their emblem was Tiger and kingdom was called Cholamandalam or Coromondal.
• Kauveripattanam/Puhar was their capital.
• Chief center was Uraiyur, famous for cotton trade.
• Elara, the Chola king conquered Srilanka and ruled it for fifty years.
• Karikala was their famous king.
• Their main source was from trade in cotton cloth and they also maintained well organized Navy.
Chera History
• Their emblem was Bow and Vanji was their capital.
• Muzris and Tondi were main ports.
• Romans setup two regiments to protect their interests.
• They fought against Cholas about 150 AD
• Senguttuvan was the greatest king in Chera history.

(MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS)
1. Who among the following was propounder of the Madhyamika Philosophy?

[A]Bhadrabahu
[B]Parshwanath
[C]Sheelbhadra
[D]Nagarjuna
Answer [D] Nagarjuna- Nagarjuna (ca. 2nd or 3rd century) was a patriarch of Mahayana and the founder
of Madhyamika School.
2. Which of the following Rigvedic deities represented Storm?

[A]Indra
[B]Maruts
[C]Varun
[D]Apas
Answer [B] Maruts -Aryans, The Vedic Age – Religion: They personified force of nature and worshipped
them as Vayu (air), Maruts (storm), Indra (rain), Varuna (water), Surya (sun), Agni (fire), Prithvi (earth),
Aranyani (forest) etc.
3. The place Dharanikota in South India is related to which ancient dynasty?

[A]Chola
[B]Satavahana
[C]Pandya
[D]Chera
Answer [B] Satavahana- Dharanikota is a town near Amaravati in the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh
in India, It is the site of the ancient Dhanyakataka which was the capital of the Satavahana kingdom
which ruled in the Deccan around the 1st to 3rd centuries A.D.
4. Pushkalavati was capital of which of the following acient Kingdoms?

[A]Gandhara
[B]Kosal
[C]Magadha
[D]Kashi
Answer [A) Gandhara- Pushkalavati was capital of ancient Kingdom of Gandhara. Its ruins are currently
located in Charsadda, Pakistan, located in Peshawar valley in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (formerly
NWFP). Pushkalavati was home of the Sanskrit grammarian Panini.
5. “_____________is believed to mark the main site of Hastinapur, which was capital of Kauravas and
Pandava The imperial gazetteer of India quotes about which of the following places?
[A]Delhi
[B]Ghaziabad
[C]Meerut
[D]Faridabad
Answer [C] Meerut
6. “Revere all the Buddhas, revere the dharma, revere the sangha” Which among the following quotes
this _________?
[A]Allahabad Pillar Inscription
[B]Asoka Edict XII
[C]Asoka Edict X
[D]Mathura Lion capital
Answer [D] Mathura Lion capital
7. What was the capital of Surasena Mahajanpada?

[A]Viratnagar
[B]Mathura
[C]Taxila
[D]Kashi
Answer [B] Mathura
8. In which of the following Russo-Persian wars Russia was defeated?

[A]first
[B]second
[C]third
[D]none
Answer [D] none- There was a series of 4 Russo-Persian wars in 1722-23, 1796, 1804, 1826-28 and all of
the Russia was victorious.
9. World’s first oil paintings have been found in which of the following countries?
[A]India
[B]Pakistan
[C]Afghanistan
[D]Iran
Answer [C] Afghanistan
10. Begram in Afghanistan was a capital of which of the following kings?

[A]Kanishka
[B]Asoka
[C]Chandragupta Maurya
[D]Samudragupta
Answer [A] Kanishka
11. Which of the following state is the home to Bharat Dynasty?

[A] Punjab
[B] Haryana
[C] Gujarath
[D] Uttar Pradesh
Correct Answer: B [Haryana]
12. “Manas Khand” which is mentioned in various ancient hindu scriptures belongs to /refers to which of
the following modern states of India?
[A] Gujarath
[B] Punjab
[C] Himachal Pradesh

[D] Uttrakhand
Correct Answer: [D] Uttrakhand
13. Twang is an area in Arunanchal Pradesh in India, recently in news papers. It is world famous for which
of the following?
[A] India China Nathula Pass
[B] India’s largest Buddhist monastery
[C] Tibetan Museum
[D] School for Buddhist Studies
Correct Answer: B [India’s largest Buddhist monastery]
14. Ayodhya temples are located on the banks of which of the following rivers?
[A] Sarayu
[B] Ganga
[C] Yamuna
[D] Gomti
Correct Answer: A [Sarayu]
15. Which among the following statements is incorrect regarding Ajanta Caves?
[A] Paintings of Padmapani and Vajrapani have been found in Ajanta
[B] These caves are part of UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 1983
[C] These paintings are Buddhist, Jain and Hinduism religious art
[D] They were rediscovered in 1819
Correct Answer: C [These paintings are Buddhist, Jain and Hinduism religious art]
Explanation: They only have Buddhist paintings
16. During whose reign Gandhāran style of art flourished?

[A] Guptas
[B] Hunas
[C] Satavahanas
[D] Kushans
Correct Answer: D [Kushans]
17. Which among the following kingdom in South India was known for an excellent Navy ?
[A] Pandyas
[B] Cholas
[C] Pallavas
[D] Chalukyas
Correct Answer: B [Cholas]
18. Fourth Buddhist Council was held at?

[A] Kapilvastu
[B] Kashmir
[C] Sarnath
[D] Bodhgaya
Correct Answer: B [Kashmir]
Explanation: First Rajgir, Second vaishali, Third patliputra Fourth Buddhist Council is the name of two
separate Buddhist council meetings first in Sri Lanka and another at Sarvastivada school, in Kashmir
around the First Century AD.
19. During whose reign among the following the Mahayan emerged?
[A] Ashoka
[B] Kanishka
[C] Bimbisara
[D] Harsha
Correct Answer: B [Kanishka]
Explanation: Kanishka regarded Mahayana as his state religion. The state religion of Kanishka determined
preaching the divinity of Gautama Buddha
20. Hemis festival is dedicated to Lord Padmasambhava (Gur Rimpoche) venerated as the representative
reincarnate of Buddha. In which part of India, it is held every year?
[A] Himachal Pradesh
[B] Assam
[C] Ladakh
[D] Orissa
Correct Answer: C [Ladakh]
Explanation: The Hemis festival is dedicated to Lord Padmasambhava (Gur Rimpoche) venerated as the
representative reincarnate of Buddha. He is believed to have been born on the 10th day of the fifth month
of the Monkey year as predicted by the Shakia Muni Buddha
21. Which of the following dynasties was founded by Mayur Sarman?

[A] Gang
[B] Pallava
[C] Kadamba
[D] Chalukya
Correct Answer: C [Kadamba]
22. Who among the following granted permission to Buddhist King of Ceylon Meghavarman to build a
Monastery at Bodh Gaya?
[A] Chandra gupta Virkramaditya
[B] Samudra Gupta
[C] Skand Gupta
[D] Kumara Gupta
Correct Answer: B [Samudra Gupta]
23. Who among the following erected a monastery stupa at Peshawar?

[A] Asoka
[B] Kanishka
[C] Bimbisara
[D] Sri Gupta
24. The 13th Rock edict of Asoka which is longest among all the rock edicts describes which of the
following?
[A] Policy of Dhamma

[B] Kalinga war
[C] Toleration among sects
[D] Purpose of rock edicts
Correct Answer: B [Kalinga war]
Explanation: 13th Rock edict located in Orissa describes Kalinga war
25. Which pillar edict of Asoka is longest of all pillars?

[A] 2nd
[B] 5th
[C] 6th
[D] 7th
Correct Answer: D [7th]
Explanation: Seventh Pillar Edict mentions about Dhamma mahamattas
26. Which of the following religious text is written in the form of questions and answers?
[A] Vinaya Pitaka
[B] Sutta Pitaka
[C] Abhidhamma Pitaka
[D] Prakirnas
Correct Answer: C [Abhidhamma Pitaka]
27. In which of the following Buddhist Councils , the compilation of Dhamma Pitaka and Sutta Pitaka took
Place?
[A] 1st
[B] 2nd
[C] 3rd
[D] 4th
Correct Answer: A [1st]
Explanation: First Buddhist Council in 483 at Satparni caves near Rajgriha
28. Who among the following belonged to Sakya clan of Kshatriyas?

[A] Gautam Buddha
[B] Mahavir jain
[C] Chandragupta Maurya
[D] Rishabhnath
Correct Answer: A [Gautam Buddha]
29. Which among the following is a ritualistic Veda?

[A] Rigveda
[B] Yajurveda
[C] Samaveda
[D] Atharvaveda
Correct Answer: B [Yajurveda]
30. Painted Grey ware” was used in which of the following era?
[A] Early Vedic Era
[B] Later Vedic Era
[C] Harappan Era

[D] None of the above
Correct Answer: B [Later Vedic Era]
31. Which among the following was referred to as Buvan Chakshu in Early vedic era?
[A] Earth
[B] Fire
[C] Water
[D] Moon
Correct Answer: B [Fire]
32. Which of the following two towns of Indus valley Civilization were located on the bank of Ghagghar
River?
[A] Harappa & Rojari
[B] Harappa & Mohen jo Dero
[C] Kalibanga and Banwali
[D] Rangpur and Surkotda
Correct Answer: C [Kalibanga and Banwali]
33. Which of the following two towns of Indus valley Civilization were located on the bank of Ghagghar
River?
[A] Harappa & Rojari
[B] Harappa & Mohen jo Dero
[C] Kalibanga and Banwali
[D] Rangpur and Surkotda
Correct Answer: C [Kalibanga and Banwali]
34. We have read that the writing in the Indus valley Civilization was Boustrophedon. This means that
______?
[A] It was written left to right
[B] It was written right to left
[C] It was written left to right and right to left in alternate lines
[D] It was written up to down
Correct Answer: C [It was written left to right and right to left in alternate lines]
35. At which of the following harappan sites, an Inkpot has been discovered
[A] Harappa
[B] Lothal
[C] Kalibangan
[D] Chanhudaro
Correct Answer: D [Chanhudaro]
36. Kavi Vatsal was a title assumed by a king belonging to which of the following dynasties?
[A] Pushyabhuti
[B] Pallava
[C] Maurya
[D] Satavahana
Correct Answer: D [Satavahana]
Explanation: The name of the king is Hala who assumed the title of Kavivatsal
37. Which among the following is not correctly matched? (Maurya Kings and contemporary Travelers/
Ambassadors)
[A] Chandra Gupta Maurya – Megasthenes
[B] Bindusara – Deimakos
[C] Harshavardhana – Hiuen Tsang
[D] All are correct
Correct Answer: D [All are correct]
38. Which of the following was used in house making in Indus Valley Civilization?
[A] Stone
[B] Brics
[C] Wood
[D] Bamboo
Correct Answer: B [Brics]
39. Who was the founder of the Pala Dynasty of Bengal?

[A] Dharmapala
[B] Gopala
[C] Mahendrapala
[D] Mahipala
Correct Answer: B [Gopala]
40. Which of the following pala ruler founded the University of Vikramsila?
[A] Devapala,
[B] Mahipala I
[C] Dharamapala
[D] Gopala
Correct Answer: C [Dharamapala]
41. Which among the following pairs is NOT correctly matched? (Traveler – During reign of King)
[A] Megasthenes – Chandragupta Maurya
[B] Deimachos – Asoka
[C] Hsuan -Tsang – Harshavardhana
[D] Fa-Hien – Chandragupta II
Correct Answer: B [Deimachos – Asoka]
Explanation: Deimachos was a Greek ambassador who visited the court of Bindusara
42. Partha was the name of which of the following character in Mahabharta?
[A] Arjuna
[B] Bhima
[C] Krishna
[D] Yudhisthara
Correct Answer: A [Arjuna]
43. Saka Year is how many years behind the Christian Era?
[A] 50
[B] 75
[C] 78
[D] 100
Correct Answer: C [78]
44. Bagh caves near Gwalior represent the paintings of which of the following era?
[A] Maurya Era
[B] Gupta Era
[C] Kushana Era
[D] Rajput Era
Correct Answer: B [Gupta Era]
45. Nalanda University was founded by which of the following?

[A] Kumaragupta
[B] Skandagupta
[C] Samudragupta
Correct Answer: A [Kumaragupta]
46. Mudra Rakshas is a work of Vishakhadutta. This work was depicted which of the following?
[A] Chadragupta Maurya & Dhruva Devi
[B] Mauryas & Nandas
[C] Campaigns of Chandragupta Maurya
[D] Campaigns of Ashoka
Correct Answer: B [Mauryas & Nandas]
47. Who among the following is famous for saving the empire from the Huna tribe, which had overran
Asia and Europe.
[A] Samudra Gupta
[B] Chandra Gupta II
[C] Skandagupta
Correct Answer: C [Skandagupta]
48. The ancient city of Raj Griha which is modern Rajgir near Patna was built by which of the following
kings?
[A] Bimbisara
[B] Ajatshatru
[C] Prasenjit
[D] Ashoka
Correct Answer: A [Bimbisara]
49. “The greatest law giver” of ancient India was who among the following?
[A] Banabhatta
[B] Kautilya
[C] Manu
[D] Chanukya
Correct Answer: C [Manu]
50. Which of the following was an Indian sage cum Guru and is said to have transmitted Tantric Buddhism
to Bhutan and Tibet in the 8th century?
[A] Asanga
[B] Nagarjuna
[C] Padmasambhava
[D] Mahavir
Correct Answer: C [Padmasambhava]
51. Which among the following is Not correctly matched?

[A] Takshshila – Gandhar
[B] Viratanagara – Matsya
[C] Sursen – Kausambi
[D] All are correct
Correct Answer: C [Sursen – Kausambi]
Explanation: Sursen was capital of Mathura and Capital of Kausambi was Vatsa
52. Which among the following is not correctly Matched?

[A] Wife of prophet Mohammed – Khadija
[B] Daughter of Prophet Mohammad – Fatima
[C] Place where prophet Mohammed Buried – Mecca
[D] All are correct
Correct Answer: C [Place where prophet Mohammed Buried – Mecca]
Explanation: prophet Mohammed was buried at Madina
53. Amarsimha whose work Amarkosha is related to which of the following?

[A] Poetry
[B] Lexicography
[C] Grammar
[D] wars
Correct Answer: B [Lexicography]
54. Who was the creator of Ravanabadha?

[A] Kalidasa
[B] Bhatrahari
[C] Batsabhatti
Correct Answer: C [Batsabhatti]
55. What was the meaning of Visthi in the Gupta Era?

[A] Religious Functionaries
[B] Forced Labor
[C] Prostitutes
[D] Police
Correct Answer: B [Forced Labor]
56. Which school of art is also called as mature School?

[A] Keshena School
[B] Andhra School
[C] Arafat School

[D] Mathura school
Correct Answer: A [Keshena School]
57. Which among the following is true?
[A] the gold coins issued by Guptas were having more Gold Content than Kushanas
[B] The gold coins issued by Kushana were having more Gold content than Guptas
[C] Both were having the same fraction of Gold
Correct Answer: B [The gold coins issued by Kushana were having more Gold content than Guptas]
58. Gandhar Kingdom of Later vedic phase was mostly located at which of the following places?
[A] Afghanistan
[B] Rawalpindi and Peshawar districts of Pakistan
[C] Kashmir
[D] Harappa
Correct Answer: B [Rawalpindi and Peshawar districts of Pakistan]
59. In which of the following marriages in Vedic era, a girl was given by her father to the sacrificial priest
in as a part of fee or Dakshina?
[A] Brahma marriage
[B] Daiva Marriage
[C] Gandharva Marriage
Correct Answer: B [Daiva Marriage]
60. Who among the following was the most important divinity during the early Vedic era?
[A] Agni
[B] Indra
[C] Vayu
[D] Varuna
Correct Answer: B [Indra]
61. The famous Gayatri mantra is addressed to which of the following vedic goddess?
[A] Aditi
[B] Saraswati
[C] Savitri
[D] Laxmi
Correct Answer: C [Savitri]
62. Which among the following is Incorrect regarding the early Vedic religion?
[A] They didn’t believe in Idol worship and believed in one supreme god indeed
[B] The Vedic god were classified into three categories- Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Celestial
[C] The people used to worship of spiritual reasons
Correct Answer: C [The people used to worship of spiritual reasons]
Explanation: They used to worship for welfare of praja and pashu
63. The regions where the Aryans settled in India was called Saptasindhu , which was pronounced as
haptahindu as well. What was the other term used for this area?
[A] Mahabharata
[B] Aryavarta
[C] Pataliputra
[D] Brahmavarta
Correct Answer: D [Brahmavarta]
64. Which among the following is incorrect about Devdasis?

[A] According to Paes, devdasis held a highly respectable position in Vijayanagar society
[B] Devdasis system came into existence during vijaynagar era only
[C] Devdasis means the girls were married to deities
[D] All are correct
Correct Answer: B [Devdasis system came into existence during vijaynagar era only]
65. which among the following sentence is incorrect about Rajadhiraja Chola I?
[A] He was a born fighter son of Rajendra Chola I
[B] He died in the battle of Koppan fighting with Chalukyas
[C] He assumed the title of Parakesari
[D] All are correct
Correct Answer: C [He assumed the title of Parakesari]
Explanation: Parakesari and Yuddhamalla were the titles of Rajendra 1 Rajadhiraja Chola assumed the
title of Rajakesari
66. Which among the following are correct about Chola King Rajendra Chola1?
[A] He built a temple for Siva at Gangaikonda Cholapuram
[B] He also built Tanjore Brihadisvara temple
[C] He built Tanjore Brihadisvara temple for a tribute to his father
Correct Answer: A [He built a temple for Siva at Gangaikonda Cholapuram]
Explanation: Tanjore Brihadisvara temple was created by father of Rajendra Chola-1 , Rajraja-1
67. Meander who was an Indo Greek king accepted which of the following religion?
[A] Janism
[B] Buddhism
[C] Jainism
[D] Islam
Correct Answer: B [Buddhism]
Explanation: Before becoming a Buddhist, Menander (an Indo-Greek king) asked Nagasena many
questions relating to Buddhism.These questions and Nagasena’s answers are recorded in a form of book
known as ‘Milindapanho (or The Questions of Milinda).
68. Which among the following is incorrect regarding Kushanas?

[A] They originated from Central Asia
[B] They were derivative of Yuezhi tribe
[C] The Ancestors of Kushanas were easternmost speakers of Indo-Greek languages
[D] All are correct
Correct Answer: C [The Ancestors of Kushanas were easternmost speakers of Indo-Greek languages]
Explanation: As per the Chinese sources, the Kushanas (mentioned in Chinese texts as Guishuang) were
one of the 5 tribes of Yueh-Chi or Yuezhi. Kushanas were also known as Tocharians. They were nomadic
tribes and easternmost speakers of the Indo-Europeans Languages which were called “Tocharian
languages”.
69. Who among the following is considered to organize a confederacy of 10 tribes or Kings against Sudas?
[A] Vashishta
[B] Vishawamitra
[C] Puru
[D] Agatsya
Correct Answer: B [Vishawamitra]
Explanation: The battle of ten kings was fought between Sudas, a Bharata king of the Tritsu family and
the confederacy of ten well-known tribes- Puru, Yadu, Turvasa, Anu, Druhyu, Alina, Paktha, Bhalanas,
Shiva and Vishanin. In the bloody and decisive battle on the banks of River Purushni, the Bharatas emerged
victorious. The reason behind the war is the rivalry between Vishwamitra and Vasishtha.
70. The earliest epigraphic evidence for the existence of the Bhagavata cult is found in Madhya Pradesh
which is the Garuda pillar inscription of Besnagar. It was erected by whom?
[A] Heliodorus
[B] Vijayamitra
[C] Kanishka
[D] Ashoka
Correct Answer: A [Heliodorus]
71. During the reign of which of the following some Yavans’ or Greeks were converted to the Vaishnava
Cult?
[A] Shungas
[B] Nandas
[C] Shakas
[D] Satavahans
Correct Answer: A [Shungas]
72. In which of the following the philosophical and spiritual thoughts are contained?
[A] Vinaya Pitak
[B] Suddha Pitak
[C] Abhidhamma Pitak
Correct Answer: C [Abhidhamma Pitak]
73. Nigashtha, Natputra, Nirgranth & Saatputra are various names of which of the following?
[A] Mahavira
[B] Gautam Buddha
[C] Chandra gupta Vikramaditya
[D] Ashoka
Correct Answer: A [Mahavira]
74. The three sangams were organized under the chairmanship of which of the following?
[A] Rishi Agastya, Nakkirar, Rishi Agastya
[B] Rishi Agastya, Rishi Agastya & Nakkirar
[C] Nakkirar, Rishi Agastya, Rishi Agastya
Correct Answer: B [Rishi Agastya, Rishi Agastya & Nakkirar]
75. Who among the following was last satavahana ruler?

[A] Simukha
[B] Krishna
[C] Yagnashathkarni
[D] Pulomavi
Correct Answer: C [Yagnashathkarni]
76. Which of the following group represents right combination of Triratnas of Jainism?
[A] Right Faith, Right Knowledge, Right Thought
[B] Right Thought, Right Action, Right Conduct
[C] Right Faith, Right Knowledge , Right Conduct
Correct Answer: C [Right Faith, Right Knowledge, Right Conduct]
77. Katyotsarga pose is a gesture of which of the following

[A] Vishnu
[B] Shiva
[C] Mahavira
[D] Gautam Buddha
Correct Answer: D [Gautam Buddha]
78. Mehrgarh in the Indus valley civilization is known for which of the following?
[A] Red sandstone
[B] Terracotta Cart
[C] Copper Rhinoceros
Correct Answer: B [Terracotta Cart]
Explanation: Red Sandstone- MohenjoDero Copper Rhinoceros-diamabad
79. Nude male torso has been found at which of the following place?
[A] Mehergarh
[B] MohanJodro
[C] Harappa
[D] Lothal
Correct Answer: C [Harappa]
80. What were the names of Asoka’s mother, wife & daughter?
[A] Mahadevi, Subhadrangi, Sanghmitra
[B] Subhadrangi, Mahadevi, Sanghmitra
[C] Mahadevi, Sanghamitra, Subhadrangi
81. What was the correct rank of” Baladhikarana” in the Gupta Age?
[A] Head of Army
[B] Head of State Police Department
[C] Head of cavalry
[D] Head of intelligence
Correct Answer: A [Head of Army]
82. The Taxila or Takshashila was located between following two rivers?
[A] Indus & Jhelum
[B] Jhelum & Chenab
[C] Chenab & Ravi
[D] Chenab & Beas
Correct Answer: A [Indus & Jhelum]
83. Which of the following place of Andhra Pradesh is well known for a Buddhist Stupa?
[A] Amaravati
[B] Srikakulam
[C] Rajahmundry
[D] Chittoor
Correct Answer: A [Amaravati]
Explanation: Amravati, is known as Dhanyakataka/Dharanikota was the site of a great Buddhist Stupa
built in pre-Mauryan times
84. Giak & Kiari are located in which of the following?

[A] Ladakh
[B] Orissa
[C] Kuchh
[D] Assam
Correct Answer: A [Ladakh]
Explanation: Giak & Kiari are located in Ladakh. They are examples of Neolithic sites
85. Navanitakam is a work on which of the following?

[A] Architecture
[B] Medicine
[C] Astrology
[D] Maths
Correct Answer: B [Medicine]
86. During the reign of Guptas in North India, who were their contemporaries in South India?
[A] Cholas
[B] Rasthrakutas
[C] Satvahanas
[D] Kakatiyas
Correct Answer: B [Rasthrakutas]
87. The following were the immediate successors of imperial Mauryas?

[A] Pandyas
[B] Kushans
[C] Nandas
[D] Sungas
Correct Answer: D [Sungas]
88. Who has written the biography of harshavardhana?

[A] Banbhatta
[B] Harsha Himself
[C] Kalhana
[D] Kalidasa
Correct Answer: A [Banbhatta]
89. Madurai was a capital of which of the following dynasties?

[A] Pandyas
[B] Pallavas
[C] Cholas
[D] Cheras
Correct Answer: A [Pandyas]
90. Which of the following authorities lays down a priority of inheritance which places the wife, followed
by daughters immediately after sons?
[A] Brihaspati
[B] Yajnavalkya
[C] Narada
Correct Answer: B [Yajnavalkya]
Explanation: Yajnavalkya lists widow after son and daughters following her in case of no son
91. The meaning of Mohenjo dero is ‘mound of the dead’. The same meaning is expressed by which of the
following names?
[A] Harappa
[B] Lothal
[C] Amri
[D] Kalibangan
Correct Answer: B [Lothal]
92. Charak was a contemporary of which of the following Kings?

[A] Chandra Gupta Maurya
[B] Kanishka
[C] Ashoka
[D] Akbar
Explanation: Some of the scholars in the Court of Kanishka were Parsva, Vasumitra, Asvaghosa,
Nagarjuna, Charaka and Mathara. Charaka has been called the Court Physician of Kanishka, though it is
very much disputed.
93. In which of the following age human shifted from food gathering stage to food producing stage ?
[A] Paleolithic age
[B] Neolithic age
[C] Mesolithic age

Correct Answer: B [Neolithic age]
94. Queen Trishala was the name of mother of ________ ?

[A] Mahavira
[B] Gautam Buddha
[C] Kanishka
[D] Ashoka
Correct Answer: A [Mahavira]
95. Kumarila Bhatta, who was a Hindu philosopher and scholar from Prayag, was an acharya of which of
the following?
[A] Mimansa
[B] Samkhya
[C] Vedanata
Correct Answer: A [Mimansa]
96. Kumārasambhava is an Sanskrit epic poem written by Kalidasa. It literally means birth of Kumara. Who
was Kumara in this epic?
[A] Kartikeya
[B] Abhimanyu
[C] Sanatahkumara
[D] Arjuna
Correct Answer: A [Kartikeya]
97. Which was the second capital of Kanishka?

[A] Mathura
[B] Sanchi
[C] Banaras
[D] Pataliputra
Correct Answer: A [Mathura]
Explanation: Kanishka’s main capital was at Peshawar (Purushpura) and regional capitals is at Taxila in
Pakistan, Begram in Afghanistan and Mathura in India. Mathura had a status of almost a second capital.
98. What is the meaning of kalibangan in Rajasthan which shows the prehistoric and pre-Mauryan
character of Indus Valley Civilization?
[A] Black River
[B] Black Bangles
[C] Black forest
[D] Black land
Correct Answer: B [Black Bangles]
99. The Jivaka which is mentioned in Buddhist literature was one among the following ?
[A] Mercchant
[B] King
[C] Physician
[D] Police
Correct Answer: C [Physician]
Explanation: Jivaka is the name of doctor during Buddha’s time
100. The bilingual Inscriptions of Asoka involved which of the following two languages?
[A] Brahmi & Aramaic
[B] Brahmi, Greek & Aramaic
[C] Brahmi & hieroglyphics
Correct Answer: B [Brahmi, Greek & Aramaic]
Explanation: Asoka used 4 scripts The scripts used for the Prakrit inscriptions were Brahmi and Kharoshthi,
and for the others, Greek and Aramaic
101. Which of the following was a common way of Chola kings Raj raja-1 and Rajendra 1 to commemorate
their victories?
[A] Erecting Pillars
[B] Erecting Temples
[C] Erecting inscriptions
[D] issuing coins
Correct Answer: B [Erecting Temples]
102. Which among the following is related to history of Kashmir?

[A] Rajatarangini
[B] Ashokavadana
[C] Vikramorvashiyam
[D] Arthashastra
Correct Answer: A [Rajatarangini]
103. What was the job of Rupadarshaka in Mauryan Era as per Arthashashtra of Kautilya?
[A] Royal examiner of minted coins
[B] Royal Superintendent of Courtesans
[C] Manager of the Stage
[D] Police
Correct Answer: A [Royal examiner of minted coins]
104. Which among the following has been used in the sculptures of Mathura school of Art?
[A] Redsand stone
[B] Marble
[C] Granite
[D] Clay
Correct Answer: A [Redsand stone]
105. Who among the following assumed the title of ” Mahendraditya”?

[A] Chandra Gupta II
[B] Kumaragupta I
[C] Bhanugupta
[D] Samudragupta
Correct Answer: B [Kumaragupta I]
106. Which among the following is not Correctly matched?

[A] Milinda Panho – Buddhism
[B] Tatwarthadhigam – Vaishnavism
[C] Mahapurana – Jainism
[D] All are correct
Correct Answer: B [Tatwarthadhigam – Vaishnavism]
Explanation: Tatwarthadhigam is of Jainism composed by Uma Swami
107. Which among the following is Not Correctly matched? (Vedas & Brahman)
[A] kaushitaki – Rigveda
[B] Jaiminia – Samveda
[C] Gopatha – Yajurveda
[D] All are correct
Correct Answer: C [Gopatha – Yajurveda]
Explanation: Gopatha is a Brahman of Atharvaveda
108. Which among the following is NOT correct?

[A] The picture of Yogi is found in many Muhar in Harppa which who has three heads and sits in crossed
legs indicating Shiva Worship
[B] The people of Harappa didn’t believe in Witchcraft
[C] The dogs and cats were the favorite domesticated animals of Harppan people
[D] All are correct
Correct Answer: B [The people of Harappa didn’t believe in Witchcraft]
Explanation: A lot of talismans made of bronze and copper have been found which indicate that People
of Harappa believe in witchcrafts and dead souls
109. Who among the following is seemed to have known the importance of zero?
[A] Bhaskaracharya
[B] Aryabhatta
[C] Budhayana
[D] chanukya
Correct Answer: A [Bhaskaracharya]
110. Which among the following is Not Correctly matched?

[A] Maurya Empire – Chandragupta Maurya
[B] Shunga Dynasty – Pushyamitra Shunga
[C] Satvahana Dynasty – Gautamiputra satkarni
[D] All are correct
Correct Answer: C [Satvahana Dynasty – Gautamiputra satkarni]
Explanation: The founder of Satvahana Dynasty was Simuk and not Gautamaiputra Satakarni
111. Which of the following places is known for painted rock shelters belonging to Paleolithic and
Mesolithic ages?
[A] Utnur
[B] Uyyur
[C] Bhimbetka
[D] Bairath
Correct Answer: C [Bhimbetka]
112. Sarnath is associated with which aspect of Buddha’s life?

[A] Birth
[B] Residence
[C] First sermon
[D] Death
Correct Answer: C [First sermon]
Explanation: Buddha gave his first sermon at the Sarnath which is known as “Dhammachakra Parivartan”
113. Which Buddhist council was held during the reign of Kanishka?
[A] 1st
[B] 2nd
[C] 3rd
[D] 4th
Correct Answer: D [4th]
Explanation: The Fourth Buddhist Council was held at Kundalvana, Kashmir in 72 AD under the patronage
of Kushan king Kanishka and the president of this council was Vasumitra, with Aśvaghosa as his deputy.
This council distinctly divided the Buddhism into 2 sects Mahayan & Hinayan.
114. After death of Bindusara, who among the following is considered to help Asoka to capture the
throne?
[A] Vishnugupta
[B] Radhagupta
[C] Tishya
[D] Bairam khan
Correct Answer: B [Radhagupta]
115. Shatapatha Brahmana belongs to which of the following Vedas?

[A] Krishna Yajurveda
[B] Shukla Yajurveda
[C] Rigveda
[D] Samaveda
Correct Answer: B [Shukla Yajurveda]
116. Kena Upanishad is of which of the following Vedas?

[A] Rig Veda
[B] Samaveda
[C] Yajurveda
[D] Atharva veda
Correct Answer: B [Samaveda]
Explanation: “Ken” literally means ‘by whom’. It belongs to the Talavakara Brahmana of Sama Veda and
is therefore also referred to as Talavakara Upanishad.
117. Four Noble Truths are one of the most fundamental truths of which of the following religion?
[A] Jainism
[B] Buddhism
[C] Islam
[D] Hinduism
Correct Answer: B [Buddhism]
Explanation: There are four noble truths of Buddhism:

a. The world is full of sorrow
b. Desire is the cause of sorrow
c. If desire is conquered all sorrow is won over
d. Desire can be conquered by following eight-fold paths (Ashtangirka Marg)
118. Which river was called Vipasa in Vedic India?

[A] Ganga
[B] Jhelum
[C] Beas
[D] Indus
Correct Answer: C [Beas]
119. Which among the following philosophy deals with Logic?

[A] Yoga
[B] Samkhya
[C] Nyaya
Correct Answer: C [Nyaya]
120. Gopatha Brahman is a part of which of the following Vedas?

[A] Rigveda
[B] Yajurveda
[C] Samaveda
[D] Atharva veda
Correct Answer: D [Atharva veda]
121. Brahma Sutra of Badrayan are the logical point of starting of which of the following philosophies?
[A] Vaisheshika
[B] Nyaya
[C] Vedanta
Correct Answer: C [Vedanta]
122. ” Karmara” in the vedic age was referred to the people occupied with the profession of ______?
[A] Blacksmith
[B] Potter
[C] Ratha (Chariot) Makers
[D] Goldsmith
Correct Answer: A [Blacksmith]
123. In Vedic age which among the following grains was referred as vrihi?
[A] Barley
[B] Wheat
[C] Rice
[D] Maize
Correct Answer: C [Rice]
124. Which among the following was the most important grain grown in the vedic Age?
[A] Wheat
[B] Barley
[C] Maize
[D] Rice
Correct Answer: B [Barley]
125. which among the following Brahman provides details of cultivation process?
[A] Aitarey
[B] kaushitaki
[C] satpatha
Correct Answer: C [satpatha]
126. Which among the following have been proved to be the best source of info regarding ancient India?
[A] Religious literature
[B] inscriptions
[C] coins
[D] monumnets
Correct Answer: B [inscriptions]
127. Who among the following is compiled the work ” Ravanavadham”?

[A] Bhatti
[B] Kalidasa
[C] Bhasa
[D] Banabhatta
Correct Answer: A [Bhatti]
128. Which among the following is the most important work of Tamil Literature of Sangam Period
(sometimes also referred as Bible of the Tamil land)?
[A] Thirukkural
[B] Purananuru
[C] Malaipatukatam
Correct Answer: A [Thirukkural]
Explanation: Thiruvalluvar was the author of the book ‘Tirukkural (also known as the Kural). It is a classic
Tamil sangam literature consisting of 1330 couplets or Kurals. The book is also called as the fifth Veda or
‘Bible of the Tamil Land’.
129. Who among the following is said to have crossed the Vindhyas in the later Vedic age and aryanise
the south ?
[A] Parashara
[B] Agatsya
[C] Jamadagni
[D] Vasistha
Correct Answer: B [Agatsya]
130. The capital of Chola empire was Thanjavur (Tanjore), where Brihadeshwara temple was constructed
by ___________?
[A] Rajednra Chola I
[B] Rajaraja Chola I
[C] Krishnan Raman
[D] Venkata Raman
Correct Answer: B [Rajaraja Chola I]
Explanation: Brihadeeswarar Temple or Peruvudaiyar Kovil or Rajrajeshwaram temple at Thanjavur is the
world’s first complete “granite” temple. It was built by Rajraja Chola-I and is a part of UNESCO’s world
Heritage sites. The Vimana or the temple tower (known as Raja Gopuram) is 216 Feet in height and is one
of the tallest buildings of its kind. The Nandi is carved out of a single rock. This temple has completed 1
millennium in 2010. It was dictated by lord Shiva to Rajraja Chola I, when he triumphed Ilam (Sri Lanka)
Island.
131. Which among the following place is related to coronation of Chola Kings?
[A] Tanjaur
[B] Vellur
[C] Chidambaram
[D] Madras
Correct Answer: C [Chidambaram]
132. Who among the following has been described by Banabhatta as “a lion to the Huna deer’?
[A] Harshavardhana
[B] Prabhakarvardhana
[C] Grahavarmana
Correct Answer: B [Prabhakarvardhana]
Explanation: An important ruling family to gain prominence after the fall of the Gupta was that of the
Pushyabhutis who had their capital at Thanesar (Thanesvara in Kurukshetra). The dynasty became
influential with the accession of Prabhakarvardhana, who was able to defeat the Hunas and strengthen
his position in the regions of Punjab and Haryana. After his death, his elder son Rajyavardhana came to
the throne but he was treacherously killed by Shashanka, the king of Bengal and Bihar. Harshavardhana
then ascended the throne in AD 606. He was only sixteen years of age at that time. Still he proved himself
to be a great warrior and an able administrator
133. Aihole is called the cradle of Indian temple architecture. Which among the following dynasty is
related to the construction of magnificent temples in Aihole?
[A] Chalukya
[B] Chola
[C] Chera
Correct Answer: A [Chalukya]
134. In ancient India, which dynasty issued the largest number of Gold coins?
[A] Guptas
[B] Mauryas
[C] Cholas
[D] Nandas
Correct Answer: A [Guptas]
135. In which period of the Indian History , the number zero as well as decimal system were invented?
[A] Gupta
[B] Maurya
[C] Nanda
[D] Chedi
Correct Answer: A [Gupta]
136. ‘Saptanga’ Theory which deals with the 7 limbs (sapta anga) of ancient political structure was
propounded by ?
[A] Manu
[B] Kautily
[C] Panini
[D] Bhaskara
Correct Answer: B [Kautily]
Explanation: Saptanga theory of state was given by Kautilya in Arthashashtra. The seven limbs are King,
Amatya (Bureaucrats) , Janapada (territory), Durga (Fort), Kosa (Treasure), Danda (coercive authority) and
Mitra (ally).
137. Narasimhavarman-I was one of the most famous Tamil kings of the Pallava dynasty who ruled South
India and founded Mahabalipuram. His another name is _______?
[A] Mamalla
[B] Mahedravarman
[C] Apapar
Correct Answer: A [Mamalla]
138. Mahabalipuram was a port city of which of the following dynasties?

[A] Chola
[B] Pallava
[C] Chalukya
[D] Kakatiya
Correct Answer: B [Pallava]
139. Chandella Kings are related to which of the following temples?

[A] Khajuraho
[B] Hampi
[C] Mahabalipuram
[D] Ajanta
Correct Answer: A [Khajuraho]
140. Konark Temples are related to which of the following dynasties ?

[A] Pratihara
[B] Pallavas
[C] Chandelas
[D] Cholas
Correct Answer: A [Pratihara]
141. The ancient places of Badami, Dwarasamudra and Warangal are related to which of the following
dynasties?
[A] Chalukyas, Hoysalas, Kaktiyas
[B] Cholas, Hoysalas, Kaktiyas
[C] Pallavas, Hoysalas, Kaktiyas
Correct Answer: A [Chalukyas, Hoysalas, Kaktiyas]
142. Sankara is related to which of the following?

[A] Advaita Philosophy
[B] Samkhya Philosophy
[C] Nyaya Philosophy
[D] Dharma Philosophy
Correct Answer: A [Advaita Philosophy]
143. Who among the following is propounded of Madhyamika Philosophy?

[A] Sankara
[B] Nagarjuna
[C] Basava
Correct Answer: B [Nagarjuna]
144. Who among the following king is related to Repair of Sudarsana Lake?
[A] Rudradaman
[B] Gautmi Putra Satkarni
[C] Kharavela
[D] Ashoka
Correct Answer: A [Rudradaman]
Explanation: The Junagarh Rock Inscription mentions that the Saka ruler Rudradaman (150-151 BC) had
taken up the task of restoration of lake Sudarsana.
145. Which among the following comprises ” Code of Laws” ?

[A] Sutras
[B] Manu smruthi
[C] Vedas
[D] Up Vedas
Correct Answer: B [Manu smruthi]
146. ”Kaviraja” or King of poets was a title of _________?

[A] Chandra Gupta Maurya
[B] Samudra Gupta
[C] Skand Gupta
[D] Ashoka
Correct Answer: B [Samudra Gupta]
147. Algebra was invented by which of the following Ancient Indian Mathematicians?
[A] Bhaskara
[B] Aryabhatta
[C] Medhatithi
Correct Answer: B [Aryabhatta]
148. Battle of the Hydaspes was fought between Alexander and King Porus in 326 BC. Hydapses means
which river________?
[A] Jelum
[B] Indus
[C] Beas
[D] Ravi
Correct Answer: A [Jelum]
Explanation: Alexander invaded India in 326 BC. In 326 BC, the Battle of Hydaspes was fought between
Alexender the great and Porus along the banks of Haydaspes river( Jhelum river) in Punjab. Porus, the
King of Paurava, ruled the area between the rivers Hydaspes (modern Jhelum) and Acesines (Chenab).
Though, Porus was defeated, Alexendar was impressed by Porus’s might so asked Porus to rule his dynasty
under his name.
149. What was used normally in the construction of Roya Houses during Mauryan period?
[A] Wood
[B] Mud & Lime
[C] Burnt Bricks
Correct Answer: A [Wood]
150. Gandhar art is a combination of ____________ ?

[A] Indian Style + Greek Style
[B] Greek Style + Kushan Style
[C] Indian Style + Kushan Style
[D] Indian Style + Persian Style
Correct Answer: C [Indian Style + Kushan Style]
151. Evidence of a game which was very similar to chess was found at which of the following sites at Indus
valley civilization?
[A] Harappa
[B] Lothal
[C] Mohen Jo dero
[D] Kalibangan
152. There is no evidence of cultivation of which among the Barley, Sugarcane, Rice & Field pea at any of
the sites of the Indus valley?
[A] Sugarcane, Rice & Field pea
[B] Rice & Field pea
[C] Sugarcane Only

[D] Rice only
Correct Answer: C [Sugarcane Only]
153. Which among the following is best example of Vijaynagar Art?

[A] Hampi
[B] Pattadakal
[C] Amaravati
[D] Puri
Correct Answer: A [Hampi]
154. Fa-Hien who came to visit India during Gupta Period had the main motive of ___________?
[A] Establish trade relations between India and China
[B] Write a book on the life of Indian People
[C] Study the teachings of Gautam Buddha
[D] To spread Buddhism
Correct Answer: C [Study the teachings of Gautam Buddha]
155. Which among the following sites gives an evidence of maritime trade in harappan era?
[A] Mohen-jo dero
[B] Lothal
[C] Kalibangan
[D] Harappa
156. Devichandraguptam was a work of _________?

[A] Vishakhadatta
[B] Dandin
[C] Bharavi
[D] Kalidas
Correct Answer: A [Vishakhadatta]
157. The Royal seal of Guptas bore the emblem of _________?

[A] Hasti (Elephant)
[B] Mayura ( Peacock)
[C] Garuda (Eagle)
[D] Tiger
Correct Answer: C [Garuda (Eagle)]
158. Milinda-Panho is a pali text which record discussion between Milinda and Nagsena. Milinda was a
________?
[A] Satvahan King
[B] Shunga King
[C] Indo Greek Ruler
[D] Nanda king
Correct Answer: C [Indo Greek Ruler]
159. Kharvela who constructed caves in the Udaigri for jain Monks was a ruler belonging to which dynasty?
[A] Cheti
[B] Satavahana
[C] Shunga
[D] Nanda
Correct Answer: A [Cheti]
160. The railings of the Sanchi Stupa were made during?

[A] Maurya Period
[B] Sunga Period
[C] Kushana Period
[D] Gupta Period
Correct Answer: B [Sunga Period]
161. Which among the following was main item of revenue during Maurya Period?
[A] Bhaga
[B] Pindikara
[C] Hiranya
Correct Answer: A [Bhaga]
Explanation: Bhaga (it was main item of revenue levied @ 1/4 to 1/6 of crop
162. In which of the following works is mentioned the conspiracy hatched by Pushyamitra Shunga to
eliminate the last Mauryan King Brihadratha?
[A] Mahabhasya of patanjali
[B] Rajtarangini of Kalhan
[C] Harshacharita of Baanbhatta
[D] Malvikagnimitra of Kalidasa
Correct Answer: C [Harshacharita of Baanbhatta]
163. King Prasenjita was a contemporary and friend of Lord Buddha. He was a king of ________?
[A] Kasi
[B] Kosal
[C] Anga
[D] Magdha
Correct Answer: B [Kosal]
164. Which among the following is true about Buddha?

[A] He accepted existence of God
[B] He didn’t accept existence of God
[C] He neither accepted nor rejected the existence of god
Correct Answer: C [He neither accepted nor rejected the existence of god]
165. In which of the following modern State, most of the 24 Tirthankar of Jainism attained nirvana?
[A] Bihar
[B] Uttar Pradesh
[C] Rajasthan
[D] Odisha
Correct Answer: A [Bihar]
166. Which among the following Mahajanpada was located on the junction of two famous ancient Indian
Trade routes – Uttarpatha and Dakshinpatha?
[A] Matsya
[B] Surasena
[C] Avanti
[D] Anga
Correct Answer: B [Surasena]
167. Earth, Water, Fire, Air, and Ether (sky) these are the panchtatvas (5 elements) and when they
combine they give rise to new objects. This is a principle of which of the Vedic philosophies?
[A] Sankhya
[B] Yoga
[C] Vaisheshika
[D] Advita
Correct Answer: C [Vaisheshika]
168. Which among the following system in the Vedic Age has provided for a marriage of a childless widow
with the brother of blood relation of her deceased husband for the sake of progeny ?
[A] Amaju
[B] Niyoga
[C] Arsa
[D] none of the above
Correct Answer: B [Niyoga]
169. Which among the following veda has been described as “Braham Veda”?
[A] Rigveda
[B] Samaveda
[C] Yajurveda
[D] Atharavaveda
Correct Answer: D [Atharavaveda]
170. “Gayatri Mantra” has been mentioned in which of the Vedas?

[A] Rigveda
[B] Samaveda
[C] Yajurveda
[D] Atharvaveda
Correct Answer: A [Rigveda]
Explanation: Gayatri Mantra comes from the third Mandala of the Rigveda. This Mandala has 62 hymns,
mainly to Agni and Indra. It is one of the “family books” (mandalas 2-7), the oldest core of the Rigveda.
This Mandala also mentions Kikats, a non-Aryan tribe, which most scholars agree that was resident of
somewhere in near Magadha in modern Bihar.
171. Bhimbethka in Madhya Pradesh is an ancient Indian site where art prehistoric age are found
preserved in rock-shelters. These arts belong to:
1. Paleolithic age
2. Mesolithic age
3. Chalcolithic age
Choose the correct option:
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 1 & 2
[C] Only 2 & 3
[D] 1,2 & 3
Correct Answer: D [1,2 & 3]
172. Which among the following are directly linked to Vedic Literature:
1. Dharamasutra
2. Acaranga Sutra
3. Avatamsaka Sutra
[A] Only 1
[B] 1 & 2
[C] 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Correct Answer: A [Only 1]
173. Which among the following was / were the reasons behind the Rise of Magadha as imperial power
in Ancient India:
1. Strategic position surrounded by five hills and aggressive policy of rulers
2. Rich and fertile zone with good communication channels
3. Association with Buddhism and Gautam Buddha
[A] Only 1
[B] 1 & 2
[C] 2 & 3
[D] 1,2 & 3
Correct Answer: B [1 & 2]
174. Consider the following statements:

1. The abundant female images suggest that goddesses played a central role in the Indus Valley
civilization
2. Female God Figurine were abundant but male rare in the Chalcolithic communities
Which among the above statements is / are correct?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: C [Both 1 & 2]
175. In context with the “Village Headman” of Gupta Era in ancient India, consider the following
statements:
1. The Village headman used to manage the village daily affairs with the consent of the King
2. No land transaction could be effected without the consent of the Village headman

[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: B [Only 2]
Explanation: First statement is incorrect because, they used to manage village affairs with the consent of
elders of the village
176. In which year, collector in each District of Bengal was made responsible for settling the revenue and
collecting it?
[A] 1780
[B] 1786
[C] 1790
[D] 1792
Correct Answer: B [1786]

1. The rebels in the revolt 1857 had no clear perspective
2. Many leaders of the revolt were defeated because of betrayal
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
178. The Pasupati seal, discovered at Mohenjodaro archaeological site by Sir John Marshall, which has
given rise to the Proto-Shiva theory, has the following characteristics:
1. Yogic Posture in possibly Hath Yoga
2. Surrounded by animals
3. Sitting on a lotus
[A] Only 1
[B] 1 & 2
[C] 2 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Correct Answer: B [1 & 2]
Explanation: Figure is sitting on throne and the sitting posture is referred as lotus posture
179. At which among the following places, Harshavardhana established a large Buddhist monastery?
[A] Nalanda
[B] Pataliputra
[C] Vaishali
[D] Nasik
Correct Answer: A [Nalanda]
180. During the period of Harshavardhana the fields were watered by the pots which were called Ghati
yantra. The writing of which among the following authors records this?
[A] Hiuen-tsang
[B] Subhandhu
[C] Dandin
[D] Banabhatta
Correct Answer: A [Hiuen-tsang]
181. Savatthi was capital of which among the 16 Mahajanpadas?

[A] Kasi
[B] Kosala
[C] Matsya
[D] Anga
Correct Answer: B [Kosala]
182. Which among the following Buddhist Canon is related to dealing with rules for monks and nuns ?
[A] Vinaya Pitaka
[B] Sutta Pitaka
[C] Abhidhamma Pitaka
Correct Answer: A [Vinaya Pitaka]
Explanation: Tripitaka or Three Baskets is a traditional term used for various Buddhist scriptures. It is
known as pali Canon in English. The three pitakas are Sutta Pitaka, Vinaya Pitaka and Abhidhamma Pitaka.
Sutta Pitaka: It contains over 10 thousand suttas or sutras related to Buddha and his close companions.
This also deals with the first Buddhist council which was held shortly after Buddha’s death, dated by the
majority of recent scholars around 400 BC, under the patronage of king Ajatasatru with the monk
Mahakasyapa presiding, at Rajgir. It is divided into various sections as shown in following graphics:
Vinaya Pitaka: The subject matter of Vinay Pitaka is the monastic rules for monks and nuns. It can also be
called as Book of Discipline. Its three books are Suttavibhanga, Khandaka and Parivara.
Abhidhammapitaka deals with the philosophy and doctrine of Buddhism appearing in the suttas.
However, it does not contain the systematic philosophical treatises. There are 7 works of Abhidhamma
Pitaka which most scholars agree that don’t represent the words of Buddha himself.
183. The word” Vihara” in Buddhism means____________?

[A] Residence of Monks
[B] Hall of Worship
[C] Congregation Hall
[D] Garden
Correct Answer: A [Residence of Monks]
Explanation: Viharas were for the purpose of living, Chaityas were assemblies for the purpose of
discussions. Further, Chaityas were with Stupas, Viharas did not have stupas.
184. The first Indian Mathematician who treated Mathematics as a different discipline?
[A] Varahmihira
[B] Aryabhatta
[C] Ramanujan
[D] Baudhayan
Correct Answer: B [Aryabhatta]
185. Tanjore, Anhilwada, Dhara & Kanauj were the capitals of respectively which among the following
dynasties?
[A] Pratihara, Parmara, Solanki, Chola
[B] Chola, Solanki, Parmara, Pratihara
[C] Pandya, Solanki, Pratihara, Chola
[D] Chola, Parmara, Pratihara, Solanki
Correct Answer: B [Chola, Solanki, Parmara, Pratihara]
186. What is the correct Chronological Order of Nandas, Sungas, Mauryas & Hayankas dynasties of Ancient
India?
[A] Nandas, Sungas, Mauryas, Hayankas
[B] Mauryas, Hayankas, Sungas, Nandas
[C] Hayankas, Nandas, Mauryas, Sungas
[D] Nandas, Mauryas, Sungas, Haranyakas
Correct Answer: C [Hayankas, Nandas, Mauryas, Sungas]
187. Who among the following kings was a contemporary of both Mahavira and Buddha?
[A] Ajatshatru
[B] Nandivardhana
[C] Bimbisara
[D] Ashoka
Correct Answer: C [Bimbisara]
Explanation: Bimbisara was contemporary of both Mahavira and Buddha. The Jain texts mention that he
was a disciple of Lord Mahavira. The Buddhist texts mention that he met Buddha before enlightment.
Buddha promised him to visit his capital after he gets enlightment. He was a patron of Buddha and as a
mark of goodwill; he presented the Bamboo Grove (karanda venu vana) to the Sangha.
188. Ashvaghosha, who has written the marvelous work “Buddhacharita” was a court poet of which
among the following kings?
[A] Ashoka
[B] Kanishka
[C] Samudra gupta
[D] Ajatshatru
189. Who among the following was King of Magadha at the time of Mahaparinirvana of Gautam Buddha?
[A] Bimbisara
[B] Udayi
[C] Ajatshatru
[D] Chandragupta Maurya
Correct Answer: C [Ajatshatru]
190. Ceylon became a stronghold of which among the following branches of Buddhism?
[A] Mahayan
[B] Hinayan
[C] Mahnendra
[D] Theravada
Correct Answer: B [Hinayan]
191. At which among the following places, Chandragupta Maurya spent his last days ?
[A] Nalanda
[B] Ujjain
[C] Shravana Belgola
[D] Kashi
Correct Answer: C [Shravana Belgola]
192. There is only one edict, in which Ashoka refers himself as King of Magadha (Laja Magadhe). Identify
the edict from the following:
[A] Minor Rock Edict of Mashi
[B] The Queens edict
[C] Bhabhru Edict
[D] Dhauli Pillar Inscription
Correct Answer: A [Minor Rock Edict of Mashi]
193. Pushyamitra Shunga, who was originally a Senapati of the Mauryan Empire and assassinated the last
Mauryan Emperor Brihadrath in 185 BC was a ____?
[A] Brahaman
[B] Kshatriya
[C] Vaishya
[D] Shudra
Correct Answer: A [Brahaman]
194. “All Indians are Free and not even one of them is a slave”. Who among the following has observed
the above about the Mauryan Empire?
[A] Megasthenes
[B] Hiuen Tsang
[C] Ashoka
[D] Strabo
Correct Answer: A [Megasthenes]
195. What was the function of Samharta in Mauryan Administration?

[A] To Collect Revenue
[B] To Work as a Judge
[C] Leadership of Army
[D] Delivering Justice
Correct Answer: A [To Collect Revenue]
196. Which among the following kings have been linked to the Sudaman Caves ?
[A] Ashoka
[B] ChandraGupta Maurya
[C] Bindusara
[D] Bimbisara
Correct Answer: A [Ashoka]
Explanation: Sudaman Caves were built by Ashoka and were dedicated to Ajivikas
197. Who among the following is ascribed for the work Mudrarakshaha?
[A] Kalidasa
[B] Vishakhadatta
[C] Kautilya
[D] Bhatrihari
Correct Answer: B [Vishakhadatta]
Explanation: Kautilya`s Arthashastra, Ashoka`s Inscriptions, Megasthanese Indica and Vishakhadatta`s
Mudrarakshash are the main sources of Mauryan History
198. For the first time in Indian History, the description of the State Administration was found for which
among the following periods?
[A] Gupta Period
[B] Maurya Period
[C] Shunga Period
[D] Satavahana period
Correct Answer: B [Maurya Period]
199. Rigveda was written during which among the following ages?
[A] Stone age
[B] Copper age
[C] Iron age
[D] All the above
Correct Answer: C [Iron age]
Explanation: Rig-Veda is known as the oldest religious text in the world. It is also known as “First
testament” of mankind. It was composed around 1700 BC. Last hymns were composed between 1500-
1200 BC. It’s a collection of hymns by a number of priest families. It is organized in 10 books which are
called Mandalas
200. Which among the following dynasties is known to have given the largest grant of villages to the
temples and Brahamans?
[A] Prathihara
[B] Guptas
[C] Pala
[D] Satavahana
Correct Answer: B [Guptas]
201. Vedic mythology refers to an ancient settlement called Pushkalavati after Pushkal, who was the son
of King Bharata in the epic Ramayan. What is the modern location of Pushkalavati?
[A] Panipat
[B] Pushkar
[C] Peshawar (in Pakistan)
[D] Punjab
Correct Answer: C [Peshawar (in Pakistan)]
Explanation: Pushkalavati was capital of ancient Kingdom of Gandhara. Its ruins are currently located in
Charsadda, Pakistan, located in Peshawar valley in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (formerly NWFP).
Pushkalavati was home of the Sanskrit grammarian Panini.
202. In ancient India, the term Nishka was related to which among the following?
[A] Crop
[B] Tax
[C] Currency
[D] Tool
Correct Answer: C [Currency]
203. Who among the following is the author of Dharmasastra?

[A] Manu
[B] gautama
[C] kasyap
[D] Many
Correct Answer: D [Many]
204. Yavanpriya in ancient Hindu Texts refers to which among the following?
[A] Peppar
[B] Clove
[C] Silk
[D] Muslin
Correct Answer: A [Peppar]
205. Kotada timba, which contains ruins of an ancient Harappan city is located in which among the
following states?
[A] Punjab
[B] Rajasthan
[C] Uttar Pradesh
[D] Gujarath
Correct Answer: D [Gujarath]
206. Hieroglyphic Writing is a part of which ancient civilization?

[A] Indus Valley
[B] Egyptian
[C] Chinese
[D] Mesopotamia
Correct Answer: B [Egyptian]
Explanation: Between 4000 and 3000 BC, Egyptians developed a kind of picture writing known as
hieroglyphics. The first writings consisted of pictures of objects, such as a house. Gradually, they started
using ideas as well as objects. For example, a picture of an eye could mean sight or eye. In time, the writers
also used picture signs to indicate sound
207. The silver coins of which among the following kings carried portraits and bilingual legends, which
were inspired by the Kshatrapa types?
[A] Satavahanas
[B] Kushanas
[C] Guptas
[D] Mauryas
Correct Answer: A [Satavahanas ]
208. Who among the following was the first famous and powerful king of Sen dynasty?
[A] Ballal Sen
[B] Vijay Sen
[C] Samanta Sen
[D] Vikram Sen
Correct Answer: C [Samanta Sen]
209. As per the Hindu Philosophy, what is the number of articles under the restraints and practices (Yamas
and Niyamas)?
[A] 5
[B] 15
[C] 20
[D] 36
210. As per Vedic rituals, which among the following is the divine messenger who receives the prayers
and conveys them to the heavenly spheres?
[A] Agni
[B] Soma
[C] Varuna
[D] Indra
Correct Answer: A [Agni]
211. Which among the following was the state emblem of Pandyas?
[A] Fish
[B] Bow & Arrow
[C] Sun
[D] Horse
Correct Answer: A [Fish]
212. Simuka was an Indian king and the founder of which among the following dynasty?
[A] Satavahana
[B] Kadamba
[C] Ganga
[D] Kakatiya
Correct Answer: A [Satavahana]
Explanation: Simuka was the founder of the Satavahana Dynasty and he is believed to have destroyed the
Shunga Power. He did so with the aid of the Rathikas and Bhojakas. He reigned for around 23 years and
was beheaded by his brother Kanha, who succeeded him.
213. With which among the following branches of Mathematics, Sulva Sutras are related to__?
[A] Algenbra
[B] Geometry
[C] Calculus
[D] Game Theory
Correct Answer: B [Geometry]
214. Which among the rulers of Magadh founded the city of Patliputra (Patna) on the bank of river
Ganges?
[A] Chandragupta Maurya
[B] Ajatshatru
[C] Bimbisara
[D] Bindusara
Correct Answer: B [Ajatshatru]
215. A civilization (mature period 2600–1900 BCE) which was centred mostly in the western part of the
Indian Subcontinent?
[A] Vedic civilization
[B] Mahajanpada
[C] Kushan Empire
[D] Indus Valley Civilization
Correct Answer: D [Indus Valley Civilization]
216. The philosophy of “Nyaya Darshan” has been ascribed to who among following?
[A] Kanad
[B] Gautam
[C] Panini
[D] Bhartṛhari
Correct Answer: B [Gautam]
217. At which among the following places, the famous Bull Seal of Indus Valley Civilization was found?
[A] Harappa
[B] Mehrgarh
[C] Mohenjo-Daro
[D] Adamagarh
Correct Answer: C [Mohenjo-Daro]
218. Which among the following mahajanpada was situated on the bank of river Godavari?
[A] Kamboja
[B] Asaka
[C] Avanti
[D] Malla
Correct Answer: B [Asaka]
Explanation: Mahajanpada Asaka Located on the banks of the Godavari River. Its capital was Potali,
Potana or Podana, which now lies in the Nandura Tehsil, Buldana district in the Indian state of
Maharashtra and it was the only Mahajanapada situated to the south of the Vindhya Range, and was in
Dakshinapatha.
219. The Brihadishwara Temple (Rajarajeswaram) is situated at?

[A] Madhya Pradesh
[B] Thanjavur
[C] Lucknow
[D] Andhra Pradesh
Correct Answer: B [Thanjavur]
Explanation: Brihadeeswarar Temple or Peruvudaiyar Kovil or Rajrajeshwaram temple at Thanjavur is the

world’s first complete “granite” temple. It was built by Rajraja Chola-I and is a part of UNESCO’s world
Heritage sites. The Vimana or the temple tower (known as Raja Gopuram) is 216 Feet in height and is one
of the tallest buildings of its kind. The Nandi is carved out of a single rock. This temple has completed 1
millennium in 2010. It was dictated by lord Shiva to Rajraja Chola I, when he triumphed Ilam (Sri Lanka)
Island.
220. Which dynasty Asoka the Great was emperor of ?

[A] Maurya Dynasty
[B] Kakatiya dynasty
[C] Nanda dynasty
[D] Pradyota dynasty
Correct Answer: A [Maurya Dynasty]
221. Which among the following sites near Pondicherry gives best support to the view on an ancient trade
between Rome and the ancient Tamil country of India?
[A] Villianur
[B] Suttukeni
[C] Arikamedu
[D] Andiarpalayam
Correct Answer: C [Arikamedu]
222. Which among the following was capital of Mitrakas?

[A] Kosambi
[B] Vallabhi
[C] Odantapuri
[D] Vikramsila
Correct Answer: B [Vallabhi]
223. In which state of India is located the ancient trading depot of Bharukaccha?
[A] Rajasthan
[B] Gujarath
[C] Maharastra
[D] Karnataka
Correct Answer: B [Gujarath]
224. Indus Valley site at Surkotada is located in which among the following states ?
[A] Rajasthan
[B] Haryana
[C] Gujarath
[D] Punjab
Correct Answer: C [Gujarath]
Explanation: The site at Surkotada is located 160 km north-east of Bhuj, in the district of Kutch, Gujarat.
In the Indus Valley Civilization, the remains of Horse bones have been found from Surkotada site.
225. Dhauli Hills, which have major Edicts of Ashoka engraved on a mass of rock, by the side of the road
leading to the summit of the hills are located in which among the following states of India?
[A] Bihar
[B] Madhya Pradesh
[C] Rajasthan
[D] Odisha
Correct Answer: D [Odisha]
226. The name of which among the following king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Kingdom has been inscribed
on the edicts of Asoka?
[A] Antiochus I Soter
[B] Seleucus II
[C] Antiochus II Theos
[D] Seleucus IV Philopator
Correct Answer: C [Antiochus II Theos]
Explanation: Ashoka’s Hellenistic contemporaries are
1. Antiochus II Theos –Syria
2. Ptolemy II philadelpus –Egypt
3. Mages –Cyrne
4. Antigonus Gonatas –Macedonia
5. Alexander -Epirus
227. The construction of the Delhi Iron Pillar, now located at the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque in New Delhi
was constructed in which period?
[A] Maurya
[B] Satavahana
[C] Gupta
[D] Kushana
Correct Answer: C [Gupta]
Explanation: As per Natya-darpana (by Vishakadata), the Iron pillar had been put up by Chandragupta II
himself after defeating Vahilakas. He designated that pillar as a memory of the victory. The pillar is made
of 98% wrought iron and has stood more than 1,600 years without rusting or decomposing.
228. After the victory on which among the following, the Vikrama Samvat was founded by the Tuar Rajput
emperor Vikramaditya of Ujjain?
[A] Shakas
[B] Hunas
[C] Greeks
[D] Kushans
Correct Answer: A [Shakas]
229. Which among the following ruler is known for Junagarh Rock Inscription?
[A] Rudradaman I
[B] Jivadaman
[C] Damajadasri
[D] Jayadaman
Correct Answer: A [Rudradaman I]
Explanation: The Junagarh Rock inscription of Rudradaman is considered as an early example of chaste
Sanskrit, written in mid second century AD. It mentions that one of Chandragupta Maurya’s governors,
Pushyagupta, was responsible for building a dam on Sudarshana Lake near Girnar in Kathiawar. From
another inscription of Skandgupta we came to know that this very dam was repaired during his reign,
almost 800 years after it was built
230. Bhandi was a chief secretary of which among the following Indian Kings?
[A] Samudragupta
[B] Chandragupta Vikramaditya
[C] Harshavardhan
[D] Skandgupta
Correct Answer: C [Harshavardhan]
Explanation: Bhandi was a leading noble of Kannauj and on advice of the political leaders of Kannauj; he
offered the crown of Kannauj to Harsha after death of Grahavarmana. Bhandi was later described as one
of the chief officers of Harsha. When Harsha chased Shashanka for release of his sister, through Bhandi
only Harsha could know that his sister has been released and Shashanka has escaped
231.As per Asoka’s inscriptions, which among the following place was declared tax free and proclaimed
only 1/8th part as taxable?
[A] Kushinagar
[B] Lumbini
[C] Kathmandu
[D] Sarnath
Correct Answer: B [ Lumbini]
Explanation: At the 20th anniversary of his enthronement, Asoka announced Lumbini as tax-free and
proclaimed only 1/8th part as taxable. Description of this fact is found in the inscriptions of Nigliva and
Rumindei.
232.Which among the following places have given the earliest evidence of agriculture in Indian
subcontinent?
[A] Pratapgarh
[B] Mehrgarh
[C] Quetta
[D] Kalat
Correct Answer: B [ Mehrgarh]
Explanation: The earliest evidence of Agriculture in Indian subcontinent is found at Mehrgarh, which is
located in Baluchistan state of Pakistan.
233.Which among the following Vakataka ruler performed all the seven sacrifices viz. Agnishtoma,
Aptoryama, Ukthya, Shodasin, Atiratra, Vajapeya, Brihaspatisava, Sadyaskra and four Asvamedhas?
[A] Rudrasena-I
[B]] Pravarsena-I
[C] Prithvisena-I
[D] ]Narendrasena-I
Correct Answer: B [ Pravarsena-I ]
Explanation: Vakataka ruler, Pravarsena-I, is said to have performed all the 7 sacrifices.viz .Agnishtoma,
Aptoryama, Ukthya, Shodasin, Atiratra, Vajapeya, Brihaspatisava, Sadyaskra and four Asvamedhas.
234.Who among the following was the 23rd Jain Tirthankara?

[A] Nemi Natha
[B] Mahavira
[C] Parshvanath
[D] Malinath
Correct Answer: C [ Parshvanath]
Explanation: Parshvanath was the twenty third Jain Tirthankara. He was a Kshatriya and son of Ashvasena,
King of Banaras (Varanasi).
235.The Satapatha Brahmana and Taitriya Brahmana are the Brahmana texts of ___:
[A] Rigveda
[B] Yajurveda
[C] Samaveda
[D] Atharavaveda
Correct Answer: B [ Yajurveda]
Explanation: Satapatha Brahmana and Taitriya Brahmana are the Brahmana texts of Yajurveda.
236.Which among the following is the most unique feature of Dholavira site of the Indus Valley
Civilization?
[A] Its cities were horizontally divided in multiple parts
[B] Its cities were unevenly divided
[C] Its cities were divided into 3 parts
[D] None of these
Correct Answer: C [ Its cities were divided into 3 parts]
Explanation: The most unique features of Dholavira, an Indus valley site in Gujarat, is its division. While
other Indus Valley sites were divided into two parts viz. Citadel and Lower Town, Dholavira was divided
into three divisions.
237.Which of the following Kingdoms were associated with the life of the Buddha?
1. Avanti
2. Gandhara
3. Kosala
4. Magadha
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
[A] 1, 2 and 3
[B] 2 and 4
[C] 3 and 4 only
[D] 1, 3 and 4
Correct Answer: C [ 3 and 4 only ]
Explanation:Avanti was not directly related to life of Buddha, so this needs to be opted out. We have read
that Pasenadi (Prasenajit), king of Kosala, was the Buddha’s contemporary and is frequently mentioned
in Pali texts. Kosala and Magadha were linked through matrimonial ties. Buddha wandered through the
towns and villages in the kingdoms of Kosala and Magadha teaching his philosophy. Gandhara is not
directly associated with the life of Buddha. It was expansion of Maurya empire that Gandhara received
much Buddhist influence, notably during the reign of Asoka.
238.Which of the following is not a correct feature of Rig-Vedic economy?

[A] Primarily pastoral economy
[B] Cultivation of multiple cereals
[C] Abundance of wage earners
[D] Sedentary agriculture society
Correct Answer: C [ Abundance of wage earners]
Explanation: here are no evidences of wage earners in agriculture in Rig-Vedic Economy.
239.Which of the following term is used for a “school” of learning and teaching the branches of Vedas?
[A] Shakha
[B] Charna
[C] Ratha
[D] Yajna
Correct Answer: B [ Charna ]
Explanation: Charana refers to the Guru-pupil lineage or school for teaching and learning of Vedas in
ancient India.
240.Who among the following is the author of oldest surviving Prakrit grammar Prākrita Prakāśa?
[A] Pingala
[B] Yaska
[C] Vararuchi
[D] Shaunaka
Correct Answer: C [ Vararuchi ]
Explanation: The oldest surviving Prakrit grammar is Vararuchi’s Prākrita Prakāśa, whose date is debated.
241. Which of the following Pala Kings founded the Vikramshila University?
[A] Gopala
[B] Dharmapala
[C] Devapala
[D] Mahendrapala
Correct Answer: B [Dharmapala]
Explanation: The Vikramshila University was set up by the Pala dynasty king Dharmapala in the late 8th
or early 9th century at Bhagalpur, Bihar. The ancient Vikramshila University was intended to complement
the existing world class universities at Nalanda and Takshila. It lasted four centuries before being
destroyed during an attack by Bakhtiyar Khilji of the Delhi Sultanate.
242. Which among the following text of Buddhism speaks about the sixteen Mahajanapadas?
[A] Digh Nikaya
[B] Anguttar Nikaya
[C] Maha Parinibbana Sutta
[D] Majjhima Nikaya
Correct Answer: B [Anguttar Nikaya]
243. “Mahamaya”, the mother of Guautam Buddha belonged to which among the following dynasties?
[A] Shakya
[B] Koliyan
[C] Lichchavi
[D] Maurya
Correct Answer: B [Koliyan]
Explanation: Gautma Buddha’s mother ‘Mahamaya’ belonged to Koliya tribe and she married
Suddhodhana, who was a king of Sakya clan. The Sakya and Koliya ruled on opposite banks of the Rohni
river in current Rupendehi District of Lumbini, Nepal. Both of them were republics.
244. Which among the following site has yielded the cultural remains from Neolithic to Harappan era?
[A] Dholavira
[B] Mohenjo-Daro
[C] Harappa
[D] Mehrgarh
Correct Answer: D [Mehrgarh]
Explanation: Mehrgarh is the oldest agricultural settlement in the Indian subcontinent Agriculture-based
Neolithic settlements. Despite being the agriculture settlement, it used only stone tools, so is why placed
in Neolithic Era. It flourished in the seventh millennium B.C. Mehrgarh is located on the Bolan River, a
tributary of the Indus, at the eastern edge of the Baluchistan plateau overlooking the Indus plain.
245. Ashoka called the third buddhist council at which of the following places?
[A] Magadha
[B] Pataliputra
[C] Burma
[D] Therevada
Correct Answer: B [Pataliputra]
Explanation: The Third Buddhist council was convened in about 250 BCE at Asokarama in Pataliputra,
supposedly under the patronage of Emperor Ashoka. The council is recognized and known to both the
Theravada and Mahayana schools, though its importance is central only to the Theravada.
246. Apart from Madurai, which among the following was also a capital of Pandyas?
[A] Korkai
[B] Kottaikkadu
[C] Thirukkoloor
[D] Pragasapuram
Correct Answer: A [Korkai]
Explanation: Korkai, which is now an insignificant village in Tamil Nadu, was the commercial capital and
important port of the Pandya Kingdom. Korkai has been a cradle of South Indian Civilization and as per
traditions; it is considered the home of three brothers who were supposed to have founded the Pandya,
Chera and Chola Kingdoms.
247. Which among the following kings assassinated Brihadrath, the last Maurya King?
[A] Agnimitra
[B] Pushyamitra Shunga
[C] Vasujyeshtha
[D] Vasumitra
Correct Answer: B [Pushyamitra Shunga]
Explanation: Brihadratha was a weak ruler and his Senapati Pushymitra Shunga while a parading the
entire Mauryan army before Brihadratha to show him the strength of the army assassinated him and this
was the end of the Mauryas. Pushyamitra Shunga founded the Shunga dynasty in around 185-183 BC.
248. Who among the following was the first Tirthankar of Jainism?
[A] Rishabh dev
[B] Parshwanath
[C] Neminath
[D] Sambhavanath
Correct Answer: A [Rishabh dev]
Explanation: Lord Rishabhdev was the first Tirthankara of Jainism. He was born at Ayodhya in the
Ikshwaku Kula or clan. In Hinduism he is known to be an avatara or incarnation of Vishnu. The name of
Rishabh’s parents has been mentioned in the Bhagvata Purana.
249. Where is Largest Monastery in India?

[A] Jetavana
[B] Kardang Monastery
[C] Tawang Monasatery
[D] Zang Dhok Palri Phodang
Correct Answer: C [Tawang Monasatery]
Explanation: Tawang monastery is the largest of its kind in the country and is one of the largest
monasteries in Asia. It is said to be one of the biggest Buddhist monasteries in the world outside of Lhasa,
Tibet. It is also known by another Tibetan name, ‘Galden Namgey Lhatse’, which means ‘celestial paradise
in a clear night’.
250. Which century Gautama Buddha was born in?

[A] 4th century BC
[B] 5th century BC
[C] 6th century BC
[D] 7th century BC
Correct Answer: C [6th century BC]
Explanation: Gautam Siddhartha was the name of Buddha and he was the founder of Buddhism also
known as Gautam Buddha. Gautam Buddha was born in 563 BC in Lumbini (now in Nepal) in Sakya
Kshatriya clan of Kapilvastu. He died in 483 BC.
251. Which among the following sites in Haryana, is the place as per legends where Lord Krishna delivered
the sermon of Bhagavad Gita?
[A] Jyotisar
[B] Pehowa
[C] Shahabad
[D] Ladwa
Correct Answer: A [Jyotisar]
252. At which among the following places, Gautam Buddha preached his last sermon?
[A] Sarnath
[B] Rajgir
[C] Vaishali
[D] Pavapuri
Correct Answer: C [Vaishali]
253. Which among the following is NOT a Vedanga?

[A] Kalpa
[B] Sankya
[C] Nirkuta
[D] Chhanda
Correct Answer: B [Sankya]
254. The Excavated Buddhist Site, Lalitgiri, which was notified as Centrally Protected in the year 1937, is
located in which among the following states of India?
[A] Andhra Pradesh
[B] Odisha
[C] West Bengal
[D] Karnataka
Correct Answer: B [Odisha]
255. Every five years, Harshavardhana used to donate all his possessions at an assembly at which among
the following places?
[A] Ujjain
[B] Banaras
[C] Prayag
[D] Kannauj
Correct Answer: C [Prayag]
256. During the reign of which among the following Kings, the Gandhar Style of Art developed?
[A] Kushana
[B] Shaka
[C] Indo-Parthian
[D] Indo-greeks
Correct Answer: A [Kushana]
257. History of which among the following parts of India has been described in the “Rajtarangini” of
Kalhana?
[A] Kashmir
[B] Malwa
[C] Magadha
[D] Gandhar
Correct Answer: A [Kashmir]
258. Consider the following statements about Lion Capital of Asoka which has been now adopted as
India’s emblem:
1.It was erected around 250 BC at Sarnath
2. It was engraved with “Satyamev Jayate”
3. Its abacus is engraved with 4 animals viz. lion, elephant, deer and bull
Which among the above statements is/ are correct?
[A] Only 1
[B] 1 & 2
[C] 2 & 3
[D] 1, 2 &3
Explanation: Satyamev Jayate was later adopted from Mundkopnishada. The four animals are guardians
of the four directions: the lion of the north, the elephant of the east, the horse of the south and the bull
of the west
259. Which among the following site in Bihar is a Buddhist as well as Janism pilgrim place?
[A] Bodhgaya
[B] Rajgir
[C] Nalanda
[D] Vaishali
Correct Answer: D [Vaishali]
260. Which king of Ancient India has been given the title” Indian Nepoleon” by VA Smith?
[A] Samudragupta
[B] Kumaragupta
[C] Chandragupta Vikramaditya
[D] Skandagupta
Correct Answer: A [Samudragupta]
Explanation: Samudragupta believed in the policy of war and conquest and because of his bravery and
generalship he is known as the “Napoleon of India” by historian Vincent. A. Smith.
261.Works of 11th century Sanskrit poet Jayadeva have become the basis of which among the following
dance forms of India?
[A] Odissi
[B] Bharatnatyam
[C] Kathak
[D] Manipuri
Correct Answer: A [Odissi]
262. Yājñavalkya Smṛti was written in which among the following era?
[A] Vedic Period
[B] Later Vedic Period
[C] Maurya Period
[D] Gupta Period
Correct Answer: D [Gupta Period]
263. In which period, “Arthshastra” was written ?

[A] Gupta
[B] Maurya
[C] Shaka
[D] Kushan
Correct Answer: B [Maurya]
Explanation: Arthshastra was written by Kautilya or Vishnugupta or Chanakya, who was a professor at
Taxila University and later the prime minister of the Maurya Empire. The manuscript was discovered by
Arya Sharma Shashtri in 1904. Arthshastra has been divided in 15 Adhikarans and 180 Prakarans. It is
related to money and politics and contains 6000 shlokas
264. Who has written “Kalpsutra”?

[A] Haribhadra
[B] Bhadrabahu
[C] Sudharma Swami
[D] Nemichandra
Correct Answer: B [Bhadrabahu]
Explanation: The Kalpasutra is a Jain text containing the biographies of the Jain Tirthankaras, most notably
Parshvanath and Mahavira, including the latter’s Nirvana. The author of this text is Bhadrabahu.
265. Agnimitra, who is the hero of Kalidasa’s ‘Malvikagnimitram’ was a king of which of the following
dynasties?
[A] Sunga
[B] Kanva
[C] Satavahana
[D] Maurya
Correct Answer: A [Sunga]
Explanation: Malavikagnimitram is the Sanskrit play, which depicts Agnimitra as its hero. Malvika is a maid
servant whom Agnimitra falls in love. This was known to his chief queen, who imprisions her. Later it was
known that Malvika was of a royal birth and she was accepted as queen of Agnimitra. Malavikagnimitram
gives account of Rajsuya Yajna of Pushyamitra Shunga, father of Agnimitra.
266. Kushinara or Kushinagar, where Lord Buddha attained parinirvana was located in which among the
following provinces of ancient India?
[A] Anga
[B] Magadha
[C] Malla
[D] Vatsa
Correct Answer: C [Malla]
Explanation: The Buddha belonged to a small gana known as the Sakya gana, and was a kshatriya. When
he was a young man, he left the comforts of his home in search of knowledge. He wandered for several
years, meeting and holding discussions with other thinkers. He finally decided to find his own path to
realisation, and meditated for days on end under a peepal tree at Bodh Gaya in Bihar, where he attained
enlightenment. After that, he was known as the Buddha or the Wise One. He then went to Sarnath, near
Varanasi, where he taught for the first time. Buddha attained Nirvana at Kusinara a village some 180km
from Varanasi and it was in the state of Mallas.
267. Sarnath, is related to which among the following events in the life of Buddha?
[A] First Sermon
[B] Last Sermon
[C] Mahaparinibbana
[D] Dhammachakkapavattana
Correct Answer: A [First Sermon]
268. In which among the following metals, largest number of coins were issued in Gupta Era?
[A] Gold
[B] Silver
[C] Copper
[D] Brass
Correct Answer: A [Gold]
269. The deity in most of the Chola temples was__?

[A] Vishnu
[B] Shiva
[C] Brahma
[D] Krishna
Correct Answer: B [Shiva]
270. The term “Vitasta” in Rig Veda refers to which among the following rivers?
[A] Indus
[B] Beas
[C] Jhelum
[D] Chenab
Correct Answer: C [Jhelum]
Explanation: Rigvedic Name and Modern Names of Indian Rivers:
Sindhu- Indus
Vitasta- Jhelum
Askini- Chenab
Vipasa- Beas
Purushini- Ravi
Satudri- Sutlej
Gomal- Gomati
Drishvadati- Ghaggar
261.Works of 11th century Sanskrit poet Jayadeva have become the basis of which among the following
dance forms of India?
[A] Odissi
[B] Bharatnatyam
[C] Kathak
[D] Manipuri
Correct Answer: A [Odissi]
262. Yājñavalkya Smṛti was written in which among the following era?
[A] Vedic Period
[B] Later Vedic Period
[C] Maurya Period
[D] Gupta Period
Correct Answer: D [Gupta Period]
263. In which period, “Arthshastra” was written ?

[A] Gupta
[B] Maurya
[C] Shaka
[D] Kushan
Correct Answer: B [Maurya]
Explanation: Arthshastra was written by Kautilya or Vishnugupta or Chanakya, who was a professor at
Taxila University and later the prime minister of the Maurya Empire. The manuscript was discovered by
Arya Sharma Shashtri in 1904. Arthshastra has been divided in 15 Adhikarans and 180 Prakarans. It is
related to money and politics and contains 6000 shlokas
264. Who has written “Kalpsutra”?

[A] Haribhadra
[B] Bhadrabahu
[C] Sudharma Swami
[D] Nemichandra
Correct Answer: B [Bhadrabahu]
265. Agnimitra, who is the hero of Kalidasa’s ‘Malvikagnimitram’ was a king of which of the following
dynasties?
[A] Sunga
[B] Kanva
[C] Satavahana
[D] Maurya
Correct Answer: A [Sunga]
Explanation: Malavikagnimitram is the Sanskrit play, which depicts Agnimitra as its hero. Malvika is a maid
servant whom Agnimitra falls in love. This was known to his chief queen, who imprisions her. Later it was
known that Malvika was of a royal birth and she was accepted as queen of Agnimitra. Malavikagnimitram
gives account of Rajsuya Yajna of Pushyamitra Shunga, father of Agnimitra.
266. Kushinara or Kushinagar, where Lord Buddha attained parinirvana was located in which among the
following provinces of ancient India?
[A] Anga
[B] Magadha
[C] Malla
[D] Vatsa
Correct Answer: C [Malla]
Explanation: The Buddha belonged to a small gana known as the Sakya gana, and was a kshatriya. When
he was a young man, he left the comforts of his home in search of knowledge. He wandered for several
years, meeting and holding discussions with other thinkers. He finally decided to find his own path to
realisation, and meditated for days on end under a peepal tree at Bodh Gaya in Bihar, where he attained
enlightenment. After that, he was known as the Buddha or the Wise One. He then went to Sarnath, near
Varanasi, where he taught for the first time. Buddha attained Nirvana at Kusinara a village some 180km
from Varanasi and it was in the state of Mallas.
267. Sarnath, is related to which among the following events in the life of Buddha?
[A] First Sermon
[B] Last Sermon
[C] Mahaparinibbana
[D] Dhammachakkapavattana
Correct Answer: A [First Sermon]
268. In which among the following metals, largest number of coins were issued in Gupta Era?
[A] Gold
[B] Silver
[C] Copper
[D] Brass
Correct Answer: A [Gold]
269. The deity in most of the Chola temples was__?

[A] Vishnu
[B] Shiva
[C] Brahma
[D] Krishna
Correct Answer: B [Shiva]
270. The term “Vitasta” in Rig Veda refers to which among the following rivers?
[A] Indus
[B] Beas
[C] Jhelum
[D] Chenab
Correct Answer: C [Jhelum]
Explanation: Rigvedic Name and Modern Names of Indian Rivers:
Sindhu- Indus
Vitasta- Jhelum
Askini- Chenab
Vipasa- Beas
Purushini- Ravi
Satudri- Sutlej
Gomal- Gomati
Drishvadati- Ghaggar
271. Which among the following is the correct meaning of a word “Manigramam” used in medieval India?
[A] Association of Villages
[B] Complex of various markets
[C] Association of Merchants
[D] Unit of administration in a small village
Correct Answer: C [Association of Merchants]
Explanation: In ancient times merchants formed guilds to protect their interests. There were several such
guilds in south India from the eighth century onwards – the most famous being the Manigramam and
Nanadesi. These guilds traded extensively both within the peninsula and with Southeast Asia and China
272. Hieun Tsang, had visited the court of which among the following rulers?
[A] Harshavardhana
[B] Chandragupta Maurya
[C] Asoka
[D] Pulkesin II
Correct Answer: A [Harshavardhana]
Explanation: Hieun Tsang, the Chinese pilgrim, visited India during the reign of Harshavardhana with an
aim of securing authentic Buddhist scripts. The Kannauj assembly (643 AD) was held in the honour of
Hieun Tsang and to popularise Mahayana sect of Buddhism.
He stayed in India for about fifteen years and recorded his experience in his book ,’ Si-Yu-Ki’. The book
throws lights on the religion, customs, traditions, etc. of the country.
273. Which among the following Pala rulers is known to have founded the Vikramshila Vihara?
[A] Gopala
[B] Devpala
[C] Dharampala
[D] Mahendrapala
Correct Answer: C [Dharampala]
Explanation: Dharamapala, the second ruler of Pala dynasty was a pious Buddhist King and is best known
for establishing the Vikramshila University. Dharampala had also built a Vihara at Somapuri, another at
Paharpur and yet another Vihara at Odantapuri. The five places viz. Nalanda, Vikramshila, Somapuri,
Paharpur and Odantapuri are called Five Mahaviharas. Bakhtiyar Khilji destroyed the Vikramshila
University in 1200 AD. Somapura Mahavihara is now located in Bangladesh. It is one of the best known
Mahaviharas of Buddhism in Indian subcontinent and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
274. The temples at Belur, Halebidu and Somnathpura are supreme examples of which among the
following types of Temple Architecture?
[A] Nagara
[B] Dravida
[C] Gadag
[D] Vesara
Correct Answer: D [Vesara]
Explanation: Vesara style architecture is the hybrid architecture of Nagara and Dravida.
275. Nakoda at Rajasthan, which is famous for miracles at Nakodaji, is a temple of which among the
following?
[A] Vishnu
[B] Krishna
[C] Buddha
[D] Parsvanath
Correct Answer: D [Parsvanath]
Explanation: Parsvanath was the 23rd of 24th Tirthankaras.
276. Which of the following rivers was known as “Drishdvati” in Vedic Era?
[A] Ravi
[B] Chenab
[C] Jhelum
[D] Ghagghar
Correct Answer: D [Ghagghar]
277. In which of the following cities of India is located world’s first complete granite temple?
[A] Varanasi
[B] Mathura
[C] Thanjaur
[D] Madurai
Correct Answer: C [Thanjaur]
Explanation: Brihadeeswarar Temple in Thanjaur (in Tamil Nadu) was the world’s first complete granite
temple
278. Harshavardhana, who was known as Uttarapathapati, was defeated on the banks of river Narmada
by which among the following Kings, also having assumed the title of Dakshinapathapati?
[A] Pulkesin I
[B] Kirtivarman I
[C] Pulkesin II
[D] Vikramaditya I
Correct Answer: C [Pulkesin II]
Explanation: Harshavardhana was defeated by Chalukya king Pulakesin-II
279. Two schools, viz. Mathura School of Art and Gandhara School of Art flourished in which among the
following era?
[A] Shakas
[B] Kushans
[C] Satavahanas
[D] Guptas
Correct Answer: B [Kushans]
280. Who among the following were known as Tocharians?

[A] Kushans
[B] Shakas
[C] Hunas
[D] Kalabhras
Correct Answer: A [Kushans]
Explanation: Kushans are also known as Yuechis or Tocharians.
281. Which among the following dynasty was identified only on the basis of Coins?
[A] Gupta
[B] Kushana
[C] Rastrakuta
[D] Chalukya
Correct Answer: B [Kushana]
282. Who among the following translated “Gita Govinda” in 1792?

[A] Sir Willam Jones
[B] Charles Wilkins
[C] Sir Robert Chambers
[D] H.H. Wilson
Correct Answer: A [Sir Willam Jones]
Explanation: Gita Goivinda is a sanskirt text composed by Jayadeva in 12th century.
In the year 1792 William Jones translated “Gita Govinda’’ into English.
Charles Wilkins translated Bhagavad Gita into English.
283. Who among the following legendary kings was also known as “Sarvadamana” in his childhood?
[A] Asoka
[B] Bharata
[D] Samudra Gupta
Correct Answer: B [Bharata]
Explanation: Bharta was also known as was also known as “Sarvadamana” in his childhood. Sarvadamana
means the subduer of all. India has been called as Bharatavarsha after him.
284.The ancient port-site of Godavaya is located in which country?

[A] Malaysia
[B] Indonesia
[C] Myanmar
[D] Sri Lanka
Correct Answer: D [ Sri Lanka]
Explanation: Godavaya is an ancient port trade site on southern coast of Sri Lanka.
285. What was Arikamedu during ancient India?

[A] A coastal settlement and trade centre
[B] A mountain
[C] A city in Aravalli Mountains in Gujarat
[D] A Lake
Correct Answer: A [ A coastal settlement and trade centre]
Explanation: Arikamedu, the ancient Roman trade centre is 4 Kms. South of Puducherry on the right bank
of Ariyankuppam river. Arikamedu was an Indo- Roman coastal trading station and an important centre
of trade and commerce with the Western world during the early centuries of the Christian era. This port
was known to the author of “Periplus of the Erithrian Sea” as Padouke.%%
286.Which of the following was denoted by the term “Kahapana” or “Karshapan” during ancient India?
[A] A cloth
[B] A trader
[C] A monk
[D] A coin
Correct Answer: D [ A coin ]
Explanation: “Kahapana” or “Karshapan” was a common coin during Pre-Gupta period. It was made of
copper and also of silver.
287.Buddhism from India was introduced to which current region by Kasyapa Matanga?
[A] China
[B] South East Asia
[C] Sri Lanka
[D] Africa
Correct Answer: A [ China ]
Explanation: Kasyapa Matanga is thought to have been the first to introduce Buddhism to China.
According to Chinese tradition, he traveled from India to Lo- yang in China with another Indian monk,
known by his Chinese name Chu Falan. They came in C.E. 67 at the invitation of Emperor Ming of the Later
Han dynasty.
288.Who among the following is writer of the ‘Kalpasutra’?

[A] Simuka
[B] Panini
[C] Bhadrabahu
[D] Patanjali
Correct Answer: C [ Bhadrabahu ]
289.The Greek Ambassador Deimachus of Plataea had visited the court of which of the following rulers of
Magadha?
[A] Dhanananda
[B] Chandragupta Maurya
[C] Bindusara
[D] Asoka
Correct Answer: C [ Bindusara ]
Explanation: Deimachus of Plataea had come as ambassador to Bindusāra or Amitraghāta, the son and
successor of Chandragupta Maurya. He along with Megasthenes provides important information about
the contemporary society and polity. He was sent by Antiochus I (the son of Seleucus Nikator).
290.Which of the following rulers were contemporary of Buddha?

[A] Bimbisar of Magadha
[B] Prasenjit (Pansedi) of Kosala
[C] Udayan of Avanti
[D] All of Above
Correct Answer: D [ All of Above ]
Explanation: All of the mentioned rulers were contemporary of Buddha. In Magadha, both Bimbisar and
Ajatsatru ruled during Buddha’s time.
291. Rummindei Pillar Inscription which talks about taxation in Maurya era has been found at which of
the following places?
[A] Junagarh in Gujarat
[B] Ranchi in Jharkhand
[C] Bhabru in Rajasthan
[D] Lumbini in Nepal
Correct Answer: D [ Lumbini in Nepal ]
Explanation: Lumbini Pillar Edict in Nepal is known as the Rummindei Pillar Inscription .The Lumbini Pillar
Edict recorded that sometime after the twentieth year of his reign, Ashoka travelled to the Buddha’s
birthplace and personally made offerings. He then had a stone pillar set up and reduced the taxes of the
people in that area.
292.Which of the following regions was called “Gedrosia” during times of Alexander, the great?
[A] Gujarat
[B] Rajasthan
[C] Punjab
[D] Baluchistan
Correct Answer: D [ Baluchistan ]
Explanation: Gedrosia corresponded to today’s Baluchistan or more specifically Makran. Alexander had
lost a lots of soldiers during his march through the Gedrosian desert.
293. The Nitisara of Kamandaka, also known as the Kamandakiya-Nitisara, was composed during the
period of:
[A] Satavahana dynasty
[B] Gupta dynasty
[C] Kalachuri dynasty
[D] Nanda dynasty
Correct Answer: B [Gupta dynasty]
Explanation: The Nitisara of Kamandaka, also known as the Kamandakiya-Nitisara, was composed during
the period of Gupta Dynasty. It was based on Kautilya’s Arthashastra
294. The Neolithic sites Kuchai and Golbai Sasan are located in which Indian state?
[A] Maharashtra
[B] Bihar
[C] Odisha
[D] Madhya Pradesh
Correct Answer: C [Odisha]
Explanation: The Neolithic sites in Odisha include Kuchai in Mayurbhanj district, and the recently
excavated site of Golbai Sasan on the banks of Mandakini River.
295. At which of the following Harappan sites, terracotta female figures were discovered?
[A] Mohenjo-daro
[B] Kot Bala
[C] Kot Diji
[D] Khirasara
Correct Answer: A [Mohenjo-daro]
Explanation: Mohenjo-daro is an archaeological site in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Built around 2500
BCE, it was one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus Valley civilization. Various discoveries at
Mohenjo-daro include- Great Bath (the biggest bath ghat), Great granary, Bronze dancing girl, Bearded
man, terracotta toys, Bull seal, Pashupati seal, three cylindrical seals of the Mesopotamian type, a piece
of woven cloth.
296. Jorwe culture, a Chalcolithic culture, was first discovered in which of the following states of India?
[A] Maharashtra
[B] Rajasthan
[C] Gujarat
[D] Jammu & Kashmir
Correct Answer: A [Maharashtra]
Explanation: Jorwe is a village and an archaeological site located on the banks of the Godavari River in
Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra. This site was first was excavated in 1950-51 under the direction of
Hasmukh Dhirajlal Sankalia and Shantaram Bhalchandra Deo.
297. Tat Tvam Asi, a sanskrit phrase, originally occurs in which of the following Upanishads?
[A] Mundaka Upanishad
[B] Chandogya Upanishad
[C] Brhadaranyaka Upanishad
[D] Mandukya Upanishad
Correct Answer: B [ Chandogya Upanishad ]
Explanation: “Tat Tvam Asi” is a Sanskrit phrase is one of the Mahāvākyas (Grand Pronouncements) in
Vedantic Sanatana Dharma. It originally occurs in the Chandogya Upanishad, a Sanskrit text embedded in
the Chandogya Brahmana of the Sama Veda of Hinduism.
298. Mundaka Upanishad, the Mandukya Upanishad and the Prashna Upanishad are associated with
which of the following Vedas?
[A] Atharva-Veda
[B] Rig-Veda
[C] Sama-Veda
[D] Yajur-Veda
Correct Answer: A [ Atharva-Veda ]
Explanation: Atharvaveda text includes three primary Upanishads, influential to various schools of Hindu
philosophy. These include the Mundaka Upanishad, the Mandukya Upanishad and the Prashna
Upanishad.
299. Which of the following plays of Kalidasa tells the story of mortal King Pururavas and celestial nymph
Urvashi who fall in love?
[A] Malavikagnimitram
[B] Abhijñānaśākuntalam
[C] Vikramōrvaśīyam
Correct Answer: C [ Vikramōrvaśīyam]
Explanation: Vikramōrvaśīyam, a play by Kalidasa, tells the story of mortal King Pururavas and celestial
nymph Urvashi who fall in love. As an immortal, she has to return to the heavens, where an unfortunate
accident causes her to be sent back to the earth as a mortal with the curse that she will die (and thus
return to heaven) the moment her lover lays his eyes on the child which she will bear him. After a series
of mishaps, including Urvashi’s temporary transformation into a vine, the curse is lifted, and the lovers
are allowed to remain together on the earth.
300.The famous book Sutrakritanga provides detailed information about the life of:
[A] Mahavira
[B] Gautama Buddha
[C] Kapila
[D] Basavanna
Correct Answer: A [ Mahavira]
Explanation: Sutrakritanga is the second agama of the 12 main Angas of the Jain canons. It provides
detailed information about the life of Mahavira. It is also known as the Golden Book of Jainism.
301.Third Buddhist Council was held at which of the following places?

[A] Pataliputra
[B] Rajgir
[C] Vaishali
[D] Lumbini
Correct Answer: A [ Pataliputra ]
Explanation: The Third Buddhist council was convened in about 250 BCE at Asokarama in Pataliputra,
supposedly under the patronage of Emperor Ashoka. The council is recognized and known to both the
Theravada and Mahayana schools, though its importance is central only to the Theravada.
302.Acharanga Sutra is associated with which of the following religions?

[A] Jainism
[B] Buddhism
[C] Sikhism
[D] Ayyavazhi
Correct Answer: A [ Jainism ]
Explanation: Acharanga is the first of the twelve Angas, part of the agamas (religious texts) which were
compiled based on the teachings of Mahavira.
303.Which Indian city was also known as Kusumapura during the ancient period?
[A] Allahabad
[B] Patna
[C] Ujjain
[D] Amaravati
Correct Answer: B [ Patna]
Explanation: Patna was known as Kusumapura during the ancient period. Aryabhata called himself a
native of Kusumapura or Pataliputra (present day Patna, Bihar).
304.Which of the following Indus Valley sites is not a present in India?

[A] Chanhudaro
[B] Farmana
[C] Khirasara
[D] Loteshwar
Correct Answer: A [ Chanhudaro ]
Explanation: Chanhudaro is an archaeological site belonging to the post-urban Jhukar phase of Indus
valley civilization. The site is located 130 kilometers (81 mi) south of Mohenjo-daro, in Sindh, Pakistan.
305.Who wrote the book Pancha Siddhantika?

[A] Varahamihira
[B] Aryabhatta
[C] Brahmagupta
[D] Kalidas
Correct Answer: A [ Varahamihira ]
Explanation: Varahamihira was one of the only renowned Indian Astronomer, Mathematician and
Astrologer. Varahamihira was born in 499 A.D. into a family of Brahmins settled at Kapittha, a village near
Ujjain. He wrote the book Pancha Siddhantika.
306.Devichandraguptam, a play by Vishakhadatta, tells story about which of the following rulers?
[A] Sri Gupta
[B] Ramagupta
[C] Bhanugupta
[D] Vishnugupta
Correct Answer: B [ Ramagupta ]
Explanation: Ramagupta was the elder son and immediate successor of Samudragupta. Earlier, he was
known from the traditional narratives only, but later, three inscriptions on Jaina tirthankara images were
discovered from Durjanpur near Vidisha, which mention him as the Maharajadhiraja.
307. Bring out the only incorrect statement:

[A] Jorwe culture was most prominent in Maharashtra
[B] Hathonora is a site where a true hominid fossil was found
[C] The Earliest evidence of Rice cultivation has come from Belan Valley
[D] The people of all sites in Rajasthan during the Neolithic age were aware of Bricks
Correct Answer: D [ The people of all sites in Rajasthan during the Neolithic age were aware of Bricks ]
Explanation: The people of all sites in Rajasthan during the Neolithic age were aware of Bricks D is the
incorrect statement. People of Gilund in Rajasthan were NOT aware of bricks
308.Which of the following are two works of Kalidasa?

[A] Raghuvamsha and Kiratarjuniya
[B] Kumara Sambhav and Raghuvamsha
[C] Malti Madhava and Kumara Sambhava
[D] Malti Madhav and Kumara Sambhava
Correct Answer: B [ Kumara Sambhav and Raghuvamsha ]
Explanation: Kalidasa was one of the gems of the court of Gupta king Chandragupta II (375–415 CE). The
poems he wrote were usually of epic proportions and were written in classical Sanskrit. He wrote two epic
poems called Kumara sambhava, which means birth of Kumara and the Raghuvamsha, which means
dynasty of Raghu. There are also two lyric poems written by Kalidasa known as Meghadutta that stands
for cloud messenger and the Ritusamhara that means description of the seasons. Meghadutta is one of
the finest works of Kalidasa in terms of world literature. The beauty of the continuity in flawless Sanskrit
is unmatched till date. The most famous and beautiful work of Kalidasa is the Shakuntalam. It is the second
play of Kalidasa after he wrote Malavikagnimitra. The Shakuntalam tells the story of king Dushyant who
falls in love with a beautiful girl Shakuntala, who happens to be the daughter of a saint.
309. Which of the following rivers carries maximum quantity of water into the sea?
[A] Nile
[B] Amazon
[C] Mississippi Missouri
[D] Thames
Correct Answer: B [ Amazon ]
Explanation:Amazon River carries maximum quantity of water into the sea and is largest river by
discharge of water in the world,
310.Who was the first Indo-Greek king, who became Buddhist?

[A] Antiochus II
[B] Apollodotus I
[C] Apollodotus II
[D] Menander II
Correct Answer: D [ Menander II ]
Explanation:Menander II was the Indo-Greek king who established a large empire in the South Asia and
became a patron of Buddhism.
311.Which of the following are two works of Kalidasa?

[A] Raghuvamsha and Kiratarjuniya
[B] Kumara Sambhav and Raghuvamsha
[C] Malti Madhava and Kumara Sambhava
[D] Malti Madhav and Kumara Sambhava
Correct Answer: B [ Kumara Sambhav and Raghuvamsha ]
Explanation: Kalidasa was one of the gems of the court of Gupta king Chandragupta II (375–415 CE). The
poems he wrote were usually of epic proportions and were written in classical Sanskrit. He wrote two epic
poems called Kumara sambhava, which means birth of Kumara and the Raghuvamsha, which means
dynasty of Raghu. There are also two lyric poems written by Kalidasa known as Meghadutta that stands
for cloud messenger and the Ritusamhara that means description of the seasons. Meghadutta is one of
the finest works of Kalidasa in terms of world literature. The beauty of the continuity in flawless Sanskrit
is unmatched till date. The most famous and beautiful work of Kalidasa is the Shakuntalam. It is the second
play of Kalidasa after he wrote Malavikagnimitra. The Shakuntalam tells the story of king Dushyant who
falls in love with a beautiful girl Shakuntala, who happens to be the daughter of a saint.
312.Who was the first Indo-Greek king, who became Buddhist?
[A] Antiochus II
[B] Apollodotus I
[C] Apollodotus II
[D] Menander II
Correct Answer: D [ Menander II ]
Explanation: Menander II was the Indo-Greek king who established a large empire in the South Asia and
became a patron of Buddhism.
313. Who was the founder leader of ‘Muslim Faqirs’ ?

[A] Majnun Shah
[B] Dadu Mian
[C] Tipu
[D] Chirag Ali Shah
Correct Answer: A [ Majnun Shah ]
Explanation: Majnu Shah was a faqir (Sufi saint) of the Madariya Sufi order founded by Syed Badiuduin
Qutb-ul Shah Madar. His headquarters was at the shrine of Shah Madar in Makanpur near Kanpur. He
actively participated in the Fakir-Sannyasi Rebellion, and joined in many battles against the British East
India Company with his ‘pious team’. He was the founder leader of ‘Muslim Faqirs’.
314.Father of renaissance of Western India was__?

[A] B.M. Malabari
[B] M.G. Ranade
[C] R. G. Bhandarkar
[D] K.T. Telang
Correct Answer: B [ M.G. Ranade ]
Explanation: Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade (1842-1901) was a distinguished Indian scholar, social
reformer and author, sometimes called a Father of renaissance of Western India. He was one of the
founding members of the Indian National Congress . He established the “Widow Marriage Association” in
1861 to encourage and popularize it Ranade founded the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha in 1870, to represent
the Government, the aspiration of the people. Known to be the mentor and political guru of famous
freedom fighters Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and Bal Gangadhar Tilak. He was against caste system,
untouchability and was a strong supporter of widow-remarriage.
315.Who is often called as Hindu Luther of Northern India ?

[A] Dayanand Saraswati
[B] Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
[C] Radhakant Dev
[D] Keshav Chandra Sen
Correct Answer: B [ Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar ]
Explanation: Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was a great 19th century Bengali scholar, reformer, writer and
philanthropist, whose ideas remain relevant even in modern India. He had devoted his life to improving
the status of Hindu widows and encouraging remarriage. The outcome of these efforts was the Hindu
Widow Remarriage Act of 1856. That’s why he has come to be called the Hindu Luther of Northern India.
316. In the Indus Valley Civilisation(IVC) which among the following site has a unique water harnessing
system and its storm water drainage system?
[A] Dholavira
[B] Surkotada
[C] Daimabad
[D] Banawali
Correct Answer: A [ Dholavira]
Explanation: Dholavira located at the Khadirbet in Bhachau Taluka of Kutch District, Gujarat. The
archaeological finding at Dholavira are a) A unique water harnessing system and its storm water drainage
system. B) A large well & a bath (giant water reservoirs). C) Only site to be divided into 3 parts. D) Largest
Harappan inscription used for civic purpose. E) A stadium.
317.In the Indus Valley civilization the Great Granary was found in which among the following sites?
[A] Mohenjodaro
[B] Harappa
[C] Surkotada
[D] Lothal
Correct Answer: A [ Mohenjodaro ]
Explanation: In Mohenjodaro, the Great Granary ( the largest buliding of civilization) was found.
318.What is the meaning of term “Mohenjodaro” in Indus Valley Civilization?

[A] Mount of the dead
[B] Mount of the life
[C] ]Mount of the struggle
[D] Mount of the sorrow
Correct Answer: A [ Mount of the dead ]
Explanation: In the Indus Valley Civilization, Mohenjodaro literally means “Mound of the dead.
319.In the Indus Valley Civilization, the style of script is:

[A] Boustrophedon
[B] Pictographic
[C] Brahmi
[D] Not deciphered yet
Correct Answer: A [ Boustrophedon ]
Explanation: In the Indus Valley Civilization, the style of script is Boustrophedon i.e. Written from right to
left in first line and from left to right in second line.
320.At which Indus Valley Site, the remains of Horse bones have been found?
[A] Daimabad
[B] Harappa
[C] Kalibanga
[D] Surkotada
Correct Answer: D [ Surkotada ]
Explanation: In the Indus Valley Civilization, the remains of Horse bones have been found from Surkotada
site. The site at Surkotada is located 160 km north- east of Bhuj, in the district of Kutch, Gujarat.
321.What metals were known to the people of Indus valley civilisation?

[A] Copper, bronze, silver, gold but not iron
[B] Copper, silver, iron but not bronze
[C] Copper, gold, iron but not silver
[D] Copper, silver, iron but not gold
Correct Answer: A [ Copper, bronze, silver, gold but not iron ]
Explanation: The Indus valley people knew the use of copper, bronze, silver, gold but not iron.
322.Who was the priest of the Bharatas in the battle of Ten Kings?
[A] Visvamitra
[B] Vasishtha
[C] Atri
[D] Bhrigu
Correct Answer: A [ Visvamitra]
Explanation: The battle of ten kings was fought between Sudas, a Bharata king of the Tritsu family and
the confederacy of ten well-known tribes- Puru, Yadu, Turvasa, Anu, Druhyu, Alina, Paktha ,Bhalanas,Shiva
and Vishanin. In the bloody and decisive battle on the banks of River Purushni, the Bharatas emerged
victorious. The reason behind the war is the rivalry between Vishwamitra and Vasishtha.
323.That the homeland of the Aryans was Arctic Region, was propounded by ___?
[A] Max Muller
[B] Edward Meyer
[C] Bal Gangadhar Tilak
[D] Herzefeld
Correct Answer: C [ Bal Gangadhar Tilak ]
Explanation: The Arctic Home in the Vedas is a book on the origin of Aryans by Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar
Tilak The book was written at the end of 1898, but was first published in March 1903 in Pune .It
propounded the theory that the North Pole was the original home of Aryans during pre-glacial period
which they had to leave due to the ice deluge around 8000 B.C. And had to migrate to the Northern parts
of Europe and Asia in search of lands for new settlements. In support to his theory , Tilak has presented
certain Vedic hymns, East Iranian passages, Vedic chronology and Vedic calendars with interpretations of
the contents in detail.
324.King Ashvapati of the Upanishadic Age was the ruler of which among the following Kingdoms?
[A] Kekaya
[B] Matsya
[C] Panchala
[D] Sursena
Correct Answer: A [ Kekaya ]
Explanation: LATER VEDIC AGE – The Kekaya kingdom was situated on the bank of River Beas, east of
Gandhar kingdom. King Aswapati ruled Kekaya when Janak was the king of Videha.
325.With which among the following Vedas, the Shatapatha Brahmana is related to___?
[A] Rigveda
[B] Yajurveda
[C] Samaveda
[D] Atharvaveda
Correct Answer: B [ Yajurveda ]
Explanation: Yajurveda is the book of sacrificial prayers.The world’s oldest prose literature of the Indo-
Europeans is contained in Yajurveda.. There are two primary versions or Samhitas of the Yajurveda :
Shukla(white) and Krishna(black) This implies that the Krishna Yajurveda includes the Brahmana prose
discussions within the Samhita (no Brahman) while the Shukla Yajurveda has separately a Brahmana text,
Shatapatha.
326.Which of the following was not a diety of the Harappans?

[A] Shiva
[B] Mother Goddess
[C] Peepal Tree
[D] Vishnu
Correct Answer: D [ Vishnu ]
Explanation:Mother Goddess, Pashupati Shiva, Peepal, Pigeon, Swastik were worshipped by the
Harappans.
327.Which among the following places has given the earliest evidence of agriculture in Indian
Subcontinent?
[A] Brahmagiri
[B] Chirand
[C] Mehrgarh
[D] Burzahom
Correct Answer: C [ Mehrgarh ]
Explanation: The site of Mehrgarh is located near the Bolan Pass, in the region of Baluchistan, to the west
of the Indus River valley. In 1974, Mehrgarh excavated by the French Archaeologist Jean Francois Jarrige.
328.Robert Bruce Foote, who discovered first Palaeolithic tools in India, was originally ___?
[A] Palaeobotanist
[B] Geologist
[C] Archaeologist
[D] Historian
Correct Answer: B [ Geologist]
Explanation: Robert Bruce Foote – Father of Indian Pre-history. He was a geologist of the Geological
Survey of India, brought out publications on the tools found in the laterite formations in the then Madras
and South Arcot districts, documented the antiquities of the Neolithic and Iron Age in Salem district in
Tamil Nadu, wrote memoirs on the geology of the south Maharatta country and neighbouring districts,
collected antiquities, painted landscape such as “View of Cape Comorin, the Kumla Kumari Pagoda…” and
skilfully handled his finances.
329.Which of the following is the most common motif of the Indus Seals?
[A] Unicorn
[B] Bull
[C] Rhinoceros
[D] Elephant
Correct Answer: A [ Unicorn]
Explanation: The unicorn is the most common motif on Indus seals and appears to represent a mythical
animal that Greek and Roman sources trace back to the Indian subcontinent.
330.Which of the following Harappan towns is divided into three parts ?

[A] Kalibanga
[B] Lothal
[C] Chanhudaro
[D] Dholavira
Correct Answer: D [ Dholavira]
Explanation: The Dholavira is the largest Indus Valley Site in independent India. It is located on Khadir
Beyt, an island in the Great Rann of Kutch in Gujarat.It has been excavated by R S Bisht team of ASI. It had
three citadels. Each of these three citadels of Dholavira was improved than Harappa and Mohen-jo-Daro
and had an inner closure as well.
331.Which among the following can best define the Neolithic Revolution ?
[A] Green Revolution
[B] Technology Revolution
[C] Milk Revolution
[D] Agricultural Revolution
Correct Answer: D [ Agricultural Revolution]
Explanation: The Neolithic Revolution or Neolithic Demographic Transition, sometimes called the
Agricultural Revolution, was the world’s first historically verifiable revolution in agriculture. It was the
wide-scale transition of many human cultures from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of
agriculture and settlement which supported an increasingly large population. Archaeological data
indicates that various forms of plants and animal domestication evolved in separate locations worldwide,
starting around 12,000 years ago.
332.Rajatarangini, a book that generally recorded the heritage of Kashmir in the 12th Century, was written
by__:
[A] Pravaragupta
[B] Kalhana
[C] Lalitapida
[D] Kashyapa
Correct Answer: B [ Kalhana]
Explanation: Kalhana penned the book named Rajatarangini in 12th century CE. It is a metrical historical
chronicle of north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir, written in Sanskrit.
Rajatarangini describe the misrule prevailing in Kashmir during the reign of King Kalash, son of King Ananta
Deva of Kashmir.
333.Who among the following Kushan Emperors was the first to introduce the gold coinage in India?
[A] Vima Kadphises
[B] Vima Taktu
[C] Vasishka
[D] Kujula Kadphises
Correct Answer: A [ Vima Kadphises]
Explanation: Vima Kadphises was a Kushan emperor from around 90–100 AD. Vima Kadphises added to
the Kushan territory by his conquests in Afghanistan and north-west Pakistan. He issued an extensive
series of coins and inscriptions. He was the first to introduce gold coinage in India, in addition to the
existing copper and silver coinage.
334.The last ruler of the Mauryan Dynasty, who was assassinated by Pushyamitra Sunga, his commander-
in-chief was __ ?
[A] Bindusara
[B] Chandragupta
[C] Brihadrata
[D] Ashokavardhan
Correct Answer: C [ Brihadrata]
Explanation: Brihadrata was assassinated in 185 BCE during a military parade, by the commander-in-chief
of his guard, the Brahmin general Pusyamitra Sunga, who then took over the throne and established the
Sunga dynasty. Brihadrata, the last ruler of the Mauryan dynasty, held territories that had shrunk
considerably from the time of emperor Ashoka, although he still upheld the Buddhist faith.
335.Buddhacharita, the epic biography of Gautama Buddha in Sanskrit was written by__:
[A] Asvaghosa
[B] Indrabhuti
[C] Asanga
[D] Bodhisena
Correct Answer: A [ Asvaghosa]
Explanation: The Buddha Charita was the biography of Buddha which was penned by Ashvaghosa
probably in the first century C.E. He was a renowned Sanskrit poet. The Buddha Charita is made up of 28
songs recounting events in Shakyamuni Buddha’s life up to the time of his great awakening.
336.Which among the following kings was also known as Mamallan (great wrestler)?
[A] Pulakesi II
[B] Mahendravarman I
[C] Narasimhavarman I
Correct Answer: C [ Narasimhavarman I ]
Explanation: Narasimhavarman I was a Tamil king of the Pallava dynasty who ruled South India from 630–
668 A.D. Narasimhavarman was also known as Mamallan (great wrestler) and Mamallapuram
(Mahabalipuram) was named after him
337.Who among the following succeeded Samudragupta as the next ruler of Gupta Dynasty?
[A] Chandragupta II
[B] Chandragupta I
[C] Vishnugupta
[D] Mahendra
Correct Answer: A [ Chandragupta II]
Explanation: Chandragupta ll (380-412 A.D.) succeeded Samundragupta as the next ruler of Gupta
dynasty. He was also known as Devgupta, Devraj and Devshree. Some titled he adopted were : Vikramank,
Vikramaditya and Parambhagawat.
338.Which of the following was main capital of Kushana king Kanishka-I?

[A] Purushapura
[B] Pataliputra
[C] Taxila
[D] Mathura
Correct Answer: A [ Purushapura]
Explanation: The capital of Kanishka I was at Purushapura (modern Peshawar) and regional capitals were
Taxila (Pakistan), Begram (Afghanistan) and Mathura (India).
339.Who among the following introduced Shaka era?

[A] Ashoka
[B] Kanishka
[C] Rudraraman
[D] Bimbisara
Correct Answer: B [ Kanishka ]
Explanation: Kushana emperor Kanishka is credited with the initiation of the Saka era on his accession to
the throne in 78 A D.
340. Who was the first ruler of Kushana dynasty to issue gold coins in India?
[A] Vima Kadphises
[B] Kanishka
[C] Vasudeva
[D] Kujula Kadphises
Correct Answer: A [ Vima Kadphises ]
Explanation: The famous ruler of Kushana Empire, Vima Kadphises is best known for issuing large number
of Gold Coins. He is known to have maintained the Silk Route and trade with all sides including the China,
Alexandria and Roman Empire.
341.Who was the founder of Kushana Empire in India?

[A] Vima Kadphises
[B] Kujula Kadphises
[C] Kanishka
[D] Vasudeva
Correct Answer: B [ Kujula Kadphises ]
Explanation: Kujula Kadphises was the first Yueh Chi chief who crossed the Hindukush Mountains and laid
down the foundation of the Kushana Empire. He adopted the epithet of Dharma-thida and
Sachdharmathida.
342.Kushans belongs to which tribe?

[A] Yuchi
[B] Terai
[C] Ikswaku
[D] Jnatrika
Correct Answer: A [ Yuchi]
Explanation: Yuchi-Chis or Tocharians. As per the Chinese sources, the Kushanas (mentioned in Chinese
texts as Guishuang) were one of the 5 tribes of Yueh-Chi or Yuezhi. They were also known as Tocharians.
Their origin is connected to China and also Central Asia.
343.The ruler of Kushan dynasty, Kanishka was the follower of__?

[A] Jainism
[B] Hinayanism
[C] Hindusim
[D] Mahayanism
Correct Answer: D [ Mahayanism]
Explanation: Kanishka was the follower of Mahayanism or the new theory of Buddhism. Mahayana means
the Greater Vehicle. It refers to the path of the Bodhisattva seeking complete enlightenment for the
benefit of all sentient beings, also called Bodhisattva Vehicle.
344.Which of the following is the period assigned to reign of Harshavardhana?

[A] 600 – 650 A.D
[B] 606 – 647 A.D.
[C] 500 – 550 A.D.
[D] 550 – 600 A.D.
Correct Answer: B [ 606 – 647 A.D. ]
Explanation: The period assigned to Harsha Vardhana reign is 606-647 A.D. He is regarded as the last
great Hindu emperor of India, who ruled over Northern India.
345. Who was the father of King Harshavardhan?

[A] Prabhakara Vardhana
[B] Bhaskar vardhan
[C] Jaivardhan
[D] Mahavardhan
Correct Answer: A [ Prabhakara Vardhana]
Explanation: Prabhakara Vardhana, the founder of Vardhana Dynasty ruled from 580-605 AD. He had two
sons – Rajya Vardhan and Harshvardhan and one daughter, Rajyasri. He died fighting with the Huns in 605
A.D.
346.What was the name of the Lichchavi princess who Chandragupta-I married?
[A] Kumara Devi
[B] Kubernaga
[C] Dhruva Devi
[D] Vasu Devi
Correct Answer: A [ Kumara Devi ]
Explanation: The Gupta emperor Chandragupta I married a Lichchavi princess Kumara Devi, who was the
heiress to the throne of the Lichchavis and by her marriage with Chandragupta the two states got united.
Lichchhavi Princess Kumari Devi was the first Indian Queen featured on a coin.
347.In context of Gupta empire during whose time period was the Iron Pillar in Delhi erected?
[A] Samudragupta
[B] Chandragupta II
[C] Kumargupta I
[D] Skandgupta
Correct Answer: B [ Chandragupta II ]
Explanation: As per Natya-darpana ( by Vishakadata), the Iron pillar had been put up by Chandragupta II
himself after defeating Vahilakas. He designated that pillar as a memory of the victory. The pillar is made
of 98% wrought iron and has stood more than 1,600 years without rusting or decomposing.
348.Which of the following are the famous temples of Gupta empire?

[A] Mukund Darra Temple, Kota
[B] Dasavtar Temple, Jhansi
[C] Vishnu Temple, Tigawa
[D] All of the above
Correct Answer: D [ All of the above ]

Explanation: The famous temples of Gupta Age are as follows: a) Vishnu Temple, Tigawa(Jabalpur) b)
Shiva Temple, Bhumara(Nagaud) c) Parvati Temple, Nachria Kuthara d) Dasavtar Temple, Deogarh(Jhansi)
e) Shiva Temple, Koh(Nagaland) f) Bhitragaon Temple, Bhitragaon g) Lakshman Temple, Kanpur(Brick
made) h) Lakshman Temple, Sirpur (Raipur) i) Mukund Darra Temple, Kota j) Dhammekh Temple, Sarnath
k) Jarasangh’s Sitting, Rajgrih (Bihar)
349.Who among the following Gupta emperor made Ujjain as his second capital?
[A] Samudragupta
[B] Chandragupta II
[C] Kumargupta I
[D] Kumargupta I
Correct Answer: B [ Chandragupta II]
Explanation: Chandragupta II Vikramaditya made Ujjain as second capital of his empire.
350. Which of the following inscriptions mentions Chandragupta Vikramaditya’s authority over North-
Western India?
[A] Mehrauli iron pillar inscription
[B] Beirut inscription
[C] Junagarh inscription
[D] Allahbad pillar inscription
Correct Answer: A [ Mehrauli iron pillar inscription]
Explanation: The Mehrauli iron pillar inscription mentions Chandragupta Vikramaditya’s authority over
north western India and a good portion of Bengal. This pillar was established by Chandragupta as
Vishnupada in the honor of Lord Vishnu.
351.Which of the following is / are the 9 gems of Chandragupta Vikramaditya?

[A] Amarsimha
[B] Harisena
[C] Kahapanaka
Correct Answer: D [ All of the above]
Explanation: The nine gems or Navratnas adorned in the court of Chandragupta II Vikramaditya are
Amarsimha, Dhanvantri, Harisena, Kalidasa, Kahapanaka, Sanku, Varahamihira, Vararuchi
and.Vetalbhatta
352. The gold coins issued during the reign of Chandragupta Vikramaditya were known as__?
[A] Dinara
[B] Couch
[C] Archer
[D] Chhatra
Correct Answer: A [ Dinara ]
Explanation: The gold coins issued during the reign of Chandragupta Vikramaditya were known as
Dinara.
353. Who defeated the Saka king Rudrasimha III and annexed his kingdom?
[A] Ramagupta
[B] Chandragupta II
[C] Kumargupta I
[D] Samudragupta
Correct Answer: B [ Chandragupta II ]
Explanation: Chandragupta II defeated the Saka king Rudrasimha III and annexed his kingdom and
assumed the title Vikramaditya. This brought an end to Saka-Kshatrapa rule in western India and added
the regions of Gujarat, Kathiawad and west Malwa to the Gupta empire.
354.Who granted permission to Buddhist king of Ceylon Meghavarman to build a monastic at Bodh
Gaya?
[A] Samudragupta
[B] Kumargupta
[C] Skandgupta
[D] Chandragupta II
Correct Answer: A [ Samudragupta]
Explanation: The Gupta emperor, Samudragupta granted permission to Buddhist king of Ceylon
Meghavarman to build a monastry at Bodh Gaya. Hence, he was also known as Anukampavan (full of
compassion).
355.The Gupta Emperor Chandragupta II was succeeded by whom?

[A] Kumargupta I
[B] Skandgupta
[C] Buddhagupta
[D] Vishnugupta
Correct Answer: A [ Kumargupta I ]
Explanation: The Gupta Emperor Chandragupta II was succeeded by Kumargupta I in 415 AD. He adopted
the title of Mahendraditya. His rule is known for peace and prosperity. He ruled till 455 AD.
356.The Sudarshan lake repaired second time under the reign of__?
[A] Skandgupta
[B] Kumargupta
[C] Rudradaman
[D] Parnadatta
Correct Answer: A [ Skandgupta]
Explanation: The Junagarh inscription gives the information about the Sudharshan lake that the lake was
an artificial reservoir, was built by the Mauryan emperors for checking floods. Around 150 AD, the lake
was repaired by the Shaka ruler Rudradaman I. And, it was again repaired under the Skandgupta’s reign
(415 AD- 455AD) by his govemor Parnadatta.
357.The Nalanda University was founded by which Gupta ruler?

[A] Samudragupta
[B] Kumargupta I
[C] Skandgupta
[D] Chandragupta I
Correct Answer: B [ Kumargupta I ]
Explanation: The Nalanda University was founded by Gupta emperor Kumargupta I. He adopted the title
of Mahendraditya.
358.Who among the following foreign traveller came to India during the reign of Chandragupta II?
[A] Hiuen-Tsang
[B] Fa Hein
[C] Megasthenes
[D] Ibn Batuta
Correct Answer: B [ Fa Hein]
Explanation: Fa-hein, the first Chinese Buddhist traveller and monk, came to India during the reign of
Gupta emperor Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya). And wrote the book “Si-Yu-Ki” that gives the detail
account of the political and social condition of that time.
359.Under whose reign the Chinese traveller Fa-hein came to India?

[A] Samudragupta
[B] Kumargupta I
[C] Skandgupta
[D] Chandragupta II
Correct Answer: D [ Chandragupta II ]
Explanation: Fa-hein, the first Chinese Buddhist traveller and monk, came to India during the reign of
Gupta emperor Chandragupta II and wrote the book “Si- Yu-Ki” that gives the detail account of the political
and social condition of that time.
360.Who composed Prayag-Prashasti inscription during the Gupta period?

[A] Harisena
[B] Veerasena
[C] Amarkhaddava
[D] Aswaghosa
Correct Answer: A [ Harisena]
Explanation: Harisena was the court poet of Samudragupta, who mentioned the achievements of
Samudragupta in the Prayag-Prasasti inscription (or Allahabad Pillar inscription).
361.Who among the following was the ruler of Kanchi during the period of Samudragupta?
[A] Vishnugopa
[B] Harshvardhan
[C] Hastivarman
[D] Kanishka
Correct Answer: A [ Vishnugopa]
Explanation: In the Allahabad Pillar inscription, it is noted that Samdragupta defeated twelve rulers of
Dakshinapatha. In the list of defeated rulers, King Vishnugopa (Pallava dynasty ) of Kanchi is also
mentioned.
362.Whom did Skandgupta appointed as the the Provincial Governor of Saurashtra?

[A] Virasena
[B] Parnadatta
[C] Harisena
[D] Amarkhaddava
Correct Answer: B [ Parnadatta]
Explanation: In the Skandgupta’s Junagarh Inscription, it is mentioned that Skandagupta appointed
Parnadatta as goptri (governor) of Surashtra (Saurashtra).
363.Which among the following era is identical with Gupta era?

[A] Vikram era
[B] Vallabhi era
[C] Saka era
[D] Harsha era
Correct Answer: B [ Vallabhi era]
Explanation: Vallabhi era is identical with Gupta era and Vallabhi era followed Gupta era in A.D. 366.
364.Which among the following is / are works of Kalidasa? 1. Ritusamhara 2. Meghaduta 3.

Malavikagnimitra 4. Kumarashambhava 5. Abhijnana Sakuntalam Choose the correct option from the
codes given below:
[A] 1, 2 & 4
[B] 1, 2, 3 & 4
[C] 1, 2, 4 &5
Explanation: Kalidasa was regarded as the greatest poet and dramatist of ancient India. He wrote the
Ritusamhara, the Meghadutta, the Kumarasambava, the Raghuvansa, the Viramavamsiya, the
Malavikagnimitra and Abhijnana Sakuntalam. He was the court poet of Chandragupta II.
365.Who assumed the title of ‘Ksitipasatapatih’ (Lord of hundred Kings)?

[A] Samudragupta
[B] Skandgupta
[C] Ashoka
[D] Chandragupta I
Correct Answer: B [ Skandgupta ]
Explanation: The titles of Skandagupta are Parambhattaraka, Paramdevta, Maharajadhiraj, Kramaditya,
Vikramaditya, etc. In the Kahaum inscription he is also known as KsitipaSatapatih (or lord of a hundred
kings).
366.The achievements of Samudragupta are mentioned in which inscription?

[A] Hathigumpha inscription
[B] Allahabad Pillar inscription
[C] Bairut inscription
[D] Junagarh Pillar inscription
Correct Answer: B [ Allahabad Pillar inscription]
Explanation: The achievements of Samudragupta are composed by his court-poet Harisena in Allahabad
Pillar inscription ( or Prayag-Prasasti inscription).
367.Which the following rulers is known as the ‘Napoleon of India’?

[A] Samudragupta
[B] Ashoka
[C] Chandragupta I
[D] Skandgupta
Correct Answer: A [ Samudragupta ]
Explanation: Samudragupta believed in the policy of war and conquest and because of his bravery and
generalship he is known as the “Napoleon of India” by historian Vincent. A. Smith.
368.Which of the following was capital of Guptas?

[A] Taxila
[B] Pataliputra
[C] Ujjain
[D] Mathura
Correct Answer: B [ Pataliputra ]
Explanation: Patliputra was the capital city of Gupta dynasty.
369.Which among the following was the last ruler of Gupta empire?
[A] Vishnugupta
[B] Chandragupta II
[C] Buddhagupta
[D] Kumaragupta II
Correct Answer: A [ Vishnugupta ]
Explanation: Vishnugupta was the last ruler of the Gupta empire. His reign lasted 10 years, from 540 to
550 CE.
370. Who among the following rulers of Gupta dynasty started Gupta Era?
[A] Vishnugupta
[B] Chandragupta I
[C] Skandgupta
[D] Samudragupta
Correct Answer: B [ Chandragupta I ]
Explanation: The Gupta Era was started by Chandragupta I in 319-320 AD. He was the real founder of
the Gupta dynasty and was known as Maharajadhiraja (king of kings).
371.Who among the following of Gupta dynasty adopted the title ‘Kaviraja’?
[A] Chandragupta I
[B] Kumargupta
[C] Samudragupta
[D] Skandgupta
Correct Answer: C [ Samudragupta ]
Explanation: Samudragupta adopted the title of Kaviraj (King of poets), he was an expert ‘ Veena’
player.
372.Who was the court poet of Samudragupta?

[A] Harisena
[B] Asanga
[C] Veerasena Saba
[D] Vasubandhu
Correct Answer: A [ Harisena]
Explanation: Harisena was the court poet of Samudragupta, who mentioned the achievements of
Samudragupta in the Prayag-Prasasti inscription.
373.Which Gupta emperor was an expert Veena player?

[A] Sri Gupta
[B] Samudragupta
[C] Chandragupta I
[D] Kumargupta I
Correct Answer: B [ Samudragupta]
Explanation: Samudragupta was an expert ‘ Veena’ player and adopted the title of Kaviraj (King of
poets). He was not only a great warrior but also a great patron of art and literature.
374.Who was the founder of Gupta Dynasty?

[A] Sri Gupta
[B] Samudragupta
[C] Chandragupta I
[D] Chandragupta II
Correct Answer: A [ Sri Gupta]
Explanation: Sri Gupta was the founder of Gupta Dynasty and adopted the title ‘Maharaj’.
375. Which among the following were the scholars in the Court of Kanishka-I?
[A] Vasumitra, Asvaghosa and Parsva
[B] Nagarjuna, Charaka and Mathara
[C] Charaka, Vasumitra and Asvaghosa
Explanation: The great scholars in the Court of Kanishka I were Asvaghosa (the Buddhist poet), Nagarjuna
(the philosopher), Samgharaksha (the chaplain), Mathara (the politician), Vasumitra (the Buddhist
scholar), Charaka (the physician) and Agisala (the engineer).
376. The Sakas introduced Satrap system of government along with whom?
[A] Parthians
[B] Kushans
[C] Sungas
[D] Satavahanas
Correct Answer: A [ Parthians ]
Explanation: The Sakas introduced Satrap system of government along with Parthians that was similar to
that of the Achaemenid and Seleucid systems in Iran. Under this system, the kingdom was divided into
provinces each under military governor Mahakshatrapa (great satrap). The governors of lower status were
called kshatrapas (satraps). These governors had the power to issue their own inscriptions and mint their
own coins.
377.Which Saka ruler was responsible for important irrigation works in Saurashtra?
[A] Rudraraman
[B] Moga
[C] Azes
[D] Nahapana
Correct Answer: A [ Rudraraman ]
Explanation: The Saka ruler, Rudradraman was responsible for important irrigation works in Saurashtra.
His military achievements, his territories and his many personal qualities are highlighted in the famous
Junagadh inscription, written in 150 AD. It is the first major inscription to be written in sanskrit.
378. Which of the following passes was used by Sakas to come to India?
[A] Bolan Pass
[B] Nathu La Pass
[C] Shipki La Pass
[D] Bara-lacha la Pass
Correct Answer: A [ Bolan Pass]
Explanation: The Sakas came to India through the Bolan Pass. They were a Scythian tribe or group of
tribes of Iranian origin.
379.Who overthrew Saka rulers from India?

[A] Gautami putra Satakarni
[B] Kanishka
[C] Rudraraman
[D] Demetrius
Correct Answer: A [ Gautami putra Satakarni]
Explanation: The sakas were finally overthrown by Gautamiputra Satakarni, the ruler of Satavahana
dynasty. He killed Saka ruler Nahapana and his governor Rishavadatta and restored his territories.
380.Who composed Buddhacharita?

[A] Kanishka I
[B] Kanishka II
[C] Asvaghosha
[D] Charak
Correct Answer: C [ Asvaghosha ]
Explanation: Asvaghosha, a poet in the court of Kaniska I, composed biography of Buddha
(Buddhacharita). He was the first dramatist who used Sanskrit in composing the plays.
381. Who was the court physician during the reign of Kanishka-I?
[A] Charak
[B] Vasumitra
[C] Nagarjuna
[D] Asvaghosa
Correct Answer: A [ Charak ]
Explanation: Charak was the court physician of Kanishka I. He was one of the principal contributors to
the ancient art and science of Ayurveda, a system of medicine and lifestyle developed in Ancient India.
He is sometimes referred to as the Father of Indian Medicine.
382.Who composed Nasik Inscription in which achievements of Gautamiputra Satkarni were recorded?
[A] Gautamiputra Satkarni
[B] Sarkarni- I
[C] Kanha
[D] Gautami
Correct Answer: D [ Gautami]
Explanation: The achievements of Gutamiputra Satkarni were mentioned in Nasik Inscription that were
composed by his mother Gautami Balasri. The Nasik Prasasti describes Gautamiputra as the ruler of the
Aparanta, Anupa, Saurashtra, Kukura, Akara and Avanti and defeated the Saka King Nahapana and
restored the prestige of his dynasty by reconquering a large part of the former dominions of the
Satavahanas.
383.Who was the mother of Gautamiputra Satkarni?

[A] Shubhadrangi
[B] Nirjara
[C] Gautami
[D] Koshala
Correct Answer: C [ Gautami]
Explanation: The mother of the famous Satvahana ruler Gautamiputra Satkarni was Gautami Balasri.
The Nasik inscription was made by her that denotes the achievements of her son, Gautamiputra
Satkarni.
384.The achievements of which ruler was recorded in Nasik Inscription?

[A] Ashoka
[B] Bindusara
[C] Devabhumi
[D] Gautamiputra Satkarni
Correct Answer: D [ Gautamiputra Satkarni ]
Explanation: The achievements of Gautamiputra Satkarni were mentioned in Nasik Inscription, who
were made by his mother Gautami Balasri. In it, Gautamiputra Satkarni was mentioned as the destroyer
of the Sakas, Pahlavas and the Yavanas.
385.Which Saka king defeated by Gautamiputra Satakarni?
[A] Moga
[B] Rudradaman -I
[C] Menander
[D] Nahapana
Correct Answer: D [ Nahapana ]
Explanation: The famous Satvahana ruler Gautamiputra Satkarni defeated the Saka King Nahapana and
restored the prestige of his dynasty by reconquering a large part of the former dominions of the
Satavahanas.
386.Who was the first Satvahana King?

[A] Simuka
[B] Satkarni
[C] Vashisthaputra
[D] Gautamiputra
Correct Answer: A [ Simuka ]
Explanation: Simuka (230-207 BC) was the founder of Satvahana dynasty, who conquered the present-
day Maharashtra and parts of Madhya Pradesh. He was succeeded by his brother Kanha, who further
extended his state to the present day Andhra Pradesh.
387. Who wrote Malvikagnimitra?

[A] Kalidas
[B] Tulsidas
[C] Agnimitra
[D] Chanakya
Correct Answer: A [ Kalidas ]

Explanation: Malvikagnimitra is a five-act drama based on Sunga king Agnimitra’s love for Vidharbha
princess Malvika. It was a Sanskrit play written by Kalidas.
388. Who wrote Mahabhashya?

[A] Panini
[B] Patanjali
[C] Kalidas
[D] Tulsidas
Correct Answer: B [ Patanjali ]
Explanation: Mahabhashya was written by Patanjali. It is a commentary on selected rules of Sanskrit
grammar from Paini’s treatise, the Ashtadhyayi and Katyayana’s Varttika.
389.Pushyamitra, the founder ruler of Sunga Dynasty performed how many Ashvamedha sacrifices?
[A] None
[B] 1
[C] 2
[D] 3
Correct Answer: B [ 1 ]
Explanation: The founder of Sunga dynasty, Pushyamitra Sunga is recorded to have performed two
Ashvamedhas to promote orthodox brahamical faith during his rule.
390. Heliodorus was the Greek ambassador of which of the following Indo-Greek kings?
[A] Antialcidas Nikephoros
[B] Selecus Nicator
[C] Alexander
[D] Constantine
Correct Answer: A [ Antialcidas Nikephoros ]
Explanation: Heliodorus was the Greek ambassador of Indo-Greek king Antialcidas Nikephoros of Taxila
in the court of Sunga King Bhagbhadra. He erected famous votive Heliodorus pillar around 110 BC near
Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh.
391.Heliodorus’ a Greek ambassador of the Indo-Greek king was sent to the court of which ruler?
[A] Bhagbhadra
[B] Devabhut
[C] Pushyamitra
[D] Ghosha
Correct Answer: A [ Bhagbhadra ]
Explanation: Heliodorus was the Greek ambassador sent to the court of Sunga King, Bhagbhadra by the
Greek King of Taxila, Antialkidas. Heliodorus erected famous votive Heliodorus pillar around 110 BC near
Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh.
392.Who was contemporary of Pushyamitra Sunga?

[A] Patanjali
[B] Kalidas
[C] Heliodorus
[D] Vasudeva
Correct Answer: A [ Patanjali ]

Explanation: The great grammarian Patanjali is said to be a contemporary of Pushyamitra Sunga, who
founded Sunga dynasty by assassinating the last ruler of Mauryan Empire.
393.Who was the founder of Sunga Dynasty?

[A] Pushyamitra
[B] Agnimitra
[C] Vasumitra
[D] Vajramitra
Correct Answer: A [ Pushyamitra ]
Explanation: Pushyamitra Sunga laid the foundation of Sunga Dynasty by assassinating Brihadratha
Maurya (the last ruler of the Mauryan Empire). He was Commander-in-Chief in the army of Mauryan
Emperor. Pushyamitra Sunga ruled for 36 years and was succeeded by his son Agnimitra. Devabhuti, the
last ruler of the Sunga dynasty, was overthrown by Vasudeva who founded Kanva dynasty in 75 BC.
394.The greatest Chera King remembered for building a temple of ‘Kannagi’ the Goddess of Chastity?
[A] Elara
[B] Karikala
[C] Senguttuvan
[D] Mudukudumi
Correct Answer: C [ Senguttuvan]
Explanation: Senguttuvan (also knoown as Red Chera) was the greatest Chera king who is remembered
for building a temple of ‘Kannagi’ the Goddess of Chastity and founded the famous Pattini cult.
395.Who was the earliest known Chola King who conquered Sri Lanka and ruled it ?
[A] Karikala
[B] Elara
[C] Udiyangera
[D] Nedunjelian
Correct Answer: B [ Elara ]
Explanation: Elara was the earliest known Chola King and conquered Srilanka and ruled over it for 50
years.
396. Who was the chairman of Third Tamil Sangam?

[A] Nakkirar
[B] Agastaya
[C] Tiruttakkadevar
[D] Chintamani
Correct Answer: A [ Nakkirar ]
Explanation: Nakkirar was the chairman of 3rd Tamil Sangam held at North Madurai.
397.Who is known as the Father of Tamil literature?

[A] Nakkirar
[B] Pushyamitra
[C] Aggatiyam
[D] Agastaya
Correct Answer: D [ Agastaya ]
Explanation: As per Tamil sources, the father of Tamil literature is ‘Agastaya’.
398. The word ‘Sangam’ of Sangam Age was closely associated with which of the following?
[A] Crowd
[B] Assembly
[C] Influence
[D] Source
Correct Answer: B [ Assembly ]
Explanation: The word Sangam is associated with a College or Assembly of Tamil scholars and Poets .
399.Variyar, the Revenue term was used for which action?

[A] Tax Collector
[B] Extra Demand
[C] Land Tax
[D] Custom Duty
Correct Answer: A [ Tax Collector]
Explanation: Term ‘Variyar’ was used for Tax Collector.
400. In the Sangam age, ‘Karai’ the revenue term is related with__?
[A] Collecting Tax
[B] Land Tax
[C] Custom Duties
[D] None
Correct Answer: B [ Land Tax]
Explanation: The Term Karai was used for Land Tax in the Sangam Period.
401.The word ‘Sangam’ of Sangam Age was closely associated with which of the following?
[A] Crowd
[B] Assembly
[C] Influence
[D] Source
Correct Answer: B [ Assembly]
Explanation: The word Sangam is associated with a College or Assembly of Tamil scholars and Poets .
402.Variyar, the Revenue term was used for which action?

[A] Tax Collector
[B] Extra Demand
[C] Land Tax
[D] Custom Duty
Correct Answer: A [ Tax Collector]
Explanation: Term ‘Variyar’ was used for Tax Collector.
403.In the Sangam age, ‘Karai’ the revenue term is related with__?
[A] Collecting Tax
[B] Land Tax
[C] Custom Duties
[D] None
Correct Answer: B [ Land Tax ]
Explanation: The Term Karai was used for Land Tax in the Sangam Period.
404.Uraiyur was an ancient Chola city famous for__?

[A] Pearls
[B] Ship Building
[C] Houses
[D] Grammar
Correct Answer: A [ Pearls]
Explanation: Uraiyur was famous for Pearls and Muslims.
405.Which among the following was the royal emblem of Pandya Kingdom?
[A] Fish
[B] Carp
[C] Bow
[D] Both a & b
Correct Answer: D [ Both a & b ]
Explanation: Fish / Carp was the royal emblem of Pandya Kingdom. The Pandyas were also mentioned by
Megasthanese who said that then kingdom was famous for pearls.
406.Which among the following was the royal emblem of Chera Kingdom?
[A] Tiger
[B] Bow
[C] Fish
[D] Carp
Correct Answer: B [ Bow ]
Explanation: Bow was the royal emblem of Chera Kingdom.
407.Which among the following was the royal emblem of Chola Kingdom?
[A] Bow
[B] Tiger
[C] Carp
[D] Fish
Correct Answer: B [ Tiger]
Explanation: The Chola kingdom was known as Cholamandulam, it was situated to the north-east of
Pandya kingdom between Pennar and Vellar rivers. Tiger was the royal emblem of Chola Kingdom.
408.In context of Sangam Age, which among the following was the ruling class in society?
[A] Arasar
[B] Kadaisiyar
[C] Enadi
[D] Pandyas
Correct Answer: A [ Arasar]
Explanation: In Sangam period, Arasar was the ruling class in society.
409.Which among the following was the capital of Pandyas Kingdom?

[A] Tondi
[B] Musiri
[C] Madurai
[D] Kaveripattnam
Correct Answer: C [ Madurai]

Explanation: Madurai was the capital of Pandya Kingdom.
410.Who among the following was the first person to scale Mount Everest without supplemental oxygen?
[A] Terence Bannon
[B] Duncan Chessell
[C] Reinhold Messner
[D] Jean Troillet
Correct Answer: C [ Reinhold Messner ]
Explanation: Reinhold Messner (German) is the first person to scale Mount Everest without supplemental
oxygen, along with Peter Habeler in 1978. He is also first climber to ascend all fourteen peaks over 8,000
metres (26,000 ft) above sea level, including the Mount Everest.
411.Who among the following was the first person to scale Mount Everest without supplemental oxygen?
[A] Terence Bannon
[B] Duncan Chessell
[C] Reinhold Messner
[D] Jean Troillet
Correct Answer: C [ Reinhold Messner]
Explanation: Reinhold Messner (German) is the first person to scale Mount Everest without supplemental
oxygen, along with Peter Habeler in 1978. He is also first climber to ascend all fourteen peaks over 8,000
metres (26,000 ft) above sea level, including the Mount Everest.
412. Which type of forests occupies the highest percentage of area in India?
[A] Tropical deciduous
[B] Savanna and desert vegetation
[C] Equatorial evergreen
[D] Tropical Rainforests
Correct Answer: A [ Tropical deciduous ]
Explanation: Tropical Deciduous Forests: They are also called the “Monsoon forests”. They grow in the
areas with annual rainfall of 70-200 cm. Sandal wood, Shisam, Mahua, Sal, Teak and Bamboo are
important species of trees. Moist deciduous and the dry deciduous forests are two major categories of
these forests.
413.Export of which of the following is an Invisible Export?

[A] Services
[B] Prohibited goods
[C] Unrecorded goods
[D] Goods through smuggling
Correct Answer: A [ Services]
Explanation: Any export that does not have a tangible physical presence (e.g. expertise, insurance
underwriting). Here, Invisible Export means export of Services
414.The Pir Panjal range is located in which of the following states?

[A] Arunachal Pradesh
[B] Jammu and Kashmir
[C] Punjab
[D] Uttarakhand
Correct Answer: B [ Jammu and Kashmir ]
Explanation: The Pir Panjal ranges lie in the Inner Himalayan region, running from east southeast to west
northwest across the states of Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir in India as well as Pakistan
Administered Kashmir in Pakistan, where the average elevation varies from 1,400 m to 4,100 m.
415. The Sankosh river forms boundary between which of the following two states?
[A] Bihar and West Bengal
[B] Assam and Arunachal Pradesh
[C] Assam and West Bengal
[D] Bihar and Jharkhand
Correct Answer: B [ Assam and Arunachal Pradesh]
Explanation: Sankosh river forms boundary between Assam and Arunachal Pradesh
416.In which of the following regions, maize is used as staple food?

[A] Western Europe
[B] Russia
[C] Middle Africa
[D] South-East Asia
Correct Answer: C [ Middle Africa ]
Explanation: Maize or corn is a cereal crop that is grown widely throughout the world in a range of
agroecological environments. The grains are rich in vitamins A, C and E, carbohydrates, and essential
minerals, and contain 9% protein. They are also rich in dietary fiber and calories which are a good source
of energy. (Staple food is the name for a food that can be stored easily, and eaten throughout the year.)
It’s an important staple food for more than 1.2 billion people in Middle Africa.
417. The place Dharanikota in South India is related to which ancient dynasty?
[A] Chola
[B] Satavahana
[C] Pandya
[D] Chera
Correct Answer: B [ Satavahana ]
Explanation: Dharanikota is a town near Amaravati in the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh in India, It is
the site of the ancient Dhanyakataka which was the capital of the Satavahana kingdom which ruled in the
Deccan around the 1st to 3rd centuries A.D.
418.Pushkalavati was capital of which of the following acient Kingdoms?

[A] Gandhara
[B] Kosal
[C] Magadha
[D] Kashi
Correct Answer: A [ Gandhara ]
419. Who among the following was propounder of the Madhyamika Philosophy?
[A] Bhadrabahu
[B] Parshwanath
[C] Sheelbhadra
[D] Nagarjuna
Correct Answer: D [ Nagarjuna ]
Explanation: Nagarjuna (ca. 2nd or 3rd century) was a patriarch of Mahayana and the founder of
Madhyamika School.
420.Which of the following Rigvedic deities represented Storm?

[A] Indra
[B] Maruts
[C] Varun
[D] Apas
Correct Answer: B [ Maruts ]
Explanation: Aryans, The Vedic Age – Religion : They personified force of nature and worshipped them as
Vayu (air), Maruts (storm), Indra (rain), Varuna (water), Surya (sun), Agni (fire), Prithvi (earth), Aranyani
(forest) etc.
421.The place Dharanikota in South India is related to which ancient dynasty?

[A] Chola
[B] Satavahana
[C] Pandya
[D] Chera
Correct Answer: B [ Satavahana ]
Explanation: Dharanikota is a town near Amaravati in the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh in India, It is
the site of the ancient Dhanyakataka which was the capital of the Satavahana kingdom which ruled in the
Deccan around the 1st to 3rd centuries A.D.
422.Pushkalavati was capital of which of the following acient Kingdoms?

[A] Gandhara
[B] Kosal
[C] Magadha
[D] Kashi
Correct Answer: A [ Gandhara ]
423.“_____________is believed to mark the main site of Hastinapur, which was capital of Kauravas and
Pandava The imperial gazetteer of India quotes about which of the following places?
[A] Delhi
[B] Ghaziabad
[C] Meerut
[D] Faridabad
Correct Answer: C [ Meerut ]
Explanation: Meerut will be the correct answer.
424.“Revere all the Buddhas, revere the dharma, revere the sangha” Which among the following quotes
this _________?
[A] Allahabad Pillar Inscription
[B] Asoka Edict XII
[C] Asoka Edict X
[D] Mathura Lion capital
Correct Answer: D [ Mathura Lion capital]
Explanation: Mathura Lion capital will be the correct answer.
425.What was the capital of Surasena Mahajanpada?

[A] Viratnagar
[B] Mathura
[C] Taxila
[D] Kashi
Correct Answer: B [ Mathura]
Explanation: Mathura will be the correct answer.
426.In which of the following Russo-Persian wars Russia was defeated?

[A] first
[B] second
[C] third
[D] none
Correct Answer: D [ none]
Explanation: There was a series of 4 Russo-Persian wars in 1722-23, 1796, 1804, 1826-28 and all of the
Russia was victorious.
427.World’s first oil paintings have been found in which of the following countries?
[A] India
[B] Pakistan
[C] Afghanistan
[D] Iran
Correct Answer: C [ Afghanistan]
Explanation: World’s first oil painting were found in Bamiyan caves in Afghanistan.
428.Begram in Afghanistan was a capital of which of the following kings?

[A] Kanishka
[B] Asoka
[D] Samudragupta
Correct Answer: A [ Kanishka ]
Explanation: Kanishka will be the correct answer.
429. Which among the following is the correct location of an ancient site Deh Morsai Ghundai?
[A] Northern Pakistan
[B] Eastern Persia
[C] Modern Turkey
[D] Afghanistan
Correct Answer: D [ Afghanistan]
Explanation: Afghanistan will be the correct answer.
430. At which among the following sites the where first evidence of cultivation of cotton has been found?
[A] Piklihal
[B] Hathonora
[C] Nal
[D] Ghaligai
Correct Answer: C [ Nal ]
Explanation: Nal will be the correct answer.
431.At which of the following sites, largest variety of food grains in the Chalcolithic age has been found?
[A] Navdatoli
[B] Gilund
[C] Adamgarh
[D] Banahali
Correct Answer: A [ Navdatoli ]
Explanation: Navdatoli will be the correct answer.
432.Consider the following statements: 1. First human like appearance was in Australopithecus 2. First
known Homo species is Homo heidelbergensis Which among the above statements is / are correct ?
[A] 1 only
[B] 2 only
[C] both
[D] none
Correct Answer: A [ 1 only]
Explanation: First known Homo species is Homo habilis
433.Consider the following statements: 1. Both Ramapithecus & Shivapithecus have been considered the
earliest ancestors of modern human beings 2. While Ramapithecus is a male fossil, Shivapithecus is a
female fossil Which among the above statements is / are correct?
[A] 1 only
[B] 2 only
[C] Both
[D] None
Correct Answer: B [ 2 only ]
Explanation: 2 Only will be the correct answer.
434.In which state of India, the first Paleolithic site was discovered?
[A] Jammu & Kashmir
[B] Rajasthan
[C] Madhya Pradesh
[D] Karnataka
Correct Answer: D [ Karnataka ]
Explanation: The first evidence of the Stone Age culture in India surfaced in Karnataka as early as in 1842
when Dr. Primrose discovered polished stone knives and arrow heads at Lingsugur in Raichur district of
Karnataka.
435.Which among the following age marks a very distinct growth in population of Human beings
compared to other ages?
[A] Lower paleolithic age
[B] Upper Paleolithic Age
[C] Mesolithic age

[D] Neolithic Age
Correct Answer: C [ Mesolithic age ]
Explanation: Mesolithic age will be the correct answer.
436. Which of the following subjects are dealt in by Kalpa Sutras?

[A] Sacrifices
[B] Family ceremonies
[C] Varnas, Ashramas
Explanation: Under Kalpa Sutras ,Shravta Sutras deal with the sacrifices,Grihya Sutras deal with the family
ceremonies,Dharma Sutras deal with Varnas, Ashramas.
437.According to the later Vedic Era beliefs, which of the following Gods were elected democratically?
[A] Prajapati
[B] Adityas
[C] Vasus
[D] Ashvins
Correct Answer: A [ Prajapati ]
Explanation: In the Later Vedic period, Prajapati was the important diety occupied the supreme
position. Prajapatis were elected democratically. First such elected Prajapati was Lord Vishnu, followed
by Lord Bràhma and Lord Shankar. There were total 26 Prajapatis mentioned in Vedas.
438.Which of the following is the equivalent term used for Raja in early vedic era?
[A] Gopati
[B] Gomat
[C] Gopa
[D] Gomitra
Correct Answer: A [ Gopati ]
Explanation: In the Early Vedic age, ‘Raja’ was known as Gopati.
439.In the Later Vedic period, who was the god of Shudras?
[A] Pushan
[B] Prajapati
[C] Agni
[D] Indra
Correct Answer: A [ Pushan]
Explanation: According to the later Vedic traditions, the gods were from different castes. For example,
Agni is Brahmin; Indra and Varuna are Kshatriya; Rudra and Maruts are Vaishya while Pushan is a Sudra
god. Pushan (पूषन) is a solar deity and one of the Adityas; responsible for journeys, marriage and a carrier
of souls to other world. He also protected the travellers in their journeys.
440.In which Mandal of Rigveda ‘Gayatri Mantra is mentioned?

[A] III
[B] IV
[C] V
[D] VI
Correct Answer: A [ III ]
Explanation: Gayatri Mantra comes from the third Mandala of the Rigveda. This Mandala has 62 hymns,
mainly to Agni and Indra. It is one of the “family books” (mandalas 2-7), the oldest core of the Rigveda.
This Mandala also mentions Kikats, a non-Aryan tribe, which most scholars agree that was resident of
somewhere in near Magadha in modern Bihar.
441.In which of the following Vedas, the priest is Brahma?

[A] Sam Veda
[B] Yajur Veda
[C] Rig Veda
[D] Atharva Veda
Correct Answer: D [ Atharva Veda ]
Explanation: In Atharva Veda, the priest is Brahma.
442.Which of the following Upanishads gives clear reference of four Ashrams of individual’s life?
[A] Jabala Upanishad
[B] Katha Upanishad
[C] Virhadranyaka Upanishad
Correct Answer: A [ Jabala Upanishad ]
Explanation: In Jabala Upanishad, there is a clear reference of four Ashrams i.e. Brahmachari, Grihastha,
Vanaprastha and Sanyasi.
443.Which of the Brahamana says’wife is half her husband’?

[A] Satapatha Brahamana
[B] Aitareya Brahamana
[C] Gopatha Brahamana
[D] Taittiriya Brahmana
Correct Answer: A [ Satapatha Brahamana]
Explanation: The Satapatha Brahamana states that the wife is half her husband and completes him.
444.The ‘Battlle of Ten kings’ is depicted in which mandal of Rig Veda?

[A] seventh
[B] nineth
[C] eighth
[D] tenth
Correct Answer: A [ seventh ]
Explanation: The ‘Battlle of Ten kings (or Dashrajnya ) is depicted in the 7th mandal of Rig Veda. This
battle led to the formation of Bharata that gradually evolved into Bharatvarsha, Hindustan and India. It
was the battle between 10 major tribal chiefs against Raja Sudas of the Bharata tribe.
445.Which of the following Vedanga is related to metrics?

[A] Kalpa
[B] Nirkuta
[C] Chhanda
[D] Shiksha
Correct Answer: C [ Chhanda]
Explanation: There are six vedangas (limbs of Vedas) evolved for the proper understanding of the Vedas.
These are Siksha (phonetics), Kalpa (rituals), Vyakarna (grammar), Nirukta (etymology), Chhanda (metrics)
and Jyotisha (astronomy).
446.Which of the following is the oldest Smriti?

[A] Manu Smriti
[B] Yajnvalkya Smriti
[C] Narad Smriti
[D] Brihaspati Smriti
Correct Answer: A [ Manu Smriti]
Explanation: Manu Smriti (Pre-Gupta period) is the oldest Smriti.
447. Who was the founder of Yoga philosophy?

[A] Jaimini
[B] Kapila
[C] Akshapada Gautam
[D] Patanjali
Correct Answer: D [ Patanjali ]
Explanation: Patanjali Yoga philosophy is one of the six major orthodox schools of Hinduism. Yoga Sutras
of Patanjali is a key text of the Yoga school of Hinduism. Patanjali was the founder of Yoga philosophy.
448.As per the Dharmashastras, what does ‘Anuloma Vivah’ mean ?

[A] A marriage between a higher caste man and a lower caste woman
[B] A marriage between a lower caste man and a higher caste woman
[C] A marriage between a man and woman of a same caste
[D] A marriage between a man and a woman of same gotra
Correct Answer: A [ A marriage between a higher caste man and a lower caste woman ]
Explanation: An Anuloma vivah is a marriage between a higher caste man and a lower caste woman. A
Pratiloma Vivah is a marriage between a lower caste man and a higher caste woman.
449.The IX mandala of the Rigveda samhita is dedicated to?

[A] Soma
[B] Purushkuta
[C] Gotra
[D] Gayatri Mantra
Correct Answer: A [ Soma]
Explanation: The IX mandala of the Rigveda samhita is dedicated to Soma.
450.Which of the following are ritualistic teachings attached to the hymns of the Vedas?
[A] Brahmanas
[B] Upanishads
[C] Aranyakas
[D] Itihasas
Correct Answer: A [ Brahmanas]
Explanation: The ritualistic teachings attached to the hymns of the Vedas were known as the Brahmanas.
451. As per the Dharmashastras, what does ‘Anuloma Vivah’ mean ?

[A] A marriage between a higher caste man and a lower caste woman
[B] A marriage between a lower caste man and a higher caste woman
[C] A marriage between a man and woman of a same caste
[D] A marriage between a man and a woman of same gotra
Correct Answer: A [ A marriage between a higher caste man and a lower caste woman ]
Explanation: An Anuloma vivah is a marriage between a higher caste man and a lower caste woman. A
Pratiloma Vivah is a marriage between a lower caste man and a higher caste woman.
452.The IX mandala of the Rigveda samhita is dedicated to?

[A] Soma
[B] Purushkuta
[C] Gotra
[D] Gayatri Mantra
Correct Answer: A [ Soma ]
Explanation: The IX mandala of the Rigveda samhita is dedicated to Soma.
453.Which of the following are ritualistic teachings attached to the hymns of the Vedas?
[A] Brahmanas
[B] Upanishads
[C] Aranyakas
[D] Itihasas
Correct Answer: A [ Brahmanas ]
Explanation: The ritualistic teachings attached to the hymns of the Vedas were known as the Brahmanas.
454.Which of the following types of Vedic priests was most responsible for making correct arrangements
for vedic sacrificial rites?
[A] Hotri
[B] Udgatri
[C] Adhvaryu
[D] Nakshotri
Correct Answer: C [ Adhvaryu ]
Explanation: Adhvaryu In the operational aspects of Vedic fire rites, the Adhvaryu was a central figure
because he was the one who measured the sacrificial ground, built all that was needed and prepared
materials to be used like, articles of oblation, utensils, woods and water. He also kindled the fire for
expected offerings. Thus, success of a Yajna was dependent on correct duties of the Adhvaryu priest.
455.The hymns of regveda were composed by ?

[A] Hotri
[B] Udgatri
[C] Adhvaryas
[D] Nakshotri
Correct Answer: A [ Hotri ]
Explanation: Hotri For Vedic priests viz. Hotri, adhvaryu, udgatri and brahman (brahmin) participated in
the shrauta rites and each of them had special attributes. Hotri was the priest chanting the hymns of Rig
Veda; adhvaryu chanting the hymns of Yajur Veda; Udgatri chanting the Sama Veda hymns. Brahman
priest was the most and supervisor of the entire ceremony and the one chanting the hymns of Atharva
Veda.
456.Purusha sukta is a part of which among the following vedas?

[A] Sam Veda
[B] Rig Veda
[C] Atharva Veda
[D] Yajur Veda
Correct Answer: B [ Rig Veda]
Explanation: Rig Veda Purusha sukta is the Xth mandal of the Rig Veda that explains the origin of four
varnas viz. Brahmana, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra.
457.Which among the following are important functionaries of Early Vedic period?
[A] Purohita
[B] Senani
[C] Gramini
Explanation: The important functionaries of Early Vedic period are Purohita, Senani and Gramini.
458. Which among the following is considered to be the oldest Veda?

[A] Sam Veda
[B] Yajur Veda
[C] Rig Veda
[D] Atharva Veda
Correct Answer: C [ Rig Veda ]
Explanation: There are four Vedas composed by Aryans – Rig Veda, Sam Veda, Yajur Veda and Atharva
Veda. Of the four Vedas, the Rig veda (collection of lyrics) is the oldest text in the world and is also known
as the first testament of mankind. It contains 1028 hymns, divided into 10 mandals.
459.Which among the following places in India where all the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic sites are
found?
[A] Bhimbetka
[B] Belan Valley
[C] Adamgarh
[D] Mirzapur
Correct Answer: B [ Belan Valley ]
Explanation: Belan Valley is the place in India where all the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic sites are
found.
460.At which Indus Valley Site, the beared man in steatite image has been found?
[A] Harappa
[B] Mohenjodaro
[C] Lothal
[D] Kalibanga
Correct Answer: B [ Mohenjodaro ]
Explanation: In the Indus Valley Civilization, a beared man in steatite image has been found Mohenjodaro
461. Which among the following Harappan site has been divided into three parts?
[A] Dholavira
[B] Surkotda
[C] Daimabad
[D] Mohenjodaro
Correct Answer: A [ Dholavira ]
Explanation: Dholavira located at the Khadirbet in Bhachau Taluka of Kutch District, Gujarat. The
archaeological finding at Dholavira are a) A unique water harnessing system and its storm water drainage
system. B) A large well & a bath (giant water reservoirs). C) Only site to be divided into 3 parts. D) Largest
Harappan inscription used for civic purpose. E) A stadium.
462.Which among the following was the capital of Chera Kingdom?

[A] Tondi
[B] Musiri
[C] Vanji
[D] Uraiyaur
Correct Answer: C [ Vanji ]
Explanation: The capital of Chera Kingdom was Vanji. Tondi and Musiri were the important sea ports of
Cheras.
463.The Pattini cult was established by which Sangam ruler?

[A] Nedunjeral Adan, the Chera ruler
[B] Senguttuvan, the Chera ruler
[C] Karikala, the Chola ruler
[D] Nedujeliyan, the Pandyan ruler
Correct Answer: B [ Senguttuvan, the Chera ruler ]
Explanation: The Pattini cult i.e. The worship of Kannagi as an ideal wife, was started by Senguttuvan, the
ruler of Chera.
464.Which of the following was the capital of Chola dynasty?

[A] Madurai
[B] Karur
[C] Uraiyaur
[D] Kaveripattnam
Correct Answer: C [ Uraiyaur ]
Explanation: The capital of Chola Kingdom was Uraiyaur that was famous for cotton trade and Purhar.
465.Who built a temple of Augustus at Muzris?

[A]Romans
[B] Cholas
[C] Pandyas
[D] Cheras
Correct Answer: A [ Romans ]
Explanation: Romans built a temple of Augustus at Muzris.
466.Which of the following book is considered as the ‘Odyssus of Tamil poetry’?
[A] Tirukkural
[B] Manimekalai
[C] Silappadikarma
[D] Jivaka Chintamani
Correct Answer: B [ Manimekalai ]
Explanation: Manimekalai is a sequel of an epic ‘Silappatikaram’ written by Seethalai Saathanaar and is
considered as the ‘Odyssus of Tamil poetry’.
467.Who was the author of the book ‘Tirukkural’?

[A] Seethalai Saathanaar
[B] ]Tiruttakrdeva
[C] Ilango Adigal
[D] Thiruvalluvar
Correct Answer: D [ Thiruvalluvar ]
Explanation: Thiruvalluvar was the author of the book ‘Tirukkural (also known as the Kural). It is a classic
Tamil sangam literature consisting of 1330 couplets or Kurals. The book is also called as the fifth Veda or
‘Bible of the Tamil Land’.
468. Tolkāppiyam belongs to which tamil Sangam?

[A] first
[B] second
[C] third
[D] fourth
Correct Answer: B [ second ]
Explanation: Tolkāppiyam is a work on the grammar of the Tamil language. It deals with orthography,
phonology, morphology, semantics, prosody and the subject matter of literature. It belongs to second
tamil Sangam.
469.Where was the first Tamil Sangam held__?

[A] Madurai
[B] Kapatpuram
[C] Kaveripattnam
[D] Kural
Correct Answer: A [ Madurai ]
Explanation: The first tamil Sangam was held to the south of Madurai under the patronage of Makeerthy,
the Pandyan king. Agastya was the president of first sangam. Unfortunately, no literary work of this
Sangam was available. The second tamil Sangam was held in Kapatpuram, second capital of the Pandyas.
The third Tamil Sangam was held in Madurai. Its chairman was a tamil poet Nakkirar.
470.In Sangam age, the book ‘Bharatam’ was written by__?

[A] Perudevanar
[B] Manimekalai
[C] Seethalai Saathanaar
[D] Tiruttakrdeva
Correct Answer: A [ Perudevanar ]
Explanation: The book, ‘ Bharatam’ was written by Perudevanar. The author had also composed the
invocatory versus for the Sangam classics Ahnanuru, Puranamuru, Kuruntogai, Narrinai and Aingurunuru.
471. In Sangam age, the book ‘Bharatam’ was written by__?

[A] Perudevanar
[B] Manimekalai
[C] Seethalai Saathanaar
[D] Tiruttakrdeva
Correct Answer: A [ Perudevanar ]
Explanation: The book, ‘ Bharatam’ was written by Perudevanar. The author had also composed the
invocatory versus for the Sangam classics Ahnanuru, Puranamuru, Kuruntogai, Narrinai and Aingurunuru.
472. Which of the following book is the sequel of an epic ‘Silappadikarma’?

[A] Jivaka Chintamani
[B] Manimekalai
[C] Bharatman
[D] Kunal
Correct Answer: B [ Manimekalai ]
Explanation: The story of Manimekalai is a sequel of an epic ‘Silappatikaram’ that tells the story of the
conversion to Buddhism of the daughter of Kovalan and Madhavi. Seethalai Saathanaar was the author
of the book ‘Manimekalai’.
473. Who was the author of the book ‘Silappadikarma’?

[A] Ilango Adigal
[B] Seethalai Saathanaar
[C] Perudevanar
[D] Tiruttakrdeva
Correct Answer: A [ Ilango Adigal]
Explanation: The author of an epic Silappadikarma is Ilango Adigal. The epic deals with the love story of
Kovalan (Son of a wealthy merchant in Puhar) and Madhavi (a beautiful courtesan dancer) of
Kaveripattinam. It is also called Illiyad of Tamil Poetry.
474. Who was the author of the book ‘Manimekalai’?

[A] Ilango Adigal
[C] Perudevanar
[D] Tiruttakrdeva
Correct Answer: B [ Seethalai Saathanaar ]
Explanation: Seethalai Saathanaar was the author of the book ‘Manimekalai’. The book is a poem in 30
cantos. Its story is a sequel of an epic ‘Silappatikaram’ that tells the story of the conversion to Buddhism
of the daughter of Kovalan and Madhavi.
475. Which of the following ancient Tamil Kingdoms came to be known from Sangam Literature?
[A] Chola
[B] Chera
[C] Pandya
Explanation: The history of ancient Tamil kingdoms i.e. Cholas, Cheras and Pandyas came to be known
from Sangam Literature.
476.Who was the author of the Jivaka Chintamani?

[A] Perudevanar
[C] Tiruttakrdeva
[D] Ilango Adigal
Correct Answer: C [ Tiruttakrdeva ]
Explanation: The epic tamil poem, Jivaka Cintamani (also known as Civaka Cintamani) is a Jain religious
epic authored by jain saint Tiruttakrdeva. This epic is considered one of the classic epics of Sangam
Literature. The poem means “fabulous gem”and is also known as Manannul (Book of Marriages).
477.In context of Mauryan administration, who was the chief supervisor of the collection of revenue from
the whole kingdom?
[A] Samaharta
[B] Sannidhata
[C] Karmantika
[D] Antapal
Correct Answer: A [ Samaharta ]
Explanation: As per the Arthashastra of Chankya, Samaharta was the Chief Collector general of revenue
that supervises the collection of revenue from the whole kingdom.Pradeshtri was known as the Divisional
Commissioner. They were the modern district magistrates and in charge of district. They were to make
tours once in every 5 years to inspect the entire administration of the areas under control. Antapal was
known as the Governor of the frontier.
478. In context of Mauryan administration, who was regarded as the ‘Chief treasury officer’?
[A] Samaharta
[B] Paura
[C] Sannidhata
[D] Karmantika
Correct Answer: C [ Sannidhata]
Explanation: As per the Arthashastra of Chankya, there were two important officers in the Central
Administration. These are Sannidhata (the Chief treasury officer) and Samaharta (the Chief Collector
General of Revenue).
479. Mauryan Emperor Ashoka is referred as Ashokavardhana in which of the following?

[A] Junagarh Inscription
[B] Puranas
[C] Nitlur minor rock edict
[D] Maski edict
Correct Answer: B [ Puranas ]
Explanation: In the Puranas, the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka is referred as Ashokavardhana. However, in
the Rudradaman’s Junagarh rock edict, the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka is mentioned as Asoka Maurya.
480.In which inscription, the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka refers himself as Piyadassi laja Magadhe
(Piyadassi, King of Magadha)?
[A] Junagarh Inscription
[B] Kandhar Inscription
[C] Dipavamsa Inscription
[D] Babhru Inscription
Correct Answer: D [ Babhru Inscription]

Explanation: In Babhru edict, the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka refers himself as Piyadassi laja Magadhe
(Piyadassi, King of Magadha). In this edict he states his faith in the Buddha, the Dhamma and the Sangha.
481.Who was Paura during the Maurya empire?

[A] Governor of the city
[B] Chief Judge
[C] Mantri
[D] Dandapal
Correct Answer: A [ Governor of the city]
Explanation: As per the Arthashastra of Chanakya, Paura was the Governor of the city.
482.In the Maurya empire, what was the name of department of the Chief of the Mines?
[A] Dauvarika
[B] Antapal
[C] Karmantika
[D] Paura
Correct Answer: C [ Karmantika]
Explanation: Karmantika was the department name of the Chief of the Mines.
483.In the Maurya empire, who was the superintendent of Ports?

[A] Pattanadhyaksha
[B] Manadhyaksha
[C] Kosadhyaksha
[D] Ganikadhyaksha
Correct Answer: A [ Pattanadhyaksha ]
Explanation: As per the officials mentioned in the Arthashastra, Pattanadhyaksha was the superintendent
of Ports.
484.In the Maurya empire, who looked after Markets and check wrong practices?
[A]Samsthadhyaksha
[B] Sitadhyaksha
[C] Akaradhyaksha
[D] Manadhyaksha
Correct Answer: A [ Samsthadhyaksha ]
Explanation: In the Mauryan Empire, Samsthadhyaksha looked after the Markets and check wrong
practices.
485.As per the officials mentioned in the Arthashastra, the duties related to Crown lands was performed
by whom?
[A] Kosadhyaksha
[B] Hastyadhyaksha
[C] Lohadhyaksha
[D] Sitadhyaksha
Correct Answer: D [ Sitadhyaksha ]
Explanation: Sitadhyaksha was responsible for the maintenance of Crown lands.
486. In the Mauryan period, the duties of Mudradhyaksha were concerned with –
[A] Forest produce
[B] Ports
[C] Commerce
[D] Passports
Correct Answer: D [ Passports ]
Explanation: Mudradhyaksha was responsible for the issue of passports in the Mauryan period.
487.In the Mauryan empire, the post Devatadhyaksha is related to –

[A] Store House
[B] Crown Lands
[C] Customs
[D] Religious Institutions
Correct Answer: D [ Religious Institutions ]
Explanation: Devatadhyaksha was appointed to perform the duties related to religious institutions.
488. The Ashoka’s Bairut inscription was brought to Allahabad by__?

[A] Cunningham
[B] James Princep
[C] Feroj Shah Tughlaq
[D] Jahangir
Correct Answer: A [ Cunningham ]
Explanation: The Ashoka’s Bairut inscription was brought to Allahabad by Cunningham. On the other
hand, Pillars from Topra and Meerut were brought to Delhi by the Firoz Shah Tughlaq. The Kaushambi
Pillar was brought to Allahabad by the Mughal Emperor Jehangir.
489.Which Greek ruler sent Dionysuis as an ambassador in the court of Patliputra?

[A] Selecus Nicator
[B] Antiochus I
[C] Potlemy Phildelphos
[D] Antigonas
Correct Answer: C [ Potlemy Phildelphos ]
Explanation: The Egyptian ruler, Ptolemy II Philadelphus had sent Dionysuis as an ambassador in the court
of either Bindusara or Asoka.
490.The Kalinga war was fought in which year of Ashoka reign?

[A] 6
[B] 7
[C] 8
[D] 9
Explanation: The Magadha Emperor, Ashoka invaded Kalinga in the eight year of his reign in 261 B.C.
Nearly one lakh soldiers lost their lives in that war and one and half lakh soldiers were captured. The 13th
rock edict of Ashoka throws light on this war.
491.Which of the following officers were mandated by Asoka to spread the Dhamma Policy of Asoka?
[A] Yuktas
[B] Pradesikas
[C] Rajukas
[D] All of above
Correct Answer: D [ All of above ]
Explanation: After 12 years of Asoka’s coronation, the Major Rock Edict III was issued. It mentions the
generosity towards Brahmans. It stated that the Yuktas (subordinate officers) and Pradesikas (district
Heads) along with Rajukas (Rural officers ) shall go to the all areas of kingdom every five years and spread
the Dhamma Policy of Asoka.
492.Which Ashokan inscription prohibits animal slaughter?

[A] Major rock edict III
[B] Major rock edict I
[C] Major rock edict IV
[D] Major rock edict V
Correct Answer: B [ Major rock edict I ]
Explanation: The Major rock edict I of Ashoka prohibits animal slaughter and holidays of festive gathering.
Only two peacocks and one deer were killed in Asoka’s kitchen. He wished to discontinue this practice of
killing two peacocks and one deer as well. On the other hand, Major Rock Edict II mentions medical
treatment for men and animals, construction of roads, wells and tree planting.
493. Which Ashokan inscription elaborates the policy of Dhamma?

[A] Major rock edict IX
[B] Major rock edict XI
[C] Major rock edict XII
[D] Major rock edict X
Correct Answer: B [ Major rock edict XI ]
Explanation: The Major rock edict XI elaborates the Ashoka’s policy of Dhamma. It stresses the respect
for elders, abstain from killing animals and liberal towards friends.
494. Before ascending the Maurya throne, Ashoka was the viceroy of which of the following?
[A] Taxilla
[B] Ujjain
[C] Pataliputra
[D] Kandhar
Correct Answer: A [ Taxilla ]
Explanation: Before ascending the Maurya throne, Ashoka was the viceroy of Taxila.
495.Which among the following is the bilingual inscription?

[A] Girnar Inscription
[B] Kandhar Inscription
[C] Maski Inscription
[D] Bairut Inscription
Correct Answer: B [ Kandhar Inscription ]
Explanation: The Kandhar Inscription of Ashoka is bilingual (Greek and Aramaic) inscription.
496.Among all the major rock edicts of Ashoka, which one is the longest?
[A] 7th major rock edict
[B] 11th major rock edict
[C] 13th major rock edict

[D] 9th major rock edict
Correct Answer: C [ 13th major rock edict ]
Explanation: The Major Rock Edict XIII is the largest rock edict of Ashokan inscription that mentions a)
Asoka’s victory over Kalinga. B) Victory of Asoka’s Dhamma over Greek Kings, Antiochus, Ptolemy,
Antigonus, Magas, Alexander and Cholas, Pandyas, etc. C) Kamboj, nabhaks, Bhoja, Andhra, etc.
497.Among all the pillar edicts of Ashoka, which one is the longest one?
[A] 7th pillar edict
[B] 6th pillar edict
[C] 5th pillar edict
[D] 3th pillar edict
Correct Answer: A [ 7th pillar edict]
Explanation: The 7th pillar edict elaborates the works done by the Mauryan Emperor, Ashoka for Dhamma
Policy. He stated that all sects desire both self control and purity of mind.
498. Which among the following major rock edicts of Ashoka are in Kharosthi script?
[A] Mansehra and Sahbazgarhi
[B] Sanchi
[C] Sarnath
[D] Bairut
Correct Answer: A [ Mansehra and Sahbazgarhi]
Explanation: The two major rock edicts of Ashoka viz. Mansehra and Sahbazgarhi are in Kharosthi script.
These both the rock edicts are in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
499. Which Greek ruler sent Megathenes in the court of Chandragupta Maurya?
[A] Seleucus Nicator
[B] Antiochus
[C] Potlemy
[D] Magas
Correct Answer: A [ Seleucus Nicator ]
Explanation: Megasthenes was sent by the Greek ruler Seleucus I Nicator as an ambassador in the court
of Chandragupta Maurya in Pataliputra.
500.Which among the following Ashokan inscriptions mentions the name Ashoka?
[A] Bhabru Edict
[B] Maski Edict
[C] Puranas
[D] Junagarh Inscription
Correct Answer: B [ Maski Edict ]
Explanation: The Mauryan Emperor Asoka has been mentioned by name ‘Ashoka’ in his inscriptions at
Maski and Gujarra only.
501. Which of the following is not a correct observation as mentioned by Megasthenes about India?
[A] There is abundant gold, silver, copper and iron in India
[B] There is a well established caste system in India
[C] There are frequent famines in India
[D] Dionysus has invaded India
Correct Answer: C [ There are frequent famines in India]

Explanation: The option C is not correct. Indians did not face famines because of abundant rains and
assured at least one of two seasons of crops; and abundance of fruits and edible roots.
502. According to Sri Lankan chronicle Mahavamasa, Mauryan Emperor Ashoka converted to Buddhism by__?
[A] Moggaliputa Tissa
[B] Tivara
[C] Karuvaki
[D] Nigrodha
Correct Answer: D [ Nigrodha]
Explanation: As per the Sri Lankan chronicle Mahavamasa, Mauryan Emperor Ashoka was impressed by
Nigrodha and was ultimately converted to Buddhism due to his impression only.
503.Which Ashokan pillar edict provides a list of animals and birds killing of which was prohibited?
[A] Pillar edict V
[B] Pillar edict VIII
[C] Pillar edict XII
[D] Pillar edict X
Correct Answer: A [ Pillar edict V]
Explanation: The Pillar edict-V of Ashoka provides a list of animals and birds which should not be killed on
some days and another list of animals which have not to be killed at all occasions and also describes the
release of 25 prisionars by Mauryan Emperor Asoka.
504.Which Ashokan pillar edict mentions the Dhamma Mahamattas?

[A] pillar edict VII
[B] pillar edict VIII
[C] pillar edict VI
[D] pillar edict V
Correct Answer: A [ pillar edict VII]
Explanation: The Ashokan Pillar Edict-VII mentions the Dhamma Mahamattas. It propagated a proper
courtesy to slaves and servants, obedience to parents, respectful behaviour towards Brahmans and
Sharmanas and generiosty towards friends, acquaintances and relatives.
505.Which rock edict of Ashoka appeals for tolerance among sects?

[A] Major Rock Edict X
[B] Major Rock Edict XI
[C] Major Rock Edict XII
[D] Major Rock Edict XIII
Correct Answer: C [ Major Rock Edict XII]
Explanation: The Major Rock Edict XII of Ashoka directed and determined request for tolerance among
different religious sects. This edict reflects the anxiety the king felt because of conflict between sects and
carries his plea for harmony.
506. Which rock edict of Ashoka mentions the purpose of the rock edicts?
[A] Major Rock Edict XIV
[B] Major Rock Edict XV
[C] Major Rock Edict XI
Correct Answer: A [ Major Rock Edict XIV ]

Explanation: The Major Rock Edict XIV describes the purpose of the rock edicts of different parts of the
country.
507. What is the number of prehistoric rock shelters in Bhimbetka?

[A] 221
[B] 243
[C] 268
[D] 289
Correct Answer: B [ 243]
Explanation: 243 will be the correct answer.
508. The earliest evidence of domestication of animals has been provided by Adamagarh. In which of the
following states is located Adamgarh?
[A] Rajasthan
[B] Madhya Pradesh
[C] Gujarat
[D] Maharastra
Correct Answer: B [ Madhya Pradesh]
Explanation: Madhya Pradesh will be the correct answer.
509.The oldest evidence in human history for the drilling of teeth in a living person was found in which of
the following cultures?
[A] Ahar banas
[B] Mehrgarh
[C] Sohn Valley
[D] Malwa
Correct Answer: B [ Mehrgarh]
Explanation: Mehrgarh wil be the correct answer.
510.The Gufkral chalcolithic site is located in which state?

[A] Rajasthan
[B] Jammu & Kashmir
[C] Karnataka
[D] Uttarakhand
Correct Answer: B [ Jammu & Kashmir]
Explanation: Jammu & Kashmir will be the correct answer.
511.At which of the following sites, all the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic sites have been found in
sequence?
[A] Sarai Nahar Rai
[B] Kurnool Valley
[C] Belan Valley
[D] Ahar
Correct Answer: C [ Belan Valley ]
Explanation: Belan Valley will be the correct answer.
512.The script of Indus Valley people was __?

[A] Desi Script
[B] Pictographic Script
[C] Brahmi Script
[D] Kharosti Script
Correct Answer: B [ Pictographic Script ]
Explanation: The pictographic script was used by the Indus Valley people.
513.In the Indus Valley Civilization, Great Bath was found at which place?
[A] Mohenjodaro
[B] Harappa
[C] Rakhi Garhi
[D] Ropar
Correct Answer: A [ Mohenjodaro]
Explanation: The Great Bath was discovered at Mohenjodaro in Sindh, Pakistan. It measures 11.88 meters
x 7.01 meters and has a maximum depth of 2.43 meters.
514.Which among the following Indus Valley site is located in Montogomery (Punjab) in Pakistan?
[A] Harappa
[B] Mohenjodaro
[C] Kalibanga
[D] Chanhudaro
Correct Answer: A [ Harappa]
Explanation: The harappa site is located in Montogomery district of Punjab in Pakistan.
515.Which one of the following archaeologists discovered the Harappa site of the Indus Valley civilisation?
[A] Rakhal Das Bannerjee
[B] Sir William Jones
[C] Vishnu Shridhar Wakankar
[D] Daya Ram Sahini
Correct Answer: D [ Daya Ram Sahini ]
Explanation: In 1921, an Indian archaeologist Raj Bahadur Daya Ram Sahini discovered the Harappa site
of the Indus Valley civilisation.
516.Which of the following Indus Valley Sites was discovered by Rakhal Das Bannerjee?
[A] Kali Banga
[B] Harappa
[C] Lothal
[D] Mohenjodaro
Correct Answer: D [ Mohenjodaro]
Explanation: In 1922, an Indian archaeologist Mr.Rakhal Das Bannerjee discovered the Mohenjodaro site
of the Indus Valley civilisation.
517.Which among the following was the main occupation of Palaeolithic (Old stone) people?
[A] Agriculture
[B] Farming
[C] Hunting
[D] Fishing
Correct Answer: C [ Hunting ]

Explanation: Hunting was the main occupation of Palaeolithic (Old stone) people.
518.Who among the following is known as father of Indian Pre-History?

[A] Robert Bruce foot
[B] Sir William Jones
[C] E.J.H Mackey
[D] Sir John Marshall
Correct Answer: A [ Robert Bruce foot ]
Explanation: Robert Bruce foot was the father of Indian pre-history.
519.The earliest evidence of Banking transactions in India comes from __:

[A] Vedic Era
[B] Maurya Era
[C] Gupta Era
[D] Medieval India
Correct Answer: A [ Vedic Era ]
Explanation: Earliest evidence of Banking in India is found from the period of Vedic Civilization. During
those days, loan deeds called rnapatra (ऋणपत्र) or rnalekhya (ऋणले ख्य) were prevalent. Interest rates as
well as usury (सूदखोरी) was prevalent in Vedic India. The Vedic word Kusidin refers to an usurer
(सूदखोर).This term is also found in Manusmriti.
520.The caves and rock-cut temples at Ellora are __:

[A] Buddhist
[B] Buddhist and Jain
[C] Hindu and Jain
[D] Hindu, Buddhist and Jain
Correct Answer: D [ Hindu, Buddhist and Jain ]
Explanation: Ellora, built by Rashtrakutas is located 29 km North-West of Aurangabad in Maharashtra. It
is one of the World Heritage Sites. It is well known for its monumental caves viz. 12 Buddhist (caves 1–
12), 17 Hindu Caves (caves 13–29) and 5 Jain Caves (caves 30–34). These caves were built in proximity and
demonstrate the religious harmony prevalent during this period of Indian history.
521.To which of the following ethnic hordes, Toramana belonged to ?

[A] Scythians
[B] Hunas
[C] Yue-chis
[D] Sakas
Correct Answer: B [ Hunas ]
Explanation: King of the Huns Toramana was a ruler of the Hephthalite Empire who ruled its Indian region
in the late 5th and the early 6th century. Toramana consolidated the Hephthalite power in Punjab and
conquered northern and central India including Eran in Madhya Pradesh. His territory also included Uttar
Pradesh, Rajasthan and Kashmir
522.Vidhushaka, a common character in Sanskrit drama is ___?

[A] Brahmana
[B] Kshatriya
[C] Vaishya
[D] Shudra
Correct Answer: A [ Brahmana]
Explanation: In classical Sanskrit drama, Vidushaka (Bufoon) is essentially a Brahmin and is a confident /
attendent of the Hero. Despite being educated in Sanskrit, he speaks in Prakrit, the vernacular language
of the time. Bharata mentions him along with the principal characters in his Natyasastra.
523.The important trade centres of ancient India on the trade route connecting Kalyana with Vengi
was__?
[A] Tagara
[B] Sripura
[C] Tripuri
[D] Tamralipti
Correct Answer: A [ Tagara]
Explanation: Tagara was the important trade centres of ancient India was on the trade route connecting
Kalyana with Vengi.
524. At which among the following places, the Dharma-Chakra Jina Vihara was constructed by Gahadavala
Queen Kumaradevi?
[A] Bodha Gaya
[B] Rajgrih
[C] Kushinagar
[D] Sarnath
Correct Answer: D [ Sarnath]
Explanation: Dharmachakra Jina Vihara In Sarnath, Varanasi :The last great monument in the 12th century
: The temples included what is described as the Main Shrine and another entitled the, Dharmachakra Jina
Vihara was the gift of Kumaradevi, the Buddhist queen of the great Gahadavala king Govindrachandra of
Kannauj (CE 1114-1154).
525. The Bhamala Stupa, a ruined Buddhist Stupa, is located in which one of the following countries?
[A] Nepal
[B] Bhutan
[C] Pakistan
[D] China
Correct Answer: C [ Pakistan]
Explanation: Bhamala Stupa is an ancient Gandhara stupa located in Pakistan near Haripur and is a part
of so called Bhamala Buddhist Complex. It is a national heritage site of Pakistan and dates back to 4th
century AD. This stupa is different from other Gandhara stupas as it looks cross shaped like an Aztec
Pyramid.
526.Which among the following is known as the earliest example of Panchayatana style of temple?
[A] Dashavatara temple at Deogarh
[B] Temple at Pathari
[C] Shatrughneshwara temple at Bhubaneshwar
[D] Lakshmana temple at Sirpur
Correct Answer: A [ Dashavatara temple at Deogarh]
Explanation: The Dashavatara Temple or Vishnu Temple also called Gupta temple at Deogarh. It was built
in the Gupta Period (320 to c. 600 AD). Archaeologists have inferred that it is the earliest known
Panchayatana temple in North India. A hindu temple is a Panchayatana one when the main shrine is
surrounded by four subsidiary shrines.
527.Which rock edict gives information about Asoka’s conversion to Buddhism?

[A] Bhabru rock edict
[B] Kalinga rock edict
[C] Tarai rock edict
[D] Barabar cave rock edict
Correct Answer: A [ Bhabru rock edict ]
Explanation: The Bhabru rock edict gives information about Asoka’s conversion to Buddhism. The rock
edict stated that he has full faith in Buddha, Sangha and Dhamma.
528.Which rock edict describes Asoka’s first Dhamma Yatra to Bodhgaya and Bodhi Tree?
[A] Major Rock Edict V
[B] Major Rock Edict VI
[C] Major Rock Edict VII
[D] Major Rock Edict VIII
Correct Answer: D [ Major Rock Edict VIII]
Explanation: The Major Rock Edict VIII describes Asoka’s first Dhamma Yatra to Bodhgaya and Bodhi Tree.
529.Which rock edict of Ashoka requests for religious tolerance among sects?
[A] Major Rock Edict VI
[B] Major Rock Edict VII
[C] Major Rock Edict VIII
[D] Major Rock Edict V
Correct Answer: B [ Major Rock Edict VII]
Explanation: The Major Rock Edict VII of Ashoka requests for religious tolerance amongst all sects. It
appears from the edict that tensions among the sects were intense perhaps in open antagonism.
530. Which Ashokan inscription mentions five contemporary Hellenic Kings?

[A] Major Rock Edict XI
[B] Major Rock Edict XII
[C] Major Rock Edict X
Correct Answer: D [ Major Rock Edict XIII]
Explanation: The Major Rock Edict XIII of Ashokan inscription mentions Asoka’s victory over Kalinga and
names of Greek Kings such as Antiochus, Ptolemy, Antigonus, Magas and southern Indian rulers such as
Cholas, Pandyas. It has also mentioned names of Kamboj, Nabhaks, Bhoja, Andhra, etc.
531.In which rock edict Ashoka mentioned “Every Human is my child…”?

[A] Major Rock Edict V
[B] Major Rock Edict IV
[C] Major Rock Edict VI
[D] Major Rock Edict VII
Correct Answer: A [ Major Rock Edict V]
Explanation: In the major Rock Edict V, Ashoka mentioned “Every Human is my child”. He had concerns
about the policy towards slaves. This rock edict also referes to the appointment of Dhamma-mahamatta
for the first time in the twelfth year of his reign.
532.Who was the Syrian ambassador in the court of Bindusara?

[A] Megasthenes
[B] Dimachos
[C] Dionysius
[D] Amitrochates
Correct Answer: B [ Dimachos]
Explanation: The Syrian ruler, Antiochus I sent Dimachos as an ambassador in the court of Bindusara.
533. Who among the following is the author of ‘Indica’ ?

[A] Ashoka
[B] Chankya
[C] Megasthenes
[D] Seleucus
Correct Answer: C [ Megasthenes ]
Explanation: ‘Indica’ of Megasthenes is a collection of other Roman Greek travellers and describes the
geography, culture, administration, prosperity, etc. Of the Mauryan cities. Megasthenes was sent by the
Greek ruler Seleucus I Nicator as an ambassador in the court of Chandragupta Maurya in Pataliputra.
534.In which year, Ashoka invaded Kalinga?

[A] 261 BC
[B] 235 BC
[C] 285 BC
[D] 275 BC
Correct Answer: A [ 261 BC ]
Explanation: The Mauryan emperor, Ashoka invaded Kalinga in 261 BC and after a fierce battle Kalinga
was conquered. The 13th rock edict of Ashoka elaborates the Kalinga war.
535.Which among the following dynasties were ruling over Magadha when Alexander invaded India?
[A] Shisunagas
[B] Nandas
[C] Mauryas
[D] Kosalas
Correct Answer: B [ Nandas ]
Explanation: The ruler of Nanda Dynasty, Dhanananda was the contemporary of Alexander.
536.In which year, Alexander invaded India?

[A] 326 BC
[B] 316 BC
[C] 346 BC
[D] 256 BC
Correct Answer: A [ 326 BC ]
Explanation: Alexander invaded India in 326 BC. In 326 BC, the Battle of Hydaspes was fought between
Alexender the great and Porus along the banks of Haydaspes river (Jhelum river) in Punjab. Porus, the
King of Paurava, ruled the area between the rivers Hydaspes (modern Jhelum) and Acesines (Chenab).
Though, Porus was defeated, Alexendar was impressed by Porus’s might so asked Porus to rule his dynasty
under his name.
537.Who was the founder of Nanda dynasty?

[A] Mahapadmananda
[B] Shisunaga
[C] Dhanananda
[D] Nandivardhan
Correct Answer: A [ Mahapadmananda ]
Explanation: Mahapadmananda (345 BC – 329 BC) was the founder of Nanda dynasty. Mahapadmananda
was also known as Ekarat and Sarvakshatrantaka.
538.Which among the following rulers is often described as ‘the first empire builder of Indian History’?
[A] Dhanananda
[B] Mahapadmananda
[C] Bimbisara
Correct Answer: B [ Mahapadmananda ]
Explanation: The founder of Nanda dynasty, Mahapadmananda is often described as ‘the first empire
builder of Indian History’.
539.Who was the last ruler of Shisunaga dynasty?

[A] Kalashoka
[B] Nandivardhan
[C] Naga-Dasak
[D] Udayin
Correct Answer: B [ Nandivardhan ]
Explanation: The last ruler of Haryanka dynasty, Nagadasaka was over thrown by his amatya (or governor)
Shisunaga and he established Shisunaga dynasty in 412 BC. Nandivardhan (367 BC–345 BC) was the last
ruler of this Shisunaga dynasty.
540.What was the other name of Bimbisara?

[A] Shrenika
[B] Ekarat
[C] Sarvakshatrantaka
[D] Shalimal
Correct Answer: A [ Shrenika ]
Explanation: As per the Jain literature, Bimbisara (who was the real founder of Haryanka dynasty) was
also known as Shrenika.
541.Which physician was sent by Bimbisara to treat Avanti King Pradyota?

[A] Jivaka
[B] Udayin
[C] Kalashoka
[D] Both a & b
Correct Answer: A [ Jivaka ]
Explanation: The royal physician, Jivaka, was sent by Bimbisara to treat Avanti King Pradyota, who was
ailing with Jaundice.
542.Viratnagar, capital of Matsya mahajanpada located in which region ?

[A] Malwa
[B] Peshawar
[C] Jaipur
[D] Bundelkhand
Correct Answer: C [ Jaipur ]
Explanation: Jaipur Viratnagar, capital of Matsya mahajanpada located near present Jaipur. It was used
as a hiding place by Pandavas during 13th year of their exile.
543.Ancient Indraprastha was capital of which of the following Mahajanapada?

[A] Kuru
[B] Matsya
[C] Panchal
[D] Vajji
Correct Answer: A [ Kuru]
Explanation: Kuru Indraprastha, capital of Kuru Mahajanpada located in Meerut Delhi region.
544.Which of the following was the capital of Northern Panchalas?

[A] Ahicchatra
[B] Kampilya
[C] Vajji
[D] Panchal
Correct Answer: A [ Ahicchatra]
Explanation: The Northern Panchalas had their capital at Ahicchatra. On the other hand, Southern
Panchalas had their capital at Kampilya.
545. Mathura, the famous city was the capital of which ancient Mahajanapada?
[A] Panchal
[B] Kasi
[C] Kuru
[D] Sursena
Correct Answer: D [ Sursena ]
Explanation: Sursena Mathura, the famous city was the capital of Sursena Mahajanpada
546.Which of the following cities was located at junction of Uttarapatha and Dakshinapatha?
[A] Varanasi
[B] Patliputra
[C] Mathura
[D] Champa
Correct Answer: C [ Mathura ]
Explanation: Uttarapatha and Dakshinapatha were two trade routes of ancient India. Mathura was
located at the junction of these two famous trade routes.
547. Taxila was the capital of which ancient Mahajanpada ?

[A] Gandhar
[B] Anga
[C] Magadha
[D] Kasi
Correct Answer: A [ Gandhar]

Explanation: Gandhar Taxila, the great center for learning, was the capital of Gandhara.
548. Ujjaini located in the Malwa region, came under which Mahajanapada?
[A] Anga
[B] Kasi
[C] Kosal
[D] Avanti
Correct Answer: D [ Avanti]
Explanation: Ujjaini was located in the Malwa region came under Avanti Mahajanapada.
549.Who inspired the young Bengal Movement in the 19th century?

[A] Ram Tanu Lahiri
[B] Henry Vivian Dorozev
[C] Rasik Kumar Malik
[D] Piyare Chand Mitra
Correct Answer: B [ Henry Vivian Dorozev]
Explanation: Henry Louis Vivian Derozio (1809 –1831) was assistant headmaster of Hindu College,
Kolkata, a radical thinker and one of the first Indian educators to disseminate Western learning and
science among the young men of Bengal. He constantly encouraged them to think freely, to question and
not to accept anything blindly. His teachings inspired the development of the spirit of liberty, equality and
freedom. His activities brought about intellectual revolution in Bengal. It was called the Young Bengal
Movement and his students, also known as Derozians, were fiery patriots.
550.Who is regarded as “Maker of Modern India”?

[A] M. G. Ranade
[B] Mahatma Gandhi
[C] Keshav Chandra Sen
[D] Ram Mohan Roy
Correct Answer: D [ Ram Mohan Roy ]
Explanation: Raja Rammohan Roy has come to be called the ‘Maker of Modern India’. He was the main
force behind introduction of the western education and English language in India. He advocated the study
of English, Science, Western Medicine and Technology. He spent his money on a college to promote these
studies. He was the founder of the Brahmo Samaj and a great leader of social reform. It was as a result of
his persistent campaign that the custom of Sati was declared illegal in Bengal in 1829 A.D. By Lord William
Bentick. He was the chief advocate of the modern process of education and the scientific learning.
551.Who among the following is known as ‘Mother of Indian Revolution’ ?

[A] Rani Laxmi Bai of Jhansi
[B] Bhikaji Rustam Kama
[C] Annie Besant
[D] Sarojini Naidu
Correct Answer: B [ Bhikaji Rustam Kama ]
Explanation: Bhikaiji Rustom Cama,(1861-1936) was an outstanding lady of great courage, fearlessness,
integrity, perseverance and passion for freedom, and is considered as the mother of Indian revolution
because of her contributions to Indian freedom struggle. She was credited with designing India’s first
tricolour flag with green, saffron and red stripes bearing the immortal words – Vande Matram.
552.Who among the following built the Gomateshwara statue at Sravanabelagola ?

[B] Kharvela
[C] Amoghavarsha
[D] Chamundaraya
Correct Answer: D [ Chamundaraya ]
Explanation: Bahubali also called Gomateshwara was an Arihant. According to Jainism, he was the second
of the hundred sons of the first Tirthankara, Rishabha and king of Podanpur. A monolithic statue of
Bahubali referred to as “Gommateshvara” built by the Ganga dynasty minister and commander
Chamundaraya is a 60 feet (18 m) monolith and is situated above a hill in Shravanabelagola, in the Hassan
district of Karnataka. It was built in the 10th century AD.
553.Which of the following cities was capital of Maharaja Ranjit Singh?

[A] Amritsar
[B] Patiala
[C] Lahore
[D] Kapurthala
Correct Answer: C [ Lahore ]
Explanation: Maharaja Ranjit Singh (called “The Lion of the Punjab”) (1780-1839) was a Sikh ruler of the
Punjab. His tomb is located in Lahore, Pakistan. He is remembered for uniting the Punjab as a strong state
and his possession of the Koh-i-noor diamond. He took the title of Maharaja on April 12, 1801 (to coincide
with Baisakhi day), with Lahore having served as his capital from 1799.
554.Which among the following Mudra is the gesture of Buddha as depicted in his first sermon?
[A] Abhaya Mudra
[B] Dhyana Mudra
[C] Dharmachakra Mudra
[D] Bhumisparsa Mudra
Correct Answer: C [ Dharmachakra Mudra ]
Explanation: The sermon Buddha gave to the five monks was his first sermon, called the
Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta. The Seated Buddha from Gandhara is an early statue of the Buddha
made in Gandhara, in modern Pakistan, in the 2nd or 3rd century The pose, which was to become one of
a number of standard ones, shows Buddha as a teacher setting the wheel of Dharma in motion
(Dharmachakra Mudra). Buddha did this following his enlightenment and after delivering his first sermon
at the deer park at Sarnath near Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh.
555. Which of the following inscriptions mentions the name of Kalidasa?

[A] Allahabad pillar inscription
[B] Aihole inscription
[C] Alapadu grant
[D] Hanumakonda inscription
Correct Answer: B [ Aihole inscription]
Explanation: Aihole inscription written by the Badami Chalukyas King, Pulakesin II who reigned from 610
to 642 CE and was a follower of Jainism. This valuable inscription discovered in the Meguti temple near
Aihole (Bijapur district in Karnataka). The inscription is in the Sanskrit language, which uses the old
Kannada script. The accounts of Pulkeshi’s campaigns are provided in the Aioli inscription dated 634 AD.
It was composed by his court poet Ravikirti. Bharavi, who is associated with the Pallavas of Kanchi along
with Kalidasa is mentioned in the famous Aihole Inscription of Pulakesin II.
556.Who among the following built the Gomateshwara statue at Sravanabelagola ?

[B] Kharvela
[C] Amoghavarsha
[D] Chamundaraya
Correct Answer: D [ Chamundaraya ]
Explanation: Bahubali also called Gomateshwara was an Arihant. According to Jainism, he was the second
of the hundred sons of the first Tirthankara, Rishabha and king of Podanpur. A monolithic statue of
Bahubali referred to as “Gommateshvara” built by the Ganga dynasty minister and commander
Chamundaraya is a 60 feet (18 m) monolith and is situated above a hill in Shravanabelagola, in the Hassan
district of Karnataka. It was built in the 10th century AD.
557.Which among the following Mudra is the gesture of Buddha as depicted in his first sermon?
[A] Abhaya Mudra
[B] Dhyana Mudra
[C] Dharmachakra Mudra
[D] Bhumisparsa Mudra
Correct Answer: C [ Dharmachakra Mudra ]
Explanation: The sermon Buddha gave to the five monks was his first sermon, called the
Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta. The Seated Buddha from Gandhara is an early statue of the Buddha
made in Gandhara, in modern Pakistan, in the 2nd or 3rd century The pose, which was to become one of
a number of standard ones, shows Buddha as a teacher setting the wheel of Dharma in motion
(Dharmachakra Mudra). Buddha did this following his enlightenment and after delivering his first sermon
at the deer park at Sarnath near Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh.
558.Which of the following inscriptions mentions the name of Kalidasa?

[A] Allahabad pillar inscription
[B] Aihole inscription
[C] Alapadu grant
[D] Hanumakonda inscription
Correct Answer: B [ Aihole inscription]
Explanation: Aihole inscription mentions the name of Kalidasa.
559.By whom Pallava King Mahendravarman-I got defeated?

[A] Pulakesin II
[B] Vikramaditya II
[C] Yajnavarman
[D] Pulakesin I
Correct Answer: A [ Pulakesin II ]
Explanation: The Pallava King Mahendravarman I got defeated by the Chalukya King Pulakesin II. Though,
Narasimhavarman I (the son of Mahendravarman I) took the revenge of his father from Pulakesin II by
defeating and killing him in the Battle of Vatapi in 642 AD and captured the Chalukyan capital, Vatapi.
Thus, he assumed the title of ‘Vatapikonda’ (Conqueror of Vatapi).
560.Who was the author of Dashkumarcharitam and at whose court did he live?
[A] Dandin, Nandivarman II
[B] Bharavi, Nandivarman II
[C] Appar, Dandivarman I

[D] Bharavi, Narsimhavarman I
Correct Answer: A [ Dandin, Nandivarman II ]
Explanation: Dashkumarcharitam was composed by Dandin, who was a Sanskrit author of prose romances
and expounder on poetics in the 6th-7th century. Both Bharavi and Dandin, the authors of Kiratarjuniyam
and Dasakumarcharitam respectively, lived in the Pallava court.
561.The famous Konark Sun temple was built by whom?

[A] Narshimhadeva I
[B] Angabhima deva I
[C] Konkanivarman
[D] Narsimhavarman II
Correct Answer: A [ Narshimhadeva I ]
Explanation: The 13th-century famous Konark Sun temple was built by King Narshimhadeva I (of the
Eastern Ganga dynasty) at Konark, Odisha around AD1250.
562.Who was the founder of Ganga dynasty?
[A] Konkanivarman
[B] Narshimhadeva I
[C] Narsimhavarman II
[D] Vikramaditya II
Correct Answer: A [ Konkanivarman ]
Explanation: Konkanivarman was the founder of Ganga dynasty. He was known as Dharmamahadhiraja.
563.The Kadamba dynasty was founded by whom?

[A] Konkanivarman
[B] Kirtisarman
[C] Mayurasharma
[D] Yajnavarman
Correct Answer: C [ Mayurasharma ]
Explanation: The Kadamba dynasty was founded by Mayurasharma in 345 AD. It was an ancient royal
dynasty of Karnataka that ruled northern Karnataka and the Konkan from their capital Banavasi ( at
present that place is a Uttara Kannada district).
564.Which among the following chalukyan king performed ‘Ashwamedha yajna’ ?

[A] Pulakesin I
[B] Pulakesin II
[C] Vishnuvardhan
[D] Kirtivarman I
Correct Answer: A [ Pulakesin I ]
Explanation: Pulakesin I, the chalukya king, performed Ashwamedha Yajna (horse sacrifice ceremony) to
access power.
565.Which among the following Pallava king wrote the famous burlesque ‘Mattavilasa Prahasana’ ?
[A]Mahendravarman I
[B] Narsimhavarman
[C] Narsimhavarman II
[D] Paramesvar Varman
Correct Answer: A [ Mahendravarman I ]
Explanation: The versatile Pallava ruler and great scholar Mahendravarman I wrote the famous burlesque
Mattavilasa Prahasana (the Sport of Drunkards). It is a short one-act Sanskrit play.
566.Dashkumarcharitam was composed by whom?

[A] Bharavi
[B] Dandin
[C] Varahmihira
[D] Kalidas
Correct Answer: B [ Dandin ]
Explanation: Dashkumarcharitam was composed by Dandin, who was a Sanskrit author of prose romances
and expounder on poetics in the 6th-7th century. The book, Dashkumarcharitam is a prose romance in
Sanskrit that describes the adventures of ten young men, the Kumaras, all of whom are either princes or
sons of royal ministers, as narrated by the men themselves.
567.Who among the following was the author of Kiratarjuniya?

[A] Bharavi
[B] Dandin
[C] Varahmihira
[D] Kalidasa
Correct Answer: A [ Bharavi ]
Explanation: Bharavi, a 6th century Sanskrit poet , was the author of Kiratarjuniya (“Arjuna and the
Mountain Man”).
568.Who among the following Pallava ruler built Vaikuntaperumal temple at Kanchi ?
[A]Nandivarman II
[B] Aparajita
[C] Mahendrvarman I
[D] Vikramaditta II
Correct Answer: A [ Nandivarman II ]
Explanation: Vaikunta Perumal Temple was built by Pallava King Nandivarman-II in the 8th century, he
was a worshipper of Lord Vishnu.
569.Who among the following Pallava ruler built the Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram?
[A] Narsimhavarman II
[B] Nandivarman II
[C] Aparajita
[D] Mahendravarman I
Correct Answer: A [ Narsimhavarman II ]
Explanation: The Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram and Kailasanatha temple in Kanchipuram built by
Pallava ruler Narasimhavarman II.
570.Who took the title of Vatapikonda ?

[A] Narsimhavarman I
[B] Simhavishnu
[C] Mahendravarman I
[D] Nandivarman II
Correct Answer: A [ Narsimhavarman I ]
Explanation: The Pallava King Narsimhavarman I assumed the title of ‘Vatapikonda’ (Conqueror of Vatapi),
when he defeated and killed Pulakesin II (Chalukya King) and captured the Chalukyan capital, Badami in
642 AD.
571.What was the ruling period of Chalukyas of Badami?

[A] 500 – 550 A.D.
[B] 550 – 650 A.D.
[C] 543 – 757 A.D.
[D] 545 – 700 A.D.
Correct Answer: C [ 543 – 757 A.D. ]
Explanation: The ruling period of Chalukyas of Badami was 543 – 757 A.D. They ruled in Karnataka.
572.Who among the following Chalukyan king sent an ambassador to Persian king Khusrau II ?
[A] Pulakesin I
[B] Pulakesin II
[C] Kirtivarman I
[D] Vishnuvardhan
Correct Answer: B [ Pulakesin II ]
Explanation: The Chalukyan king, Pulakesin II sent an ambassador to the Persian king Khusrau II in 625
A.D. And received one from him.
573.Which Chalukyan ruler set up it capital at Vengi ?

[A] Vishnuvardhan
[B] Mahendravarman
[C] Kakusthavarman
[D] Pulakesin II
Correct Answer: A [ Vishnuvardhan ]
Explanation: The son of Pulakesin II, Vishnuvardhan established the eastern branch of the chalukyas with
it’s capital first at Pistapur and later at Vengi.
574.Which of the following Pallava rulers invaded the Chalukya Kingdom and captured Badami ?
[A] Narsimhavarman I
[B] Kirtivarman
[C] Vishnuvardhan
[D] Mahendravarnan I
Correct Answer: A [ Narsimhavarman I ]
Explanation: In the Battle of Vatapi, the Pallava ruler Narsimhavarman I defeated and killed Pulakesin II
and captured the Chalukyan capital, Badami in 642 AD. Thus, he assumed the title of ‘Vatapikonda’
(Conqueror of Vatapi).
575.Who was the author of Aihole Inscription?

[A] Ravikirti
[B] Hiuen Tsang
[C] Bharavi
[D] Dandin
Correct Answer: A [ Ravikirti]
Explanation: Aihole Inscription is a eulogy written by Ravikirti who was the court poet of Chalukya King
Pulakesin II.
576.Who was the founder of Chalukya Dynasty?

[A] Vishnuvardhan
[B] Pulakesin I
[C] Kirtivarman I
[D] Pulakesin II
Correct Answer: B [ Pulakesin I ]
Explanation: The founder of Chalukya dynasty, Pulakesin I established a small kingdom with Badami (or
Vatapi) as its capital in Bijapur District, Karnataka.
577.Who among the following wrote ‘Nagananda’?

[A] Banabhatta
[B] Simhanada
[C] Pulakesin II
[D] Harshavardhana
Correct Answer: D [ Harshavardhana]
Explanation: The emperor of Vardhana dynasty, Harshavardhana wrote a play ‘Nagananda’. It describes
the story of the Jimutavahana’s self-sacrifice to save the Nagas. It has an enlightening Buddhist legend for
its subject and is one of the best works of the Indian Drama.
578.During reign of Harsha, the Kannauj assembly was held to publicise the doctrines of which of the
following sects?
[A] Mahayana
[B] Hinayana
[C] Theravada
[D] Svetambara
Correct Answer: A [ Mahayana ]
Explanation: The Kannauj assembly (643 AD) was held in the honour of Hieun Tsang (Chinese pilgrim) and
to popularise Mahayana sect of Buddhism.Harshavardhana was a Mahayana Buddhist. He organised
Kannauj assembly (643 AD) to popularise Mahayana sect of Buddhism. Though, he was a tolerant ruler
and supported all Indic faiths viz. Buddhism, Vedism and Jainism. The scholars regarded him as the last
great Hindu emperor of India, who ruled over Northern India.
579.Which of the following Chinese emperors was contemporary of Harshavardhana?

[A] Taizong
[B] Wu Zetian
[C] Ruizong
[D] Xuanzong
Correct Answer: A [ Taizong]
Explanation: In 641 AD Harshavardhan sent an envoy to Taizong (Tai-Tsung), the Tang emperor of China
and in return, the Chinese ruler sent three embassies to Harsha court.
580.The Chalukya king, Pulakesin II defeated Harshavardhan on the banks of which river?
[A] Narmada
[B] Kaveri
[C] Niranjana
[D] Rijupalika
Correct Answer: A [ Narmada]
Explanation: Chalukya king Pulakesin II had defeated Harshavardhan on the banks of River Narmada in
618 AD. Pulakeshin, who ruled from the Chalukyan capitalof Badami, challenged Harsha’s conquests. The
former had established himself as ‘lord paramount’ of the south, as Harsha had of the north. Unwilling to
tolerate the existence of a powerful rival in the south, Harsha had marched from Kanauj with a huge force.
Such was Pulakeshin’s efficiency in guarding the passes of the Narmada that Harsha was compelled to
accept the river as the demarcation and retire from the field of battle after losing a major part of his
elephant force.
581.Who defeated Harsha Vardhana on the banks of river Narmada in 630 A.D.?
[A] Pulakesin II
[B] Mahendravarman I
[C] Pulakesin I
[D] Kirtivarman I
Correct Answer: A [ Pulakesin II ]
Explanation:As per the Aihole inscription, Harsha Vardhana was defeated by Pulakesin-II, the great
Chalukya king, on the banks of river Narmada in 630 A.D.
582.Which of the following Chinese traveller came to India during the reign of Harshavardhana?
[A] Hiuen-Tsang
[B] Fa Hein
[C] Nicolo Conti
[D] Both A & B
Correct Answer: A [ Hiuen-Tsang ]
Explanation: Hieun Tsang, the Chinese pilgrim, visited India during the reign of Harshavardhana with an
aim of securing authentic Buddhist scripts. The Kannauj assembly (643 AD) was held in the honour of
Hieun Tsang and to popularise Mahayana sect of Buddhism. He stayed in India for about fifteen years and
recorded his experience in his book ,’ Si-Yu-Ki’. The book throws lights on the religion, customs, traditions,
etc. Of the country.
583.Which among the following play is/are written by Harshavardhan ?

[A] Nagananda
[B] Ratnavali
[C] Priyadarshika
[D] All of these
Correct Answer: D [ All of these ]
Explanation: Harsha wrote three sanskrit plays- Nagananda, Ratnavali and Priyadarshika.
584.What was the other name of Harshavardhana?

[A] Siladitya
[B] Harshaditya
[C] Bhaskarvarman
[D] Vishnuvardhan
Correct Answer: A [ Siladitya ]
Explanation: Bharshavardhan (606-647 AD) was also known as Siladitya. His kingdom extends from
Punjab, West Bengal, Orissa and from Himalayas to the entire Indo-Gangetic plain north of the Narmada
river. He gave equal respect to all religions and became the follower of Buddhism in his later life.
585.Who wrote Kadambari?

[A] Chankya
[B] Banabhatta
[C] Charak
[D] Radhagupt
Correct Answer: B [ Banabhatta ]
Explanation: Kadambri is a romantic novel in Sanskrit, written by Banabhatta who was the court poet and
close companion of Harshavardhana.
586.Who assassinated Grahavarmana, the brother in law of Harshavardhan ?

[A] Shashanka of Gauda
[B] Kirtivarman
[C] Chandragupta
[D] Narsimhavarman
Correct Answer: A [ Shashanka of Gauda ]
Explanation: Shashanka of Gauda assassinated Grahavarmana and imprisoned his wife Rajyasri ( who was
sister of Harshavardhana).
587.Who was the brother-in-law of Harshavardhan?

[A] Grahavarmana
[B] Banabhatta
[C] Devgupta
[D] Bhaskarvarman
Correct Answer: A [ Grahavarmana ]
Explanation: The sister of Harshavardhan, Rajyasri was married to Grahavarmana, King of Kanauj. He was
the last ruler of Kanauj belonging to the Maukhari royal dynasty.
588.Who among the following was the founder of Pushyabhuti Dynasty ?

[A] Pushyabhuti
[B] Prabhakar Vardhan
[C] Aditya vardhan
[D] Harshavardhan
Correct Answer: A [ Pushyabhuti ]
Explanation: According to Banabhatta, Pushyabhuti was the founder of Pushyabhuti Dynasty.
589.Who among the following is the author of ‘Harshacharita’ ?

[A] Banabhatta
[B] Hiuen Tsang
[C] Harshavardhan
[D] Bhaskarvarman
Correct Answer: A [ Banabhatta ]
Explanation: Banabhatta was the court poet of Harshavardhana, who wrote Harshacharita and
Kadambari. Harshacharita is an important historical work narratted the incidents of the earlier part of
Harsha’s reign.
590.Which among the following define the similarities between Buddhism and Jainism?
[A] Both opposed Brahmanical domination and caste system
[B] Both accepted the theories of rebirth
[C] Both preached truth and non-violence

Explanation: The similarities between Buddhism and Jainism are a) Both opposed Brahmanical
domination and caste system. B) Both have accepted the theories of Karma and rebirth and Moksha. C)
Both preached truth, non-violence, celibacy and detachment from material comforts.. D) Both Uphold the
essence of Vedas.
591.Tirthankara Parswanath’s idol is recognized by which symbol?

[A] Lion
[B] Bull
[C] Tortoise
[D] Serpent
Correct Answer: D [ Serpent ]
Explanation: Tirthankara Parswanath was the 23rd Tirthankar who preached four teachings of Jainism:
not to kill, not to lie, not to steal and not to own property. His idol is recognized by the symbol of serpent.
592.What was the fifth tenet added by Tirthankara Mahavira to the four basic tenets of Jainism?
[A] Non injury
[B] Non lying
[C] Observe continence
[D] Non stealing
Correct Answer: C [ Observe continence]
Explanation: The five main teachings of Jainism are do not commit violence, do not speak a lie, do not
steal, do not acquire property and observe continence (brahmacharya). The brahmacharya was added by
Lord Mahavira.
593.The grandson of Ashoka, who accepted Jainism was __?

[A] Samprati
[B] Kunala
[C] Dasharatha
[D] Salisuka
Correct Answer: A [ Samprati]
Explanation: Emperor Samprati was the grandson of Emperor Ashoka, who reigned from 224–274 BCE.
And accepted Jainism.
594.Which ruler is credited for the spread of Jainism in Karnataka?

[B] Bimbisara
[C] Ashoka
[D] Samparati
Correct Answer: A [ Chandragupta Maurya ]
Explanation: The spread of Jainism in Karnataka is attributed to Chandragupta Maurya. The Emperor
became a Jaina, gave up his throne and spent the last years of his life in Karnataka as a Jaina ascetic.
595.Under whose leadership, Jainism spread in South India?

[A] Sthalabahu
[B] Bhadrabahu
[C] Ashoka
Correct Answer: B [ Bhadrabahu ]
Explanation: The Jainism was spread in South India under the leadership of Bhadrabahu.
596.Under whose leadership Shvetambara sect formed?

[A] Bhadrabahu
[B] Sthalabahu
[D] Ashoka
Correct Answer: B [ Sthalabahu ]
Explanation: Sthalabahu Jainism is divided into two major sects viz. The Digambara (sky clad) sect and the
Shvetambara (white clad) sect. Under the leadership of Sthalabahu, Shvetambara sect formed. Under the
leadership of Bhadrabahu, the Digambara sect was formed.
597.Where was the second Jain council held?

[A] Pataliputra
[B] Vallabhi
[C] Patliputra
[D] Vaishali
Correct Answer: B [ Vallabhi ]
Explanation: The second Jain Council was held at Vallabhi under the chairmainship of Devaradhi
Kshamasramana in 512 AD and resulted in finl compilation of 12 Angas and 12 Upangas.
598.Where was the first Jain council held?

[A] Pavapuri
[B] Pataliputra
[C] Jimbhikagrama
[D] Vaishali
Correct Answer: B [ Pataliputra ]
Explanation: The first Jain council was held at Pataliputra by Sthulabahu in the beginning of the third
century BC and resulted in the compilation of 12 Angas to (sections or limbs) to replace the lost Purvas
(former texts).
599.At which place Mahavira attained Niravana?

[A] Pavapuri
[B] Kundagram
[C] Vaishali
[D] Rajgriha
Correct Answer: A [ Pavapuri]
Explanation: At the age of 72 in 468 BC, Tirthankar Mahavira passed away at Pavapuri, Bihar.
600.Mahavir Swami belonged to which clan?

[A] Kosala
[B] Huna
[C] Jantriak
[D] Sakya
Correct Answer: C [ Jantriak]
Explanation: Jantriak Vardhamana Mahavir belonged an aristocratic family and Kshatriya clan called Naya
or Jnatri. He was born in Kudagrama, near modern Patna and his father was King of this area. His mother,
Trishala was sister of Chetak (Cetakka) an eminent Lichchvi prince of Vaisali.
601.The name of wife of Vardhaman Mahavira was __?

[A] Yashoda
[B] Chellna
[C] Trishala
[D] Mahamaya
Correct Answer: A [ Yashoda]
Explanation: Yashoda was the wife of Mahavir Swami, who was the daughter of Samarvira king.
602.According to some Jain traditions, who was son-in-law and first disciple of Tirthankara Mahavira?
[A] Jamali
[B] Jamvant
[C] Jamval
[D] Cant’ say
Correct Answer: A [ Jamali ]
Explanation: According to some Jain traditions (Shwetambara mainly), Jamali was the son-in-law and first
disciple of Tirthankara Mahavira.
603.Which of the following Jain Tirthankara have been mentioned in Rigveda?

[A] Rishabha and Aristanemi
[B] Mahavira and Parsvanath
[C] Rishabha and Malinath
[D] Parsvanath and Rishabha
Correct Answer: A [ Rishabha and Aristanemi ]
Explanation: The Jain Tirthankaras, Lord Aristanemi (22nd Tirthankar) and Lord Rishabh Nath (1st
Tirthankar) has been mentioned in Rigveda.
604.In which year, Vardhamana Mahavira was born?

[A] 563 BC
[B] 540 BC
[C] 533 BC
[D] 560 BC
Correct Answer: B [ 540 BC ]
Explanation: Vardhamana Mahavira was born in 540 BC at Kundaligrama, now in Bihar.
605.On the bank of which river, Mahavira attained Kaivalaya?

[A] Niranjana
[B] Rijupalika
[C] Yamuna
[D] Jamuna
Correct Answer: B [ Rijupalika]
Explanation: At the age of 42, Mahavira attained Kaivalaya under a Sal tree on the bank of river Rijupalika
near Jrimbhikgrama in Modern Bihar.
606. Who was the first Tirthankara in Jainism?

[A] Rishabhdev
[B] Parsavanath
[C] Mahavira
[D] Munisuvrata
Correct Answer: A [ Rishabhdev ]
Explanation: Lord Rishabhdev was the first Tirthankara of Jainism. He was born at Ayodhya in the
Ikshwaku Kula or clan. In Hinduism he is known to be an avatara or incarnation of Vishnu. The name of
Rishabh’s parents has been mentioned in the Bhagvata Purana.
607. What was the name of Gautam Buddha’s only son ?

[A] Rahul
[B] Channa
[C] Kanthala
[D] Chunda
Correct Answer: A [ Rahul ]
Explanation: Rahul was the only son of Gautama Buddha and his wife Yasodhara, born at 534 BC.
608.At which age Gautam Buddha got Nirvana?

[A] 24
[B] 35
[C] 38
[D] 42
Correct Answer: B [ 35 ]
Explanation: Gautam Buddha was born at Lumbini, Kapilvastu in 563 BC. At the age of 35 years, Gautam
Buddha attained Nirvana (or enlightment) under a pipal tree at Bodh Gaya on the bank of river Niranjana.
609.During whose reign the Third Buddhist Council was organized?

[A] Ashoka
[B] Kalasoka
[C] Ajatsatru
[D] Kanishka
Correct Answer: A [ Ashoka ]
Explanation: The Third Buddhist Council was held at Patliputra during the reign of Emperor Ashoka. It was
held under the Presidentship of Moggliputra Tissa to revise scriptures.
610.In which Buddhist council, Buddhism was divided into Sthaviravadins and Mahasanghikas?
[A] Second Buddhist council
[B] Third Buddhist council
[C] First Buddhist council
[D] Fourth Buddhist council
Correct Answer: A [ Second Buddhist council ]
Explanation: In the second Buddhist council, Buddhism was divided into Sthaviravadins and
Mahasanghikas.
611.Which among the following is not among Ashtamahasthanas?

[A] Lumbini
[B] Rajgriha
[C] Vajrayana
[D] Taxila
Correct Answer: D [ Taxila ]
Explanation: The holy places where the four principal events of the Buddha’s life took place are Lumbini
(birth), Bodh Gaya (Enlightenment), Sarnath (First Sermon), Kusinagar (Death took place). Apart from
these four places, there are another four holy places viz. Sravasti, Rajgriha, Vaishali and Vajrayana, these
eight holy places are known as Ashtamahasthanas.
612. Which among conclusions has been derived from the debasement of the coins and gradual
disappearance of gold coins during the post-Gupta period?
[A] Commodities became cheap
[B] Gold Mining was stalled
[C] Money economy was gradually replaced by Barter Economy
[D] There was a decline in trade
Correct Answer: D [ There was a decline in trade ]
Explanation: Debasement of the coins and gradual disappearance of gold coins during the post-Gupta
period indicates the Decline of Trade.
613.In the revenue department of Mauryas, who among the following was in-charge of the collection of
all revenues in the empire?
[A] Sannidhatri
[B] Pradeshta
[C] Yukta
[D] Samahatra
Correct Answer: D [ Samahatra ]
Explanation: Mauryan administration: Samaharta – chancellor of the exchequer; responsible for the
collection of revenue. The Revenue Department had Samharta who was incharge of the collection of all
revenues in the empire
614.Which among the following Kushana king adopted the epithet Dharma-thida?
[A] Vima Kadaphises
[B] Kuzul Kadaphises
[C] Kanishka the Great
[D] Huvishka
Correct Answer: B [ Kuzul Kadaphises ]
Explanation: Kuzul Kadaphises (or Kadphises I) was the founder of kushanas dynasty. Kujula known to
have assumed in his coins the epithets Dharma-thida and Sacha-dharma-thita which evidently refer to his
adherence to the Buddhist and Saiva faiths.
615.Which among the following Gupta emperors called himself “Lichchhavi-dauhitra”?

[A] Shrigupta
[B] Chandragupta I
[C] Chandragupta II
[D] Samudragupta
Correct Answer: D [ Samudragupta ]

Explanation: Chandragupta-I married the daughter of Licchhavis, a royal influential family .His son and
successor Samudragupta calls himself Lichchavi- dauhitra the son of the daughter of the Lichchavis.
616.In Pali texts, who among the following is referred to as Nigantha Nataputta?
[A] Gautam Buddha
[B] Mahavira
[C] Parshvanatha
[D] Rishabha
Correct Answer: B [ Mahavira ]
Explanation: Nigantha Nataputta refers to Mahavira. A Nirgrantha refers to Jains. A person who has
attained kevalya can be a nirgrantha.
617.At which among the following sites of Indus Valley Civilization, the rows of distinctive fire altars with
provision of ritual bathing have been found ?
[A] Mohen-jo-daro
[B] Harappa
[C] Kalibangan
[D] Lothal
Correct Answer: C [ Kalibangan ]
Explanation: Kalibangan – is an archaeological site where Ploughed Field, Bones of Camel, Circular and
Rectangular Graves, distinctive fire (Vedic ) altars with provision of ritual bathing have been found.
618.The earliest evidence of rice cultivation comes from which among the following valleys?
[A] Central Ganga Valley
[B] Belan Valley
[C] Gomal Valley
[D] Bolan Valley
Correct Answer: B [ Belan Valley ]
Explanation: Belan Valley, Allahabad is one of the regions the earliest evidence of rice cultivation has
come.
619.The inscriptions of Ashoka and the Brahmi script were deciphered by ___?
[A] Alexander Cunningham
[B] James Princep
[C] Max Muller
[D] Mortimer Wheeler
Correct Answer: B [ James Princep ]
Explanation: James Princep (1799-1840) was an English scholar, orientalist and antiquary. He was the
founding editor of the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal and is best remembered for deciphering the
Kharosthi and Brahmi scripts of ancient India. He was the first to decipher the inscriptions of Ashoka and
the Brahmi script.
620.The minister of the Gahadvala King Govindachandra and author of Kalpadruma was __?
[A] Apararka
[B] Chandesvara
[C] Lakshmidhara
[D] Vijnanesvara
Correct Answer: C [ Lakshmidhara ]
Explanation: THE GAHADVALA DYANSTY – descendants of Suryavansha of Ayodhya. The Gahadvala, or
Gaharwar, was a Hindu and Buddhist Indian dynasty that ruled the kingdom of Kannauj for approximately
a hundred years, beginning in the late eleventh century. The founder of the Kannauj Gahadvala dynasty
was Chandradeva, who took control of Kannauj at the end of the 11th century (1090A.D.). During the rule
of his successor, Govindachandra, from 1114–1154, the state of Gahadvala reached the pinnacle of its
power, »His minister, Lakshmidhara, was the author of several legal works, including Kalpadruma.
621.Which of the following Chola kings was the first to capture Maldives?
[A] Rajaraja
[B] Rajendra I
[C] Rajadhiraja
[D] Rajendra II
Correct Answer: A [ Rajaraja ]
Explanation: [Rajaraja Chola I laid the foundation for the growth of the Chola kingdom into an empire, by
conquering the kingdoms of southern India and the Chola Empire expanded as far as Sri Lanka in the
south, and Kalinga (Orissa) in the northeast. He conquered Sri Lanka, the Maldives, Sumatra and other
places in Malay Peninsula. The naval conquest of the ‘old islands of the sea numbering 12,000’, the
Maldives marked one of the conquests of Rajaraja. Rajaraja I built a strong navy with the aim of controlling
the sea.
622.“The king was the ruler of all except Brahamanas”. This was the view of __?
[A] Manu
[B] Yajnavalkya
[C] Apasthamba
[D] Gautama
Correct Answer: D [ Gautama ]
Explanation: Gautama-dharmasutra The Dharmasutras: The Law Codes of Apastamba, Gautama,
Baudhayana, and Vasistha The Dharmasutras are the four surviving written works of the ancient Indian
tradition on the subject of dharma, or the rules of behavior a community recognizes as binding on its
members. Gautama- dharmasutra is believed to be the oldest of the four Hindu Dharmasastras, It survives
as an independent treatise. According to Gautama the ruler is the owner of everything in his realm except
the brahmanas.
623.For which among the following offenses, Manu recommended higher punishment to Brahamans than
the persons of other varnas?
[A] Profanity
[B] Murder
[C] Theft
[D] Treason
Correct Answer: C [ Theft]
Explanation: According to Manu, a Brahamana was to be awarded higher punishment than the persons
of other varnas for the offence of Theft.
624.Metronymics were borne by the later rulers of which among the following dynasties?
[A] Maurya
[B] Sunga
[C] Kanva
[D] Satavahana
Correct Answer: D [ Satavahana]
Explanation: Metronymics: A name derived from the name of a mother or female ancestor. The
metronymics are borne by the later Satavahanas and not by the early Satavahanas. It was mainly because
Satavahanas had to establish matrimonial alliance with maharathis. The metronymics of the Satavahanas
was the result of such alliances.
625.One of the writers of the Dharmashashtra disapproved the practice of Sati declaring it as an act of
suicide. Identify him from the given options:
[A] Angiras
[B] Medhatithi
[C] Usana
[D] Visnu
Correct Answer: B [ Medhatithi ]
Explanation: Medhatithi is one of the oldest and most famous commentators on the Manusmriti. He
considered sati system identical to suicide, which was forbidden by the Vedas. One shall not die before
the span of one’s life is run out.
626.Vallabhi era is identical with which of the following era?

[A] The Vikrama era
[B] The Gupta era
[C] The Harsha era
Correct Answer: B [ The Gupta era ]
Explanation: Vallabhi era is identical with Gupta era and Vallabhi era followed Gupta era in A.D. 366.
627.The cotton cloth worn by Indians had a brighter white colour than any cotton found elsewhere. This
view was recorded by __?
[A] Alexander
[B] Megasthenes
[C] Nearchus
[D] Pliny
Correct Answer: B [ Megasthenes ]
Explanation: Megasthenes – an ancient Greek historian and diplomat, author of an account of India, the
Indica, in four books. He was sent by the Hellenistic king Seleucus I on embassies to the Mauryan emperor
Chandragupta Maurya. He wrote that the dress worn by the Indians was made of cotton of a brighter
white colour than any cotton found elsewhere.
628.Which among the following is / are the terms used for coins of the Gupta period? 1. Dinara 2. Dramma
3. Rupaka 4. Suvarna Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:
[A] 4 only
[B]
[C] 1, 4
[D] 1, 2, 3, 4
Correct Answer: C [ 1, 4 ]
Explanation: The gold coins of Gupta period were called Dinara inspired by the Roman coins but later the
coins were minted in the Indian style with the weight standard of 9.2 gms of gold and called Suvarna.
629.The Kushans issues the coins made of __? 1. Gold 2. Silver 3. Copper Choose the correct option from
the codes given below:
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 1 & 2
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Correct Answer: D [ 1, 2 & 3 ]
Explanation: The Kushans issued coins of Gold, Silver and Copper .
630.The last Mauryan ruler, who was killed by his Commander-in-Chief was __?
[A] Dasaratha
[B] Kun-ala
[C] Samprati
[D] Brihadratha
Correct Answer: D [ Brihadratha ]
Explanation: Maurya Emperor Brihadratha was killed by his senapati (Commander-in-Chief) Pushymitra
Shunga . Pushymitra Shunga founded the Shunga Dynasty in around 185-183 BC.
631.Who among the following was the author of Abhidhamma treatise Kathavatthu?
[A] Mah-a kassapa
[B] Mahinda
[C] Milinda
[D] Moggaliputta Tissa.
Correct Answer: D [ Moggaliputta Tissa. ]
Explanation: The Abhidhamma treatise Kathavatthu was written by Moggaliputta Tissa. He was a
Buddhist monk and scholar who lived in the 3rd century BC . Moggaliputta-Tissa was the spiritual teacher
of the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka, and his son Mahinda, who brought Buddhism to Sri Lanka. He also
presided over the Third Buddhist Council.
632.In which among the following sacrifices, the sacrificial materials used was sura in Vedic Era?
[A] Agnistoma
[B] Rajasuya
[C] Sautramani
[D] Vajapeya
Correct Answer: C [ Sautramani ]
Explanation: Sautramani was the sacrifice of the asuras and was adopted by the devas. The sacrificial
materials used was sura, wine. In the Sautramani sacrifice the oblations of sura are prescribed.
633.In the Rigvedic Dasrajan Yudha (Battle of Ten Kings) the Bharatas emerged winner at the bank of __?
[A] The Indus River
[B] The Saraswati River
[C] The Sutlej River

[D] The Parushni River
Correct Answer: D [ The Parushni River ]
Explanation: According to Rigveda,the famous battle of ten kings ( or Dasrajan Yudha) was between
Sudas, a Bharata king of the Tritsu family and the confederacy of ten well-known tribes- Puru, Yadu,
Turvasa, Anu, Druhyu, Alina, Paktha ,Bhalanas,Shiva and Vishanin.In the bloody and decisive battle on the
banks of River Parushni the Bharatas emerged victorious.
634.Which of the following Pala ruler founded the Somapuri University?

[A] Gopala
[B] Kumarpala
[C] Dharmapala
[D] Ramapala
Correct Answer: C [ Dharmapala ]
Explanation: The Somapuri University is situated at North Bengal and was founded by Dharmapala, the
Pala ruler.
635.Which among the following University was founded by Ramapala, the ruler of Pala dynasty?
[A] Somapuri
[B] Vallabhi
[C] Jagadal
[D] Odantpuri
Correct Answer: C [ Jagadal ]
Explanation: Jagadal is situated in Bengal and was founded by Ramapala, the Pala ruler.
636.Which among the following Bodhisattva holds thunderbolt?

[A] Vajrapani
[B] Manjushri
[C] Maitreya
[D] Amitabha
Correct Answer: A [ Vajrapani ]
Explanation: The Bodhisattva, Vajrapani, holds a thunderbolt like the deity Indra of Hinduism and fights
against evil and sin. Avlokitesvara or Padmapani is the lotus bearer; Majushri holds a book describing 10
paramitas ( spiritual perfections); Maitreya is the future Buddha; Ksitigarbha is the bodhisattva of hell-
beings and guardian of purgatories; while Amitabha is Buddha of heaven and the Buddha of Immeasurable
Life and Light.
637.Gautma Buddha’s mother ‘Mahamaya’ belongs to which tribe?

[A] Pala
[B] Gupta
[C] Kushan
[D] Koliya
Correct Answer: D [ Koliya ]
Explanation: Gautma Buddha’s mother ‘Mahamaya’ belonged to Koliya tribe and she married
Suddhodhana, who was a king of Sakya clan. The Sakya and Koliya ruled on opposite banks of the Rohni
river in current Rupendehi District of Lumbini, Nepal. Both of them were republics.
638.The Vallabhi University was set up by which ruler?

[A] Kumargupta I
[B] Bhattarka
[C] Dharmapala
[D] Gopala
Correct Answer: B [ Bhattarka ]
Explanation: The Maitrak King, Bhattarka established the Vallabhi University in Gujarat.
639.The Vikramshila University was set up by which ruler of Pala dynasty?

[A] Dharmapala
[B] Ramapala
[C] Gopala
[D] Kumarpala
Correct Answer: A [ Dharmapala ]
Explanation: The Vikramshila University was set up by the Pala dynasty king Dharmapala in the late 8th
or early 9th century at Bhagalpur, Bihar. The ancient Vikramshila University was intended to complement
the existing world class universities at Nalanda and Takshila. It lasted four centuries before being
destroyed during an attack by Bakhtiyar Khilji of the Delhi Sultanate.
640.The University of Nalanda was set up by which Gupta ruler?

[A] Kumargupta I
[B] Chandragupta II
[C] Samudragupta
[D] Kumargupta II
Correct Answer: A [ Kumargupta I ]
Explanation: The University of Nalanda was established at Badagoan,Bihar in the 5th century during the
reign of the Gupta emperor Kumaragupta I.
641.Which sect of Buddhism does not believe in idol-worship?

[A] Hinayana
[B] Mahayana
[C] Vajrayana
Correct Answer: A [ Hinayana ]
Explanation: Those who followed strictly the doctrine of Buddha and denied the existence of God were
known as the followers of Lesser vehicle or Hinayana. The Hinayana sect does not believe in idol worship,
nor do its followers believe that Buddha was God.
642.Which among the following Buddhist scripture deals in the moral code of conduct?
[A] Abhidhamma Pitaka
[B] Vinay Pitaka
[C] Sutta Pitaka
[D] None of them
Correct Answer: B [ Vinay Pitaka ]
Explanation: The Buddhist scripture, Vinay Pitaka mainly deals with rules and regulations, which the
Buddha promulgated. It describes in detail the gradual development of the Sangha. In other words, it is
the code of ethics to be obeyed by the early sangha, monks and nuns.
643.Which among the following Buddhist scripture deals in the teachings of Buddhism?
[A] Abhidhamma Pitaka
[B] Vinay Pitaka
[C] Sutta Pitaka
[D] Both b & c
Correct Answer: C [ Sutta Pitaka ]
Explanation: The Sutta-pitaka (or basket of suttas) contains the essence of the Gautma Buddha’s teaching
regarding the Dhamma. It contains more than 10,000 suttas (or teachings) attributed to the Buddha or
his close disciples. It is the second of three sections of the Tripitaka, the earliest Buddhist scripture. The
Sutta Pitaka is made of five nikayas ( or collections) of suttas viz. Digha Nikaya, Majjhima Nikaya, Samyutta
Nikaya, Anguttara Nikaya, Khuddaka Nikaya.
644.Abhidhamma pitaka deals in which of the following?

[A] members of great community
[B] teachings of Buddha
[C] moral code of conduct
[D] matters of psychology and metaphysics
Correct Answer: D [ matters of psychology and metaphysics]
Explanation: The Abhidhamma pitaka deals in the matters of psychology and metaphysics.
645.During whose reign Mahayana sect of Buddhism came into existence?

[A] Ashoka
[B] Kanishka
[C] Ajatsatru
[D] Nagarjuna
Correct Answer: B [ Kanishka ]
Explanation: Mahayana sect of Buddhism emerged during the reign of Kanishka. Asanga was the founder
of Mahayan sect of Buddhism.
646.In which Buddhist Council, Buddhism was divided into Mahayana and Hinayana sects?
[A] First Buddhist Council
[B] Second Buddhist Council
[C] Third Buddhist Council
[D] Fourth Buddhist Council
Correct Answer: D [ Fourth Buddhist Council ]
Explanation: Buddhism was divided into Mahayana and Hinayana in the Fourth Buddhist Council.
647.Who presided First Buddhist Council?

[A] Mahakassapa
[B] Vasumitra
[C] Moggliputra Tissa
[D] Sabakami
Correct Answer: A [ Mahakassapa ]
Explanation: The First Buddhist Council was held at Saptaparni cave near Rajagriha in 72 AD, during the
reign of Emperor Ajatsatru. It was held under the Presidentship of Mahakassapa to compile the Dhamma
Pitaka and Vinaya Pitaka.
648.Who presided Fourth Buddhist Council?

[A] Mahakassapa
[B] Vasumitra
[D] Sabakami
Correct Answer: B [ Vasumitra ]
Explanation: The Fourth Buddhist Council was held at Kundalvana, Kashmir in 72 AD during the reign of
Kushan king Kanishka. It was held under the Presidentship of Vasumitra to compose commentaries on the
Tripitika.
649.Who presided Second Buddhist Council?

[A] Mahakassapa
[B] Vasumitra
[D] Sabakami
Correct Answer: D [ Sabakami]
Explanation: The second Buddhist Council took place at Vaishali in 383 BC. It was presided by Sabakami
under Kalasoka of Shisunga dynatsy to settle down dispute between two opposing groups of monks of
Vaishali and Patliputra and monks of Kausambi and Avanti regarding the code of discipline.
650.First Buddhist Council was held during the reign of which of the following kings?
[A] Ajatsatru
[B] Ashoka
[C] Kanishka
[D] Kalasoka
Correct Answer: A [ Ajatsatru]
Explanation: The First Buddhist Council was held at Saptaparni cave near Rajagriha in 72 AD, during the
reign of Emperor Ajatsatru. It was held under the Presidentship of Mahakassapa to compile the Dhamma
Pitaka and Vinaya Pitaka.
651.During whose reign was the Fourth Buddhist Council held?

[A] Ashoka
[B] Kalasoka
[C] Ajatsatru
[D] Kanishka
Correct Answer: D [ Kanishka ]
Tripitika.
652.What symbol represents nirvana of Gautama Buddha?

[A] Lotus
[B] Wheel
[C] Horse
[D] Bodhi Tree
Correct Answer: D [ Bodhi Tree ]
Explanation: Bodhi Tree is the symbol of nirvana of Gautama Buddha. On the other hand, Stupa
represents the symbol of death of Gautama Buddha. Further, The symbol ‘Horse’ signifies the
renunciation of Buddha’s life.
653.What symbol represents birth of Gautama Buddha?

[A] Bodh tree
[B] Lotus
[C] Horse
[D] Wheel
Correct Answer: B [ Lotus ]
Explanation: Lotus and bull resembles the symbol of birth of Gautama Buddha.
654.According to Buddhist traditions, who was Charioteer of Buddha?

[A] Channa
[B] Kanthaka
[C] Devdatta
[D] Chunda
Correct Answer: A [ Channa ]
Explanation: Channa was the name of Charioteer of Gautam Buddha.
655.Who was ‘Kanthaka’ in the context of Gautam Buddha?

[A] Charioteer
[B] Body-guard
[C] Cousin
[D] Horse
Correct Answer: D [ Horse]
Explanation: Kanthaka was the royal horse of Gautama Buddha.
656.Which one is the longest epic of the world?

[A] Ramayana
[B] Ramcharitmanas
[C] Mahabharata
[D] Hanuman Chalisa
Correct Answer: C [ Mahabharata]
Explanation: The Mahabharata by Ved vyas is the longest epic of the world consists of 1,00,000 shlokas.
657.The Boghazkoi inscription was discovered in __?

[A] India
[B] Iran
[C] Syria
[D] Turkey
Correct Answer: D [ Turkey ]
Explanation: Homeland of Aryans : one of the inscription proves that the Aryans are from Central Asia is
Boghazkoi (Asia Minor ,Turkey ) Inscription.
658.The Aryans dedicated whole of a separate Mandala in Rig-Veda for the hymns dedicated to __?
[A] Agni
[B] Varuna
[C] Indra
[D] Soma
Correct Answer: D [ Soma ]
Explanation: Soma & Haoma : (It is the 9th Mandal of Rigveda which contains 114 hymns ) The fermented
juice of the plant called Soma appears to have been the only intoxicating drink used in Vedic times. So
much were the ancient Aryans addicted to this drink, that Soma was soon worshipped as a deity both in
India and in Iran (under the name Haoma in the latter country), and we find one entire Mandala, or Book,
of the Rig-Veda, dedicated to this deity.
659. Emperor Akbar conferred the title of Jagatguru upon which among the following Jaina Philosophers?
[A] Anandasagar Suri
[B] Vijaykanak Suri
[C] Hira vijay Suri
[D] Vijay Shantichandra Suri
Correct Answer: C [ Hira vijay Suri ]
Explanation: 1526–1595 C.E: Muni Hiravijayji Suri was the supreme pontiff of Tapa Gachcha order of Jain
Svetambara tradition. He is famous for propounding the Jain philosophy to Emperor Akbar and turning
him towards vegetarianism. Akbar was so impressed with Hiravijaya Suri that he bestowed on him the
title of Jagatguru . Akbar almost denounced meat eating and almost turned to vegetarianism due to
inspiration from him.
660.Which among the following village was the site of the Vikramshila Mahavihara, the renowned
educational centre of Pala period?
[A] Antichak
[B] Aphasad
[C] Basarh
[D] Chandimau
Correct Answer: A [ Antichak]
Explanation: Antichak – Excavated site Vikramshila Vikramashila was founded by Pala King Dharmapala
in response to a supposed decline in the quality of scholarship at Nalanda. [It was destroyed by Bakhtiyar
Khilji ]
661.In context with the Mahayana Buddhism faith, the future Buddha is ___?
[A] Krakuchanda
[B] Amitabha
[C] Maitreya
[D] Kanak Muni
Correct Answer: C [ Maitreya]
Explanation: Maitreya is a future Buddha. According to scriptures, Maitreya will be a successor of the
historic Sakyamuni Buddha, who in the Buddhist tradition is to appear on Earth, achieve complete
enlightenment, and teach the pure dharma.
662.Which among the following two dynasties of the Northern India confronted with the Rashtrakutas?
[A] The Pratiharas and the Paramaras
[B] The Palas and the Chandelas
[C] The Pratiharas and the Palas
[D] The Chalukyas and the Chahamanas
Correct Answer: C [ The Pratiharas and the Palas ]

Explanation: North Indian Dynasties: Towards the close of the 8th century AD, there were three great
powers in India – the Palas in the east, the Gurjar- Pratiharas in the north and the Rashtrakutas in the
deccan. The tripartite struggle for the supremacy among the Palas, Partiharas and the Rashtrakutas was
the desire to possess the city of Kannauj, which was then a symbol of sovereignty.
663.The rulers of which among the following dynasties called themselves “Brahma-Kshatriay”?
[A] Palas
[B] Senas
[C] Pratiharas
[D] Chahamanas
Correct Answer: B [ Senas]
Explanation: Senas Dynasty: The dynasty’s founder was Hemanta Sen. It was a Hindu dynasty that ruled
from Bengal through the 11th and 12th centuries.
664.Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

[A] Nagananda Harsha
[B] Mudrarakshasa Visakhadatta
[C] Mrichchhakatika Sudraka
[D] Ratnavali Rajasekhara
Correct Answer: D [ Ratnavali Rajasekhara]
Explanation: »Mricchakatika, is a ten-act Sanskrit drama written by Sudraka. »Nagananda is one of the
best Sanskrit dramas in five acts dealing with the popular story of Jimutavahana’s self-sacrifice to save the
Nagas, written by king Harsha (Vardhana Dynasty). »The Mudrarakshasa (“The Signet of the Minister”) is
a historical play in Sanskrit by Vishakhadatta that narrates the ascent of the king Chandragupta Maurya
to power in Northern India. »Ratnavali is a Sanskrit drama about a beautiful princess named Ratnavali,
and a great king named Udayana, written by Indian emperor Harsha (Vardhana dynasty).
665.Parnadatta was appointed the Provincial Governor of Saurashtra by __?

[B] Rudradaman
[C] Chandragupta II
[D] Skandagupta
Correct Answer: D [ Skandagupta]
Explanation: Skandgupta’s Junagarh Inscription: It states that Skandagupta appointed Parnadatta as
goptri (governor) of Surashtra (Saurashtra).
666.The title “Paramasaugata” was adopted by ___?

[A] Bhaskar Varman
[B] Shashanka
[C] Rajya Vardhana
[D] Harsha
Correct Answer: C [ Rajya Vardhana ]
Explanation: Rajyavardhana has been mentioned as Parama- Saugata in Harsha’s Madhuvana and
Banskhera inscriptions.
667.Garuda was adopted as dynastic emblem after the imperial Guptas by ___?
[A] Rashtrakutas
[B] Western Chalukyas
[C] Shilaharas
[D] Chedis
Correct Answer: A [ Rashtrakutas ]
Explanation: Rashtrakutas adopted “Garuda”as dynastic emblem after the imperial Guptas.
668.Who among the following was the first Satavahana King to introduce the Ruler’s head on the coins ?
[A] Satkarni I
[B] Gautamiputra Satkarni
[C] Vasishthiputra Pulumavi
[D] Yajna Satakarni
Correct Answer: A [ Satkarni I ]
Explanation: Satavahana dynasty ruled from Pune in Maharastra to Coastal Andhra Pradesh in the 2nd
century BC onwards. The coins issued by Satavahanas had Bilingual legends. The name of the Kings was
mentioned in Prakrit as well as some south Indian Language. Satavahana Kings promoted Buddhism.
Satkarni I was the first Satavahana King to introduce the Ruler’s head on the coins.
669.Which one of the following places was a mint centre of the Yaudheyas?
[A] Bayana
[B] Rohtak
[C] Bareilly
[D] Mathura
Correct Answer: B [ Rohtak ]
Explanation: The sacred town of Rohtak, also called Rohtak or mint of the Yaudheyas . Note : Karttikeya
was the principal deity of the Yaudheyas.
670. Who among the following was the ruler of Kanchi during the time of Samudragupta ?
[A] Hastivarman
[B] Mantaraja
[C] Nilaraja
[D] Vishnugopa
Hide Answer
Correct Answer: D [ Vishnugopa]
Explanation: King Vishnugopa (Pallava dynasty ) of Kanchi is mentioned in the list of rulers of the South
defeated by Samudra Gupta. It is mentioned in the Allahabad Pillar inscription of Samudra Gupta.
671.Who among the following is known to have performed four Asvamedha sacrifices?
[A] Pushyamitra Sunga
[B] Pravarasena I
[C] Samudragupta
[D] Nandivarman Pallavamalla
Correct Answer: B [ Pravarasena I ]
Explanation:
Vakataka Dynasty: 3rd Century -5th Century AD. They were the most important after the fall of
Satavahanas and before the rise of Chalukyas and they ruled in Modern Maharashtra and Madhya
Pradesh.power They were contemporary of Guptas.The dynasty was founded by Vindhyashakti.

Pravarasena I was the real founder of Vakataka empire. He performed four Asvamedha Yajnas.
672.In which of the following inscriptions Ashoka made his famous declaration, “All men are my children”?
[A] Minor Rock Edict (Ahraura)
[B] Pillar Edict VII
[C] Lumbini Pillar Edict
[D] Separate Kalinga Rock Edict I
Correct Answer: D [ Separate Kalinga Rock Edict I ]
Explanation: Separate Edicts: They were found at sites in Kalinga »Separate Edict I : Asoka declared all
people are my sons »Separate Edict II: proclamation of edicts even to a single person.
673.The beneficiaries of Asoka’s donations in the region of Barabar Hill were__?

[A] Buddhists
[B] Ajivikas
[C] Svetambar Jains
[D] Digambar Jains
Correct Answer: B [ Ajivikas ]
Explanation: The Edicts of Asoka are a collection of 33 inscriptions on the Pillars of Asoka. The one of the
Edict of Asoka is “Barbara cave Inscription : giving away the Barbara cave to Ajivika sect. Dasharataha is
known to have gifted the Nagarjuni hills to Ajivikas.
674. Who identified “Sandrokottus” of the Greco-Roman literature with Chandragupta Maurya?
[A] D. R. Bhandarkar
[B] Alexander Cunningham
[C] R. P. Chanda
[D] William Jones
Correct Answer: D [ William Jones ]
Explanation: i.Maurya Empire was the first and one of the greatest empire to be established in Indian
history by Chandragupta Maurya. Ii.He dethronged the last Nanda ruler Dhananand and occupied
Patliputra in 322 BC with the help of Kautilya(Chankya). Iii.In 305 BC ,he defeated Selecus Nikator ,who
was one of the generals of Alexander The Great (Greek ruler). Iv.He is also well-known in the Greek texts
as – Sandro Kottus, Androcottus, Sandokyptos.
675.Rulers of which of the following dynasties maintained diplomatic relations with distant countries such
as Syria in the West?
[A] Maurya
[B] Gupta
[C] Pallava
[D] Chola
Correct Answer: A [ Maurya]
Explanation: »Mauryan Emperor Bindusara had friendly relations with the Greek King Antiochos-I of Syria.
Deimachos was a Syrian Ambassador who came in the court of Bindusara. »Mauryan Emperor Ashoka the
Great: In his rock edict 13th mentions the names of 5 Hellenic kings– Antiochus II of Syria, Ptolemy II of
Egypt, Antigonus of Messedonia, Magas of Syrina, Alexander of Epirus .He sent missionaries to all of them.
»This shows that Mauryan dynasty maintained the diplomatic relations with distant countries like Syria in
the West.
676.The rulers of which among the following dynasties adopted the title Devaputra ?
[A] Maurya
[B] Sunga
[C] Kushana
[D] Saka-Kshatrapa
Correct Answer: C [ Kushana ]
Explanation: Kushanas Empire: Kanishka (100 – 126 AD), a prominent ruler of the Kushan Dynasty who
achieved remarkable milestones in the state of Jammu & Kashmir. His descendants called him as
Devaputra which means son of gods.
677.The Mahasamghika School arose at which among the following places?

[A] Bodha Gaya
[B] Rajagriha
[C] Sravasti
[D] Vaisali
Correct Answer: D [ Vaisali ]
Explanation: Also known as Mahasamghika, Mahasanghika, or Mahasanghika. »Great monastic
community. »One of first schools of Nikaya Buddhism »Result of (the first schism at) the Second Council
at Vaishali where they were outvoted and seceded. »The teachings of this school concerning the nature
of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas.
678.Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched ?

[A] Sakiyas →Kapilvastu
[B] Koliyas→Ramagrama
[C] Kalamas →Allakappa
[D] Mallas →Kusinagara
Correct Answer: C [ Kalamas →Allakappa ]
Explanation: Sakiyas of Kapilavastu : A republican clan with the capital at Kapilavattu, was a vassal of King
Prasenjit of Kosala It was a great center of Buddhism. Koliyas, a republican clan had 2 chief settlements in
Ramagama and Devadaha. Buddha was related to the Koliyans through his mother and wife. After the
demise of the Buddha, the Koliyans obtained a share of his relics and erected a stupa over it. Mallas had
2 confederacies; one at Kusinara and the other at Pava Kusinara was famous as it was the site of Buddha’s
Mahaparinirvana. Malla Roja initially opposed Buddhism, later accepted him after he heard the Buddha’s
discourses. Bulis of Allakappa, Moriyas of Pipphalivana and Kalamas of Kesaputta. They were followers of
the Buddha.All are related to Gautam Bhudha and Kautilya also mention many self governing clans in
which these exist.
679.Who among the following laid down for punishment for a person becoming mendicant without
making adequate provision for dependent wife and children?
[A] Manu
[B] Yajnavalkya
[C] Kautilya
[D] Narada
Correct Answer: C [ Kautilya ]
Explanation: Chanakya : He is also known by Vishnugupta, Kautilya,was born around 350 BC and is known
for his being the chief architect of Mauryan Empire and writing the pioneering work in the Economics and
Political Science that is Arthashstra. He is known as Indian Machiavelli in the western world.
680.With which among the following places, the twenty third Jain Tirthankara was associated?
[A] Vaishali
[B] Kausambi
[C] Varanasi
[D] Sravasti
Correct Answer: C [ Varanasi ]
Explanation: Tirthankar Parshvanath was the son of king Ashvasena and queen Vama of Varanasi. He
achieved Nirvana on the Sammet Sikhar. He lived in Varanasi around 800 BC. Parsvanatha is the 23rd Jain
Tirthankar.
681.Which of the following Upanishads is written in prose ?

[A] Isa
[B] Katha
[C] Brihadaranyaka
[D] Svetasvatara
Correct Answer: C [ Brihadaranyaka ]
Explanation: Brihadaranyaka will be correct answer of this question.
682. Who among the following were teachers of Gautama Buddha before his enlightenment ?
1. Alara Kalama
2. Udraka Ramputra
3. Makkhali Gosala
4. Nigantha Nataputta Indicate your answer from the codes given below.
[A] 1 and 4
[B] 3 and 4
[C] 2 and 3
[D] 1 and 2
Correct Answer: D [ 1 and 2 ]
Explanation: i.At ‘Vaishali’, Alara Kalama (Sankhya philosopher) taught the techniques of meditation and
the teaching of Upanishads to Gautam Buddha. Ii.At ‘Rajgriha’, Udraka Ramputra taught him to achieve
the highest level of meditation. Iii.At last, at the age of 35,Gautam Bhudha attained nirvana at ‘Bodh gaya
‘in Bihar.
683.Which among the following is an extant Shaka of the Rigveda Samhita?

[A] Saunaka
[B] Ashvalayan
[C] Shakala
[D] Sankhayana
Correct Answer: C [ Shakala ]
Explanation: Rigveda is the oldest Veda .In it,only two shakas of the Rig-Veda, Shakala sakha and Baskala
shaka, remain alive out of the 21 which existed at one time.
684.In the Junagarh inscription, which among the following Saka ruler achievements are highlighted?
[A] Moga
[B] Azes
[C] Rudraraman
[D] Nahapana
Correct Answer: C [ Rudraraman ]
Explanation: The military achievements, territories and many personal qualities of Rudraraman are
highlighted in the famous Junagadh inscription, written in 150 AD. It is the first major inscription to be
written in sanskrit.
685.During the reign of which Kushana king, the Fourth Buddhist Council was held?
[A] Kanishka
[B] Huvishka
[C] Vasudeva
[D] Vasishka
Correct Answer: A [ Kanishka ]
Tripitika.
686.The reign of which of the following reigns was known as golden age for Mathura school of art?
[A] Indo-Greeks
[B] Sakas
[C] Kushanas
[D] Gupta
Correct Answer: C [ Kushanas ]
Explanation: The period of Kushana King Kanishka, Huviska and Vasudeva is considered to be golden age
for Mathura school of art. The theme of Mathura school of art may vary from Buddhist to Brahmanical to
sometimes secular. The more stress is given to the inner beauty and facial emotions rather than bodily
gesture. The sculptures were made on White-spotted red stones.
687.Who was the first Saka king in India?

[A] Moga
[B] Rudradaman
[C] Azes
[D] Ghatotkacha
Correct Answer: A [ Moga ]
Explanation: An Indo-Scythian king, Moga (or Maues) was the first Saka king in India who established Saka
power in Gandhara and extended supremacy over north-western India.
688.The governors called Strategos were introduced by __?

[A] Sakas
[B] Indo-Greeks
[C] Kushanas
[D] Bactrians
Correct Answer: B [ Indo-Greeks ]
Explanation: The Indo-greeks introduced practice of military governorship. The governors were called
Strategos.
689.Which Greek King of Bactria invaded India about 190 B.C.?

[A] Demetrius
[B] Alexander
[C] Seleucus Nicator
[D] Menander
Correct Answer: A [ Demetrius ]
Explanation: Demetrius,the king of Bactria invaded India about 190 B.C. And conquered a considerable
part of the Mauryan Empire in the north-west.
690.The conversation between Nagasena and Menander-I related to Buddhism is recorded in which book?
[A] Milindapanho
[B] Panhomenanda
[C] Nagapanho
[D] Menandapanho
Correct Answer: A [ Milindapanho ]
Explanation: Before becoming a Buddhist, Menander (an Indo-Greek king) asked Nagasena many
questions relating to Buddhism.These questions and Nagasena’s answers are recorded in a form of book
known as ‘Milindapanho (or The Questions of Milinda).
691.Which Buddhist monk converted Milinda (Indo-Greek king) to Buddhism?

[A] Nagasena
[B] Gautam Budha
[C] Shakyamuni
[D] Mahadharmaraksita
Correct Answer: A [ Nagasena ]
Explanation: The Indo-Greek king, Milinda (or Menander I ) was converted to Buddhism by Nagasena (or
Nagarjuna), a Buddhist monk and philospher. Before becoming a Buddhist, Menander asked Nagasena
many questions relating to Buddhism.These questions and Nagasena’s answers are recorded in a form of
book known as ‘Milindapanho (or The Questions of Milinda).
692. Menander I, the famous Indo-Greek ruler set up his capital at which place?
[A] Sialkot
[B] Pathankot
[C] Rajkot
[D] Sialdah
Correct Answer: A [ Sialkot]
Explanation: The famous Indo-Greek, Menander I (165/155–130 BCE) set up his capital at Sakala or
Sialkot.
693.Which Greek ambassador set up a pillar in honour of Vishnu?

[A] Megasthenes
[B] Heliodoros
[C] Theodorus
[D] Plato
Correct Answer: B [ Heliodoros]
Explanation: The Greek ambassador Heliodoros set up a pillar in honour of Vishnu (Vasudev) at Vidisha.
He was sent to the court of Sunga King, Bhagbhadra by the Greek King of Taxila, Antialkidas.
694.Who were the first rulers in India to issue gold coins attributed to the Kings?
[A] Sungas
[B] Kanvas
[C] Indo Greeks
[D] Sakas
Correct Answer: C [ Indo Greeks ]
Explanation: The Indo-Greeks were the first rulers in India to issue coins which can definitely be attributed
to the kings. They were the first to issue gold coins in India.
695.The famous book ‘Brihat Katha’ was written by__?

[A] Gunadhya
[B] Sarva Varman
[C] Panini
[D] Radhagupt
Correct Answer: A [ Gunadhya ]
Explanation: The famous book ‘Brihat Katha’ was written by Gunadhya, who was the great scholar in the
court of Satvahana King Hala.
696.Which among the following Satkarni ruler recovered Malwa from the Shaka rulers?
[A] Gautamiputra Satkarni
[B] Satkarni I
[C] Hala
[D] Yajnsari Satkarni
Correct Answer: D [ Yajnsari Satkarni ]
Explanation: Yajnsari Satkarni (165-194 A.D.) recovered Malwa from the Shaka rulers.
697.Which of the following inscription are related to Satavahana period?

[A] Nanaghat
[B] Nasik
[C] Paithan
[D] a & b
Correct Answer: D [ a & b ]
Explanation: The Nasik and Nanaghat inscriptions are the major sources that gives detailed information
about the Satavahana empire. The Nasik inscription was made by Gautami Balasari and Nanaghat
inscription was issued by Naganika.
698.Which of the following ruler of Satavahana Empire composed Gathasaptashati?

[A] Simuka
[B] Gautamiputra Satkarni
[C] Pulumayi
[D] Hala
Correct Answer: D [ Hala ]
Explanation: Gathasaptashati is composed by Savahana king Hala. It is a collection of poems in
Maharashtri Prakrit. The theme of most of the poems is based on love.
699.The rulers of which dynasty make land grants to Brahmanas?

[A] Maurya
[B] Sunga
[C] Satvahana
[D] Kanvas
Correct Answer: C [ Satvahana ]
Explanation: The rulers of Satvahanas dynasty were the first to make land grant to Brahamanas.
700. As per Asoka’s inscriptions, which among the following place was declared tax free and proclaimed
only 1/8th part as taxable?
[A] Kushinagar
[B] Lumbini
[C] Kathmandu
[D] Sarnath
Correct Answer: B [ Lumbini]
Explanation: At the 20th anniversary of his enthronement, Asoka announced Lumbini as tax-free and
proclaimed only 1/8th part as taxable. Description of this fact is found in the inscriptions of Nigliva and
Rumindei.
A Brief Note on Medieval Indian History

After the death of Harsha the Rajputs came into prominence on the political horizons of North India. The
Rajputs were known for their bravery and chivalry but family feuds and strong notions of personal pride
often resulted into conflicts. The Rajputs weakened each other by constant wrangling. The disunity among
Rajputs allowed the foreigners (Turks) to enter India. The defeat of Prithvi Raj Chauhan (the greatest
Rajput warrior of the time) at the hands of Mohammad Ghori, in the battle of Tarain 1192, marked a new
chapter in the history of India.
After the death of Mohammad Ghori, Qutub-Uddin Aibak (Ghori's lieutenant in India) founded the Slave
Dynasty. With this the Delhi Sultanate came into being. Aibak was followed by his slave, Iltutmism, who
was succeeded by his daughter, Razia (1236 - 1239). Razia sat on the throne of Delhi for a short while. The
Slave dynasty was followed by the Khalji, Tughlaq, Sayyids and Lodi dynasty. Some of the notable among
the Sultanate rulers were Balban, Alauddin Khalji and Mohammad Bin Tughlaq.
Alauddin Khalji (1296 - 1316 AD) was not only a distinguished commander but also an able administrator.
He is remembered for his military campaigns in the south as well as market reforms and price control
measures. Muhammad Bin Tughlaq (1324 - 1351 AD) was a visionary who but unfortunately all his projects
failed. His most controversial project was the transfer of capital from Delhi to Daulatabad. With the death
of Ibrahim Lodi in the battle of Panipat, (at the hands of Babur, the founder of Mughal Empire) the Delhi
Sultanate came to an end. The Sultanate introduced, in the sub continent, the Islamic concepts of society
and governance, and thus prepared the ground for a dazzling interaction between two world civilizations.
Babar (1526-30 AD) founded the Mughal Empire in India. He was a descendant of Timur as well as Changez
Khan. He was ousted by his own cousins from his small principality in Central Asia and sought fortune in
India. Babar came to India and defeated Ibrahim, the last Lodi Sultan in 1526. Babar was succeeded by his
son Humayun but he was ousted from Delhi by Sher Shah, an Afghan chieftain.
Though Sher Shah (1540-55 AD) ruled only for a brief period of almost five years yet he showed great
administrative skills. He is remembered as the builder of the Grand Trunk road and also for reforms in the
revenue system. Though Humayun was successful in regaining Delhi but he was not destined to rule Delhi
for long and died the same year. With this began the reign of one of the most glorious rulers of India,
Akbar the great. Akbar (1556-1605 AD) consolidated political power and extended his empire over
practically the whole of north India and parts of the south. Akbar was a great ruler and very well realized
that if the empire was to attain stability, enough attention should be paid to all the subjects. Keeping this
thing in mind he sought cooperation from the Rajputs.
Jehangir (1605-27), the son of Akbar was a pleasure-loving man of refined taste. Contemporary historians
have recorded that during his reign the Persian nobility related to his wife Nur Jahan had become very
powerful at the royal court. Jehangir was followed by his son Shah Jahan (1628-58 AD). Shah Jahan was a
great lover of buildings of whom the Taj Mahal is the most famous. Other notable buildings built by Shah
Jahan are the Red Fort and the Jama Masjid at Delhi.
Aurangzeb (1658-1707 AD) was a brave general and an able administrator but these virtues were
overshadowed by his religious dogmatism and fanaticism. The Mughal Empire reached its zenith during
the reign of Aurangzeb. But at the same time, he wasted his energy and resources in his long drawn out
conflicts with the Marathas and other local rulers and principalities. After the death of Aurangzeb, the
mighty Mughal Empire started to totter. His successors were weak and incapable of holding the far-flung
empire together. The imperial authority was challenged from all corners and the provincial governors
began to assert their independence.
In western India, Shivaji (1637-80 AD) united the Marathas into an efficient military unit gave them a sense
of national identity. They adopted guerrilla tactics to batter the Mughals and put a severe drain on their
economic and psychological resources. The main contenders for political supremacy of India in the 17th
and 18th Centuries were the Marathas, the Sikhs in Punjab and Hyder Ali (1721 - 1782 AD) in Mysore.
MEDIEVAL HISTORY
• Time period between 8th -18th century AD.
• Medieval period divided into two parts:
• Early medieval period – period from 8th to beginning of 13th century
• Later Medieval period - period from 13th century upto the 18th century.
THE RAJPUTS
Origin
• Started around 8th century.
• Belonged to Surya vamsh or Chandra Vamsh.
• Descendants of Agni – Fire God.
• Historians believed that the Rajputs were Kshatriyas of Vedic period.
Rajput Kingdom
• After the death of Harsha Vardhana, Rajputs came into power.
• Established number of independent kingdoms.
• Gurjara Pratiharas, the Chauhans, the Chalukyas and the Chandelas are well known Rajput kingdoms.
Period
• Ruled Northern and Central India for many years.
• Many invaders attacked India during this period.
• Conducted war and conquered the kingdoms.
• Well known for honouring premises.
Painting and Literature
• Patrons of beautiful buildings.
• Also known as Rajasthani painting, a style of Indian paintings.
• Ramayana and Mahabharata are great ancient epics.
• Palaces and temples were decorated with paintings.
• In Sanskrit, they created literary works.
Important Battles
• Battle of Tarain: Prithviraj (Chauhan dynasty) defeated Muhammed Ghori near Thaneswar.
• Battle of Chandawar: Muhammed Ghori defeated Jai Chandra in 1194 AD.
• Battle of Khanwal: Took place between Rana of Mewar, Rana Sanga and Bebur of Farghana in 1527
AD.
• Battle of Chanderi: Fought between Medini Rai of Chanderi and Babur in 1528 AD. Babur won.
• Battle of Delhi: Main event in India’s history. Chandra Vikramaditya was defeated by Mughals.
Fall of Rajputs
• Captured by Arabs, Turks and Mughals.
• Around the 13th century, the Rajput’s rule came to an end.
The Delhi Sultanate
• Five dynasties founded after the Turkish Invasion are known as Delhi sultanate.
• They are as follows:
Slave Dynasty (1206-1290)
• Also called as Ilbari dynasty, Yamini dynasty and Mamluk dynasty.
• Qutub-ud-din Aibak founded the slave dynasty in 1206 AD, who was a slave of Mohammed Ghori.
• He was the first Muslim ruler in India.
• Lahore was the capital of Qutub-ud-din Aibak.
• He was also known as ‘Lakh Baksh’ or ‘giver of lakhs’.
• He started the construction of the Qutub Minar in 1199 in Delhi, in memory of Quaja Qutub - ud-din
Bhaktiar Kaki, a saint.
• Qutub Minar is a five storied building and it was completed by Ithumish.
• In the year 1210, while playing polo, he fell from the horseback and died.
Khilji Dynasty (1290-1320)
• Founded by Malik Firoz in 1290 and took up the title Jalaluddin Khilji (1290-96)
• Alauddin Khilji – nephew of Jalaluddin Khilji.
• He killed him and captured the throne in 1296.
• First Turkish Sultan of Delhi.
• He indicated ‘Kingship knows no Kinship’.
• He abolished the Zamindari system.
• The Khilji dynasty came to an end when Mubarak Shah Khilji was killed by Khusrau Khan.
TUGHLAQ DYNASTY (1320 - 1412)
Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq (1320-1325 AD)
• Founded by Ghiazuddin Tughlaq. Real name was Ghazi Malik.
• After killing Khuzru Khan in 1320, he founded the dynasty.
• Built new city near Delhi named Tughlakabad.
• When he died, his son Jauna (Ulugh Khan) succeeded him under the title Mohammed-bin-Tughlaq.
Mohammed-bin-Tughlaq (1325 – 1351 AD)
• Captured the throne in 1325 AD.
• Introduced administrative reforms:
• Taxation in Doab, transfer of Capital to Daulatabad, introduced token currency etc.
• In 1327, he shifted his capital from Delhi to Devagiri.
• Succeeded by Firoz Shah Tughlaq his elderly cousin.
Firoz Shah Tughlaq (1351-1388 AD)
• First sultan of Delhi to abuse Jaziya.
• Author of Fatuhat-i-Firozshahi.
• Constructed canals for irrigation.
• Made Iqtadari system hereditary.

• After his rule, Mohammed Shah Tughlaq came to the throne.
• During his rule, Timur appointed Khizr Khan.
Sayyid Dynasty (1414-1451 AD)
• Founded by Khizr Khan in 1414.
• Alauddin Alamshah or Shah Alam was the last sultan.
• In 1451, he was killed by Bahalol Lodhi.
Lodhi Dynasty (1451-1526 AD)
• Founded by Bahlol Lodhi in 1451 and lasted up to 1526.
• Sikhandar Lodhi ruled from 1489 to 1517 and shifted the capital from Delhi to Agra.
• Considered as ‘Maker of Agra city’.
• Ibrahim Lodhi was the last Lodhi or Delhi Sultan.
• On 21st April 1526, In the First Battle of Panipat, Babar defeated Ibrahim Lodhi.
• Mohammed Ghazni, was the first to assume the title sultan.
• Persian - official language of Delhi Sultanate.
VIJAYANAGAR KINGDOM
• Founded in 1336
• Kingdom lasted for 230 years and was made up of four dynasties.
➢ Sangama – (1336 – 1485)
➢ Saluva – (1485 – 1505)
➢ Tuluva – (1505-1565)
➢ Aravidu – (1565 – 1672)
Sangama History (1336-1485)
• Founders – Harihara and Bukka Rai
• Next ruler was Deva Raya I, constructed dams on the Tungbhadra River with the help of saint Vidyaranya.
• Devaraya II (1423-1426) – Greatest Sangama ruler.
• He wrote ‘Mahanataka Sudhanidhi’.
• Abdur Razzaq, Persian Ambassador visited his court.
• Replaced by Saluva dynasty lasted for two decades.
• A new dynasty called Tuluva founded by Vira Narasimha.
Tuluva History
• Krishnadeva Raya (1509-1529) – greatest ruler.
• Nicolocont, the Italian traveler visited his court.
• Krishnadeva Raya known as ‘Andhra Bhoja’
• Built a new city named ‘Nagalapuram’, decorated with Hazura and Vithalswamy temple.
• Sadasiva – last ruler of dynasty.
• In 1565, Battle of Talikota Sadashiv was defeated.
• A new dynasty called Aravidu dynasty found by Rama Raya’s brother, Thirumala.
THE MUGHAL EMPIRE
• They were originally Turks.
• Belonged to Chaghtai branch

• Also known as Second Classic Age.
• Mughal Empire also called as Timurid Empire because of relation to Amir Timur.
• Twenty in number. Ruled from 1526-1857.
Mughal Emperors
• Babur – (1526-1530)
• Humayun – (1530-40 & 1555-1556)
• Akbar – (1556-1605)
• Jahangir – (1605-1627)
• ShahJahan – (1628-1658)
• Aurangzeb Alamgir
• Later Mughal or fall of Mughal
Babur (1526-1530)
• Founder of Mughal Empire.
• Fifteenth descendant of Timur on Father’s side and 14th descendant of Chengizkhan on mother’s side.
• At age 11, he became the ruler of Samarkhand.
• Captured Kabul in 1504.
• Attacked India 5 times for wealth.
• The First attack of India in 1519 Bhera, first place captured by Babur.
• On 16th March, 1527, defeated Rana Sangha of Mewar, in the Battle of Khanwa.
• In 1528, Battle of Chanderi, defeated another ruler Medini Raj.
• In 1529, Battle of Ghaghra, he defeated Afghans under Muhammed Lodhi.
• Died in 1530. His biography was written in Turkish language as ‘Tuzuk-i-Baburi or Baburnamah’.
Humayun (1530-40 & 1555-56)
• Born in 1507 in Kabul, son of Babur and Mahim Begum.
• On 29th December 1530, became the Mughal emperor at the age of 23.
• Divided the Empire among his three brothers – Askari, Hindal and Kamran.
• In 1539, Battle of Chausa, he was defeated for the first time by Shershah Suri.
• In 1540, Shershah defeated Humayun in the battle of Kanauj and founded Sur dynasty.
• The period from 1540 to 1555 – known as the period of temporary eclipse.
• His biography was written by his sister, Gulbadan Begum as ‘Humayun Namah’.
• Built Dinpanah in Delhi on 1533.
Akbar the Great (1556-1605)
• Jalaluddin Muhammed Akbar, son of Humayun and Hamida Banu Begum.
• Born in Amarkot in 1542.
• At Kalanur, age of 14 he came to the throne on 14 th February, 1556.
• In the second battle of Panipat he killed Hemu on 2nd November 1556.
• After dismissing Bairamkhan, he became an independent ruler in 1560.
• Later he married Salima Begum.
• In 1561, defeated Baz Bahadur, Sultan of Malwa.

• In 1562, he married Joda Bhai, daughter of Raja Bharmal.
• In 1572, captured Gujarat and built new capital city Fathepur Sikri (city of victory) near Agra.
• In 1575, constructed prayer house Ibadatkhana, in Fathepur Sikri.
• In 1585, Ralph Fitch visited his court.
• In 1576 he defeated Maharana Pratap in the Battle of Haldighat.
• Died in 1605.
• Maintained scholastic assembly in his court. They are as follows:
• Abul Fazul: Historian who wrote Akbar’s biographical works Ain-i-Akbari and Akbar Namah
• Abul Faizi: Abul’s brother and Persian poet. Translated Mahabharata as ‘Razam Namah’ in Persian.
• Mian Tansen: Court musician, Ramtanu was his original name. Composed Raga, Rajdarbari in honour of Akbar.
• Birbal: Akbar’s court jesterwhose real name was Mahesh Das.
• Raja Todar Mal: Akbar’s finance minister. Translated Bhagavata Purna into Persian.
• Man Singh: Military commander of Akbar’s court.
• Badauni: Historian who translated Ramayana into Persian.
• Tulsidas: Hindi poet who wrote Ramacharitamanas.
Jahangir (1605 – 1627)
• Salim was his earlier name, Akbar called him Sheik Baba.
• In 1605, he came to the throne.
• He was the son of Akbar and Jodabai.
• In 1611, he married an Afghan widow named Mehr-un-nisa. Later he gave her the titles, Noor Mahal,
Noor Jahan and Padshah Begum.
• In 1609, he received William Hawkins who came to India to obtain a trade concession.
• In 1615, Sir Thomas Roe, the first ambassador of James - I reached Jahangir’s court.
• His period is called the ‘Golden age of Mughal painting’.
• Built Shalimar and Nishant gardens in Srinagar.
• Anarkali was Jahangir’s lover.
• Jahangir wrote his autobiography as ‘Tuzukh-i-Jahangiri’ in Persian language.
• Died in 1627.
Shah Jahan (1628 – 1658)
• Born on 5th January, 1592 in Lahore.
• Jagat Gosain, his mother and his childhood name was Khurram.
• Married Arjumand Banu Begum also known as Mumtaz Mahal.
• His period is considered the ‘Golden Age of Mughal Architecture’ and he is also known as ‘Prince of Builders’.
• In 1631, he started the construction of Taj Mahal in memory of his wife and completed it in 1653.
• Situated on the banks of Yamuna River in Uttar Pradesh.
• In 1658, he was imprisoned by his son Aurangzeb.
• Died in 1666.
Aurangzeb (1658 – 1707)

• He imprisoned his father and made himself Padshah in 1658.
• Also known as ‘Zinda Pir’. Banned music and dance.
• He was the last Mughal Emperor.
• In 1675, 9th Sikh Guru ‘Guru Tej Behadur’ was executed.
• He died on 20th February, 1707.
THE MARATHA AGE
• Chatrapathi Sivaji – Greatest leader of Marathas.
• Belonged to the Bhonsle clan of Marathas.
• Born on 19th February, 1627 at Shivener. Son of Shaji Bhonsle and Jiga Bai.
• Dadaji Kondadev was his tutor.
• In 1646, he captured his first place named Torna.
• In 1666, he visited Aurangazeb’s court at Agra.
• He crowned himself on 16th June, 1674 and became Chatrapathi and assumed title
‘Haidavadhasmodharak’.
• At the age of 53, he died in 1680.
• Shahu became Chatrapathi in 1708.
• There were seven Peshwas namely,
➢ Balaji Vishwanath (1713-20)
➢ Balaji Baji Rao I (1720 – 1740)
➢ Balaji Baji Rao (1740 – 1761)
➢ Madho Rao (1761 – 1772)
➢ Narayan Rao (1772 – 73)
➢ Madho Rao Narayan (1773 – 95)
➢ Baji Rao II (1795 – 1818)
• Of these, Baji Rao-I was ablest and Baji Rao II was weakest.
• Peshwa – Maratha Chief Minister.
• First Maratha War – 1775 – 82
• Second Maratha War – 1803 – 05
• Third Maratha War – 1816 – 19
• Maratha script is known as Modi script.

1. During whose reign Changez Khan invaded India?

[A] Balban
[B] Iltutmish
[C] Razia
[D] Alauddin Khilji
Correct Answer: B [Iltutmish]
2. Which among the following is a incorrect statement regarding market regulations by Ala-ud-din Khilji?
[A] The price controls were regulated on almost the entire market
[B] They vanished immediately after the death of the sultan
[C] The price controls were regulated on almost the entire market
[D] All are correct
3. Which among the following was called as the Central Pillar of the administrative system of Delhi
sultanate?
[A] Izra system
[B] Iqta System
[C] devsirme system
[D] Chahalgami
Correct Answer: B [Iqta System]
4. Which among the following is incorrect regarding Buland darwaja?

[A] It was built by Akbar in 1602
[B] It was built in Fatehpur Sikri
[C] It was built to commemorate Akbar’s victory on Gujarat only
[D] All are correct
5. Out of the battles fought between contemporary rulers and Babur, which among the following resulted
in the firm establishment of Babur’s rule in North India?
[A] Battle of Panipat
[B] Battle of Khanva
[C] Battle of Ghagra
[D] Second Battle of Panipat
Correct Answer: B [Battle of Khanva]
6. After the attack of Mahmud of Ghazanavi, who among the following reconstructed the Somnath
Temple?
[A] Bhimraja -I
[B] Bhimdev
[C] Mularaj I
[D] Jay Singh Siddharaaj
Correct Answer: B [Bhimdev]
7. Which among the following represents incorrect founder of a dynasty?

[A] Parmar Dynasty – Upendra Raja
[B] Chandela Dynasty – Nannuka
[C] Kalachuri Dynasty – Gangeyadev
[D] Solanki Dynasty – Mularaja I
Correct Answer: C [Kalachuri Dynasty – Gangeyadev]
Explanation: Kalachuri Dynasty was founded by Kokalla and Gangeyadev was the most powerful king of
this dynasty
8. Which among the following statement is INCORRECT?

[A] Vijay sen was the most famous and powerful king of Sen Dynasty
[B] Samanta Sen was the founder of Sen Dynasty
[C] Samanta Sen was the son of Hemanta Sen
[D] Adbhutta Sagara was a work of Ballal Sen
Correct Answer: C [Samanta Sen was the son of Hemanta Sen]
Explanation: Samanta Sen was the Father of Hemanta Sen
9. Which among the following is not correct ?

[A] The capital of pandyas was Madurai
[B] The capital of Cheras was Vanchi
[C] Capital of the Videha Kingdom – Mithila
[D] All are correct
10. The word coromandal cost has been derived from the kingdom of which of the following?
[A] Cheras
[B] Cholas
[C] Chalukyas
[D] Pandyas
Correct Answer: B [Cholas]
11. The eighth-century tripartite power struggle was among which of the following?
[A] Cholas, Rastrakutas and Yadavas,
[B] Chalukyas, Pallavas and Pandyas
[C] Cholas, Pandyas and Chalukyas
[D] Cholas, Pandyas and Chalukyas
Correct Answer: B [Chalukyas, Pallavas and Pandyas]
12. Tower of Victory ” or Vijay stambh in Rajasthan is located in

[A] Ajmer
[B] Chittorgarh
[C] Jaipur
[D] Udaipur
Correct Answer: B [Chittorgarh]
13. Who among the following changed the name of Tanna Mishra to Tansen?
[A] Akbar
[B] Raja Vikramjit of Gwalior
[C] Raja Mansingh Tomar
[D] Swami Haridas
Correct Answer: B [Raja Vikramjit of Gwalior]
14. Which among the following is the modern location of ” Battle of Gogunda” ?
[A] Gujarat
[B] Madhya Pradesh
[C] Rajasthan
[D] Harayana
Correct Answer: C [Rajasthan]
Explanation: It was battle of Haldighati fought between the Mughal Empire and the forces of Mewar on
June 21, 1576 at Haldighati near Gogunda town of Rajasthan
15. Karkota Dynasty was confined to which of the following areas?

[A] Kannuj
[B] Kashmir
[C] Deccan
[D] Gujarat
Correct Answer: B [Kashmir]
16. Sakambhari near Ajmer is a place related to emergence of which of the following dynasties?
[A] Gahadwals
[B] Parmaras
[C] Pratiharas
[D] Chauhanas
Correct Answer: D [Chauhanas]
17. Who among the following assumed the title of Islam Shah Suri, ?
[A] Shershah Suri
[B] Jalal Khan
[C] Firuz Shah Suri
[D] Ibrahim Khan Suri
Correct Answer: B [Jalal Khan]
Explanation: Jalal Khan assumed this title. He was son of Shershah and was his successor
18. Who invaded India in 1398 AD during the reign of Nasiruddin Mahmud of Tughlaq Dynasty?
[A] Chegiz khan
[B] Khijr Khan
[C] Timur
[D] Babur
Correct Answer: C [Timur]
19. In the reign of Firuz Shah Tughalq which of the following tax was 1/6 of the booty captured during
war?
[A] Kharaz
[B] Khams
[C] Jaqat
[D] Zaziya
Correct Answer: B [Khams]
20. That part of land granted by the sultan to military chiefs for maintenance of a given number of
troopers called ?
[A] Muahatsib
[B] Iqta
[C] Nazir
[D] Usharaf
Correct Answer: B [Iqta]
21. Which among the following is not a work of Amir Khusrau?

[A] Khazyan-ul-Futuh
[B] Tughluq Nama
[C] Tarik-i-Alai
[D] Tabqat-i-Naisiri
Correct Answer: D [Tabqat-i-Naisiri]
22. Rihla” was a work of which of the following?

[A] Mir Hasan Dehlvi
[B] Ibn Battuta
[C] Malik Murtaza
[D] Muhammad al-Idrisi
Correct Answer: B [Ibn Battuta]
23. Who among the following was considered as the “mixture of opposites”.?
[A] Firuz Tughlaq
[B] Mohammed bin Tughlaq
[C] Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
[D] Kaiqubad
Correct Answer: B [Mohammed bin Tughlaq]
24. Who among the following was known as Lakha Baksh?

[A] Mohammed Ghori
[B] Qutubuddin Aibak
[C] Iltutmish
[D] Balban
Correct Answer: B [Qutubuddin Aibak]
25. What was the term used in the medieval India for the land directly ruled by the Central
Government?
[A] Muqtis
[B] Khalisa
[C] Inam
[D] Inam
Correct Answer: B [Khalisa]
26. Which among the following was NOT a landmark of Alauddin Khilji’s Reign?
[A] Introduction of Rationing system
[B] Introduction of New Market regulation to provide essential commodities at reasonable rates
[C] Introduction of Fixed price market by appointment of Diwan–I-Riyasat & Shahan-i-mandi
[D] Creation of Agricultural department called Diwan-i-kohi
Correct Answer: D [Creation of Agricultural department called Diwan-i-kohi]
Explanation: Creation of Agricultural department called Diwan-i-kohi- landmark of Mohammed Bin
Tughlaq reign
27. Which among the following was not a Landmark of the Iltutmish’s rule?
[A] Introduction of silver tanka & Copper Jetal
[B] introduction of iqtadari System
[C] Organization of Chalisa
[D] Putting forward the’ Divine Right Theory”
Correct Answer: D [Putting forward the’ Divine Right Theory”]
Explanation: Divine Right Theory was put forward by Balban
28. The Chandella’s Kingdom was annexed by which of the following rulers?
[A] Mohammed Ghori
[C] Iltutmish
[D] Alauddin Khilji
Correct Answer: D [Alauddin Khilji]
29. Who among the following founded the principality of Ghazani in AD 962?
[A] Mahmood Ghazani
[B] Subuktgeen
[C] Alptigin
[D] Shah Mahmoud
Correct Answer: C [Alptigin]
30. Who among the following was defeated by Mohammed Ghori in battle of Chandawar?
[A] Prthviraj Chauhan
[B] Mularaja
[C] Jaichandra
[D] Jaypala
Correct Answer: C [Jaichandra]
31. Chandradeva, was the founder of which of the following dynasty?

[A] Chauhans
[B] Gahadwalas
[C] Chalukyas
[D] Chandellas
Correct Answer: B [Gahadwalas]
32. Which among the following rulers belonged to Mamulak Dynasty?

[A] Alauddin Khilji
[B] Ibrahim Lodhi
[C] Balban
[D] Mohammed Ghori
Correct Answer: C [Balban]
33. Who among the following wrote Astangasangraha.?

[A] Banabhatta
[B] Vagabhatta
[C] Aryabhatta
[D] Kalhana
Correct Answer: B [Vagabhatta]
34. ”Loom ” was a central technological innovation in which of the following era?
[A] Sultanate Era
[B] Rajput Era
[C] Mughal Era
Correct Answer: A [Sultanate Era]
35. Which of the following Mughal emperor is famous for his golden chain of justice?
[A] Akbar
[B] Shahjahan
[C] Jahanagir
[D] Babur
Correct Answer: C [Jahanagir]
36. Which of the following Sultanate Rulers made Delhi as capital in place of Lahore?
[A] Qutubuddin Aibak
[B] Iltutmish
[C] Razia Sultana
[D] Akbar
37. Which of the following Sultanate Rulers made Delhi as capital in place of Lahore?
[A] Qutubuddin Aibak
[B] Iltutmish
[C] Razia Sultana
[D] Akbar
38. Who among the following built the mosque Quwal-ul-lslam at Delhi?
[A] Alauddin Khilji
[B] Iltutmish
[C] Qutubuddin Aiabak
[D] Babur
Correct Answer: C [Qutubuddin Aiabak]
39. Which among the following rulers is related to ” market regulatory measures ” in medieval India?
[A] Alauddin Khilji
[B] Balban
[C] Babur
[D] Humayun
Correct Answer: A [Alauddin Khilji]
40. Who among the following conspired against Ibrahim Lodi and invited Babur to invade Delhi?
[A] Bahlol Lodi
[B] Daulat Khan Lodi
[C] Sikandar Lodi
Correct Answer: B [Daulat Khan Lodi]
41. How many years Humayun spent in exile after he lost his kingdom in Hindustan?
[A] 10 years
[B] 12 years
[C] 15 years
[D] 20 years
Correct Answer: C [15 years]
42. Who among the following was the last ruler of Slave Dynasty?
[A] Aram Shah
[B] Kaiqubad
[C] Khusrau
Correct Answer: B [Kaiqubad]
43. Who among the following Mughal rulers took measures against the practice of “Sati”?
[A] Jahanagir
[B] Akbar
[C] Shahjahan
[D] Humayun
Correct Answer: B [Akbar]
44. who among the following succeded Ruknuddin Feroz ?

[A] Balban
[B] Razia
[C] Muizzudin Bahram Shah
[D] Iltumish
Correct Answer: B [Razia]
Explanation: He was brother of Razia and Son of Iltutumish who was assassinated within 6 months of
getting the throne
45. The glorious works in which among the following can be best credited for calling the Shahjahan’s
reign as ” Glorious Epoch ” in the history of Mughal Empire ?
[A] Trade & Commerce

[B] Architecture
[C] Music
[D] Dance
Correct Answer: B [Architecture]
46. For which of the following Shershah Suri is not known?

[A] Organization of the system of Civil Administration
[B] Issuing first Rupiya which was in use till 20th century
[C] Introducing the system of irrigation by canals
[D] All are intiatives of shershah suri
Correct Answer: C [Introducing the system of irrigation by canals]
47. The city of Azimabad , which was abandoned since 7th century AD was revived by Shershah Suri and
thus he founded the modern ________?
[A] Shergarh (Pakistan )
[B] Patna
[C] Sasaram
[D] Lothal
Correct Answer: B [Patna]
48. Which among the following sentence is INCORRECT?

[A] Sikandar Lodhi founded Agra
[B] Harihar I founded the Vijaynagar Dynasty of South
[C] Balban completed the construction of Qutub Minar
[D] All are correct
Correct Answer: C [Balban completed the construction of Qutub Minar]
Explanation: Iltutmish completed the construction of Qutub Minar
49. Which among the following is NOT correctly matched?

[A] Ali Gurshap – Alauddin Khilji
[B] Nur-ud-din – Jahangir
[C] padshah gazi – Aurangazeb
[D] All are correct
Correct Answer: C [padshah gazi – Aurangazeb]
Explanation: padhash gazi was a title assumed by Jahangir, Ali Gurshap was the real name of Alauddin
Khilji
50. Pakistan Resolution or Lahore Resolution was a formal political statement adopted by the Muslim
League in which year ?
[A] 1940
[B] 1942
[C] 1945
[D] 1947
Correct Answer: A [1940]
51. Which among the following was a gold coin issued in vijayanagar empire of south India ?
[A] Tara
[B] Varaha
[C] Kakini
Correct Answer: B [Varaha]
Explanation: Tara was a silver coin and Kakini was copper coin
52. Who among the following was the father of Harshavardhana?

[A] Prabhakarvardhana
[B] Rajyvardhana
[C] Grahavarman
[D] Ashoka
Correct Answer: A [Prabhakarvardhana]
53. Kalachuri Empire is related to which of the following modern area?
[A] Karnataka
[B] Madhya Pradesh
[C] Andhra Pradesh
[D] Tamil Nadu
Correct Answer: B [Madhya Pradesh]
54. Dantidurga also known as Dantivarman was the founder of which of the following dynasty ?
[A] Rasthrakutas
[B] Pallavas
[C] Cholas
[D] Cheras
Correct Answer: A [Rasthrakutas]
Explanation: In the mid of the 8th century, Dantidurga , who was one of the chieftain of ancient
Rastrakuta family fought his way to the front and overthrew Kirtivarman II, thus bringing an end to the
main branch of Chalukyas. This was the beginning of the Rastrakuta Empire in Deccan.
55. When Nader Shah invaded India, who among the following was emperor at Delhi ?
[A] Muhammad Shah
[B] Alamgir I
[C] Alamgir II
[D] Farrukhsiyar
Correct Answer: A [Muhammad Shah]
56. The buildings in Fatehpur sikri are built by using mostly which of the following ?
[A] Fired bricks
[B] red stone
[C] Marble
[D] sand stone
Correct Answer: B [red stone]
57. Hindi poet Jagannath Pandit Raj was the most favorite poet of which of the following Emperors?
[A] Jahangir
[B] Shahjahan
[C] Akbar
[D] Humayun
Correct Answer: B [Shahjahan]
58. Vasucharita is a work of which of the following ?

[A] Ram raja
[B] Krishndev rai
[C] Vitthalantha
[D] Kalidasa
Correct Answer: A [Ram raja]
Explanation: Ramraja or Ramarajabhushanudu who was a Telugu poet and a notable musician was one
of the Astadiggajas (a collective title for Telugu poets in the court of Krishnadevaraya of Vijayanagara
Empire).
59. The following Chalukya king performed an ashwamedha yajna?

[A] Pulkesin I
[B] Pulkesin II
[C] Pulkesin III
[D] Vikramaditya I
Correct Answer: A [Pulkesin I]
60. Mir Bakshi was the officer in Akbar’s reign with which of the following responsibilities?
[A] Revenue Collection
[B] Payment of salaries
[C] Head of the military administration
[D] Head of Nobility
Correct Answer: C [Head of the military administration]
61. Mokhadaji Gohil, a Gohil Rajput ruler of Ghogha, near Bhavnagar was a contemporary of which of
the following Sultans?
[A] Ghiyas ud din Tughluq Shah I
[B] Muhammad bin Tughluq
[C] Qutubudin Aibak
[D] Illtumish
Correct Answer: B [Muhammad bin Tughluq]
62. Who among the following is called Zinda Peer?

[A] Babur
[B] Akbar
[C] Aurangzeb
[D] Humayun
Correct Answer: C [Aurangzeb]
63. Who among the following scholars of Akbar’s Court translated Atharva veda into Persian?
[A] Haji Ibrahim Sarhindi
[B] Abdul Qadir Badayuni
[C] Naqib khan
Correct Answer: A [Haji Ibrahim Sarhindi]
64. Who among the following written Manmaul Bahrain?

[A] Aurangzeb
[B] Akbar
[C] Darashikoh
[D] Abu Fazal
Correct Answer: C [Darashikoh]
65. In which year , after defeating Jaypala, Mahmud of Ghazni proceeded to Gujarat where he destroyed
the temple of Somnath?
[A] 900 A.D
[B] 935 A.D
[C] 1025 A.D
[D] 810 A.D
Correct Answer: C [1025 A.D]
66. Ramanuja taught in which of the following temples?
[A] Madurai
[B] Mamallapuram
[C] Srirangam
[D] Tirumala
Correct Answer: C [Srirangam]
67. Who among the following led a campaign against Warangal in 1309?
[A] Ala-ud-din Khilji
[B] Malik Kafur
[C] Bakhtiar Khilji,
[D] Mohmmad bin Tuglaq
Correct Answer: B [Malik Kafur]
68. Deogiri was first of all subjugated by which Muslim invader?

[A] Ala-ud-din Khilji
[B] Jalal-ud-din Firoz
[C] Malik Kafur
[D] Qutubudin Aibak
Correct Answer: A [Ala-ud-din Khilji]
Explanation: The first attack on the south of the Narbada was made in 1294 by Ala-ud-din, who marched
700 miles into Berar and Khandesh, and compelled Raja Ramachandra Deva, the Yadava
69. In which year Akbar built the Buland Darwaja ?

[A] 1590
[B] 1600
[C] 1601
[D] 1605
Explanation: Buland Darwaja is located in Fatehpur Sikri built by Akbar in 1602 A.D to commemorate his
conquest of Gujarat
70. During which of the following events Indians got the earliest contact with Islam?
[A] Arab invasion of Sindh in 7th Century
[B] Turkish Invasion in 11th century
[C] Arab merchants at the Malabar Coast
Correct Answer: C [Arab merchants at the Malabar Coast]
Explanation: Arab traders brought Islam to Malabar during the time of the Prophet Muhammad, this is
the earliest evidence of Islam propagation in India
71. Who among the following translated Baburnama from chagtai to Persian
[A] Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana
[B] Abul Fazal
[C] Khawaja Reazuddin Atash
[D] Humayun
Correct Answer: A [Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana]
Explanation: Babur has written his biography i.e. Baburnama which is also known as Tuzk-e Babri. Babur
and Jahangir are the only two emperors of Mughal Empire who wrote their own biographies.
Baburnama is also known to be the first true autobiography in the Islamic literature. Baburnama was
written in Chagatai Turkic, which was Babur’s mother tongue. It was translated into Persian by Abdul
Rahim Khan-I-Khana. He was son of Bairam khan
72. “He can be attributed for the firm establishment of Mughal rule in India in the later part of 16th
century”. Who was he?
[A] Ali Quli Khan
[B] Bairam Khan
[C] Bairam Khan
[D] Mir Jafar
Correct Answer: C [Bairam Khan]
Explanation: Bairam Khan, His most notable battle was at the Second Battle of Panipat. He was
appointed as a guardian for Akbar.
73. In which of the following forts Jahanagir Mahal is located ?

[A] Lahore Fort
[B] Agra Fort
[C] Red Fort
[D] Golconda Fort
Correct Answer: B [Agra Fort]
Explanation: Jahangir Mahal is located In Agra fort , built by Akbar in Hindu Design and was used by the
Rajput wives of Akba
74. Dwarasamudra was the capital of which of the following dynasties?

[A] Hoysala
[B] Satavahana
[C] Pandyas
[D] Cholas
Correct Answer: A [Hoysala]
75. 1526 AD is significant in India’s History because of __

[A] Foundation of Mughal empire in North India
[B] Arrival of Ibn batuta
[C] Arrival of Vasco Di Gama
[D] Establishment of East India Company
Correct Answer: A [Foundation of Mughal empire in North India]
76. Manyakheta (modern Malkhed) on the banks of Kagina River in Gulbarga district, Karnataka state
was the capital of ______?
[A] Satvahanas
[B] Rastrakutas
[C] Hoysalas
[D] Kakatiyas
Correct Answer: B [Rastrakutas]
77. Who among the following died in consequence of falling from his horse playing chaugan?
[A] Humayun
[B] Qutub Ud Din Aibak
[C] Mohd Ghori
[D] Alludin Khilji
Correct Answer: B [Qutub Ud Din Aibak]
78. Razia Sultan acceded to the throne of Delhi in __________ ?

[A] 1220 A.D
[B] 1226 A.D
[C] 1236 A.D
[D] 1235 A.D
79. Maritime power was a distinct character of which of the following dynasties?
[A] Chalukyas
[B] Cholas
[C] Pandyas
[D] Rasthrakutas
Correct Answer: D [Rasthrakutas]
80. Which among the following religion is related to Dilwada temples at Mount Abu ?
[A] Vaishnav sect of Hindus
[B] Shaiv Sect of Hindus
[C] Jainism
[D] Buddhism
Correct Answer: C [Jainism]
81. Vaikuntaperumal Temple at kanchipuram was built by __________?

[A] Narsimhavarman II
[B] Nandivarman II
[C] Parmesvaravarman II
[D] Parmesvaravarman I
Correct Answer: B [Nandivarman II]
Explanation: Vaikunta Perumal Temple was built by Pallava King Nandivarman-II in the 8th century, he
was a worshipper of Lord Vishnu.
82. Who built the tomb of itmad ud daula?

[A] Jahanagir
[B] Nur Jahan
[C] Shershah
[D] Akbar
Correct Answer: B [Nur Jahan]
83. Amoghavarsha I was a famous king of _________?

[A] Rashtrakuta Dynasty
[B] Pratihara Dynasty
[C] Chalukya Dynasty
[D] Solanki Dynasty
Correct Answer: A [Rashtrakuta Dynasty]
Explanation: The reign of Amoghavarsha is from 800 to 878 AD (though some scholars says that his reign
was 62 years), one of the longest reigns. He was the greatest ruler of the Rastrakuta Empire. He indulged
in constant wars with the Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi and remained successful. Amoghavarsha was a
patron of the Jains and liberally patronized the Digambara sect of Jains. His contribution led to rapid
progress made by the Digambara Jain sect in the 9th and 10 th century under Jinasena and Gunabhadra.
(As evident from Mahapurana). Both of these Digambar Jain monks enjoyed favor of more than one
monarchs and much responsible to eclipse Buddhism.
84. Krishna I , who was a king of Rashtrakuta dynasty is related to which of the following ?
[A] Shiva Temples of Ellora
[B] Ajanata Caves
[C] Khajuraho Temples
[D] Ellora caves
Correct Answer: A [Shiva Temples of Ellora]
Explanation: Krishna I am known for completing the establishment of Rastrakuta supremacy over the
dominions of Chalukyas. Last Badami Chalukya Kirtivarman II though defeated by Dantidurga, but
remained in power till 757 AD when he was destroyed by Krishna I. This is mentioned in the copper plate
grant of Govinda III. Krishna I is best known for execution of the most marvelous architectural work in
India i.e. Kailas Temple at Ellora. Kailas Temple is the most extensive and most opulent example of rock
cut architecture in India.
85. Who has written the compilation of poems ,Prithviraj Raso ?

[A] Prithvi Raj III
[B] Chand Bardai
[C] Purandara Dasa
[D] Kabir
Correct Answer: B [Chand Bardai]
86. Which among the following place is the birth place of Humayun?
[A] Agra
[B] Kabul
[C] Badakhashan
[D] Sasaram
Correct Answer: B [Kabul]
87. Out of Capital of Akbar’s Kingdom, Buland Darwaja , Panch Mahal and Akbar’s Mausoleum , which
are located at the same place?
[A] Panch Mahal and Akbar’s Mausoleum
[B] Buland Darwaja , Panch Mahal and Akbar’s Mausoleum
[C] Capital of Akbar’s Kingdom, Buland Darwaja , Panch Mahal
[D] Capital of Akbar’s Kingdom and Akbar’s Mausoleum
Correct Answer: C [Capital of Akbar’s Kingdom, Buland Darwaja , Panch Mahal]
Explanation: Capital of Akbar Kingdom, Buland Darwaja , Panch Mahal (all fatehpur sikri ) mausoleum at
Sikandara
88. Which among the following was a unit of Mughal Empire for the purpose of Administration and
Revenue Collection?
[A] Paraganas
[B] Subahs
[C] Parautis
[D] Grama
Correct Answer: B [Subahs]
89. Fort of Allahabad was built by ________?

[A] Akbar
[B] Shershah Suri
[C] Humayun
[D] Babur
Correct Answer: A [Akbar]
90. The ryotwari system which was instituted in some parts of British India, was one of the two main
systems used to collect revenues from the cultivators of agricultural land. It was originally introduced
by________?
[A] Akbar
[B] Shershah Suri
[C] Jahanagir
[D] Humayun
Correct Answer: B [Shershah Suri]
91. Shershah Suri introduced the coins made of _____?

[A] Silver & Copper Only
[B] Gold & Silver Only
[C] Gold, Silver & Copper
[D] Gold & Copper
Correct Answer: C [Gold, Silver & Copper]
92. Raja Todar Mal introduced standard weights and measures, a land survey and settlement system,
revenue districts and officers during Akbar’s reign. In whose reign as a finance minister Raja Todarmal
developed his expertise?
[A] Humayun
[B] Akbar
[C] Shershah Suri
[D] Babur
Correct Answer: C [Shershah Suri]
93. Who was the first Indian Ruler who could bring Kabul and Kandhar under Indian Empire only after
Kushanas?
[A] Alauddin Khilji
[B] Ibrahim Lodi
[C] Babur
[D] Akbar
Correct Answer: C [Babur]
94. Which of the following battles helped Shershah to establish Suri Dynasty ?
[A] Battle of Kanauj 1540
[B] Battle of Chausa 1539
[C] Battle of Duhariya 1532
[D] Battle of Chandewar
Correct Answer: B [Battle of Chausa 1539]
95. Who among the following forbade the inscription of kalma on Coins?
[A] Akbar
[B] Shahjahan
[C] Aurangzeb
[D] Jahangir
96. What was the main responsibility of Mir Bakshi during the Mughal Era?
[A] All incomes and expenditures
[B] Military department
[C] Revenue department
[D] Royal correspondence
Correct Answer: B [Military department]
97. Ibaadat Khana which was constructed by Akbar at fatehpur Sikri was basically for the purpose of
______?
[A] Discuss matters related to propagation of Islam
[B] Discuss matters related to expansion of Din-i-Ilahi
[C] Discuss matters related to all religions
[D] Discuss matters related to Hinduism
Correct Answer: C [Discuss matters related to all religions]
Explanation: Abul Fazal encouraged Akbar for debates on doctrinal and philosophical enquiries. Akbar
displayed a curiosity in these discussions. The debate took place in the Ibadat Khana or Hall of Worship.
The Ibadat Khana is now recognized to be the Diwan-i-Khas, which was founded in 1574 at the City of
Fatehpur Sikri. It was opened for Sunni Muslims initially and was opened to all religions viz. Sufis, Shias,
Christians, Zoroastrians, Hindus and Jains.
98. Moti Masjid was built in Red Fort by which of the following Mughal Emperor?
[A] Shahjahan
[B] Aurangazeb
[C] Shah Aalam II
[D] Akbar
Correct Answer: B [Aurangazeb]
99. In the Indian History which period is called as “Golden Age of Architecture”?
[A] Mughal Period
[B] Sultanate Period
[C] British period
[D] Gupta period
Correct Answer: D [Gupta period]
100. Hazi Ibrahim Sarhindi is known to be a Persian Writer during the reign of Akbar was translated the
following Sanskrit work in Persian?
[A] Ramayana
[B] Mahabharata
[C] Atharva Veda
[D] Rigveda
Correct Answer: C [Atharva Veda]
Explanation: Akbar had a committee of scholars with cross lingual expertise. Some of them were Naqeeb
Khan, Mulla Abdul Qadir Badayuni, Mulla Sheri and Sultan Haji Thanesari.
• In that era Mahabharat was translated into Persian and was renamed as Razm Namah (Saga of the
Battlefield).
• Ramayana was translated by Mulla Abdul Qadir Badayuni. Badayuni also took up the task of
Singhasan Batisi into Persian , which was later titled Khurd Afza in Persian.
• Atharva Veda was translated by Haji Ibrahim Sirhindi. Rajataringini by Kalhana was translated by
Maulana Shah Mohammad Shahabadi. Panchtantra were rendered into Persian by Mulla Hussain Waiz
and it was called Anwar-i-Suhaili.
• Panchatantra was also translated in Persian by Maulana Husain Faizi and its translated name was
Yar-i-Danish.
• Abul Fazal, Vazeer of Akbar and author of Akbarnama had translated Panchatantra in persian
as Anvar-i-Saadat.
101. The Treaty of Purandar was signed on June 11, 1665 between Mughals and Maratha Chhatrapati
Shivaji Maharaj. Who represented Mughals in this treaty ?
[A] Jai Singh I
[B] Man Singh I
[C] Ram Singh II
[D] Jai Singh II
Correct Answer: A [Jai Singh I]
102. In the council of 8 Ministers of Shivaji which was called as Ashtapradhan , who was known as chief
Minister and was responsible for General Administration?
[A] Peshwa
[B] Amatya
[C] Sachiv or Shuru Navis
[D] Majumdar
Correct Answer: A [Peshwa]
103. Humayun Nama was written by which of the following authors?

[A] Humayun
[B] Khwand Amir
[C] Gulbadan Beghum
[D] Abu Faza;
Correct Answer: C [Gulbadan Beghum]
104. During the reign of which among the following Mughal rulers, maximum number of books on classical
music were written?
[A] Akbar
[B] Jahanagir
[C] Shahjahan
[D] Aurangzeb
Correct Answer: D [Aurangzeb]
105. During the reign of which among the following rulers, Malik Muhammad Jaisi completed his epic
work ‘Padmavat’?
[A] Shershah
[B] Akbar
[C] Jahangir
[D] Shahjahan
Correct Answer: A [Shershah]
106. Which among the following Mughal emperor had prohibited smoking use of tobacco in 1617 AD?
[A] Akbar
[B] Jahanagir
[C] Shahjahan
[D] Aurangzeb
Correct Answer: B [Jahanagir]
107. Ibn Battuta, the famous Muslim explorer who came to India during regime of Mohammad Bin
Tughlaq, belonged to which country?
[A] Afghanistan
[B] Morocco
[C] Iraq
[D] Iran
orrect Answer: B [Morocco]
Explanation: Ibn Battuta was a Muslim Moroccan explorer. He is known for his extensive travels, accounts
of which were published in the Rihla.Battuta is considered one of the greatest travelers of all time. He
came to India during the regime of Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
108. Who among the following rulers had stamped the figure of Goddess Lakshmi on his coins and had
his name inscribed in Nagari Characters?
[A] Muhammad Ghazni
[B] Muhammad Ghori
[C] Muhammad Bin Tughlaq
[D] Iltutmish
Correct Answer: B [Muhammad Ghori]
Explanation: Muhammad Ghori is known to have adopted the seated goddess Lakshmi type of the coins
of Gahadavalas for circulation in the Gahadavala territories. He got stamped the figure of Goddess
Lakshmi on his coins and had his name inscribed in Nagari Characters.
109. Who among the following defeated Muhammad Ghori near Mount Abu?
[A] Bhimdev Solanki II
[B] Vijaya Dev
[C] Bhimdev Solanki I
[D] None of these
Correct Answer: A [Bhimdev Solanki II]
Explanation: Muhammad of Ghor, Muhammad of Ghori was one of the rulers of the Ghurid dynasty from
the famous house of Sur who were rulers of Ghor for five hundred years. He is cred with laying the
foundation of Muslim domination in India that lasted for several centur
110. Which among the following rulers of the Chola Empire conquered the Maldives during his regime ?
[A] Raja Raja Chola I
[B] Rajendra Chola
[C] Kulothunga Chola I
[D] Vikrama Chola
Correct Answer: A [Raja Raja Chola I]
Explanation: Raja Raja Chola I, popularly known as Raja Raja the Great, is one of the greatest emperors
of the Tamil Chola Empire of India who ruled between 985 and 1014 CE. By conquering several small
kingdoms in South India, he expanded the Chola Empire as far as Sr
111. Faujdar and Amalguzar were the chief officials of the ‘Sarkars’ (administrative divisions) in Mughal
Period. Amalguzar was related to which of the following operations?
[A] Law & Order
[B] Revenue
[C] Defence
[D] Audit and Accounts
Correct Answer: B [Revenue]
112. Which among the following terms precisely defines the loans given to cultivators for seeds, farm
implements etc. in the Sultanate and Mughal period?
[A] Dams
[B] Dahsala
[C] Taqqavi
[D] Nasaq
Correct Answer: C [Taqqavi]
113. Akbar had adopted the ‘Ray’ System of revenue assessment which he had abolished later on as part
of his land revenue reforms. Who among the following had introduced the ray system?
[A] Alauddin Khilji
[B] Balban
[C] Iltutmish
[D] Sher Shah Suri
114. In whose times the Mughal Empire reached its territorial climax?
[A] Akbar
[B] Shah Jahan
[C] Aurangzeb
[D] Bahadur Shah I
115. Jujhar Singh, who was a Bundela Chief had revolted against:
[A] Jahanagir
[B] Shahjahan
[C] Aurangzeb
[D] Akbar
Correct Answer: B [Shahjahan]
116. Babur, the founder of the mighty Mughal Empire traced his lineage from:
[A] Timur from paternal line and Chengiz Khan from Maternal Line
[B] Chengiz Khan from Paternal Line and Timur from Maternal line
[C] Chagatai Turks from paternal and maternal side.
[D] Mongoloids from paternal and Maternal side
Correct Answer: A [Timur from paternal line and Chengiz Khan from Maternal Line]
117. “Sur Sagar “, a treatise on music was written during the reign of which of the following Mughal
emperors?
[A] Humayun
[B] Akbar
[C] Jahanagir
[D] Shahjahan
Explanation: Surdas wrote Sursagar, Tulsidas who wrote Ramcharitmanas was also a contemporary of
Akbar.
118. Ustad Isa is related to the design and architecture of which of the following Buildings in Mughal Era?
[A] Taj Mahal
[B] Buland Darwaza
[C] Red fort
[D] Itimad-ud-daula’s tomb
Correct Answer: A [Taj Mahal]
Explanation: Ustad Isa was the chief architect of Taj Mahal.
119. Which Mughal Emperor had put a ban on killing of animals in certain days?
[A] Shahjahan
[B] Akbar
[C] Darashikoh
[D] Jahangir
Explanation: Akbar put a ban in 1583 on killing animals on certain days.
120. Hamim Humam who was the chief of Royal School (Pathshala) adorned the court of which Mughal
Emperor?
[A] Akbar
[B] Jahanagir
[C] Humayun
[D] Shahjahan
Explanation: Hamim Humam was one of the Nav Ratnas of Akbar.
121. ‘Padshah-nama’ (Chronicle of the Emperor) written by Abdul Hamid Lahori, is the official visual
history giving a detailed account of the reign of which of the following Mughal Emperor?
[A] Babur
[B] Jahanagir
[C] Shah Jahan
[D] Aurangzeb
Correct Answer: C [Shah Jahan]
122. Who among the following was the Sultan of Delhi, when the Mongols appeared for the first time in
India’s soil?
[A] Balban
[B] Iltutmish
[C] Jalal-ud Din Firoz
[D] Razia
123. Which among the following dynasty is known to have constructed the temples at Khajuraho?
[A] Chandelas
[B] Chauhans
[C] Pratiharas
[D] Rastrakutas
Correct Answer: A [Chandelas]
Explanation: Chandela dynasty was well established and there was peace and prosperity in 10th and
11th century. Art and culture flourished there as the kings were great patrons of poetry and theatre. The
culmination of their cultural achievements was at their capital city of Khajuraho (in present-day Madhya
Pradesh), where, between the 10th and 12th centuries, one of the most splendid temple cities in the
history of the world was created. There were originally 85 temples at Khajuraho, of which 25 remain
today.
The first king who started construction in Khajuraho was Harsha who built the 64 Yogini Temples. The
most notable prince of this dynasty was King Dhangawhose time is known for building the most beautiful
Khaujraho Temples of Parsvanath and Vishwavanath. His grandson Vidyadhara built the Kandariya
Mahadev Temple.
124. Which among the following rulers of Delhi Sultanate declared himself as Sikandar-I-Sani?
[A] Balban
[B] Kaiqubad
[C] Alauddin Khilji
[D] Firoz Tughlaq
Correct Answer: C [Alauddin Khilji]
Explanation: Alauddin Khilji was a militarist and imperialist to the core. He was very ambitious. Alauddin,
whose original name was Ali Gurshap, assumed the title Sikandar-i-Sani (Alexander the Second) and
proclaimed Delhi as Dar-ul-Khilafa (Seat of the Caliphate).
125. Mahzarnama was declared by ____?

[A] Babur
[B] Humayun
[C] Akbar
[D] Shahjahan
Correct Answer: C [Akbar]
Explanation: In 1579, Mahzar Nama was declared by which the emperor declared that if there were
conflictions in the views of the debaters, he was entitled to choose any of the interpretations.
With the Mahzar Nama, Akbar pounced upon the dominance of the intolerant orthodox and allowed free
development of a genuine religious spirit. Mahzar Nama was actually an idea of the father of Abul Fazal
and Faizi , set that the authority of the King was higher than that of a Mujtahid (doctor of the faith) and if
there is a variance, the emperor’s decision should be binding on the Muslims of India. With this
edict, Akbar’s judgment was set above every legal and religious authority, so it was the promulgation of
the doctrine of Imperial infallibility.
126. Who among the following are considered to be the first owners of Koh-i-noor diamond?
[A] Kakatiyas
[B] Khiljis
[C] Tughlaqs
[D] Mughals
Correct Answer: A [Kakatiyas]
Explanation: There are two versions of origin of this diamond. First version is that it was mined in
13th century in Kakatiya Territories {near Guntur in modern Andhra Pradesh}. It was under possessions
of Kakatiya Rulers until Malik Kafur, the general of Alauddin Khilji raided Warangal and possibly acquired
this gem. It remained with Khiljis and then passed on to several Delhi Sultanate dynasties until came into
possession of Babur and successive Mughals. Another version says that it was discovered in 1650s in the
diamond mines of Golkonda and was presented by Mir Jumla to Shah Jahan, who got it embedded into
the peacock throne.
127. Who among the following was the writer of Tarikh-i-Firozshahi?

[A] Ziauddin Barni
[B] Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
[C] Abul Fazal
[D] Firoz Tughlaq
Correct Answer: A [Ziauddin Barni]
Explanation: We know about the period of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq from the material of Ziauddin Barni.
Barni’s main works are Twarikh-i-Firuzshahi and Fatwa-i-Jahandari.
128. In which year Arabs invaded Sindh?

[A] 700 A.D
[B] 710 A.D
[C] 712 A.D
[D] 715 A.D
Explanation: It was Raja Dahir who faced Arab invasion in 712 AD. He was attacked, defeated and killed
by Mohammad Bin Qasim, a general of Umayyad Caliphate
129. Etti, Kavidi and Eradi are names of which among the following in sangam age?
[A] taxes
[B] Titles
[C] Places
[D] crops
Correct Answer: B [Titles]
130. At which among the following places, Gokal Jat revolted against mughals in the 17th century?
[A] Hisar
[B] Mathura
[C] Ujain
[D] Bundelkhand
Correct Answer: B [Mathura]
Explanation: In 1669-70, the Jats of Mathura region rose under the leadership of a local Zamindar Gokul.
Religion was main factor behind this revolt because Abdul Nabi, local officer of imperial Mughal
government, had destroyed the temples of Hindus and disrespected their women.
We note here that Jat uprising occurred at a time Mughal government was by no means weak or imbecile.
The Mughal army pursued the Jats and the leader Gokul was captured and executed. However, the rebel
did not subdue completely. Taking advantage of the civil war amongst the sons of Shahjahan, the Jats
again rose in arms and this rebellion finally culminated in establishment of sovereign Jat Kingdom under
Raja Surajmal with Bharatpur its capital
131. Rajasekhara, the eminent Sanskrit poet, dramatist and critic, who is best known for his work
Kavyamimamsa was a court poet of which among the following kings of Gurjara Pratiharas?
[A] Bhoj II
[B] Mihirbhoja I
[C] Mahendrapala I
[D] Mahipala I
Correct Answer: C [Mahendrapala I]
132. Sri Harsha was a court poet of which among the following Gahadwala Kings?
[A] Govindchandra
[B] Jayachandra
[C] Chandradev
[D] Virachandra
Correct Answer: B [Jayachandra]
133. In which among the following battles, Jaichandra was defeated and killed by Mohammad Ghori?
[A] Battle of Kannauj
[B] Battle of Chandawar
[C] Battle of Tarain III
[D] Battle of Talikota
Correct Answer: B [Battle of Chandawar]
134. Who among the following was the founder of Gahadvala Dynasty?
[A] Chandradev
[B] Govindchandra
[C] Madanpala
[D] Jayachandra
Correct Answer: A [Chandradev]
Explanation: The Gahadvala, or Gaharwar, was a Hindu and Buddhist Indian dynasty that ruled the
kingdom of Kannauj for approximately a hundred years, beginning in the late eleventh century. The
founder of the Kannauj Gahadvala dynasty was Chandradeva, who took control of Kannauj at the end of
the 11th century (1090A.D.). During the rule of his successor, Govindachandra, from 1114–1154, the state
of Gahadvala reached the pinnacle of its power. His minister, Lakshmidhara, was the author of several
legal works, including Kalpadruma.
135. Vikrampura and Vijaypuri were two capitals of which among the following Sen kings?
[A] Ballal Sen
[B] Vijay Sen
[C] Samnta Sen
[D] Hemanta Sen
Correct Answer: B [Vijay Sen]
136. Who among the following was the first ruler of sen dynasty?
[A] Ballal Sen
[B] Hemant Sen
[C] Vijay sen
[D] Lakshaman Sen
Correct Answer: B [Hemant Sen]
Explanation: Around the time of Mahipala’s death in around 1043 AD, a vassal of the Palas
named Hemanta Sen founded the Sena Dynasty. This Dynasty appeared in 11th century and disappeared
in 12th century
137. In which among the following battles, artillery was used for the first time?
[A] First Battle of Panipat
[B] Third Battle of Tarain
[C] First Battle of Khanwa
[D] Second Battle of Panipat
Correct Answer: A [First Battle of Panipat]
138. In which of the following years, Akbar had centralized the control and functioning of various mints?
[A] 1570
[B] 1572
[C] 1576
[D] 1578
139. Ghazi Malik was the founder and first ruler of which among the following dynasties?
[A] Khilji Dynasty
[B] Mamluk Dynasty
[C] Tughlaq Dynasty
[D] Slave Dynasty
Correct Answer: C [Tughlaq Dynasty]
140. In Sangam age, the term ” Pillai” was used for which among the following?
[A] lenders
[B] farmers
[C] labours
[D] students
Correct Answer: D [students]
141. Who among the following was the founder of Rastrakuta dynasty ?
[A] Dantidurga
[B] Krishna -I
[C] Indra – II
[D] Govinda -I
Correct Answer: A [Dantidurga]
Explanation: In the mid of the 8th century, Dantidurga , who was one of the chieftain of ancient
Rastrakuta family fought his way to the front and overthrew Kirtivarman II, thus bringing an end to the
main branch of Chalukyas. This was the beginning of the Rastrakuta Empire in Deccan.
142. Which among the following Mughal painters is credited for painting Siberian Crane and the Dodo for
the first time?
[A] Abu al-Hasan
[B] Bishandas
[C] Farrukh Beg
[D] Ustad Mansur
Correct Answer: D [Ustad Mansur]
Explanation: Ustad Mansur as a painter started his career during the last few years of Akbar`s reign as a
minor painter. However, later he flourished during the time of Jahangir.
Ustad Mansur was a leading painter in Emperor Jahangir’s court who was famous for depicting plants
and animals. Most important paintings were of Siberian Crane and Dodo. The latter was an important
source of reference for Zoologists till date. The Siberian Crane painted on paper is highly intricate
showing the wrinkles on the bare skin, the legs and a small feather stuck to the claw.
143. Which among the following travelers has recorded his experiences in “Kitab-i-Rehla” ?
[A] Amir Khusro
[B] Ibn Battuta
[C] Malik Murtaza
[D] Al-Bayhaqi
Correct Answer: B [Ibn Battuta]
Explanation: Ibn batutta was an Arab traveler and adventure frm Morocoo. His book is a primary source
of history of the region of Muhmmad bin Tughluq it throws ligh on the socio-political condition of his
times.
144. which among the following Muslim writers has written the famous Hindi work “Padmavat”?
[A] Malik Muhammad Jayasi
[B] Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana
[C] Amir Khusro
[D] Bulleh Shah
Correct Answer: A [Malik Muhammad Jayasi]
Explanation: Padmavat of Malik Muhammad Jayasi is a poem about the beauty and Jauhar of Padmani.
145. During the reign of Krishnadev Raya which of the following famous temples were built in Vijaynagar
empire?
[A] Hampi
[B] Hazura
[C] Belgaum
[D] None of them
Correct Answer: B [Hazura]
146. Surdas was a disciple of which among the following?

[A] Ramanujacharya
[B] Ramananda
[C] Vallabhacharya
[D] Gyaneshwar
Correct Answer: C [Vallabhacharya]
147. Who among the following composed Ananga?

[A] Kabir
[B] Gyaneshwar
[C] Tukaram
[D] Raidasa
Correct Answer: B [Gyaneshwar]
148. Who among the following is considered to be the teacher of Amir Khusro?
[A] Moinuddin Chishti
[B] Baba Farid
[C] Nizamuddin Auliya
[D] Bakhtiyar Kaki
Correct Answer: C [Nizamuddin Auliya]
Explanation: Nizamuddin Auliya was a famous sufi saint. During rule of akbar, he had settled down in
delhi. He was highly respected by the people. Beside his grave in Delhi, a big mosque has been built.
149. Who among the following laid the foundation of Shalimar & Nishaat Garden in Kashmir?
[A] Akbar
[B] Jahangir
[C] Shahjahan
[D] Nur Jahan
Correct Answer: B [Jahangir]
150. Nadir Shah attacked India, at the time of which among the following later Mughals?
[A] Jahandar Shah
[B] Shah Alam
[C] Akbar II
[D] Mohammad Shah
Correct Answer: D [Mohammad Shah]
Explanation: Mohammad Shah Rangila was able to keep the throne for around 29 years partially because
the first thing he did was to eliminate the Sayyid Brothers. During his time Nadir Shah attacked and looted
Delhi and took the Peacock Throne with himself. The invasion of Nadir Shah fastened the disintegration
of the Mughal Empire. During his time, the states of Hyderabad, Bengal, Awadh were established as
independent Kingdoms.
151. Who among the following are known as King Makers in Indian History?
[A] Sayyid Brothers
[B] Hussain Brothers
[C] Hassan Family
[D] Tardi Begh
Correct Answer: A [Sayyid Brothers]
152. After the death of Aurangzeb , which of the following Mughals abolished jazia tax for the first time?
[A] Jahandar Shah
[B] Rafi Ul Darjat
[C] Mohammad Shah Rangila
[D] Farrukhsiyar
Correct Answer: A [Jahandar Shah]
153. “Muazzama” was the title of which of the following Mughal Emperors?
[A] Shah Alam II
[B] Mohammad Shah
[C] Bahadur Shah Zafar
[D] Jahandar Shah
Correct Answer: C [Bahadur Shah Zafar]
154. Who among the following poets used to write the Urdu Ghazals with the pen name “Asad”?
[A] Mir Taqi Mir
[B] Dushyant
[C] Mirza Ghalib
[D] Amir Khusrow
Correct Answer: C [Mirza Ghalib]
Explanation: His original name was “Mirza Asadullah Baig Khan. Most of us know that “Ghalib” was his
pen name. But before Ghalib, he wrote with a pen name “Asad“: which means a Lion. He was honored
with title of Dabeer-ul-Mulk by Bahadur Shah Zafar II. When another title Mirza Nosha was given to him,
he came to be known as Mirza Ghalib.
155. Who among the following was the first to adopt the new religion propounded by Akbar called Din-i-
Ilahi?
[A] Abul Fazal
[B] Faizi
[C] Birbal
[D] Raja Todarmal
Correct Answer: C [Birbal]
Explanation: Din-i-Illahi was an eclectic doctrine that contained elements from very diverse fields. It
overthrew almost every ceremonial rule whether Islam or Muslim, but took the good ideas from the
Brahmins as well as from the missionaries and adopted “Sun” as a symbol of the worship of the creator.
He started a new Illahi era. The new cult was immediately professed by a small band of the courtiers of
Akbar including Faizi, Abul Fazal, Birbal and a few others
156. Who among the following is said to be the pioneer of guerilla warfare in the Deccan region?
[A] Shivaji
[B] Shah ji Bhosle
[C] Malik Ambar
[D] Maloji Bhosale
Correct Answer: C [Malik Ambar]
157. Which among the following empire was known as “Mulk-e-Khadim”?

[A] Mysore Sultanate
[B] Madurai Sultanate
[C] Maratha Kingdom
[D] Bijapur Kingdom
Correct Answer: C [Maratha Kingdom]
158. Which among the following empire was known as “Mulk-e-Khadim”?

[A] Mysore Sultanate
[B] Madurai Sultanate
[C] Maratha Kingdom
[D] Bijapur Kingdom
Correct Answer: C [Maratha Kingdom]
159. In which among the following territories, Marco Polo had travels in the last decade of 13th century
in India?
[A] Chola
[B] Pandya
[C] Madurai Sultanate
[D] Cheras
Correct Answer: B [Pandya]
Explanation: Marco polo an Italian traveler landed in Pandya Empire (at Kayal) in 13th century and
impressed by the wealth and magnificence of the King, Prince as well as people, tagged it as the richest
kingdom in existence.
160. When was Guru Nanak Dev born?

[A] 20 October 1469
[B] 20 October 1569
[C] 20 October 11779

[D] 20 October 1669
Correct Answer: A [20 October 1469]
Explanation: Guru Nanak Dev was born on 20th October 1469 and this day is celebrated as Prakash Diwas.
161. The Battle of Chandawar was fought in last decade of 12th century between which among the
following rulers?
[A] Mohammad Ghori & Prithviraj Chauhan
[B] Mohammad Ghori and Jaichand
[C] Jaichand and Prithviraj Chauhan
[D] Prithviraj Chauhan and Bhimdev Solanki
Correct Answer: B [Mohammad Ghori and Jaichand]
162. Which Mughal King sat on the throne with title of ” Padshah Gazi” ?
[A] Jahangir
[B] Shah Jahan
[C] Aurangzeb
[D] Mohammad Shah
Correct Answer: A [Jahangir]
163. “Hasan Nizami ” and “Fakh-e-Mudabbir were the court poets of which ruler of Mamluk Sultanate?
[A] Qutb-ud-din Aybak
[B] Iltutmish
[C] Balban
[D] Razia
Correct Answer: A [Qutb-ud-din Aybak]
164. In which year Mohd. Ghori attacked first in India on Multan?

[A] 1172 A.D
[B] 1175 A.D
[C] 1185 A.D
[D] 1190 A.D
Correct Answer: B [1175 A.D]
Explanation: Muhammad Ghori led a series of the campaigns in India. He began with Multan in 1175
against a Muslim ruler and got victorious.
165. On which of the following Ramanujacharya gave stress?

[A] Moksha
[B] Artha
[C] Bhakti
[D] Karma
Correct Answer: C [Bhakti]
Explanation: Rāmānuja presented the epistemic and soteriological importance of bhakti, or the devotion
to a personal God (Vishnu in Rāmānuja’s case) as a means to spiritual liberation. His theories assert that
there exists a plurality and distinction between Ātman (soul) and Brahman (metaphysical, ultimate
reality), while he also affirmed that there is unity of all souls and that the individual soul has the potential
to realize identity with the Brahman.
166. During the reign of which among the following Mughal Emperors, Mughal Architecture reached its
zenith?
[A] Akbar
[B] Jahangir
[C] Shahjahan
[D] Aurangazeb
Correct Answer: C [Shahjahan]
167. In which year, Mohammad Bin Qasim invaded India?

[A] 688 A.D
[B] 712 A.D
[C] 765 A.D
[D] 812 A.D
168. The famous Lingraj Temple is located in which among the following states?
[A] West Bengal
[B] Odisha
[C] Gujarath
[D] Assam
Correct Answer: B [Odisha]
169. Bronze image of Nataraja Shiva is ascribed to which among the following dynasties?
[A] Chola
[B] Chalukya
[C] Pallava
[D] Chera
Correct Answer: A [Chola]
170. “Amoghvarsha” belonged to which dynasty of kings?

[A] Satavahana
[B] Rastrakuta
[C] Pallava
[D] Hoyasala
Correct Answer: B [Rastrakuta]
171. Elizabeth I was contemporary of which Mughal ruler?

[A] Babur
[B] Humayun
[C] Akbar
[D] Jahangir
172. Abdul Qadir Badauani”, Naqib Khan & Shaikh Sultan of Thaneshwar were the scholars in which among
the following mughal emperors’ court ?
[A] Akbar
[B] Jahangir
[C] Shahjahan
[D] Aurangzeb
173. Who among the following has written “Kitab Ul Hind” ?

[A] Al-Beruni
[B] Hākim Nishapuri
[C] Juwayni
[D] Malik ibn Dinar
Correct Answer: A [Al-Beruni]
Explanation: Al Beruni was the First Muslim Scholar to study India and its Brahmanical tradition. He is
called father of Indology and the first anthropologist. He is called one of the earliest and greatest polymath
of the Islamic World.
Alberuni in his book Kitab-ul-Hind appreciated a very high degree of proficiency of Indians in construction
of Tanks and reservoirs at holy places.
174. Which Sultan had forbidden the Nobles to hold banquets & Festivities, and make marriage alliances
without his permission?
[A] Iltutmish
[B] Alauddin Khilji
[C] Balban
[D] Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Correct Answer: B [Alauddin Khilji]
175. “Alai Darwaja” is a gateway to which monument?

[A] Qutub Minar
[B] Jama Masjid
[C] Humayun’s Tomb
[D] Safdarjang’s Tomb
Correct Answer: A [Qutub Minar]
Explanation: Mamluk dynasty did not employ true Islamic architecture styles and used false domes and
false arches. The first example of the true arch and true dome is in Alai Darwaja located in Qutub Complex.
It was built by Ala-ud-din Khilji in 1311 AD.
176. In which among the following cities is located the famous monument Rumi Darwaja?
[A] Bulandshahar
[B] Bhopal
[C] Lucknow
[D] Murshidabad
Correct Answer: C [Lucknow]
Explanation: The Rumi Darwaza was built under the patronage of Nawab Asaf-Ud-daula in 1784 in
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. It is an example of Awadhi architecture.
177. Which one of the following books is the official History of Revolt of 1857 published by publication
division, Ministry of Information and broadcasting, Government of India?
[A] Eighteen Fifty-Seven
[B] Theories of Indian Mutiny
[C] The Sepoy Mutiny and the Revolt of 1857

Correct Answer: A [ Eighteen Fifty-Seven]
Explanation: Eighteen Fifty Seven was written by well known Indian Historian Dr.Surendra Nath Sen ,with
a foreward by Maulana Azad. Published on May 1957 by the publication division ,Ministry of Information
and broadcasting ,Government of India.
178. Which of the following Mughal Emperors was known as Firdaus Manzil?
[A] Mohammad Shah Rangila
[B] Shah Alam II
[C] Farrukhsiyar
[D] Rafi ul Darjat
Correct Answer: B [Shah Alam II]
179. What was the common name of Mehrunissa?

[A] Jahan Ara
[B] Nur Jahan
[C] Hamida Bano
[D] Gulbadan Bano
Correct Answer: B [Nur Jahan]
180. The famous “Treaty of Purandhar” was signed between Shivaji and which among the following in
1665?
[A] Jaswant Singh
[B] Jai Singh
[C] Shaista Khan
[D] Aurangzeb
Correct Answer: B [Jai Singh]
Explanation: The treaty of Purandhar was signed on Jun 11th 1665 between Rajput ruler Jai Singh-I who
was the commander of Mughal army and Maratha ruler Shivaji.
181. A manuscript titled “Sarab Gutaka” is ascribed to which among the following mystics?
[A] Bhagat Pipa
[B] Surdas
[C] Bhagat Trilochan
[D] Bhagat Namdev
Correct Answer: A [Bhagat Pipa]
182. Kabir was a disciple of which among the following saints?

[A] Ravidas
[B] Ramananda
[C] Jaydeva
[D] Sukhanada
Correct Answer: B [Ramananda]
Explanation: Ramananda was first Bhakti saint and founder of Bhakti Movement of northern India. He
preached in Hindi, the language of the masses. Kabir was a disciple of Ramananda. Ramananda 12
disciples included Anantananda, Sursurananda, Sukhanand, Naraharidāsa, Bhavanand, Bhagat Pipa, Kabir,
Sen, Dhanna, Ravidas and two women disciples viz. Sursuri and Padyawati. Among them, Kabir was most
radical and adopted non-conformist stand later on.
183. Akbarnama was written originally in which among the following languages?
[A] Chagtai Turkic
[B] Persian
[C] Arabic
[D] Urdu
Correct Answer: B [Persian]
Explanation: Abul Fazal was the author of Akbarnama which is written in Persian. It is the official history
of Akbar’s reign in 3 volumes. This book gives the history of Akbar’s forefathers from Timur to Humayun
and Akbar’s reign till 1602.
184. Who among the following were the last belligerents against whom Mohammad Ghori had led a
campaign?
[A] Khokhars
[B] Gohils
[C] Baghelas
[D] Bhattis
Correct Answer: A [Khokhars]
185. Which among the following Muslim Scholar came to India during the time of Mahmud of Ghazni?
[A] Al-beruni
[B] Amir Khusrau
[C] Abu Zayd Balkhi
[D] Muhammad al-Idrisi
Correct Answer: A [Al-beruni]
Explanation: Abu Rayhan Beruni or Alberonius (Latin) was a Persian Scholar and polymath of the 11th
century. He accompanied Mahmud Ghazani in his conquests to South Asia. Al Beruni was the First Muslim
Scholar to study India and its Brahmanical tradition. He is called father of Indology and the first
anthropologist. He is called one of the earliest and greatest polymath of the Islamic World.
186. Aurangazeb was a good player of which among the following instruments?
[A] Tabla
[B] Veena
[C] Mridang
[D] Pakhawaj
Correct Answer: B [Veena]
187. The 175 gms coin issued by Iltutmish was in which among the following metals?
[A] Gold
[B] Silver
[C] Copper
[D] Bronze
Correct Answer: B [Silver]
Explanation: Iltutmish introduced Silver Tanka and Copper Jital, the two coins of the Delhi Sultanate.
The coins prior to Iltutmish were introduced by the invaders which bear the Sanskrit characters and even
Bull and Shivalinga. Iltutmish was the first to introduce a “Pure Arabic Coin” in India. The Coins were
engraved with “The Mighty Sultan, Sun of the Empire and the Faith, Conquest-laden, Il-tutmish,” after he
received an investiture of Sovereign Sultan of Delhi from the Caliph of Baghdad. The Silver Tanka issued
by Iltutmish was weighing 175 grains. Gold Tanka of the same weight was later issued by Balban.
188. The temples of Halebid and Belur were built by which among the following dynasties?
[A] Kalabhras
[B] Hoyasalas
[C] Rastrakutas
[D] Kadambas
Correct Answer: B [Hoyasalas]
189. Which among the following is a correct order of the dynasties of Delhi Sultanate?
[A] Tuglaq →Khilji →Slave→Lodhi
[B] Slave→ Lodhi →Khilji →Tuglaq
[C] Slave→ Khilji →Tuglaq →Lodhi
[D] Slave→ Tuglaq →Khilji →Lodhi
Correct Answer: C [Slave→ Khilji →Tuglaq →Lodhi]
Explanation:
Slave dynasty: 1206-90
Khalji dynasty: 1290-1320
Tuglaq dynasty: 1320 – 1414
Sayyid dynasty: 1414-1451
Lodi dynasty: 1451-1526
190. The year 1576, is famous for which among the following battles?
[A] Battle of Talikota
[B] Battle of Haldighati
[C] Battle of Gagron
[D] Battle of Khargaon
Correct Answer: B [Battle of Haldighati]
Explanation: Battle of Haldighati took place in 1576 between Rana of Mewar Maharana Pratap and Akbar
forces led by Man Singh. It was a decisive victory for Akbar’s chieftain Man Singh. Abul Fazal called this
war as “Battle of Khamnaur”
191. The infamous Third Battle of Panipat was fought between which among the following belligerents?
[A] British and Marathas
[B] Mughals and Marathas
[C] Afghans and British
[D] Marathas and Afghans
Correct Answer: D [Marathas and Afghans]
Explanation: Third Battle of Panipat was fought in 1761. This was the largest war of the 18th century. The
Marathas were led by Sadashivrao Bhau. The battle followed a two months seige and skirmishes. The
Marathas were badly defeated in the war suffering a life of around 60-70 thousand warriors. They lost
their ablest commanders. Balaji Baji Rao could not absorb this shock and died soon afterwards.
192. Which among the following building built by Shah Jahan at Agra is similar in pattern of the Saint
Basil’s Cathedral in Moscow?
[A] Taj Mahal

[B] Agra fort
[C] Pearl Mosque
[D] Shah Jahani Mahal
Correct Answer: C [Pearl Mosque]
Explanation: Pearl Mosque also known as Moti Masjid
193. Which among the following was the Capital of Bahamani Sultanate?
[A] Halebidu
[B] Gulbarga
[C] Humpi
[D] Badami
Correct Answer: B [Gulbarga]
Explanation: From 1347 to 1425 Gulbarga was the capital of Bahamani Sultanate In 1425, Ahmad Shah
shifted capital from Gulbarga to Bidar
194. Which of the following Mughal Emperor’s is also known to be a very good player of Veena?
[A] Akbar
[B] Jahangir
[C] Shah Jahan
[D] Aurangzeb
195. Which among the following was located on the banks of Tungabhadra River?
[A] Vijayanagar Empire
[B] Chalukyas of Vatapi
[C] Chalukyas of Badami
[D] Bahmani Kingdom
Correct Answer: A [Vijayanagar Empire]
Explanation: Vijayanagar Empire was established by Hari Hara-I and Bukka-I in the year 1336 on the banks
of Tungabhadra River
196. Which among the following two cities were joined by “Sadak-i-Azam” or the precursor of the Grand
Trunk Road built by Shershah Suri?
[A] Agra & Calcutta
[B] Delhi & Patna
[C] Delhi & Sasaram
[D] Agra & Sasaram
Correct Answer: D [Agra & Sasaram]
197. Who among the following Kings of Rajasthan was a victim of Patricide?
[A] Rana Sanga
[B] Rana Kumbha
[C] Rana Udai Singh
[D] Rawal Ratan Singh
Correct Answer: B [Rana Kumbha]
Explanation: Patricide is the killing of one’s of father Rana Kumbha was killed by his son Udaysimha (Udai
Singh I)
198. The Kirti Stambh of Chittorgarh was built to commemorate the victory of Rana Kumbha in which
among the following battles?
[A] Battle of Chittor
[B] Battle of Sarangpur
[C] Battle of Gagron
[D] Battle of Gogunda
Correct Answer: B [Battle of Sarangpur]
199. The temple city of Osian, near Jodhpur was built by which among the following Rajput Kings?
[A] Pratiharas
[B] Solankis
[C] Chauhanas
[D] Parmaras
Correct Answer: A [Pratiharas]
200.Which among the following Sikh Gurus had been given the “Palace of Amritsar” by Mughal Emperor
Akbar?
[A] Guru Ram Das
[B] Guru Arjun Das
[C] Guru Angad
[D] Guru Hargovind
Correct Answer: A [Guru Ram Das]
201.Areas of which of the following current states did not come under control of Vijayanagar emperor
Krishnadeva Raya?
[A] Kerala
[B] Tamil Nadu
[C] Odisha
[D] Maharashtra
Correct Answer: D [ Maharashtra]
Explanation: Vijayanagar emperor Krishnadeva Raya (1509-1529) was a statesman, administrator and
patron of arts. He united almost south India by bringing areas of modern Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka,
Tamil Nadu, parts of Kerala and Odisha under his control.
202. Which of the following rulers died in the Kalinjar Fort situated in the Baghelkhand region of
central India?
[A]Mahmud of Ghazni
[B] Sher Shah Suri
[C] Humayun
[D] Jahangir
Correct Answer: B [Sher Shah Suri]
Explanation: Kalinjar Fort is situated in the Baghelkhand region of central India. It is the place where Sher
Shah Suri met his death in 1545.
203. Which of the following rulers earned the title of Purvapaschima Samudradhishavara?
[A] Samudragupta
[B] Karikala Chola
[C] Harihara I
[D] Parantaka-I
Correct Answer: C [Harihara I]
Explanation: Harihara-I of Vijayanagara Kingdom gained control over most of the area south of the
Tungabhadra River and earned the title of Purvapaschima Samudradhishavara (“master of the eastern
and western seas”).
204. Kamal-ud-Din Abd-ur-Razzaq ibn Ishaq Samarqandi, a Persian Islamic Scholar, visited which Indian
city during early 1440s?
[A] Surat
[B] Calicut
[C] Chennai
[D] Chinsurah
Correct Answer: B [Calicut]
Explanation: Calicut is a metropolitan city in the state of Kerala in southern India on the Malabar Coast.
Kamal-ud-Din Abd-ur-Razzaq ibn Ishaq Samarqandi visited Calicut in early 1440s. He wrote a narrative of
what he saw in Calicut which is valuable as information on Calicut’s society and culture.
205. Ruqaiya Sultan Begum was the wife of which Mughal Ruler?
[A] Humayun
[B] Jahangir
[C] Akbar
[D] Shah Jahan
Explanation: Ruqaiya Sultan Begum was the first wife of Mughal Emperor Akbar. She was Empress
consort of the Mughal Empire from 1557 to 1605. Ruqaiya was a first cousin of her husband, and was
a Mughal princess by birth. Her father, Hindal Mirza, was the youngest brother of Akbar’s
father Humayun.
206. Which Mughal Ruler had higher number of Hindus as Mansabdars than Muslims under his
administration?
[A] Akbar
[B] Aurangzeb
[C] Jahangir
[D] Shah Jahan
Correct Answer: B [Aurangzeb]
Explanation: Aurangzeb had higher number of Hindus as Mansabdars than Muslims under his
administration
207. Who among the following is associated with translation of Rajatarangini in Persian?
[A] Dara Shikoh
[B] Zain-ul-Abidin
[C] Abdul Razzaq Jilani
[D] Bande Nawaz
Correct Answer: B [Zain-ul-Abidin]
Explanation: Rajatarangini is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian
subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in
the 12th century CE. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin.
208. Who among the following introduced the Zabti system and Dahshala system?
[A] Raja Todar Mal
[B] Firuz Shah Tughlaq
[C] Raja Man Singh I
[D] Ibrahim Lodi
Correct Answer: A [Raja Todar Mal]
Explanation: Raja Todar Mal, a finance minister of Akbar, brought new system of revenue collection
known as zabti system and dahshala system.
209. Which ruler sent two of his brothers Ulugh Khan and Nusrat Khan to invade Gujarat?
[A] Alauddin Khilji
[B] Sikandar Lodi
[C] Muhammad Shah
[D] Firuz Shah Tughlaq
Correct Answer: A [Alauddin Khilji ]
Explanation: Alauddin Khilji sent two of his general brothers Ulugh Khan and Nusrat Khan to invade
Gujarat. Gujarat was invaded and the temples of Somnath and Rudra Mahalaya were sacked.
210. The famous Meenakshi Amman Temple in Madurai was built during which dynasty?
[A] Pandyas
[B] Chola
[C] Chera
[D] Pallava
Correct Answer: A [Pandyas]
Explanation: Meenakshi Amman Temple in Madurai was built during the reign of the Pandyas. Rock cut
and structural temples are significant part of pandyan architecture. Vimana, mandapa and shikhara are
some of the features of the early Pandyan temples.
211. In 1293 A.D., Marco Polo, an Italian traveller, visited which Indian Kingdom?
[A] Kakatiya
[B] Satavahana
[C] Pandyan
[D] Chera
Correct Answer: A [Kakatiya ]
Explanation: In 1293 A.D., Marco Polo, an Italian traveller visited Motupalli, a famous sea port during
Kakatiya Dynasty. He wrote about the prosperity and power of the kingdom under Rudramadevi.
212. Which of the following statements is incorrect about the Lingayatism?

[A] It was founded by the 12th-century philosopher and statesman Basava
[B] It is a distinct Shaivite religious tradition in India
[C] Lingayat thinkers rejected the custodial hold of Brahmins over the Vedas and the shastras
[D] Contemporary Lingayatism is influential in North India, especially in the state of Jammu & Kashmir
Correct Answer: D [Contemporary Lingayatism is influential in North India, especially in the state of
Jammu & Kashmir]
Explanation: Fourth statement is incorrect because Contemporary Lingayatism is influential in South
India, especially in the state of Karnataka.
213. “Silver Tanka” and “Copper Jital” coins were introduced by:
[A] Iltutmish
[B] Abu Bakr Shah
[C] Firuz Shah Tughlaq
[D] Sikander Lodi
Correct Answer: A [Iltutmish]
Explanation: Iltutmish introduced Silver Tanka and Copper Jital , the two coins of the Delhi Sultanate. The
coins prior to Iltutmish were introduced by the invaders which bear the Sanskrit characters and even Bull
and Shivalinga. Iltutmish was the first to introduce a “Pure Arabic Coin” in India. The Coins were engraved
with “The Mighty Sultan, Sun of the Empire and the Faith, Conquest-laden, Il-tutmish,” after he received
an investiture of Sovereign Sultan of Delhi from the Caliph of Baghdad. The Silver Tanka issued by Iltutmish
was weighing 175 grains. Gold Tanka of the same weight was later issued by Balban.
214. In 1398, when Timur invaded India, the ruler of Delhi Sultanate was:
[A]Mahmud Shah Tughluq
[B] Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji
[C] Aram Shah
[D] Ghiyas-ud-din Balban
Correct Answer: A [Mahmud Shah Tughluq]
Explanation: Mahmud Shah Tughlaq was the last sultan of the Tughlaq dynasty to rule the Islamic Delhi
Sultanate. During his reign in 1398, Amir Timur the Chagtai ruler invaded India. He carried away with him
a large booty from Delhi and the surrounding area. Soon after the invasion, the Tughlaq dynasty came to
an end.
215.Who among the following was appointed as the supreme authority in justice during the era of Mughal
Emperors?
[A]Qazi-ul-Quzat
[B] Qazi-ul-Hazat
[C] Qazi-Faiz-ul-Islam
[D] None of these
Correct Answer: A [Qazi-ul-Quzat]
Explanation: Besides Mughal rulers, Qazi-ul-Quzat was the supreme authority in justice. Since it was
difficult for the emperor to do-away with justice in all the cases, he appointed Qazi-ul-Quzat to do the
justice in accordance with Muslim Law.
216.Which of the following rulers of India issued Mahzarnama to take all the religious matters into his
own hands ?
[A] Jahangir
[B] Akbar
[C] Aurangzeb
[D] Shah Alam
Explanation: Akbar declared or issued Mahzarnama to take all the religious matters into his own hands.
This made him supreme in the religious matters. He issued Mahzarnama to curb the dominance of Ulema.
It was written by Faizi in 1579.
217.The ambassador of Emperor James I, who reached in the court of Jahangir in 1615 was __:
[A] Sir James Hay
[B] Sir Thomas Roe
[C] Sir Thomas Howard
[D] Sir John Digby
Correct Answer: B [Sir Thomas Roe]
Explanation: As an ambassador of Emperor James l, Sir Thomas Roe reached in the court of Mughal
Emperor Jehandri at Agra in 1615. Jehangir presented him the Mansab of 400.
218.Who among the following was the contemporary leader of Chengiz Khan ?
[A] Genghis Khan
[B] Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat Beg
[C] Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari
[D] Iitutmish
Correct Answer: D [Iitutmish]
Explanation: Iitutmish , the Sultan of Delhi, was contemporary of Mongol leader Chengiz Khan. In 1221
A.D., there was a danger of expected attack of Chengiz khan on Delhi.
219.The real name of Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II was__:

[A] Alamgir II
[B] Ahmed Shah Durrani
[C] Mirza Najaf Khan
[D] Ali Gauhar
Correct Answer: D [Ali Gauhar]
Explanation: The real name of the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II (1759-1806) was Ali Gauhar.
220.Which among the following was the real name of Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah ?
[A] Khujasta Akhtar
[B] Shahriyar Shah Bahadur
[C] Nadir Shah
[D] Raushan Akhtar
Correct Answer: D [Raushan Akhtar]
Explanation: Raushan Akhtar was the real name of Muhammad Shah.
221.Which among the following terms was used for the Royal cavalry of the Maratha Army System?
[A] The Shiledars
[B] The Bargirs
[C] The Hazari
[D] The Subedars
Correct Answer: B [The Bargirs]
Explanation: Bargir was the Royal cavalry of the Maratha army system. There were two kinds of cavalry
viz. Bargirs and the Shiledars. Bargirs were provided horses from the state and thus, the horses were
property of the royal household and were looked after by state officers. Shiledars used to keep their
own horses.
222.Who among the following built the Alai Darwaza?

[A] Akbar
[B] Jahangir
[C] Allauddin Khilji
[D] Humayun
Correct Answer: C [Allauddin Khilji]
Explanation: Alai Darwaza was built by Allauddin Khilji.
223. Who among the following was the founder of Bijapur state ?
[A] Yusuf Adil Shah
[B] Murad II
[C] Mehmood II
[D] Ibrahim Zubayri
Correct Answer: A [Yusuf Adil Shah]
Explanation: Yusuf Adil Shah was the founder of Bijapur state.
224.Which of the following Mughal rulers banned engraving Kalma on coins?

[A] Jahangir
[B] Aurangzeb
[C] Shahjahan
[D] Muhammad Shah
Explanation: Aurangzeb stopped engraving Kalma on coins. Forbade the Parsis to celebrate their festival
Navaroz. Released an order to ban the music everywhere and arrest those who listen to the music. His
drink was plain water and he used to sleep on ground, something that made him a Zinda Fakir. He ended
the Mughal pomp of Jharokha Darshan, use of almanacs, the Mughal custom of weighing the emperor in
gems -distributing the wealth to the poors, on coronation anniversaries. He reintroduced Jazia. In
summary he did all that was never done by his great grandfather, grandfather and father.
225.Baburnama was written in which language?

[A] Para-Mongolic
[B] Chagatai Turkic
[C] Hijazi Arabic
[D] Bahrani Arabic
Correct Answer: B [Chagatai Turkic]
and Jahangir are the only two emperors of Mughal Empire who wrote their own biographies. Baburnama
226.Which of the following rulers of Delhi Sultanate faced maximum number of Mongol Attacks?
[A] Alauddin Khilji
[B] Muhammad Tughlaq
[C] Firozshah Tughlaq
[D] Bahlol Lodi
Explanation: The maximum number of Mongol attacks were faced by Alauddin Khilji. He built Siri his
capital mainly to deter the Mongols.
227.Who was the first ruler to issue Pure Arabic coin in India?
[A] Mohammad Ghori
[C] Iltutmish
[D] Razia Sultan
Correct Answer: C [Iltutmish]
Explanation: Iltutmish introduced Silver Tanka and Copper Jital, the two coins of the Delhi Sultanate. The
coins prior to Iltutmish were introduced by the invaders, which bear the Sanskrit characters and even
Hindu Gods, Bull and Shivalinga. For example, Muhammad Ghor
228.Which of the following rulers of Delhi Sultanate abolished the Iqtas?

[A] Alauddin Khilji
[D] Balban
Explanation: Alauddin Khilji suddenly abolished the system of small Iqtas with a stroke of pen and brought
them under the central Government, it is regarded as one of the most important agrarian reform of
Alauddin Khilji.
229.In medieval India, Solanki queen Naikidevi defeated which of the following invaders in the Battle of
Kayadara?
[A] Mahmud Ghaznavi
[B] Mohammad Ghori
[C] Sabuktigin
[D] Mohammad Bin Qasim
Correct Answer: B [Mohammad Ghori]
Explanation: The worst defeat of Mohammad Ghori in India was inflicted by the Solankis in the Battle of
Kayadara near Mount Abu. Raja Bhimdev II was a young men and real regent was his mother Naikidevi.
Naikidevi inflicted such a major defeat to Muhammad Ghori that this invasion became Muhammad’s first
and last attack on India from the Gujarat side. He never turned to Gujarat later on.
230.Which of the following Sena rulers introduced Kulinism in Bengal?

[A] Hemant Sen
[B] Ballala Sen
[C] Vijay Sen
[D] Lakshman Sen
Correct Answer: B [Ballala Sen]
Explanation: One of the vassals of Pala called Hemant Sen founded the Sena Dynasty. The third king of
this dynasty Ballala Sena (1160-1178) introduced the social reforms in Bengal known as Kulinism.
231.Which of the following term is used for writes of Charyapadas?

[A] Yogachari
[B] Mahasiddha
[C] Sakyapa
[D] Charyapurusha
Correct Answer: B [Mahasiddha]
Explanation: Charyapada is a collection of Buddhist poems composed most probably during the Pala
Dynasty (However, there are various controversies on the origin). These mystic poems are from the tantric
tradition.
232.Which of the following Pala Kings established Vikramshila university?

[A] Gopala
[B] Dharmapala
[C] Devapala
[D] Devapala 2
for establishing the Vikramshila University. The Vikramshila University is located at Kahalgaon near
Bhagalpur in Bihar. Dharampala had also built a Vihara at Somapu
233.Which of the following was capital of the Solanki dynasty in Gujarat?

[A] Veraval
[B] Anhilwada
[C] Bharuch
[D] Visnagar
Correct Answer: B [Anhilwada]
Explanation: The Solankis, whose headquarters were at Anhilwada were patrons of Somnath. Notable
King was Mularaja, whose period is known as beginning of the Gujarati Culture, language and script. Raja
Bhoj of Dhar overshadowed the successors of Mularaja and they were reduced to vassals of the Malwa
Kingdom.
234.Which of the following battles is subject matter of Alha Khand, a 12th Century epic poetic work in
Hindi?
[A] Battle of Mandsaur
[B] Battle of Chittor
[C] Battle of Mahoba
[D] Battles of Tarain
Correct Answer: C [Battle of Mahoba]
Explanation: Paradidev (Parmal) who fought Prithviraj Chauhan-III in 1182 AD in the Battle of Mahoba.
This battle is the subject matter of the Alha Khand (c. 12th Century) is an early poetic work in Hindi which
consists of a number of ballads describing the brave acts of two Rajput heroes, Alha and Udal. Alha and
Udal were great fighters, still sung in the folk songs of Bundelkhand.
235.Which of the following regions was known as Jejakabhukti in early Medieval India?
[A] Rohelkhand
[B] Bundelkhand
[C] Deccan
[D] Saurastra
Correct Answer: B [Bundelkhand]
Explanation: Bundelkhand was known as Jejakabhukti, which roughly corresponds to the old
Mahajanapadas of Chedi. The notable Kings among notable kings among the Chandels of Jejakabhukti
were Dhanga, Ganda and Parmal. The legacy of the Chandelas of Jejakabhukti lies in the building of famous
Khajuraho temples
236.Who rebuilt the Somnath temple in 815 AD after it was destroyed by Arab Invaders in 725 AD?
[A] Vikramaditya II
[B] Nagabhatta-I
[C] Nagabhatta-II
[D] Mihirbhoja
Correct Answer: C [Nagabhatta-II]
Explanation: Nagabhatta II is best known for rebuilding the Somnath Temple in 815 AD, which was
destroyed by Arab invaders in 725AD. This was a large structure of Red Sandstone; again destroyed in
1024AD by Mahamud of Ghazni.
237.The Rajput confederacy had checked invasion of which of the following Arab invaders in Battle of
Rajasthan?
[A] Mahmud Ghaznavi
[B] Al Junayd
[C] Muhammad bin Qasim
[D] Al-Hakam
Correct Answer: B [Al Junayd]
Explanation: A Rajput confederacy of Gurjara Pratihara King Nagabhatta-I and his feudatories such as
Chauhans and Guhilots was able to check and revert back Arab Invader Al Junayd, in the Battle of
Rajasthan.
238.The temple city of Osean in Rajasthan was established by which of the following Rajputs?
[A] Gurjar Pratiharas
[B] Chauhans
[C] Solankis
[D] Sisodias
Correct Answer: A [Gurjar Pratiharas]
Explanation: Gurjar Pratiharas established Marwar in Rajasthan and built the Temple city of Osean, near
Jodhpur. Their origin is from Mandsaur and notable Kings are Nagabhatta-I, Nagabhatta-II and Mihirbhoja.
239.Which of the following Rajput clan does not belong to the Agnikula?
[A] Parmara
[B] Pratihara
[C] Chalukya
[D] Kachwaha
Correct Answer: D [Kachwaha]
Explanation: The four Rajput clans from Agnikunda are Chauhans, Chalukyas, Parmaras and Pratiharas.
240.Chachnama is the oldest chronicle of which of the following regions?

[A] Kashmir
[B] Gandhar
[C] Sindh
[D] Punjab
Correct Answer: C [Sindh]
Explanation: At the time of Arab Invasions, Sindh was under Raja Dahir who reigned till 712 AD from his
capital Brahamanabad. He was the last Hindu Ruler of Sindh and parts of Modern Punjab (Pakistan). The
Arab conquest of Sindh is mentioned in the oldest Chronicle of Sindh called “Chach Nama”. He was
attacked, defeated and killed by Mohammad Bin Qasim, a general of the Umayyad Caliphate.
241.Who among the following was appointed as the supreme authority in justice during the era of Mughal
Emperors?
[A] Qazi-ul-Quzat
[B] Qazi-ul-Hazat
[C] Qazi-Faiz-ul-Islam
[D] None of these
Correct Answer: A [Qazi-ul-Quzat]
Explanation: Besides Mughal rulers, Qazi-ul-Quzat was the supreme authority in justice. Since it was
242.Which of the following rulers of India issued Mahzarnama to take all the religious matters into his
own hands ?
[A] Jahangir
[B] Akbar
[C] Aurangzeb
[D] Shah Alam
Explanation: Akbar declared or issued Mahzarnama to take all the religious matters into his own hands.
This made him supreme in the religious matters. He issued Mahzarnama to curb the dominance of Ulema.
It was written by Faizi in 1579.
243.The ambassador of Emperor James I, who reached in the court of Jahangir in 1615 was __:
[A] Sir James Hay
[B] Sir Thomas Roe
[C] Sir Thomas Howard
[D] Sir John Digby
Correct Answer: B [Sir Thomas Roe]
Explanation: As an ambassador of Emperor James l, Sir Thomas Roe reached in the court of Mughal
Emperor Jehandri at Agra in 1615. Jehangir presented him the Mansab of 400.
244.Who among the following was the contemporary leader of Chengiz Khan ?
[A] Genghis Khan
[B] Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat Beg
[C] Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari
[D] Iitutmish
Correct Answer: D [Iitutmish]
Explanation: Iitutmish, the Sultan of Delhi, was contemporary of Mongol leader Chengiz Khan. In 1221
A.D., there was a danger of expected attack of Chengiz khan on Delhi.
245.The real name of Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II was__:

[A] Alamgir II
[B] Ahmed Shah Durrani
[C] Mirza Najaf Khan

[D] Ali Gauhar
Correct Answer: D [Ali Gauhar]
Explanation: The real name of the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II (1759-1806) was Ali Gauhar.
246.Which among the following was the real name of Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah ?
[A] Khujasta Akhtar
[B] Shahriyar Shah Bahadur
[C] Nadir Shah
[D] Raushan Akhtar
Correct Answer: D [Raushan Akhtar]
Explanation: Raushan Akhtar was the real name of Muhammad Shah.
247.Which among the following terms was used for the Royal cavalry of the Maratha Army System?
[A] The Shiledars
[B] The Bargirs
[C] The Hazari
[D] The Subedars
Correct Answer: B [The Bargirs]
Explanation: Bargir was the Royal cavalry of the Maratha army system. There were two kinds of cavalry
viz. Bargirs and the Shiledars. Bargirs were provided horses from the state and thus, the horses were
property of the royal household and were looked after by state officers. Shiledars used to keep their own
horses.
248.Who among the following built the Alai Darwaza?

[A] Akbar
[B] Jahangir
[C] Allauddin Khilji
[D] Humayun
Correct Answer: C [Allauddin Khilji]
Explanation: Alai Darwaza was built by Allauddin Khilji
249. Last Updated: May 11, 2017No comments?

Who among the following was the founder of Bijapur state ?
[A] Yusuf Adil Shah
[B] Murad II
[C] Mehmood II
[D] Ibrahim Zubayri
Correct Answer: A [Yusuf Adil Shah]
Explanation: Yusuf Adil Shah was the founder of Bijapur state.
250.Which of the following Mughal rulers banned engraving Kalma on coins?

[A] Jahangir
[B] Aurangzeb
[C] Shahjahan
[D] Muhammad Shah
Explanation: Aurangzeb stopped engraving Kalma on coins. Forbade the Parsis to celebrate their festival
Navaroz. Released an order to ban the music everywhere and arrest those who listen to the music. His
drink was plain water and he used to sleep on ground, something that made him a Zinda Fakir. He ended
the Mughal pomp of Jharokha Darshan, use of almanacs, the Mughal custom of weighing the emperor in
gems -distributing the wealth to the poors, on coronation anniversaries. He reintroduced Jazia. In
summary he did all that was never done by his great grandfather, grandfather and father.
251.Baburnama was written in which language?

[A] Para-Mongolic
[B] Chagatai Turkic
[C] Hijazi Arabic
[D] Bahrani Arabic
Correct Answer: B [Chagatai Turkic]
and Jahangir are the only two emperors of Mughal Empire who wrote their own biographies. Baburnama
is also known to be the first true autobiography in the Islamic literature.
252.Which of the following rulers of Delhi Sultanate faced maximum number of Mongol Attacks?
[A] Alauddin Khilji
[D] Bahlol Lodi
Explanation: The maximum number of Mongol attacks were faced by Alauddin Khilji. He built Siri his
capital mainly to deter the Mongols.
253.Who was the first ruler to issue Pure Arabic coin in India?
[A] Mohammad Ghori
[C] Iltutmish
[D] Razia Sultan
Correct Answer: C [Iltutmish]
Explanation: Iltutmish introduced Silver Tanka and Copper Jital, the two coins of the Delhi Sultanate. The
coins prior to Iltutmish were introduced by the invaders, which bear the Sanskrit characters and even
Hindu Gods, Bull and Shivalinga. For example, Muhammad Ghor.
254.Which of the following rulers of Delhi Sultanate abolished the Iqtas?

[A] Alauddin Khilji
[D] Balban
Explanation: Alauddin Khilji suddenly abolished the system of small Iqtas with a stroke of pen and brought
them under the central Government, it is regarded as one of the most important agrarian reform of
Alauddin Khilji.
255.In medieval India, Solanki queen Naikidevi defeated which of the following invaders in the Battle of
Kayadara?
[A] Mahmud Ghaznavi

[B] Mohammad Ghori
[C] Sabuktigin
[D] Mohammad Bin Qasim
Correct Answer: B [Mohammad Ghori]
Explanation: The worst defeat of Mohammad Ghori in India was inflicted by the Solankis in the Battle of
Kayadara near Mount Abu. Raja Bhimdev II was a young men and real regent was his mother Naikidevi.
Naikidevi inflicted such a major defeat to Muhammad Ghori that that this invasion became Muhammad’s
first and last attack on India from the Gujarat side. He never turned to Gujarat later on.
256.Which of the following Sena rulers introduced Kulinism in Bengal?

[A] Hemant Sen
[B] Ballala Sen
[C] Vijay Sen
[D] Lakshman Sen
Correct Answer: B [Ballala Sen]
Explanation: One of the vassals of Pala called Hemant Sen founded the Sena Dynasty. The third king of
this dynasty Ballala Sena (1160-1178) introduced the social reforms in Bengal known as Kulinism.
257.Which of the following term is used for writes of Charyapadas?

[A] Yogachari
[B] Mahasiddha
[C] Sakyapa
[D] Charyapurusha
Correct Answer: B [Mahasiddha]
Explanation: Charyapada is a collection of Buddhist poems composed most probably during the Pala
Dynasty (However, there are various controversies on the origin). These mystic poems are from the tantric
tradition. The writers of Charyapada are calledMahasiddhas and they were from Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and
Assam.
258.Which of the following Pala Kings established Vikramshila university?

[A] Gopala
[B] Dharmapala
[C] Devapala
[D] Devapala 2
for establishing the Vikramshila University. The Vikramshila University is located at Kahalgaon near
Bhagalpur in Bihar. Dharampala had also built a Vihara at Somapuri, another at Paharpur and yet another
Vihara at Odantapuri. The five places viz. Nalanda, Vikramshila, Somapuri, Paharpur and Odantapuri are
called Five Mahaviharas. Bakhtiyar Khilji destroyed the Vikramshila University in 1200 AD. Somapura
Mahavihara is now located in Bangladesh. It is one of the best known Mahaviharas of Buddhism in Indian
subcontinent and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
259.Which of the following was capital of the Solanki dynasty in Gujarat?

[A] Veraval
[B] Anhilwada
[C] Bharuch
[D] Visnagar
Correct Answer: B [Anhilwada]
Explanation: The Solankis, whose headquarters were at Anhilwada were patrons of Somnath. Notable
King was Mularaja, whose period is known as beginning of the Gujarati Culture, language and script. Raja
Bhoj of Dhar overshadowed the successors of Mularaja and they were reduced to vassals of the Malwa
Kingdom.
260.Which of the following battles is subject matter of Alha Khand, a 12th Century epic poetic work in
Hindi?
[A] Battle of Mandsaur
[B] Battle of Chittor
[C] Battle of Mahoba
[D] Battles of Tarain
Correct Answer: C [Battle of Mahoba]
Explanation: Paradidev (Parmal) who fought Prithviraj Chauhan-III in 1182 AD in the Battle of Mahoba.
This battle is the subject matter of the Alha Khand (c. 12th Century) is an early poetic work in Hindi which
consists of a number of ballads describing the brave acts of two Rajput heroes, Alha and Udal. Alha and
Udal were great fighters, still sung in the folk songs of Bundelkhand.
261.Which of the following regions was known as Jejakabhukti in early Medieval India?
[A] Rohelkhand
[B] Bundelkhand
[C] Deccan
[D] Saurastra
Correct Answer: B [Bundelkhand]
Explanation: Bundelkhand was known as Jejakabhukti, which roughly corresponds to the old
Mahajanapadas of Chedi. The notable Kings among notable kings among the Chandels of Jejakabhukti
were Dhanga, Ganda and Parmal. The legacy of the Chandelas of Jejakabhukti lies in the building of
famous Khajuraho temples
262.Who rebuilt the Somnath temple in 815 AD after it was destroyed by Arab Invaders in 725 AD?
[A] Vikramaditya II
[B] Nagabhatta-I
[C] Nagabhatta-II
[D] Mihirbhoja
Correct Answer: C [Nagabhatta-II]
Explanation: Nagabhatta II is best known for rebuilding the Somnath Temple in 815 AD, which was
destroyed by Arab invaders in 725AD. This was a large structure of Red Sandstone; again destroyed in
1024AD by Mahamud of Ghazni.
263.The Rajput confederacy had checked invasion of which of the following Arab invaders in Battle of
Rajasthan?
[A] Mahmud Ghaznavi
[B] Al Junayd
[C] Muhammad bin Qasim
[D] Al-Hakam
Correct Answer: B [Al Junayd]
Explanation: A Rajput confederacy of Gurjara Pratihara King Nagabhatta-I and his feudatories such as
Chauhans and Guhilots was able to check and revert back Arab Invader Al Junayd, in the Battle of
Rajasthan.
264.The temple city of Osean in Rajasthan was established by which of the following Rajputs?
[A] Gurjar Pratiharas
[B] Chauhans
[C] Solankis
[D] Sisodias
Correct Answer: A [Gurjar Pratiharas]
Explanation: Gurjar Pratiharas established Marwar in Rajasthan and built the Temple city of Osean, near
Jodhpur. Their origin is from Mandsaur and notable Kings are Nagabhatta-I, Nagabhatta-II and Mihirbhoja.
265.Which of the following Rajput clan does not belong to the Agnikula?
[A] Parmara
[B] Pratihara
[C] Chalukya
[D] Kachwaha
Correct Answer: D [Kachwaha]
Explanation: The four Rajput clans from Agnikunda are Chauhans, Chalukyas, Parmaras and Pratiharas.
266.Chachnama is the oldest chronicle of which of the following regions?

[A] Kashmir
[B] Gandhar
[C] Sindh
[D] Punjab
Correct Answer: C [Sindh]
Explanation At the time of Arab Invasions, Sindh was under Raja Dahir who reigned till 712 AD from his
capital Brahamanabad. He was the last Hindu Ruler of Sindh and parts of Modern Punjab (Pakistan). The
Arab conquest of Sindh is mentioned in the oldest Chronicle of Sindh called “Chach Nama”. He was
attacked, defeated and killed by Mohammad Bin Qasim, a general of the Umayyad Caliphate.
267.The Mansabdari system was borrowed from ?

[A] Afghanistan
[B] Turkey
[C] Mongolia
[D] Persia
Correct Answer: C [Mongolia]
Explanation: Mansabdar implies the generic term for the military-kind grading of all royal functionaries
of the Mughal Empire. The Mansabdari system introduced by Akbar was borrowed from the system
followed in Mongolia.
268.Which of the following ladies wrote an historical account during the Mughal period?
[A] Gulbadan Begum
[B] Noorjahan Begum
[C] Jahanara Begum
[D] Zebun-nissah Begum
Correct Answer: A [Gulbadan Begum]
Explanation: Gulbadan Begum (1523-1603) was a Perso-Turkic Princess, the daughter of Emperor Babur.
She is most known as the author of Humayun Nama, the account of the life of her brother, Humayun.
269.Who was the first Indian ruler to organize Haj pilgrimage at the expense of the state?
[A] Alauddin Khilji
[B] Feroz Tughlaq
[C] Akbar
[D] Aurangzeb
Explanation: Akbar was the first Indian ruler to organize Haj pilgrimage at the expense of the state.
270.Which among the following was the single biggest item of import to the Vijayanagar empire?
[A] Precious stones
[B] Horses
[C] Luxury goods
[D] Raw Silk
Correct Answer: B [Horses]
Explanation: Kings of Vijayanagar, imported Arabian horses on a large scale, in order to improve the breed
of cavalry horses in their own districts. Thus, the single biggest item of import to the Vijayanagar empire
was Horses.
271.During the Delhi Sultanate, who among the following were called the Barids?
[A] Craftsmen
[B] Bodyguards of the Sultan
[C] Officer-in-charge of state exchequer
[D] The spy / news reporters
Correct Answer: D [The spy / news reporters]
Explanation: Barid-i-mumalik was the head of the information and intelligence department. Only a
nobleman who enjoyed the fullest confidence of Sultan was appointed the chief barid. The Barid-i-
Mumalik had to keep information of all that was happening in the Sultanate. At local level there were
barids who used to send regular news concerning the matters of the state to the central office. Apart from
barids, another set of reporters also existed who were known as Munihiyan.
272.The Sayyid dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate is called so because__?

[A] Its founder and his successors adopted the title Sayyid
[B] Its founder and his successors belonged to the Sayyid tribe of eastern Turkistan
[C] Its founder and his successors were descendant of the prophet Muhammad
[D] Its founder was a scholar of Islamic theology
Correct Answer: C [Its founder and his successors were descendant of the prophet Muhammad]
Explanation: Khizr Khan was the descendant of the prophet Muhammad .The Sayyid dynasty was the
fourth dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate from 1414 to 1451 A.D. Khizr Khan was the founder ruler of Sayyid
dynasty and he is said to be a descendant of Prophet Muhammad.
273.Who among the following Sultans of Delhi assumed the title Sikandar-i-Sani?
[A] Balban
[B] Alauddin Khalji
[C] Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq
[D] Sikandar Lodi
Correct Answer: B [Alauddin Khalji]
Explanation: Alauddin Khilji was a militarist and imperialist to the core. He was very ambitious. Alauddin,
whose original name was Ali Gurshap, assumed the title Sikandar-i-Sani (Alexander the Second) and
proclaimed Delhi as Dar-ul-Khilafa (Seat of the Caliphate).
274.Which among the following was the work of Sultan Feroz Shah Tughlaq?
[A] Fautuhat-i-Ferozshahi
[B] Fatawa-i-Jahandari
[C] Tarikh-i-Ferozshahi
[D] Tughlaqnama
Correct Answer: A [Fautuhat-i-Ferozshahi]
Explanation: Fautuhat-i-Ferozshahi was authored by Sultan Feroz Shah Tughlaq himself. He was a Turkic
Muslim ruler of the Tughlaq Dynasty, who reigned over the Sultanate of Delhi from 1351 to 1388 A.D.
275.The irrigation tax was charged on the farmers for the first time by which among the following Sultans?
[A] Alauddin Khilji
[B] Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
[C] Mohammad Tughlaq
[D] Firoz Tughlaq
Correct Answer: D [Firoz Tughlaq]
ExplanationFiroz Shah Tughlaq was the cousin brother of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq, and became the
ruler of Delhi on 23rd march 1351 A.D. He imposed only four taxes sanctioned by Islamic viz., kharaj
(land tax), khams (1/5 of the looted property during wars), Jizya (religious tax on the Hindus), and
Zakat (2½per cent of the income of the Muslims which was spent for the welfare of Muslim subjects
and their religion). He imposed irrigation tax after getting it sanctioned from the Ulema.
276.Ibn Batuta was a traveler from which among the following current nations?
[A] Algeria
[B] Morocco
[C] Tunisia
[D] Libya
Correct Answer: B [Morocco]
Explanation: Ibn Batuta was a Moroccan and Berber explorer. He is known for his extensive travels,
accounts of which were published in the Rihla.
277.During the invasion of Mohammed Bin Kasim, many Hindus in Sindh were forcibly converted to Islam.
They were recoverted to Hinduism by the authority of __?
[A] Devala Smriti
[B] Narada Smriti
[C] Visnu Smriti
[D] Yajnavalkya Smriti
Correct Answer: A [Devala Smriti]
Explanation: During the invasion of Mohammed Bin Kasim in ad 712 many Hindus in Sindh were converted
to Islam through questionable means. All of them were reconverted to Hinduism on the authority of Deval
Smriti written by Deval Rishi. Deval smriti writes down rules for reconversion into Hindu fold of the Hindus
forcibly converted into Islam if someone showed his or her desire to be reconverted to Hinduism with due
atonement.
278.Mohammad Ghori was first defeated by which of the following rulers?

[A] Prithviraja Chauhan
[B] Jayachandra
[C] Vidyadhara Chandella
[D] Bhima II
Correct Answer: D [Bhima II]
Explanation: He was defeated by Bhima II, the Solanki ruler of Gujarat in 1178.
279.Which among the following is a correct meaning of office of Qazi-ul-Quzat under the Mughals?
[A] Head of the Finance department
[B] Censor of Public morals
[C] Supreme Authority in Justice
[D] Incharge of charities
Correct Answer: C [Supreme Authority in Justice]
Explanation: Chief judge of the empire Qazi-ul-Quzat was the supreme authority in justice. Since it was
280.The Mahzarnama was promulgated by Emperor Akbar in__?

[A] 1560 A.D.
[B] 1572 A.D.
[C] 1576 A.D.
[D] 1579 A.D.
Correct Answer: D [1579 A.D.]
Explanation: Akbar issued Mahzarnama (or Infallibility Decree) to take all the religious matters into his
own hands. This made him supreme in the religious matters. He issued Mahzarnama to curb the
dominance of Ulema. It was written by Faizi in 1579 A.D.
281.The real name of Afzal Khan, the commander of Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur was __?
[A] Abdullah Bhatari
[B] Samsuddin
[C] Sabar
[D] Muhammad Khan
Correct Answer: A [Abdullah Bhatari]
Explanation: Afzal Khan was a medieval Indian commander who served the Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur,
and fought against Shivaji. He was killed at a meeting with Shivaji and his army was defeated in the Battle
of Pratapgad 1656.
282.The Portuguese built their first fortress in India at __?

[A] Cochin
[B] Goa
[C] Anjidiv
[D] Cannanore
Correct Answer: A [Cochin]
Explanation: The Portuguese build their first fortress in Cochin.
283.Which among the following Mughal Emperor was also known as Roshan Akhtar?
[A] Ahmed Shah

[B] Muhammad Shah
[C] Jahandar Shah
[D] Shah Alam
Correct Answer: B [ Muhammad Shah]
Explanation: Muhammad Shah Rangile also known as Roshan Akhtar, was the Mughal emperor between
1719 and 1748. During his time, Nadir Shah attacked and looted Delhi and took the Peacock Throne with
himself.
284.The lowest in rank in the Maratha infantry was of__?

[A] Nayak
[B] Hawaldar
[C] Zumladar
[D] Hazari
Correct Answer: B [Hawaldar]
Explanation: Hawaldar was the lowest in rank in the Maratha Infantry.
285.Which among the following office was held by the superintendent of port under the Mughals ?
[A] Mutsaddi
[B] Mir-i-Bahar
[C] Tahvildar
[D] Mushrif
Correct Answer: B [Mir-i-Bahar]
Explanation: Administration under Akbar: The Mir-i-Bahar was incharge of customs and boats and ferry
taxes, and port duties in coastal towns.
286.Who among the following was the Sultan at Delhi when the Vijayanagar empire was founded?
[A] Firoz Tughlaq
[B] Sikandar Lodi
[C] Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
[D] Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq
Correct Answer: D [Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq]
Explanation: Vijayanagar was a South Indian Hindu empire, founded in 1336 by Harihara and Bukka during
the region of Sultan of Delhi Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq.
287.Which of the following Rajput rulers is known to have donated for the reconstruction of a mosque?
[A] Mihir Bhoja
[B] Bhoja Parmar
[C] Prithviraj III
[D] Jai Singh Siddharaj
Correct Answer: D [Jai Singh Siddharaj]
Explanation: Jaya Singh Siddharaja , Chalukya King of Gujarat: He was the son of Kama and ascended the
throne in 1094 A.D He gave shelter to many scholars of different religion and castes. He was a Rajput ruler
who gave donation of one lac Baltoras (coins) for rebuilding a mosque in Cambay.
288.Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

[A] Baz Bahadur- Malwa
[B] Sultan Muzaffar Shah-Gujarat
[C] Yusuf Adil Shah-Ahmednagar

[D] Qutub Shah -Golkunda
Correct Answer: C [Yusuf Adil Shah-Ahmednagar]
Explanation: Yusuf Adil Shah was the founder of the Adil Shahi dynasty that ruled the Sultanate of Bijapur.
289.From the times of which among the following Chola rulers, the Gangaikondacholapuram became the
capital of the Chola empire?
[A] Parantaka Chola I
[B] Rajendra Chola I
[C] Kulottunga Chola I
[D] Vikrama Chola
Correct Answer: B [Rajendra Chola I]
Explanation: Gangaikondacholapuram was constructed by Rajendra Chola I to commemorate his
conquest over the chalukyas and other feudatories Kalonga, Gangas, Palas etc .These victories led him to
assume the title Gangaikonda.
290.Which of the following parts were situated on the west coast of South India ?
1. Kaveripattanam
2. Korkai
3. Musiri
4. Tondi
Choose the correct answer from the codes given below.
[A] 1, 2
[B] 2, 3
[C] 3, 4
[D] 2, 3, 4
Correct Answer: C [3, 4]
Explanation: Musiri and Tondi were situated on the west coast of South India.
291.Ibn Battuta, the famous Muslim explorer who came to India during regime of Mohammad Bin
Tughlaq, belonged to which country ?
[A] Afghanistan
[B] Morocco
[C] Iraq
[D] Iran
Correct Answer: B [Morocco]
Explanation: Ibn Battuta was a Muslim Moroccan explorer. He is known for his extensive travels, accounts
of which were published in the Rihla.Battuta is considered one of the greatest travelers of all time. He
came to India during the regime of Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
292.Who among the following rulers had stamped the figure of Goddess Lakshmi on his coins and had his
name inscribed in Nagari Characters ?
[A] Muhammad Ghazni
[B] Muhammad Ghori
[C] Muhammad Bin Tughlaq
[D] Iltutmish
Correct Answer: B [Muhammad Ghori]
Explanation: Muhammad Ghori is known to have adopted the seated goddess Lakshmi type of the coins
of Gahadavalas for circulation in the Gahadavala territories. He got stamped the figure of Goddess
Lakshmi on his coins and had his name inscribed in Nagari Characters.
293.Who among the following defeated Muhammad Ghori near Mount Abu?
[A] Bhimdev Solanki II
[B] Vijaya Dev
[C] Bhimdev Solanki I
[D] None of these
Correct Answer: A [Bhimdev Solanki II]
Explanation: Muhammad of Ghor, Muhammad of Ghori was one of the rulers of the Ghurid dynasty from
the famous house of Sur who were rulers of Ghor for five hundred years. He is cred with laying the
foundation of Muslim domination in India that lasted for several centur
294.Which among the following rulers of the Chola Empire conquered the Maldives during his regime ?
[A] Raja Raja Chola I
[B] Rajendra Chola
[C] Kulothunga Chola I
[D] Vikrama Chola
Correct Answer: A [Raja Raja Chola I]
Explanation: Raja Raja Chola I, popularly known as Raja Raja the Great, is one of the greatest emperors
of the Tamil Chola Empire of India who ruled between 985 and 1014 CE.
295.The death of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb occurred at which among the following places?
[A] Agra
[B] Bijapur
[C] Ahmednagar
[D] Pune
Correct Answer: C [ Ahmednagar ]
Explanation: Aurangzeb had died in Ahmednagar on 20 February 1707 at the age of 88. Unlike other
earlier Mughals, he was buried in a modest open-air grave in Khuldabad, which shows his deep devotion
to his Islamic beliefs.
296. Ghazni was a small principality in

[A] Mongolia
[B] Turkey
[C] Persia
[D] Afghanistan
Correct Answer: [D] Afghanistan
297. Who was the author of Kitab-ul-Hind?

[A] Abu Said
[B] Abul Fazl
[C] Firdausi
[D] AI-Beruni
Correct Answer: [D] AI-Beruni
298. Who is known as the "slave of a slave"?

[A] Muhammad bin Oasim
[B] Mahmud of Ghazni

[C] Ilitutmish
[D] Outbuddin Aibak
Correct Answer: [C] Ilitutmish
299. Who was the first Sultan of Delhi to issue regular currency and to declare Delhi as the capital of his
empire?
[A] Balban
[B] Aram Shah
[C] Nasiruddin Mahmud
[D] IIitutmish
Correct Answer: [D] IIitutmish
300. Who among the following came to India at the instance of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni?
[A] AI-Masudi
[B] AI-Beruni
[C] Sulaiman
[D] Abdul Haq
Correct Answer: [B] AI-Beruni
A Brief Note on Modern Indian History

During the late 16th and the 17th Centuries, the European trading companies in India competed with each
other ferociously. By the last quarter of the 18th Century the English had outdone all others and
established themselves as the dominant power in India. The British administered India for a period of
about two centuries and brought about revolutionary changes in the social, political and the economic
life of the country.
Once the British set their foot solidly on Indian soil, they began the commercial exploitation of the natural
resources of India. By the middle of the 19th Century arrogant exploitation of the people had tried the
patience of the Indians to the limit. The British imperialism reached its zenith between the middle of the
nineteenth century and the First World War. The exploitative policies of the British in India saw the birth
of nationalist agitation against it. With increasing intrusion of aliens in their lives, a group of middle class
Indians formed the Indian National Congress (1885).
The anti-British struggle became truly a mass movement with the arrival of Mahatma Gandhi (1869 -
1948). It was followed by numerous movements against the British rule. With the passage of time and
stubbornness of the Indians the British had come to realize that the day was not far off when they will
have to quit India. Successive campaigns had the effect of driving the British out of India in 1947, but with
independence came the independence of the country into Pakistan.
Freedom Fighters India

His brave deeds earned Vallabhbhai Patel the title of the iron man of India. For his role in the Bardoli
Satyagraha, Patel came to be called the Sardar. Sardar Patel was a famous lawyer but gave up his practice
in order to fight for the freedom of the country. After independence he became the deputy PM of India
and played an important role the integration of India by merging numerous princely states with the Indian
Union.
Indian Independence
The feeling of nationalism had started growing in the minds of Indians as early as the middle of the
nineteenth century but it grew more with the formation of the Indian national Congress in 1885. Though
the Congress started on a moderate platform but with the passage of time and apathetic attitude of the
British government, the national movement began to shape well.
Mahatma Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi was born as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi on 2nd October 1869. He was the most
popular as well as the most influential political and spiritual leaders of India. His contribution to the
freedom struggle of India is priceless and the country owes its independence, partly, to this great man.
The Satyagraha movement, which led to India's independence, was founded by Mahatma Gandhi only.
European Advents
• A Sea route to India was discovered by Vasco da Gama in 1497-1499 AD.
• First arrived at Kappad near Kozhikode in Kerala.
• The ship name was Saint Gabriel, Vasco-da-Gama landed at Kappad.
• He arrived for the second time in 1502 and a third time in 1504.
• Died at Fort Cochin.
• Dom Francisco de Almedia – the first Portuguese governor in the East. The Policy was called “The blue
water policy”.
• In 1507, Portuguese arrived at Madras.
• Albuquerque, greatest Portuguese governor of the East.
• He tried to abolish Sati.
• The Portuguese introduced Agricultural Products.
• In 1604, they introduced Tobacco in Akbar’s court.
• In 1556, they started first Press in India at Goa.
• In 1510, they captured Goa from Sultan of Bijapur.
The Dutch
• In 1602, Dutch East India Company was formed.
• First factory at Masulipattanam in 1605.
• Captured Cochin in 1663.
• In 1741 Battle of Kolachal, Marthandavarma defeated the Dutch.
• Finally defeated by the English in the Battle of Bedara in 1759.
The English and the French
• The English East India Company was founded in 1600 AD by a group of merchants.
• John Company was the earlier name.
• Hector, the first ship reached Surat on 24th August 1606.
• In 1612, the company became a joint stock company.
• Sir Thomas Roe, the first ambassador of James - I landed in Surat.
• Met Jahangir in 1613.
• The French East India Company was founded in 1664 AD.
• Factories were established in Surat and Masulipatnam.
• First Carnatic War between the French and English in 1742. Ended in 1748.
• Second Carnatic War – 1748 to 1754.
• Robert Clive – The Governor of English during the war.
• Third Carnatic War – 1758-1763.
• Battle of Plassey in the year 13th June 1757.
REVOLT OF 1857
Political reasons
• “Doctrine of Lapse – Lord Dalhousie, Governor General of India till 1848 – 1856.
• “Subsidiary Alliance” – Lord Wellesley.
• Takeover of Avadha on ground of ‘Misgovernance’.
• Lord Canning, first viceroy of India in 1858 – 1862 AD gave an announcement to Mughals.
• A large section among army had irregular soldiers and Pindaris.
Economic Reasons
• Corruption uncontrolled and inefficient administrative machinery of the company.
• Racial Discrimination in both military and civil administrations.
• The Revenue system that was introduced took land from cultivation and gave money to the lender.
• De-industrialization in the country.
Military Reasons
• Alien rule – Dispensar of Indian Sepoys.
• In 1854, Post office act as withdrawal of postage facility for Sepoys.
• Foreign Service allowance for Sepoys serving both in Sindh and Punjab.
• Racial discrimination of British against Indian soldiers.
Social and Religious Reasons
• Social discrimination of the British against Indians.
• Through missionaries, spreading Christianity.
• The Government took the decision to tax on temple and mosque lands.
• In 1850, Enactment of Religious Disabilities Act, enabled to convert to ancestral property.
• Opposition to the Indian traditional laws such as Sati, Child Marriage and female infanticide.
Immediate Reasons
• A new Enfield rifle army, introduced by government.
• Indians believed that grease used in cartridges was composed of beef and pig fat.
• Due to usage of cartridges, both Hindu and Muslim sepoys were enraged as it was against their
religion.
Impacts of the Revolt
• British Government control in India was moved to the British Crown.
• Minister of British Government was called the Secretary of State and responsible for India’s
Government.
• The Doctrine of Lapse was withdrawn.
• End of Mughal and Peshwa rule.
• In the army, English soldiers were increased and changes were made in the administration .
Revolt Of 1857 (At A Glance)

Centre Beginning Ending date Indian Leader British
date Suppressor
Delhi 1857 11th May, 1857 20th Sep Bahadur Shah II John Nicholson
‘Zafar’
Kanpur 1857 4th June 1857 6th Dec Nana Sahib, Tantiya Colin Campbell
Tope
Lucknow 4th June 1857 1858 Begum Hazrath Colin Campbell
Mahal
Jhansi 4th June 1857 18th June Rani LaxmiBai Huge Rose
1858
Allahabad 5th June 1857 March 1858 Liyaqat Ali Colonel Neil
Jagadishpur August 1857 Dec 1858 Kunwar and Amir William Taylor
(Bihar) singh and Vineet Eyre.
Governor Generals
Warren Hastings (1772 – 1785 AD):
• The Revenue’s collection was taken over by a company.
• Judicial powers were given to Zamindars.
• In each district, establishment of criminal and civil courts.
• During his period, First Anglo Maratha War (1776-82) ended with the Treaty of Salbai.
• Second Anglo Mysore war (1780 – 84) ended with the Treaty of Mangalore war (1784).
Lord Cornwallis (1786 – 1793 AD)
• Permanent settlement of Bengal (Zamindari System)
• Revenue and criminal courts were re-organized.
Lord Wellesley (1798 – 1805 AD)
• The Subsidiary Alliance system was introduced.
• To train the company’s servants, opened colleges in Calcutta.
• Known as ‘Father of Civil services in India’.
• In 1799, Fourth Anglo – Mysore War, defeated Mysore force under Tipu Sultan.
Lord Minto I (1807 – 1813 AD)
• Treaty of Amritsar was concluded by Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1809).
• In 1813, Charter Act was passed.
Lord William Bentinck (1828 – 1833 AD)
• In 1829, Sati was abolished.
• Increased power of the Magistrate.
• Appointed Indians as Judges.
• Banned Female infanticide and human sacrifice.
• Hindu Law of inheritance reformed.
• In 1833, Charter Act was passed.
• First Governor General of India.
Lord Dalhousie (1848 – 1856 AD)
• Introduced the Doctrine of Lapse.
• In 1853, introduced the first Railway line from Bombay to Thane.
• Setup universities in Calcutta, Bombay and Madras.
• Started competitive examination for Indian civil services.
• In 1854, a Post Office Act was passed.
• In 1856, Hindu Marriage Act was passed.
• The title of ‘Nawab of Carnatic’ was abolished.
Growth of Modern Education in India
First Phase (1758 – 1812)
• During this period, British East India Company was interested in the education of subjects.
• The two minor expectations were
➢ In 1781, set up Calcutta Madrsah by Warren Hastings for the study & teaching of Muslim law and
subjects.
➢ In 1792, Sanskrit college in Varanasi by Jonathan Duncan for study of Hindu law and philosophy.
• Both were designed to help the administration laws in the courts.
Second phase (1813 – 1853)
• Christian Missionaries and humanitarians, to encourage modern education in India.
• In 1813 Charter Act, spent one lakh annually to encourage the learning Indians in India.
• During this phase, two controversies about the nature of education arose.
• In 1844, Lord Hardinge decided to give jobs to Indians who were educated in English schools.
• ‘Downward Filtration theory’ –Education and ideas from the upper classes.
• The policy was continued till the end of British rule.
• In 1854, it was officially abandoned.
Third Phase (1854 – 1900)
• Educational dispatch of 1854 was also called as Wood’s Dispatch.
• Considered as Magna Carta of English education in India.
• Rejected ‘Filtration theory’.
• Established University of Calcutta (Jan 1857) Bombay (Jul 1857), Madras (Sep 1857), Punjab (1882)
and Allahabad (1887).
• Hunter Commission was appointed by Lord Ripon.
Fourth Phase (1901 – 1920)
• In 1902, Lord Curzon appointed Universities Commission under Thomas Raleigh.
• In 1904, Indian Universities Act was passed.
• Criticized by nationalists
• In 1910, department of education was established.
• Lord Chelmsford appointed Saddler Commission, to review the working of Calcutta University.
• Seven new universities were opened. They were Banaras, Mysore, Patna, Aligarh, Dhaka, Lucknow
and Osmania.
• Established Kashi Vidyapeeth and Jamia Milia Islamia.
Fifth Phase (1921 – 1947)
• Officially came under Indian control.
• The number of universities was increased.
• The quality of higher education was improved.
• Established Inter-university board in 1924.
• Achievement in women’s education and education of backward classes.
Hartog Committee (1929)
• Primary education was improved.
• Recommended the policy of consolidation.
• Universities should be improved.
• In 1937, Wardha scheme of Basic Education worked under Zakir Hussain committee.
Sargeant plan of Education (1944)
• Established elementary and high schools.
• Compulsory education for all children under the ages of 6 to 11.
• Academic and Technical, Vocational are two types in high schools.
• Abolished Intermediate courses.
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL UPRISINGS

Brahmo Samaj Movement
• Founder – Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828.
• Established Atmiya Sabha in 1814.
• Sati Pratha, Casteism and advocated widow marriage were criticized.
• Established Vedanta college both in western and Indian and physical sciences also offered.
• He was a Linguist. Lots of languages known, including Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic, English, French, Latin,
Greek and Hebrew.
• Opposed Sanskrit system of education.
• Important leaders- Devendranath Tagore and Keshab Chandra Sen.
• In 1865, Tagore dismissed Keshab.
• Keshab started Sangat Sabha, Prarthana Samaj and Brahmo Samaj of India.
• Founder of Prarthana Sabha – Justice M.G. Ranade.
• Precepts of Jesus – Book written by Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
Arya Samaj
• Founder – Swami Dayanand Saraswati in 1875.
• Sayings – ‘Go back to Vedas’ and ‘India for the Indians’.
• His book ‘Satyarth Prakash’ is a commentary on Veda and he also wrote Veda Bhashya Bhumika and
Veda Bhashya.
• A large number of educational institutions were established. E.g. Gurukulas, DAV school etc.
• Started Suddhi Movement – to convert non-Hindus to Hinduism.
• He is known as Luther of Hinduism.
• In 1866, started Dayanand Anglo Vedic College.
• Started newspaper, ‘Aryaprakash’.
Ramakrishna Mission
• Shri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa (1834 – 1886), born in village Kumarpukur in the Hoogly village of
Bengal.
• His early name ‘Shuddirama Gadhadhar Chatterjee’.
• Vivekananda (1861 – 1903) was the most famous disciple of Ramakrishna.
• Founder of Ramakrishna Mission – Swami Vivekananda (Narendra Dutta as his earlier name) in 1897.
• Attended Parliament of Religions in Chicago on 11 th September, 1893.
• In 1900, he was invited to the Congress.
• In 1899, the mission was shifted to Belur.
• Started two papers as - Prabudha Barat in English and Udbodhana.
• Also called as ‘Patriot Saint of India’ and ‘Cyclonic Hindu’.
• In 1898, Sister Nivedita, an Irish lady was initiated to Brahmacharya by Vivekananda.
Theosophical Society
• Founded by Madame Blavatsky and Col. H.S. Olcott in New York in 1875.
• Shifted his headquarters to Adayar near Madras in 1882.
• His philosophy was inspired by the Upanishads.

• Dr. Annie Besant, came to India in 1893.
• In 1898, she started Central Hindu School at Benaras.
• Later it became Benaras Hindu University under Madan Mohan Malavya in 1916.
• First woman President of INC in 1917.
• Started Home Rule League in 1916 with Dadabhai Naoroji as its President.
Young Bengal Movement
• Founder – Henry Vivian Derozio, teacher in Calcutta Hindu College.
• Derozians are his followers. They attacked old traditions and decadent customs.
• In 1828, Academic Association was initiated.
• Supported women’s education and their rights.
Deva Samaj
• Founder - Shiv Narayan Agnihotri at Lahore in 1887.
• Religion - Deva Shastra, Teaching – Devadharma.
INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT
• On 28th December 1885, Indian National Congress founded on premises of Gokuldas Tejpal School in
Mumbai.
• Presided by W.C.Banerjee and attended by 72 delegates.
• In INC, A.O.Hume played an instrumental role.
• The phases of INC are as follows:
• Moderate Phase (1885 – 1905)
➢ The position of INC was not clear during this phase.
➢ The movement was confined to the educated Indians.
➢ Dadabhai Naoroji was the most important among the leaders.
• Extremist Phase (1905 – 1919)
➢ Lala Lajpat Rai, Bala Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal were the leaders during this phase.
➢ Swaraj government made the call of INC.
• Gandhian Phase (1919 – 1947)
➢ Dominated by the objective of Purna Swaraj.
➢ Dynamic leadership of Gandhi with unique method of non-violence.
Important Movements of Gandhian phase
Khilafat Movement
• The main cause was the defeat of Turkey in the First World War.
• The whole movement was based on Muslims.
• Muslims are India had been upset over British against Turkey.
• Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, M.A. Ansari and Ali brothers were important leaders.
• The Khilafat Committee had been formed on 19 th October 1919.
• Mahatma Gandhi was interested in bringing Hindus and Muslims together.
Non-Cooperation movement
• Under the leadership of Gandhi, INC launched its first innovative protest, Non-Cooperation movement
on 1st August, 1920.
• British courts, offices and all kinds of government run organizations were boycotted.
Quit India Movement
• Also called as August Movement.
• Launched on 8th August, 1942.
• Result of Gandhi’s protest against the return of Sir Stafford Cripps.
• He gave the slogan “Do or Die”.
Significance of Indian National Movement
Rowlett Act (March 1919)
• As per this act, on the basis of suspicion any person could be arrested.
• No petition could be filed against such arrests.
• This act was called as ‘Black Act’.
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (13th April, 1919)
• During the harvest festival, a public meeting was organized in the garden to support Satyagraha.
• General Dyer marched in and opened fire on the crowd without any warning.
• 379 people were killed and 1137 injured in the incident.
Swaraj Party (Jan 1923)
• Suspension of Non-cooperation movement split within Congress in the Gaya session in December
1922.
• Nehru and Chittranjan Das formed a group on 1st January known as Swaraj Party.
Simon Commission (Nov, 1927)
• Sir John Simon was appointed as the Chairman by Government of India Act of 1919.
• All seven members were Englishmen, there was no Indian.
• Lala Lajpat Rai was seriously injured during police lathi charge on 30th October, 1928.
• After one month he passed away.
Poona Act (1932)
• Agreement upon a joint electorate between untouchables and the Hindus.
• Took place at Yerawada jail in Pune on 24th September, 1932.
Cripps Mission (1942)
• Indian Cooperation sent Sir Stafford Cripps to India on 23rd March, 1942.
• Major political parties of the country rejected Cripps proposals.
• “Postdated cheque” as Cripp’s proposals.
The Cabinet Mission (1946)
• Pethick Lawrence, Sir Stafford Cripps and A.V. Alexander were three members of the British cabinet
sent to India on 15th March, 1946.
• Under historic announcement, self-determination and framing of a constitution for India were
conceded.
• It is known as ‘Cabinet Mission’.
Mount Batten Plan (1947)
• Prime Minister Atlee, announced the House of Commons on 20th February, 1947.
• British government transferred power to Indians in June 1948.
• Atlee sent Lord Mountbatten as Viceroy to India.
• Congress and Muslim League approved of him.

• Partition of the country into India and Pakistan came into effect from 15th August, 1947.
Important National leaders
• Shaheed Bhagat Singh (1907 – 1931)
• Mahatma Gandhi (1869 – 1948)
• Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (1889 – 1964)
• Chandrasekhar Azad (1906 – 1931)
• Subhas Chandra Bose (1897 – 1945)
• Dr. Rajendra Prasad (1884 – 1963)
• Sardar Valla Bhai Patel (1875 – 1950)
• Lal Bahadur Shastri (1904 – 1966)
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak (1856 – 1920)
• Gopal Krishna Gokhale (1886 – 1915)
1.4. CULTURE AND HERITAGE
Religion
• Indus Valley civilization is the oldest and the best civilization of the world.
• Vedas are the earliest documents of the human mind.
• Four Vedas – Rig, Sama, Yajur and Atharva Veda.
• Ramayana and Mahabharata are two popular ancient epics.
• Bhagavad Gita – Full of philosophical principles.
• Lord Buddha, addressed that happiness could be gained.
• Hinduism – large number of gods and goddesses besides the ten incarnations of Lord Vishnu.
• Guru Nanak Dev – Founder of Sikhism, preached simplicity, purity of life, and religious tolerance.
• Astrology and Astronomy were popular.
• Aryabhatta – first major mathematician Astronomer.
• He calculated the time of solar eclipse more than 2000 years ago.
• C.V. Raman, Subramanian Chandrasekhar and Venkatraman Ramakrishnan are the Indian Scientists
who won Nobel prizes in the field of science.
Literature
• India has a rich literary heritage.
• Rich Regional literature.
• India- Linguistically diverse community.
• Sanskrit – Prakrit and Ardha Agahi were spoken by the masses.
• During the Mughal rule, Sanskrit was the court language.
• Urdu and Hindustani are common languages in North India.
• The division of society on the basis of caste system.
• Raja Rammohan Roy, Dayanand Saraswati, Paramahamsa Dev, Swami Vivekananda, Rabindranath
Tagore, Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru have contributed to Indian culture.
Music
• Expression of human thoughts and emotions.
• Based on the concept of ragas and tales.
• Two classical Music styles – Carnatic and Hindustani.
• Bhimsen Joshi, M.S. Subhalakshmi, Kishore Amonkar, Ustad Bismillah Khan, Ustad Zakir Hussains are
the Indian musicians who have gained popularity both in India and abroad.
Dance
• Unbroken tradition over 2000 years.
• Themes are derived from mythology, legends and classical literature.
• Two forms of dances – Folk and Classical dance.
• Based on Rasa, Bhava and Abhinaya.
• Five main Classical dances – Bharatanatyam, Kathakali, Manipuri, Kathak and Odissi.
IMPORTANT FACTS
➢ Pre-historic period is called as Stone Age.
➢ Period of Paleolithic age – 5, 00,000 BC – 8000 BC.
➢ Period of Mesolithic age – 8000 BC – 6000 BC.
➢ Period of Neolithic age – 6000 BC – 1000 BC.
➢ Indus Valley Civilization belongs to Bronze Age during 2500 – 1750 BC.
➢ Mohenjo-Daro is the largest building in this civilization.
➢ Period of Aryan and Vedic Age is 1500 BC – 1000 BC.
➢ Four Vedas: Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda and Sama Veda.
➢ Haryanka dynasty was founded by Bimbisara in Magadha.
➢ Bhanananda was the last ruler of Nanda Dynasty.
➢ Rishabadeva was the founder of Jainism.
➢ There were 24 Tirthankaras.
➢ Mahavira was the last Tirthankara.
➢ Guatama Buddha was the founder of Buddhism.
➢ Three types of Buddhism – Mahayana, Hinayana and Vajrayana.
➢ Chandragupta Maurya founded Mauryan Empire during 322 – 185 BC.
➢ Chanakya was the author of Arthashastra.
➢ Sri Gupta was the founder of Gupta period.
➢ The last emperor of North India was Harshavardhana.
➢ Sangam Age is called as ‘Golden Age’.
➢ Three Kingdoms – Chera, Chola and Pandiya.
➢ Vijayanagar Kingdom founded in 1336. Chatrapathi Shivaji was the greatest leader of Marathas.
➢ Vasco da Gama discovered the sea route to India in 1948 AD.
➢ Battle of Plassey - 13th June 1757.
➢ Lord Dalhousie - introduced Doctrine of Lapse policy.
➢ Lord Wellesley – introduced Subsidiary Alliance Policy.
➢ Sati was abolished by Lord William Bentick in 1829.
➢ Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the founder of Brahmo Samaj in 1828.
➢ Arya Samaj founded by Swami Dyayanand Saraswathi.
➢ Dr. Annie Besant came to India in 1893.
➢ Home Rule League started in 1916.
➢ Indian National Congress founded in 1885.
➢ Under the leadership of Gandhiji, Non-cooperation movement launched by INC on 1st August 1920.
➢ Quit India Movement launched on 8th August 1942.
➢ In Jallian Walla Bagh tragedy 379 people were killed and 1137 were injured.
➢ Simon Commission – 1927 by Sir John Simon.
➢ India Got Independence – 15th August 1947.
➢ Ramayana and Mahabharata are the two great ancient epics.
➢ Arya Bhatta was the first astronomer in Independent India.

1. Satyashodhak Samaj whose main aim was to liberate the social Shudra and Untouchables castes from
exploitation and oppression was established by _____?
[A] Rajaram Mohan Rai
[B] Narayan Guru
[C] Mahatma Jyotirao Phule
[D] Lahuji Raghoji Salve
Correct Answer: C [Mahatma Jyotirao Phule]
2. Which of the following date signified attack on Pearl harbor by Japan?

[A] January 7, 1941
[B] December 20, 1941
[C] March 7, 1941
[D] December 7, 1941
Correct Answer: D [December 7, 1941]
3. In which year Nawab of Bengal Sirajuddaula, attacked British Factory in Calcutta?

[A] 1753
[B] 1756
[C] 1759
[D] 1760
4. Which Governor of Madras presidency made treaty of Mangalore with Tipu ?

[A] Eyercoote
[B] Stephenson
[C] Wellesely
[D] Lord Macartany
Correct Answer: D [Lord Macartany]
5. Which among the following terms referred to Free Pass or Duty Free Trade?
[A] Parwana
[B] Nazarana
[C] Dustak
[D] Rahadari
Correct Answer: C [Dustak]
6. In which of the following wars, Rober Clive was one among the prisoners of war?
[A] Carnatic War I
[B] Carnatic War II
[C] Carnatic War III
[D] Seven Years War
Correct Answer: A [Carnatic War I]
7. Which among the following was capital of Independent state of Bengal?

[A] Dacca
[B] Murshidabad
[C] Alinagar
[D] Midnapore
Correct Answer: B [Murshidabad]
8. Who among the following is known to purchase Kashmir from the East India Company for a payment
of 7,500,000 rupees (75 lakh) and was granted the title Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir (by Treaty of
Amritsar) ?
[A] Sher Singh
[B] Duleep singh
[C] Gulab Singh
[D] Lal Singh
Correct Answer: C [Gulab Singh]
9. In which of the following years the custom duties were completely waived for the trade for East India
Company?
[A] 1711
[B] 1715
[C] 1717
[D] 1720
10. During British Era, East India Company had established botanical gardens at 4 locations as centers for
improving botanical knowledge and experimentation under the local Governments. Which among the
following is not among them ?
[A] Lucknow
[B] Poona
[C] Sibpur
[D] Madras
Correct Answer: A [Lucknow]
11. In which of the following years the custom duties were completely waived for the trade for East India
Company?
[A] 1711
[B] 1715
[C] 1717
[D] 1720
12. During British Era, East India Company had established botanical gardens at 4 locations as centers for
improving botanical knowledge and experimentation under the local Governments. Which among the
following is not among them ?
[A] Lucknow
[B] Poona
[C] Sibpur
[D] Madras
Correct Answer: A [Lucknow]
13. Bhoodan Yojna which was a measure of gifting land by the rich landlords to the poor laborers was
initiated by whom among the following?
[A] Acharya Narendra Dev
[B] Acharya Vinoba Bhave
[C] Raj Naraina
[D] Medha patkar
Correct Answer: B [Acharya Vinoba Bhave]
14. Who among the following was the editor of Bengal Gazette or the Calcutta General Advertiser , which
was the first English language newspaper, and first printed newspaper, to be published in the Indian sub-
continent?
[A] Daniel Defoe
[B] Oliver Goldsmith
[C] James Augustus Hickey
[D] David Hume
Correct Answer: C [James Augustus Hickey]
15. Which of the following country was officially declared to be the world’s first atheist state after world
war II?
[A] Algeria
[B] Albania
[C] Croatia
[D] Slovenia
Correct Answer: B [Albania]
16. Founding Partner of which of the following companies of India became first Finance Minister of
Pakistan?
[A] Tata Motors
[B] Mahindra & Mahindra
[C] Larsen & Toubro
[D] Nicholas Piramal
Correct Answer: B [Mahindra & Mahindra]
Explanation: The company was established in Ludhiana in 1945 as Mahindra & Mohammed. Ghulam
Mohammed went to Pakistan and became first Finance Minister of that country.
17. Who among the following viceroys of India wrote a book ” Persia” ?
[A] Lord Elgin
[B] Lord Curzon
[C] Lord Minto
[D] Lord Irwin
Correct Answer: B [Lord Curzon]
18. At the time of Independence of India in 1947, what was women literacy ?
[A] 6%
[B] 8%
[C] 10%
[D] 15%
Correct Answer: B [8%]
19. Who was the first English President of Indian National Congress?
[A] William Wedderburn
[B] George Yule
[C] A O Hume
[D] Henery Cotton
Correct Answer: B [George Yule]
20. Which among the following is not correctly matched?

[A] First Sikh War – Lord Hardinge
[B] Second Sikh War – Lord Dalhousie
[C] Fourth Mysore war – Lord Wellesley
[D] Permanent settlement of Benga-Lord curzon
Correct Answer: D [Permanent settlement of Benga-Lord curzon]
Explanation: Permanent settlement of Bengal – (Lord Cornwallis)
21. Who among the following is known to organize a military force of Sikhs called Khalsa to avenge the
murder of his father thus establishing Khalsa Panth ?
[A] Guru Teg Bahadur
[B] Guru Gobind Singh
[C] Banda Bahadur
[D] Guru Arjun Dev
Correct Answer: B [Guru Gobind Singh]
Explanation: The 9th Guru of Sikhs and father of Guru Gobind Singh , Guru Teg Bahadur was captured and
executed by Aurangazeb in 1675 because he refused to embrace Islam. This made Sikhs resent to the
religious intolerance of Mughal . His son Guru Gobind Singh had raised this military force organized his
followers into the force called Khalsa.
22. In which year first fleet of Dutch reached in India?

[A] 1498
[B] 1510
[C] 1550
[D] 1595
Correct Answer: D [1595]
23. In which of the following sessions of Indian National Congress , our national anthem was first sung 27
December 1911 ?
[A] Lahore
[B] Calcutta
[C] Delhi
[D] Surat
Correct Answer: B [Calcutta]
24. In which of the following months do India and Pakistan exchange their nuke installation lists every
year?
[A] January
[B] February
[C] March
[D] April
Correct Answer: A [January]
25. Which of the following country’s government is known to impose Policy of Apartheid between 1948
and 1994 which curtailed rights of the black inhabitants and maintained rights of whites?
[A] Australia
[B] New Zea Land
[C] South Africa
[D] United States
Correct Answer: C [South Africa]
26. Which among the following acts of United states is known to be prohibiting discrimination based on
race, color, religion, sex, and national origin by federal and state governments as well as some public
places?
[A] Civil Rights Act of 1871
[B] Civil Rights Act of 1960
[C] Civil Rights Act of 1964
[D] Civil Rights Act of 1968
Correct Answer: C [Civil Rights Act of 1964]
27. Which among the following is the highest civilian bravery award?
[A] Bharat Ratna
[B] Paramvir Chakra
[C] Sarvottam Jeevan Raksha Padak
[D] Jeevan Raksha Padak
Correct Answer: C [Sarvottam Jeevan Raksha Padak]
28. The first Industrial Revolution took place in?

[A] England
[B] USA
[C] France
[D] Germany
Correct Answer: A [England]
29. Who was India’s first I.C.S. Officer?

[A] Satyendra Nath Tagore
[B] Sukumar Sen
[C] Uday Singh
[D] Annada Shankar Ray
Correct Answer: A [Satyendra Nath Tagore]
30. In which year unity of Germany became a reality?

[A] 1870
[B] 1871
[C] 1875
[D] 1880
Explanation: On 18 Jan 1871, the King of Prussia was crowned the German emperor of Versailles
31. Who among the following is the first Indian to win a Hoover Prize?
[A] Atal Bihari Vajpayee
[B] APJ Abdul Kalam
[C] Man Mohan Singh
[D] Sonia Gandhi
Correct Answer: B [APJ Abdul Kalam]
32. Which among the following date in world history is known as D-day, a date also known as of Operation
Neptune and Operation Overlord?
[A] 3 March 1943
[B] 6 March 1943
[C] 6 June 1944
[D] 6 June 1945
Correct Answer: C [6 June 1944]
33. Who among the following are known to colonize an island first of all?
[A] Britishers
[B] French
[C] Portuguese
[D] Dutch
Correct Answer: C [Portuguese]
34. Till which year Calcutta was capital of India?

[A] 1912
[B] 1913
[C] 1914
[D] 1915
Explanation: in this year the capital of British India was transferred to Delhi
35. In which century maximum investment was made by the British in Core & Infrastructure sector in
India?
[A] 17th century
[B] 18th century
[C] 19th century
[D] 20th century
Correct Answer: C [19th century]
36. The main objective of British developing India Railway system was to facilitate the traffic between?
[A] Source of raw material and export centers
[B] Source of raw material and ports
[C] Source of raw material and production centers
[D] Source of raw material and markets
Correct Answer: C [Source of raw material and production centers]
37. Who among the following Governor General of India is famous for Sati Reforms & suppression of
human sacrifice?
[A] Lord William Bentinck
[B] Lord Curzon
[C] Lord Rippon
[D] Lord Ellenborough
Correct Answer: A [Lord William Bentinck]
38. Who among the following established Ramakrishna Mission?

[A] Swami Vivekananda
[B] Swami Ashokananda
[C] Swami Nityaswarupananda
[D] Swami Kirtidananda
Correct Answer: A [Swami Vivekananda]
39. Kemal Ataturk is known as founder and builder of Modern_______?

[A] Turkey
[B] Georgia
[C] Syria
[D] Kuwait
Correct Answer: A [Turkey]
40. Poverty and Un-British Rule in India by Dadabhai Naoroji, was the original classic work on poverty in
India. In which year this work was published?
[A] 1900
[B] 1901
[C] 1903
[D] 1905
41. In which year Treaty of Amritsar was signed between Ranjit Singh and East India Company?
[A] 1800
[B] 1803
[C] 1806
[D] 1809
42. During the end of which of the Mughal rulers the Mughal empire faced the problem of jagirdari crisis?
[A] Humayun
[B] Akbar
[C] Jahanagir
[D] Aurangzeb
Hide Answer
43. In which year split in All India Trade Union Congress took place?
[A] 1920
[B] 1925
[C] 1929
[D] 1935
44. Who among the following is known to oppose the Age of consent bill?
[A] Behramji Malabari
[B] Bal Gangadhar Tilak
[C] Mahatma Gandhi
[D] Bipin Chandra Pal
Correct Answer: B [Bal Gangadhar Tilak]
45. For which of the following commodities, the Dutch wanted to barter cotton piece goods in the
Indonesian Archipelago?
[A] Tobacco
[B] Rice
[C] Pepper and Spices
[D] Silk
Correct Answer: C [Pepper and Spices]
46. The dual government of Bengal was result of a farman in 1765 by which of the following?
[A] British
[B] Shah Alam
[C] Nawab Sirajuddaula
[D] Raja Khan
Correct Answer: B [Shah Alam]
47. Who among the following introduced the modern concept of rule in India?
[A] Mughal
[B] British
[C] Portuguese
[D] French
Correct Answer: B [British]
48. During which of the following period the Bharat Ratna awards were discontinued?
[A] 1958-61
[B] 1963-66
[C] 1977-80
[D] 1997-2005
Correct Answer: C [1977-80]
49. Which among the following is oldest?

[A] Border security force
[B] Central Reserve Police Force
[C] Assam Rifles
[D] National Security Guards
Correct Answer: C [Assam Rifles]
50. Which among the following does not correctly denotes the headquarters of Indian Army’s Operational
Command?
[A] Eastern Command – Kolkata
[B] Western Command – Chandimandir
[C] Northern Command – Udhampur
[D] Southern Command – Chennai
Correct Answer: D [Southern Command – Chennai]
Explanation: Southern Command has its headquarters in Pune.
51. Kemal Ataturk is known as founder and builder of Modern_______?

[A] Turkey
[B] Georgia
[C] Syria
[D] Kuwait
Correct Answer: A [Turkey]
52. Poverty and Un-British Rule in India by Dadabhai Naoroji, was the original classic work on poverty in
India. In which year this work was published?
[A] 1900
[B] 1901
[C] 1903
[D] 1905
53. In which year Treaty of Amritsar was signed between Ranjit Singh and East India Company?
[A] 1800
[B] 1803
[C] 1806
[D] 1809
54. During the end of which of the Mughal rulers the Mughal empire faced the problem of jagirdari crisis?
[A] Humayun
[B] Akbar
[C] Jahanagir
[D] Aurangzeb
55. In which year split in All India Trade Union Congress took place?
[A] 1920
[B] 1925
[C] 1929
[D] 1935
56. Who among the following is known to oppose the Age of consent bill?
[A] Behramji Malabari
[C] Mahatma Gandhi
[D] Bipin Chandra Pal
57. For which of the following commodities, the Dutch wanted to barter cotton piece goods in the
Indonesian Archipelago?
[A] Tobacco
[B] Rice
[C] Pepper and Spices
[D] Silk
Correct Answer: C [Pepper and Spices]
58. The dual government of Bengal was result of a farman in 1765 by which of the following?
[A] British
[B] Shah Alam
[C] Nawab Sirajuddaula
[D] Raja Khan
Correct Answer: B [Shah Alam]
59. Who among the following introduced the modern concept of rule in India?
[A] Mughal
[B] British
[C] Portuguese
[D] French
Correct Answer: B [British]
60. During which of the following period the Bharat Ratna awards were discontinued?
[A] 1958-61
[B] 1963-66
[C] 1977-80
[D] 1997-2005
61. Which among the following is oldest?

[A] Border security force
[B] Central Reserve Police Force
[C] Assam Rifles
62. Which among the following does not correctly denotes the headquarters of Indian Army’s Operational
Command?
[A] Eastern Command – Kolkata
[B] Western Command – Chandimandir
[C] Northern Command – Udhampur
[D] Southern Command – Chennai
Correct Answer: D [Southern Command – Chennai]
Explanation: Southern Command has its headquarters in Pune
63. The MIG series of Super fighters have come to India from which of the following ________ ?
[A] Russia
[B] USA
[C] UK
[D] France
Correct Answer: A [Russia]
64. During the world war II which among the following was not a major Axis Power?
[A] Germany
[B] Japan
[C] Hungary
[D] France
Correct Answer: D [France]
65. In which year Calcutta Flag designed by Sachindra Prasad Bose unfurled in Calcutta?
[A] 1904
[B] 1905
[C] 1906
[D] 1907
66. Which among the following in Goa houses the mortal remains of St. Francis Xavier?
[A] Se Cathedral
[B] Basilica of Bom Jesus
[C] Church of St. Anne
[D] S. Caetano
Correct Answer: B [Basilica of Bom Jesus]
67. In which of the following states of India, the earliest settlements of Jews are found
[A] Kerala
[B] Tamil nadu
[C] Punjab
[D] Haryana
Correct Answer: A [Kerala]
68. Which year is known for India’s Smiling Buddha?

[A] 1970
[B] 1972
[C] 1974
[D] 1975
69. Seventeen Point Agreement” was a turning point in the history of which of the following neighbors of
India?
[A] Bhutan
[B] Bangaldesh
[C] Nepal
[D] Tibet
Correct Answer: D [Tibet]
70. During whose era the Agra Canal was finished?

[A] Akbar
[B] Jahangir
[C] Bahadurshah Jafar
[D] Birtish period
Correct Answer: D [Birtish period]
71. Who among the following is given credit of starting agitation for political reforms ?
[A] Tantia Tope
[B] Kunwar singh
[C] Nan Sahib
[D] Raja Rammohan Roy
Correct Answer: D [Raja Rammohan Roy]
72. Which of the following Union Territory of India was occupied by Japan during World War II?
[A] Lakshadweep
[B] Goa, Daman & Diu
[C] Pondicherry Union
[D] Andaman & Nocobar Islands
Correct Answer: D [Andaman & Nocobar Islands]
73. Raja Rammohun Roy Library Foundation (RRRLF) was established in May, 1972 by the Department of
Culture, Govt. of India to spread library services all over the country in cooperation with State
Governments, Union Territory Administrations and Organization working in the field. Where are the
headquarters of Raja Rammohun Roy Library Foundation?
[A] Kolkata
[B] Mumbai
[C] Madras
[D] Hyderabad
Correct Answer: A [Kolkata]
74. Tilak Swarajya Fund was started to finance which of the following movements?
[A] Civil Disobedience Movement
[B] Non-Cooperation Movement
[C] Champaran Satyagraha
[D] Rowlatt Satyagraha
Correct Answer: B [Non-Cooperation Movement]
75. In which of the following sessions Mahatma Gandhi became president of INC?
[A] Delhi
[B] Gaya
[C] Belgaum
[D] Lucknow
Correct Answer: C [Belgaum]
76. In which year a British Committee of INC was founded?

[A] 1885
[B] 1887
[C] 1889
[D] 1891
77. Which of the following is related to Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit pathshala?

[A] First Meeting of Indian National Congress
[B] Second Session of Indian National Congress
[C] First fast of Gandhi Ji
[D] First Ashram of Gandhi Ji
Correct Answer: A [First Meeting of Indian National Congress]
Explanation: The First meeting of the INC was organized by A 0 Hume at Gokaldas Tejpal Sanskrit College
on 28thDecember 1885 (Bombay). Its first President was W C Bonnerjee. It was the first organized
expression of the Indian National movement on an all-India scale.
78. Which among the following formulated a Dominion Status Constitution for India?
[A] Fourteen Points of Jinnah
[B] Nehru Report
[C] Butler Report
[D] Simon commission
Correct Answer: B [Nehru Report]
79. Who among the following were the most vocal opponents of Ilbert Bill?
[A] Zamindars of Bengal & Bihar
[B] Advocates and legal practitioners of Kolkata
[C] British tea and indigo plantation owners in Bengal
[D] British Army Officials
Correct Answer: C [British tea and indigo plantation owners in Bengal]
80. In which of the following sessions Indian National Congress was split between two groups moderates
and extremists?
[A] Surat
[B] Lucknow
[C] Delhi
[D] Bombay
Correct Answer: A [Surat]
Explanation: Surat Split 1907. please note this session was originally planned for Nagpur
81. Who among the following chaired a committee of the All Parties Conference, which presented Nehru
Report in 1928?
[A] Jawahar Lal Nehru
[B] Moti Lal Nehru
[C] Bhim Rao Ambedkar
[D] Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Correct Answer: B [Moti Lal Nehru]
82. Who among the following gave communal award?

[A] Ramsay Macdonald
[B] S Baldwin
[C] Llyod George
[D] Winston Churchill
Correct Answer: A [Ramsay Macdonald]
Explanation: The Communal Award was announced by the British Prime Minister Ramsay Macdonald in
August 1932 to grant separate electorates to minority communities, including Muslims, Sikhs, and Dalit
83. Collection of land revenue through Zamindars on behalf of the east India Company was called as __?
[A] Land Reforms
[B] Jageerdari
[C] Permanent settlement
[D] Ryotwari
Correct Answer: C [Permanent settlement]
84. May 11, 1857 is known for which of the following incidence in Indian History?
[A] The 3rd Light Cavalry of the British East India Company’s army rebels against its British officers, thus
beginning the rebellion
[B] Indian combatants capture Delhi from the East India Company
[C] Three universities are established in British India.
[D] Execution of Mangal pandey
Correct Answer: B [Indian combatants capture Delhi from the East India Company]
85. Headquarters of “Anusheelan Samiti” is located at:

[A] Mumbai
[B] Pune
[C] Kolkata
[D] Varnasi
Correct Answer: C [Kolkata]
86. Consider the following incidences:

1. Foundation of Muslim league
2. Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre
3. Khilafat Movement
4. Civil Disobedience Movement
Arrange the above in Correct Chronological order:
[A] 1,2,3,4
[B] 1,3,2,4
[C] 2,1,3,4
[D] 2,4,1,3
Correct Answer: A [1,2,3,4]
Explanation:
Muslim league 1906,
Jallianwallla Bagh 13.4.1919,
Khilafat Movement 1919-1924,
Civil Disobedience 1930
87. Which among the following universities were not set up under Sadler Commission of 1917?
1. Patna University
2. Osmania University
3. Aligarh Muslim University
[A] 1 only
[B] 2 only
[C] 1 & 2 only
[D] 1, 2, 3 all were set up under Sadler Commission of 1917
Correct Answer: D [1, 2, 3 all were set up under Sadler Commission of 1917]
88. In which year General committee of Public Instruction was replaced by a Council of education?
[A] 1836
[B] 1841
[C] 1856
[D] 1878
89. Who among the following made English the court language replacing the Persian Language?
[A] Lord Macaulay
[B] Lord Bentick
[C] Charles Wood
[D] Lord Curzon
Correct Answer: B [Lord Bentick]

1. The charter act of 1813 allowed the Christian missionaries to spread their religious ideas in India.
2. The East India Company , for the first time acknowledged the state responsibility for promotion of
Education India
Which among the above statements are correct ?
[A] 1 only
[B] 2 only
[C] Both 1 & 2
91. Which among the following suspended the Non cooperation movement?
[A] Jallianwala Bagh Incident
[B] Chauri Chaura Incident
[C] Peterloo massacre of 1819,

Correct Answer: B [Chauri Chaura Incident]
92. During tenure of which of the following all high Indian officials were dismissed and all posts worth
more than £500 a year were reserved for Europeans?
[A] Lord Dalhousie
[B] Lord Curzon
[C] Lord Wellesley
[D] Lord Cornwallis
Correct Answer: D [Lord Cornwallis]
Explanation: He is known for beginning of Indian Civil Service and Europeanization of Higher postings
93. In which year First Roundtable conference on Kashmir was held in New Delhi ?
[A] 2002
[B] 2004
[C] 2005
[D] 2006
Explanation: The first-round table conference on Kashmir was held on 25th May 2006 under prime
minister man Mohan Singh.
94. Which of the following administers Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding,
instituted by Government of India?
[A] Indian Council of Social Science Research
[B] Indian Council for Cultural Relations
[C] Jawahar Lal Nehru University
[D] Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
Correct Answer: B [Indian Council for Cultural Relations]
95. In which of the following gives International Gandhi Award?

[A] Government of India
[B] Gandhi Memorial Leprosy Foundation
[C] United nations
[D] Gandhi Foundation
Correct Answer: B [Gandhi Memorial Leprosy Foundation]
Explanation: To commemorate Mahatma Gandhi’s service and scientific approach to leprosy, in 1986 the
Gandhi Memorial Leprosy Foundation instituted the International Gandhi Award
96. The battle of Aliwal was fought between which of the following?
[A] English and Marathas
[B] English and Nawab of Awadh
[C] English and Sikhs
[D] English and Tipu Sultan
Correct Answer: C [English and Sikhs]
97. My Country My Life” is an autobiography of which of the following leaders?

[A] Dr. R venkatramanan
[B] Lal Krishna Advani
[C] AB Vajpayee
[D] APJ Abdul Kalam
Correct Answer: B [Lal Krishna Advani]
98. In which year Government of India launched the International Gandhi Peace Prize ?
[A] 1990
[B] 1992
[C] 1995
[D] 1996
Explanation: 1995 on the occasion of the 125th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.
99. Pingali Venkaya is related to which of the following?

[A] Indian Army
[B] India’s National Flag
[C] India’s National Anthem
[D] India’s Constitution
Correct Answer: B [India’s National Flag]
Explanation: Tricolor flag was first accepted by Indian National Congress in 1931. It had charkha in the
center of the white band which was later replaced by Wheel taken from Sarnath Asoka pillar. The design
of the national flag was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 22 July 1947. In the constituent
assembly, Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the head of the Ad hoc committee on National Flag. The flag was
designed by Pingali Venkayya.
100. Which among the following is not a Book By Jawahar Lal Nehru?
[A] The Question of Language
[B] Where are we?
[C] The Unity of India
[D] Freedom in Exile
Correct Answer: D [Freedom in Exile]
Explanation: Freedom in Exile is an autobiography of Dalai Lama
101. Which of the following is NOT a correct statement with respect to Surendranath Banerjee?
[A] He was co-founder of Indian National Association
[B] He was founder of Ripon College in Kolkata
[C] He is known to have evolved National Consciousness as a formal concept
[D] He co-founded Sadharan Brahmo Samaj with Anandmohan Bose
Correct Answer: D [ He co-founded Sadharan Brahmo Samaj with Anandmohan Bose]
Explanation: The fourth statement is not correct. Banarejee had co-founded Indian National Association
with Anandmohan Bose but was not related to Sadharan Brahmo Samaj which was created by Bose along
with Shibnath Shastri, Sib Chandra Deb, Umesh Chandra Dutta etc.
102.The Cartaz system with reference to naval trade was used by which of the following?
[A] Dutch
[B] French
[C] English
[D] Portuguese
Correct Answer: D [ Portuguese]
Explanation: Cartaz system referred to a naval trade license or pass issued by the Portuguese in Indian
ocean during the sixteenth century. A similar system used by British was navicert system in 20th century.
103. In 1835 the Cacher Levy with about 750 men was raised to counter the tribal raids. It is known with
which of the following names today?
[A] Central Reserve Police Force
[B] Rajputana Rifles
[C] Assam Rifles
104. In the wake of the Chinese aggression in 1962, which of the following squadron was formed to
strengthen our supply lines to the Army in the Northern Sector encompassing J&K; and Ladakh regions?
[A] 25 Squadron (Himalayan Eagles)
[B] No 44 Squadron (Mighty Jets)
[C] No. 43 Squadron (Nabhasa Jivan Dhara)
[D] 41 Squadron (Otters)
Correct Answer: A [25 Squadron (Himalayan Eagles)]
105. Demand for Pakistan was raised by Mohammed Ali Jinnah in which of the following years?
[A] 1938
[B] 1940
[C] 1942
[D] 1944
Explanation: In 1940 at Lahore Session of Muslim League Demand for Pakistan was raised by Mohammed
Ali Jinnah
106. At which of the following places held was held the All India Khilafat Conference in 1919?
[A] Lahore
[B] Mumbai
[C] Delhi
[D] Dhaka
Correct Answer: C [Delhi]
107. Which among the following event is related to Attack on Lord Hardinge?
[A] Ghadar Conspiracy
[B] Hindu German Conspiracy
[C] Delhi Conspiracy
[D] Silk Letter Conspiracy
Correct Answer: C [Delhi Conspiracy]
108. Which of the following revolutionaries has written Bandi Jeevan?

[A] Chandra Shekhar Azad
[B] Sachindra Nath Sanyal
[C] Ras Behari Bose

[D] Bhagat Singh
Correct Answer: B [Sachindra Nath Sanyal]
109. Which among the following is not correctly matched?

[A] Khond Uprising : Chakra Bisoi
[B] Khonda Dora Campaign : Korra Mallaya
[C] Bhuyan & Juang Rebellion : ratna patnayak
[D] All are correctly matched
Correct Answer: D [All are correctly matched]
110. Which among the following state is related to Moplah Rebellion?

[A] Kashmir
[B] Kerala
[C] Orissa
[D] Assam
Correct Answer: B [Kerala]
Explanation: The Moplah Rebellion or the Malabar Rebellion was an extended version of the Khilafat
Movement in Kerala in 1921. The Government had declared the Congress and Khilafat meetings illegal.
So, a reaction in Kerala began against the crackdown of the British in Eranad and Valluvanad taluks of
Malabar. But the Khilafat meeting incited so much communal feelings among the Muslims peasants ,
known as Moplahs, that it turned out to become an antihindu movement from July 1921 onwards. The
violence began and the Moplahs attacked the police stations and took control of them. They also seized
the courts, and the government treasuries. It became a communal riot when the kudiyaan or tenant
Moplahs attacked their Hindu jenmis or landlords and killed many of them. Thus the Hindu Landlords
became the victims of the atrocities of the Moplahs.
112. Who among the following was the founder of Bihar Vidyapeeth?
[A] Abdul kalam Azad
[B] Dr. Rajendra Prasad
[C] Lok Manya Tilak
[D] JB Kriplani
Correct Answer: B [Dr. Rajendra Prasad]
Explanation: Dr. Rajendra Prasad Established Bihar Vidyapeeth with Mahatma Gandhi and Maulana
Majharul Haq in 1921
113. Boycott of British Goods is related to which of the following?

[A] Swadeshi Movement
[B] Quit India Movement
[C] Non Cooperative Movement
[D] Home Rule Movement
Correct Answer: A [Swadeshi Movement]
114. Which among Mountbatten plan, CR Formula, Wavell Plan and Cabinet Mission is chronologically
earliest?
[A] CR Formula
[B] Wavell Plan
[C] Cabinet mission

[D] Mountbatten Plan
Correct Answer: A [CR Formula]
Explanation:
CR Formula-1944
Wavell Plan-1945
Cabinet mission-1946
Mountbatten Plan-1947
115. In which year the first nationwide non cooperation movement was launched in India?
[A] 1910
[B] 1915
[C] 1920
[D] 1925
116. Who among the following founded “National Herald”?
[A] Bal Gangadhar Tilak
[B] Mahatma Gandhi
[C] Jawahar Lal Nehru
[D] Indira Gandhi
Correct Answer: C [Jawahar Lal Nehru]
117. Great Game’ is a term used for the strategic rivalry and conflict between which of the following ?
[A] British Empire and Russian Empire
[B] British Empire and French Empire
[C] British Empire and Portuguese Empire
[D] British Empire and Chinese Empire
Correct Answer: A [British Empire and Russian Empire]
118. Which among the following is not correct about C. R. Formula given by C Rajgopalachari?
[A] It favored talks with Jinnah and the Muslim League
[B] It plebiscite among Muslims weather they should form a separate state
[C] It formed the basis of the 1944 Gandhi-Jinnah talks
[D] All are correct
Explanation: Objective of the C R Formula was to solve the political deadlock between the All India Muslim
League and Indian National Congress. League’s position was that the Muslims and Hindus of British India
were of two separate nations and hence the Muslims had the right to their own nation. The Congress was
opposed to the idea of partitioning India. The Core principle of the CR Formula was a proposal for the
Congress to offer the League the Muslim Pakistan based on plebiscite of all the peoples in the regions
where Muslims made a majority.
119. Which of the following movement was started to support Muslim resentment against ottoman
Empire Policy of British?
[A] Moplah Riots
[B] Khilafat Movement
[C] Reshmi Rumal Movement
[D] Ghadar Conspiracy
Correct Answer: B [Khilafat Movement]
Explanation: The Khilafat Movement (1919-20 ) was essentially a movement to express Muslim support
for the Caliph of Turkey against the allied powers particularly Britain.
120. Which among the following is not correct about VD savarkar?

[A] He is considered a central figure in the Hindu nationalist Movement
[B] He supported and took part in the Quit India struggle in 1942
[C] He founded a revolutionary organization called Mitra Mela
[D] He was one of those accused in the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi
Correct Answer: B [He supported and took part in the Quit India struggle in 1942]
Explanation: Serving as the president of the Hindu Mahasabha, Savarkar endorsed the ideal of India as a
Hindu Rashtra and controversially opposed the Quit India struggle in 1942
121. Which among the following statements is not correct?

[A] Phoenix Ashram was founded by Mahatma Gandhi
[B] Life Divine is a work of Aurobindo Ghosh
[C] in 1765 British acquired the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa
[D] All are correct
122. Bring out the wrong statements?

[A] Leo Tolstoy was one of the people who influenced Gandhi Ji very Much
[B] Religious and socials reforms contributed a lot to develop nationalism in India
[C] The main purpose of Crips Mission was to form constituent assembly
[D] All are correct
123. Bring out the Incorrect Statements?

[A] Purna Swarajya Resolution was adopted by INC in Lahore Session
[B] Gopal Krishna Gokhle was founder of ‘Servants of India Society”
[C] The Chittagong Armory raid and temporary capture of port town were organized under Surya Sen
[D] All are correct
124. ‘Yudh Abhyas is a millitary exercise between:

[A] India – UK
[B] India – USA
[C] India – Russia
[D] India – Israel
Correct Answer: B [India – USA]
125. Which among the following is the leaders of China’s socio-political programs ‘Great Leap Forward’
and the ‘Cultural Revolution’?
[A] Zeng Qinghong
[B] Wang Zuo
[C] Mao Zemin
[D] Mao Zedong
Correct Answer: D [Mao Zedong]
126. Which among the following sentences is not correct?

[A] British army was defeated in the first Anglo-Maratha War
[B] The Second Anglo-Mysore War was concluded by Treaty of Wadgaon
[C] Hyder Ali Died in the Second Anglo-Mysore war
[D] Third Anglo Mysore war led to the Treaty of Seringpatnam
Correct Answer: B [The Second Anglo-Mysore War was concluded by Treaty of Wadgaon]
Explanation: The Second Anglo-Mysore War was concluded by Treaty of Mangalore
127. For how many times Mahatma Gandhi was nominated for Nobel Peace Prize ?
[A] 3
[B] 4
[C] 5
[D] He never nominated
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize five times between 1937 and
1948 but never received the prize, being assassinated on 30 January 1948 two days before the closing
date for the 1948 Peace Prize nominations.
128. Who was the first recipient of Dada Saheb Phalke Award?
[A] Prithviraj kapoor
[B] Raj kapoor
[C] Devika Rani
[D] Guru Dutt
Correct Answer: C [Devika Rani]
129. Which among the following is not a work of Rabindranath Tagore?

[A] The Gardner
[B] Gitanjali
[C] King of Dark Chamber
[D] All of the above are works of Rabindranath Tagore
Correct Answer: D [All of the above are works of Rabindranath Tagore]
130. Lord Clement Atlee was prime minister of England at which of the following events?
[A] Simon Commission
[B] Government of India Act 1935
[C] Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre
[D] India’s Independence
Correct Answer: D [India’s Independence]
131.” Hindus and Muslims form one nation in India. They are two eyes of India; Injure one and you injure
the other” whose thoughts were these?
[A] Mahatma Gandhi
[B] Mohammed Iqbal
[C] Sir Sayed Ahmad Khan
[D] Jinnah
Correct Answer: C [Sir Sayed Ahmad Khan]
132. In which of the following states the influence of the ” Ahrar movement (1931)” was mostly confined
to ?
[A] Punjab
[B] Sindh
[C] Bengal
[D] Madras
Correct Answer: A [Punjab]
133. Who among the following imposed Press censorship?

[A] Lord William Bentinck
[B] Lord Curzon
[C] Lord Wellesley
[D] Lord Rippon
Correct Answer: C [Lord Wellesley]
Explanation: In 1799 Lord Wellesley promulgated the Press Regulations, which had the effect of imposing
pre-censorship on an infant newspaper publishing industry.
134. Sarda Act which was sponsored by Harbilas Sarda to the British India Legislature in India was passed
on 28 September 1929. This act was to prevent which of the following malice in Indian Society ?
[A] Sati System
[B] Child marriage
[C] Dowry System
[D] Widow remarriage
Correct Answer: B [Child marriage]
135. Year 1674 AD marks which of the following important events of life of Shivaji ?
[A] Shivaji’s Coronation
[B] Treaty of Purander
[C] Battle of surat
Correct Answer: A [Shivaji’s Coronation]
Explanation: Shivaji was formally crowned Chhatrapati (meaning lord of the umbrella, the umbrella being
an important symbol of royalty), on June 6, 1674 at Raigad fort, and given the title Kshatriya Kulavantas
Sinhasanadheeshwar Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
136. Who was prime Minister of England when Simon Commission came to India to review the working
of Government of India Act 1919?
[A] Stanley Baldwin
[B] David Lloyd Georg
[C] Ramsay MacDonald
[D] Minto
Correct Answer: A [Stanley Baldwin]
137. Who among the following was a member of Simon Commission who subsequently became the
British Prime Minister and later was to oversee the granting of independence to India & Pakistan in 1947?
[A] Winston Churchill
[B] Neville Chamberlain
[C] Clement Attlee

[D] Lord Mountbatten
Correct Answer: C [Clement Attlee]
138. Adi Granth” was compiled by which of the following Sikh Guru’s in India?
[A] Guru Amardas
[B] Guru Arjun Dev
[C] Guru Ram das
Correct Answer: B [Guru Arjun Dev]
139. Who among the following was Commander-in-Chief, India, between 1902 and 1909 noted for large-
scale reforms, the greatest of which was the merger of the three armies of the Presidencies into a unified
force?
[A] Sir Charles Monro
[B] Lord Kitchener
[C] Beauchamp Duff
[D] Canning
Correct Answer: B [Lord Kitchener]
Explanation: Lord Kitchener, also known for Reconstruction of the disorganized Indian Army against the
wishes of the viceroy Lord Curzon.
140. Indian National Congress was founded during whose term among the following in 1885?
[A] Lord Canning
[B] Lord Dufferin
[C] Lord Curzon
[D] Lord Bentick
Correct Answer: B [Lord Dufferin]
141. Which among the following is Not true about C. Rajagopalachari?

[A] He served as Last Governor-General of India
[B] He served as the Premier of the Bombay Presidency
[C] He founded swatantra party
[D] All are correct
Correct Answer: B [He served as the Premier of the Bombay Presidency]
Explanation: He served as Premier of Madras presidency and Governor of West Bengal.
142. Which among the following is NOT correctly matched?

[A] 1929 : Bhagat Singh Threw Bomb at Central Assembly House
[B] 1930: Simon Commission came to India
[C] 1931: Second Round table Conference
[D] All are correct
Correct Answer: B [1930: Simon Commission came to India]
Explanation: Simon commission came to India in 1928
143. Who among the following is related to” Servants of India Society”?
[A] Gopal Krishna Gokhle
[B] Dadabhai Nauroji
[C] Raja Ram Mohan roy

[D] Mahatma Gandhi
Correct Answer: A [Gopal Krishna Gokhle]
Explanation: Servants of India Society was founded in 1915 by Gopal Krishna Gokhale to build a dedicated
group of people for social service and reforms. In the field of famine relief, union organisation,
cooperatives and uplift of tribals and depressed, the Society did commendable work.
144. Which of the following policy was launched in 1992 just after the end of the cold war, following the
collapse of the Soviet Union?
[A] Economic Liberalization
[B] Look East Policy
[C] National Population Policy
[D] National Policy on Education
Correct Answer: B [Look East Policy]
Explanation: India’s Look East Policy was for the first time pursued by Narsimharao Government in 1992.
Under this policy, India focused its attention toward South-East Asia, which was long neglected during the
Cold war period. This policy was further cemented by successive prime ministers and now converted into
“Act East Policy” by the current government.
145. Where did Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose established provisional Government of Free India ?
[A] Singapore
[B] Rangoon
[C] Malaysia
[D] Germany
Correct Answer: A [Singapore]
Explanation: On 21st October 1943, Subhash set up the Provisional Government of Free India in
Singapore.
146. Vinoba Bhave was the first person to offer satyagraha. In which year he offered individual
satyagraha?
[A] 1939
[B] 1940
[C] 1941
[D] 1942
Explanation: The Congress was in a confused state again after the August Offer. The radicals and leftists
wanted to launch a mass Civil Disobedience Movement, but here Gandhi insisted on Individual
Satyagraha. The Individual Satyagraha was not to seek independence but to affirm the right of speech.
• The other reason of this Satyagraha was that a mass movement may turn violent and he would not like
to see the Great Britain embarrassed by such a situation. This view was conveyed to Lord Linlithgow by
Gandhi when he met him on September 27, 1940.
The non-violence was set as the centerpiece of Individual Satyagraha. This was done by carefully selecting
the Satyagrahis.
• The first Satyagrahi selected was Acharya Vinoba Bhave, who was sent to Jail when he spoke against the
war.
• Second Satyagrahi was Jawahar Lal Nehru.
• Third was Brahma Datt, one of the inmates of the Gandhi’s Ashram.
They all were sent to jails for violating the Defense of India Act. This was followed by a lot of other people.
But since it was not a mass movement, it attracted little enthusiasm and in December 1940, Gandhi
suspended the movement. The campaign started again in January 1941, this time, thousands of people
joined and around 20 thousand people were arrested.
147. Who among the following is / are credited for founding of the Indian National Congress?
[A] A.O. Hume
[B] A.O. Hume and Dinshaw Edulji Wacha
[C] Dadabhai Nauroji, A.O. Hume and Dinshaw Edulji Wacha
Correct Answer: C [Dadabhai Nauroji, A.O. Hume and Dinshaw Edulji Wacha]
148. At which of the following sessions of Congress the resolution of Poorna Swaraj was passed?
[A] Bombay
[B] Luckonw
[C] Lahore
[D] Karachi
Correct Answer: C [Lahore]
Explanation: In the Lahore session of December 1929, Congress passed the Poorna Swaraj resolution. It
was the same session in which Jawaharlal Nehru was elected as president of the Congress
149. Under Government of India Act 1935, Congress contested elections in which year?
[A] 1936
[B] 1937
[C] 1938
[D] 1939
150. Which among the following place related to salt agitation?

[A] Palampur
[B] Dharsana
[C] Mehsana
Correct Answer: B [Dharsana]
151. Violence in Burma leads to the rebellion of Saya San was a result of which of the following?
[A] Government of India Act 1919
[B] Simon commission
[C] Government of India Act 1909
[D] Government of India Act 1935
Correct Answer: B [Simon commission]
152. Which among the following was the most important reason of objection to Simon Commission by
Indian nationalists?
[A] There was No Indian member in Simon Commission
[B] Inexperienced people were sent to look into the state of Indian constitutional affairs
[C] Both 1 & 2
Correct Answer: A [There was No Indian member in Simon Commission]
153. Who among the following was greeted with Hartals when he visited India in November 1921?
[A] Prince of wales
[B] Elizabeth II
[C] Edward VIII
[D] Simon commission
Correct Answer: A [Prince of wales]
154. Champaran Satyagraha was the first to be started but the word Satyagraha was used for the first
time in which of the following?
[A] Anti Rowlatt agitation
[B] agitation against Simon Commission
[C] Amritsar Massacre of 1919
[D] Non-cooperation movement
Correct Answer: A [Anti Rowlatt agitation]
155. Which of the following dispute made Gandhi ji to undertake a fast for the first time?
[A] Minto-Morley Reforms
[B] Ahmedabad Mill Strike
[C] Punjab Unrest
[D] Poona pact
Correct Answer: B [Ahmedabad Mill Strike]
156. The impact of the first world war drew two classes of Indian society into the national movement.
Who were they?
[A] Hindu & Muslims
[B] Peasants and Business groups
[C] Middle Class and educated groups
[D] Sepoys
Correct Answer: B [Peasants and Business groups]
157. Which among the following was a reason of eruption of Farazi Movement?
[A] attacks of Christian Missionaries on Islam
[B] Oppression caused by Hindu Money lenders
[C] Oppressive Policy of the Company towards Muslim Tenants
Correct Answer: C [Oppressive Policy of the Company towards Muslim Tenants]
158. Which among the following may not be called a consequence of 1857 revolts?
[A] European Troops were increased in India
[B] Different Classes of Sepoys were mixed
[C] Doctrine of lapse
[D] Hindu’s & Muslims began to be appeased equally
Correct Answer: D [Hindu’s & Muslims began to be appeased equally]
159. The play Neeldarpan is associated with?

[A] Santhal Hool
[B] Indigo revolt
[C] Pabna Riots

[D] Deccan riots
Correct Answer: B [Indigo revolt]
Explanation: Neel Darpan was a Bengali play written by Dinabandhu Mitra in 1858–1859. The play was
essential to Nilbidraha, or Indigo revolt of February–March 1859 in Bengal, when farmers refused to sow
indigo in their fields as a protest against exploitative farming under the British Raj.
160. Who among the following attained martyrdom in jail while on hunger strike?
[A] Jatin Mukherjee
[B] Jatin Das
[C] Sachin Sanyal
[D] chandra shekar Azad
161. In which year Hindu mahasabha was established?

[A] 1910
[B] 1915
[C] 1916
[D] 1918
Explanation: Hindu Mahasabha was founded in 1915 by Madan Mohan Malviya.It worked with Arya Samaj
and other Hindu organizations. It was directly link with Rashtriya Swam Sevak Sangh founded in 1925 at
Nagpur by K.B.Hegewar.The first All India Hindu Mahasabha Conference was organized at Hardwar in
1915. The Sabha ecame more aggressive after 1929 and started propagating Hindu Rashtra which was
totally differ from Gandhiji’s Ram Rajya.
162. Who among the following has written Gandhi’s Emissary ?

[A] Arun Shourie
[B] Ajoy Bose
[C] Sudhir Gosh
[D] Kunwar singh
Correct Answer: C [Sudhir Gosh]
163. Treaty of yabandu is related to which of the following states ?

[A] Punjab
[B] Assam
[C] Karnataka
[D] Odisha
Correct Answer: B [Assam]
164. Raja Wodeyar founded which of the following Kingdoms?

[A] Mysore
[B] Vellore
[C] Vijaynagar
[D] Bahamani
Correct Answer: A [Mysore]
165. The East India Company was given a permission to set up a factory in Masulipattanam in which yea
[A] 1610
[B] 1613
[C] 1615
[D] 1620
166. During the revolt of 1857, who among the following was betrayed by a zamindar friend and captured
while asleep by Britishers and put to death?
[A] Nana Saheb
[B] Tantia Tope
[C] Khan Bahadur Khan
[D] Kunwar singh
Correct Answer: B [Tantia Tope]
167. The Government of India recognizes 7-9 January as the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas since 2003 . Which of
the following events is known to occur on 9 January?
[A] Arrival of Mahatma Gandhi in India from South Africa.
[B] Launch of Person of Indian Origin Card (PIO Card)
[C] First Global Convention of People of Indian Origin in New York
Correct Answer: A [Arrival of Mahatma Gandhi in India from South Africa.]
168. The second world war commenced in 1939 on the following dates?
[A] August 1
[B] September 1
[C] October 1
[D] November 1
Correct Answer: B [September 1]
169. Paunar Ashram is related to which of the following social activist?

[A] Vinoba Bhave
[B] Baba Amte
[C] Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
[D] Ambedkar
Correct Answer: A [Vinoba Bhave]
Explanation: Paunar Ashram was founded by the great social reformer and activist Acharya Vinoba Bhave
for the treatment of leprosy patients.
170. Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms which formed the base of Government of India Act 1919, introduced
which of the following in India ?
[A] Self governance
[B] Dyarchy
[C] Indian Administrative Services
[D] Indian police Services
Correct Answer: B [Dyarchy]
171. Which of the following Charter acts abolished the monopoly of the East India Company to trade with
China?
[A] Charter Act of 1793
[B] Charter Act of 1813
[C] Charter Act of 1833
[D] Charter Act of 1853
Correct Answer: C [Charter Act of 1833]
172. Which among the following are called Dharamchakra?

[A] The chakra which is a weapon of lord Vishnu in Hindu Mythology
[B] The first sermon of Mahavira Jain
[C] The chakra which has 24 spokes in the central white band in Indian Flag
Correct Answer: C [The chakra which has 24 spokes in the central white band in Indian Flag]
173. Who among the following referred Mahatma Gandhi as father of Nation?
[A] Subhash Chandra Bose
[B] Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
[C] Jawahar lal Nehru
[D] Rabindranath Tagore
Correct Answer: A [Subhash Chandra Bose]
174. On which date Jallianawala Massacre occurred?

[A] August 13, 1919
[B] April 13, 1919
[C] January 13, 1919
[D] June 13, 1919
Correct Answer: B [April 13, 1919]
175. First NAM summit was held in which country?

[A] Belgrade 1961
[B] Cairo 1964
[C] Delhi 1961
[D] Algiers1961
Correct Answer: A [Belgrade 1961]
Explanation: NAM was founded in Belgrade in 1961, and was largely conceived by India’s first Prime
Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru; Indonesia’s first president, Sukarno; Egypt’s second president, Gamal Abdel
Nasser; Ghana’s first president Kwame Nkrumah; and Yugoslavia’s president, Josip Broz Tito.
176. The Third battle of Panipat was fought between ?

[A] Babur & Ibrahim Lodi
[B] Ahmed Shah Abdali & Marathas
[C] Akbar & Shershah Suri
[D] Shershah Suri & Humayun
Correct Answer: B [Ahmed Shah Abdali & Marathas]
Explanation: Third battle of Panipat took place on January 14, 1761between Ahmed Shah Abdali &
Marathas
177. In which year National Liberal Federation was formed in India?

[A] 1915
[B] 1918
[C] 1919
[D] 1921
178. Indian Muslims were allotted reserved seats in the Municipal and District Boards, in the Provincial
Councils and in the Imperial Legislature, in which of the following acts?
[C] Indian Councils Act 1861
[D] Indian Councils Act 1891
Correct Answer: A [Government of India Act 1909]
179. Indian Muslims were allotted reserved seats in the Municipal and District Boards, in the Provincial
Councils and in the Imperial Legislature, in which of the following acts?
180. William Digby is known to write on which of the aspects of India ?

[A] Indian education
[B] Indian society
[C] Famines in India
[D] Poverty in India
Correct Answer: C [Famines in India]
Explanation: Digby was based in India during British raj and witnessed to several famines that devastated
India, including a disastrous famine in Madras in the mid-1870s. He blamed British policies for fueling and
exacerbating the famines, agitating for humanitarian aid from Europe to India.
181. Who has initiated the slogan” Inqlab Zindabad”?

[A] Bhagat Singh
[B] Chandra shekahar Azad
[C] Iqbal
[D] Hasrat Mohani
Correct Answer: D [Hasrat Mohani]
Explanation: “Inquilab Zindabad phrase which translates to “Long Live the Revolution!” was a
revolutionary chant during the British rule over India. It was coined by Maulana Hasrat Mohani.
182. Which date is associated with the incident of Chauri Chaura?

[A] 4th February 1922
[B] 6th February 1922
[C] 4th August 1922
[D] 6th August 1922
Correct Answer: A [4th February 1922]
Explanation: Due to Chauri Chaura incident Gandhiji withdraws NonCooperation movement.
183. All India Kisan Sabha which was first peasants organization of India was constituted in which year ?
[A] 1920
[B] 1936
[C] 1942
[D] 1945
184. Lord William Bentinck is credited for which of the following in the Indian History ?
[A] Education reforms
[B] Laws
[C] Abolition of sati
[D] Local government
Correct Answer: C [Abolition of sati]
185. During India’s First War of independence (1857-58), Begum Hazrat Mahal led the revolt from which
of the following places?
[A] Benaras
[B] Lucknow
[C] Kanpur
[D] Delhi
Correct Answer: B [Lucknow]
186. Who among the following is related to Repeal of Vernacular Press Act of 1878?
[A] Lord Rippon
[B] Lord Lytton
[C] Lord Curzon
[D] Lord Irwin
Correct Answer: A [Lord Rippon]
Explanation: The Vernacular press act:
1. It was passed during the times of Lord Lytton
2. It empowered the magistrate to deposit a security, which could be confiscated if the printer violated
the Bond
3. It was repealed during times of Lord Ripon
187. Who wrote the book neel darpan?
[A] Bankim Chandra Chaterjee
[B] Rabindra Nath Tagore
[C] Dinbandhu Mitra
Correct Answer: C [Dinbandhu Mitra]
188. Pindari War (1817-1818) is also known as ________?

[A] First Anglo-Maratha War
[B] Second Anglo-Maratha War
[C] Third Anglo-Maratha War
[D]First Carnatic war
Correct Answer: C [Third Anglo-Maratha War]
189.Treaty of Seringapatnam was signed after which of the Anglo-Mysore wars?

[A] 1st
[B] 2nd
[C] 3rd
[D] 4th
Correct Answer: C [3rd]
190. Who among the following English officer was related to First Anglo-Mysore war?
[A] Colonel Smith
[B] Warren Hastings
[C] Lord Wellesly
[D] Jhon simon
Correct Answer: A [Colonel Smith]
191. Which of the following Governor Generals was impeached for charges of corruption?
[A] Earl Cornwallis
[B] Warren Hastings
[C] Lord Mayo
[D] Lord Minto
Correct Answer: B [Warren Hastings]
192. Which of the following Sikh Guru collected all the work of the previous Gurus and dictated it in the
form of verses ?
[A] Guru Har Govind
[B] Guru Har Kishan
[C] Guru Arjun Dev
[D] Guru Gobind
Correct Answer: C [Guru Arjun Dev]
193. The pioneers of Ocean trade with India were______?

[A] Dutch
[B] Portuguse
[C] British
[D] French
Correct Answer: B [Portuguse]
194. In 1818 Brahmo Samaj founder Rammohan Roy wrote a dissertation on meaning and importance of
________?
[A] Sam Veda
[B] Yajur Veda
[C] Rig Veda
[D] Gayatri Mantra
Correct Answer: D [Gayatri Mantra]
195. Who had became a member of the Brahmo Samaj in 1856 and founded his own breakaway “Brahmo
Samaj of India” in 1866?
[A] Dwijendranath Tagore
[B] Kesab Chander Sen
[C] Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

[D] Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Correct Answer: B [Kesab Chander Sen]
196. Satyagraha was started by Gandhi ji in 1919 to protest against the _____________?
[A] Salt Law
[B] Rowlatt Act
[C] Act of 1909
[D] Act of 1919
Correct Answer: B [Rowlatt Act]
197. First Round Table Conference was held during November 1930 January 1931. Who was the Viceroy
of India at that time?
[A] Lord Reading
[B] Lord Irwin
[C] Lord Linlithgow
[D] Lord wavel
Correct Answer: B [Lord Irwin]
198. Lord Wavell was the Viceroy of India at which of the following events?
[A] First session of Roundtable conference
[B] Cabinet Mission Plan
[C] Formation of Congress Ministries in the Provinces
[D] Quit India movement
Correct Answer: B [Cabinet Mission Plan]
199. By which charter act, financial allocation for education was made for the first time?
[A] Charter Act 1773
[B] Charter Act 1793
[C] Charter Act 1813
[D] Charter Act 1833
Correct Answer: C [Charter Act 1813]
200. On February 20, 1947, The British Government declared its intention to quit India by __________?
[A] August, 1947
[B] December, 1947
[C] June 1947
[D]June 1948
Correct Answer: D [June 1948]
201. On February 20, 1947, The British Government declared its intention to quit India by __________?
[A] August , 1947
[B] December, 1947
[C] June 1947
[D]June 1948
Correct Answer: D [June 1948]
202. Nadir Shah ,the ruler of Persia who looted India’s Koh-i-Noor diamond and Peacock Throne, defeated
the Mughal Army at Karnal in which year ?
[A] 1720 A.D
[B] 1739 A.D
[C] 1749 A.D
[D] 1761 A.D
203. Who among the following has written Bidrohi, the one of the most famous Bengali poem?
[A] Rabindranath Tagore
[B] Bankim Chandra Chattopadhhyaya
[C] Kazi Nazrul Islam
[D] Sambhunath Pandit
Correct Answer: C [Kazi Nazrul Islam]
Explanation: Bidrohi is one of the most famous Bengali poems, written by Kazi Nazrul Islam in December,
1921. It was first collected in 1922 in a volume titled Agnibeena: the first anthology of Nazrul’s poems.
204. Who among the following established the “Sadar Diwani Adalat”?
[A] Warren Hastings
[B] Cornwallis
[C] John Macpherson
[D] Wellesly
Correct Answer: B [Cornwallis]
205. Which among the following acts provided for direct control of Indian Affairs by the British
Government?
[B] Pitts India Act of 1784
206. An organization formed in Germany in 1914 during World War I by Indian students and political
activists residing in the country was
[A] Ghadar Party
[B] Indian Independence Committee
[C] Indian National Army
[D] Communist Party of India
Correct Answer: B [Indian Independence Committee]
207. Who among the following also launched a Home rule Movement in India, apart from Annie Besant?
[A] Arubindo Ghosh
[C] Gopal Krishna Gokhale
[D] Madan Mohan Malviya
208. Who among the following prescribed the separate electorates for India on the basis of the Communal
Award in August 1932?
[A] Lord Irwin
[B] Ramsay MacDonald
[C] Winston Churchill
Correct Answer: B [Ramsay MacDonald]
Explanation: On August 16, 1932, the British Prime Minister McDonald announced the Communal Award.
Thus it is also known as McDonald Award. The Communal Award was basically a proposal on minority
representation.
209. During Freedom Struggle of India, which among the following movements started with Dandi ?
[A] Swadeshi Movement
[B] Noncooperative Movement
[C] Civil Disobedience Movement
[D] Quit India Movement
Correct Answer: C [Civil Disobedience Movement]
Explanation: Salt Satyagraha began with the Dandi March on March 12, 1930 and was the part of the first
phase of the Civil Disobedience Movement. Gandhi led the Dandi march from Sabarmati Ashram to the
sea coast near the village of Dandi. In this journey of 24 days and covering a distance of 390 kilometer,
thousands of people joined him. He reached Dandi on April 6, 1930, and broke the salt law. This triggered
the Civil Disobedience Movement and millions of Indians jumped in the tumult.
210. Who among the following is the author of “Mahatma Gandhi and His Myths”?
[A] Dominique Lepierre
[B] Mark Shepard
[C] Minoo Masani
Correct Answer: B [Mark Shepard]
211. Who among the following was the first recipient of Bharat Ratna ?
[A] CV Raman
[B] C. Rajgopalachari
[C] Dr. Radhakrishnan
[D] Jawahar Lal Nehru
Correct Answer: A [CV Raman]
Explanation: Bharat Ratna was first awarded in the year 1954. There were 3 recipients in the year 1954-
1. C. Rajagopalachari→ He was the first Governor General of free India.
2. Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888-1975).→He was the second President of India & the first Vice-
President of India.
3. C.V. Raman→He was a noble laureate of India who was awarded the Noble Prize for Physics in the year
1930.
However, first ever Indian to receive this award was the famous scientist, Chandrasekhara Venkata
Raman.
212. Who among the following was the first Indian to get selected in ICS (Indian Civil Services)?
[A] Ras Bihari Bose
[B] Satyendra Nath Tagore
[C] Devendranath Tagore

[D] Surendranath Banerjee
Correct Answer: B [Satyendra Nath Tagore]
Explanation: Satyendranath Tagore was selected for the Indian Civil Service in June, 1863. He completed
his probationary training and returned to India in November 1864. He was posted as Judge, Satara after
this examination.
213. Librahan Commission was established to probe into which among the following?
[A] Anti Sikh Riots of 1984
[B] Babri Mosque Demolition
[C] Post Godhara Riots
Correct Answer: B [Babri Mosque Demolition]
214. Who among the following was the author Mahatma-Life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ?
[A] D. G. Tendulkar
[B] Colonel G. B. Singh
[C] Susheela Naiyyar
Correct Answer: A [D. G. Tendulkar]
215. Balwantrai Mehta, a pioneer of Panchayati Raj and a distinguished freedom fighter, was Chief
minister of which state?
[A] Maharastra
[B] Gujarat
[C] Andhra Pradesh
[D] Madya Pradesh
Correct Answer: B [Gujarat]
Explanation: BBalwantrai Mehta was one of the legendry freedom fighters of the country who
participated in the Bardoli Satyagraha. He is best known as second Chief Minister of Gujarat.He is credited
for pioneering the concept the Panchayati Raj in India and also known as Father of Panchayati Raj in India.
216. On which of the following charges, Bal Gangadhar Tilak was arrested in 1908?
[A] Murder of Douglas
[B] Sedition
[C] Opposing the age of Consent Bill
[D] Inciting Chapekar Brothers to commit violence
Correct Answer: B [Sedition]
217. In which year, States Reorganization Act went into effect?

[A] 1949
[B] 1950
[C] 1956
[D] 1958
218. In 1956 during the Reorganization of the Indian States, the state of Hyderabad was split up between?
[A] Andhra Pradesh & Maharastra

[B] Andhra Pradesh & Karnataka
[C] Andhra Pradesh, Maharastra & Karnataka
[D] Andhra Pradesh, Maharastra, Goa & Karnataka
Correct Answer: C [Andhra Pradesh, Maharastra & Karnataka]
219. Swaraj party was out come of which among the following incidents?
[A] Chauri Chaura
[B] Quit India Movement
[C] Arrival of Simon Commission
[D] Bardoli Satyaghara
Correct Answer: A [Chauri Chaura]
220. Which among the following treaty was signed after Battle of Buxar?
[A] Treaty of Allahabad
[B] Treaty of Carnatic
[C] Treaty of Alinagar
[D] Treaty of Kanpur
Correct Answer: A [Treaty of Allahabad]
Explanation: The important outcome of the Battle of Buxar was the Treaty of Allahabad signed on 16
August 1765 between Lord Clive and Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, who had submitted to the British in
the battle. As per this treaty:
• Mughal Emperor granted Fiscal Rights (Diwani) or right to administer the territory and collect taxes to
the East India Company at Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. Thus the British became the masters of fate of the
people of Bihar, Bengal and Orissa and now they would collect the revenue.
• In lieu of this Right, the Company gave an annual tribute of 26 Lakh Rupees to the Mughals
• The districts of Kora and Allahabad were returned to Mughal Emperor.
• Awadh was returned to Shuja-ud-Daulah but Allahabad and Kora was taken from him.
• The Nawab of Awadh paid 53 Lakhs rupees of war indemnity to the British.
Thus Clive, in person settled the fate of almost half of the Northern India. The fiscal administration of
Bengal, Behar, and Orissa and the territorial jurisdiction of the Northern Circars is called the Dual System
of Government
221. Which among the following incidents established the supremacy of British over French in India?
[A] Battle of Buxar
[B] Battle of Wandiwash
[C] Carnatic Wars
[D] Battle of Chingleput
Correct Answer: B [Battle of Wandiwash]
Explanation: The British forces under Sir Eyre Coote, defeated the French in the Battle of Wandiwash in
1760 and besieged Pondicherry. After Wandiwash, the French capital of Pondicherry fell to the British in 1761.
222. 1853 is a landmark in India’s Transport because of ?

[A] First train
[B] First cargo plane
[C] First ship
[D] None of them
Correct Answer: A [First train]
223. Le Corbusier was the architect of which city among the following?
[A] New Delhi
[B] Chandigarh
[C] Mumbai
[D] Jaipur
Correct Answer: B [Chandigarh]
Explanation: The best-known architect recruited to the efforts of creating a new India was one of the
founders of modernism in architecture, the Swiss Le Corbusier. The showpiece of his genius is Chandigarh,
built as the capital of Punjab and Haryana. Outside Chandigarh, Le Corbusier’s most influential structures
include:
• Sarabhai House, Ahamadabad
• Millowner’s Association Building, Ahmedabad.
• Interstate Bus Terminal, New Delhi
Permanent Exhibition Hall of Prāgati Maidan, New Delhi
224. Baba Amte is known for which of the following social work?
[A] Work for Poor & homeless people
[B] Work To Save Ganga
[C] Work for Leprosy Patients
[D] Work for Landless laborers
Correct Answer: C [Work for Leprosy Patients]
225. Who was the first Indian to get elected in House of commons?
[A] Bhikaji Kama
[B] JRD Tata
[C] Dadabhai Naoroji
[D] Dinshaw Edulji Wacha
Correct Answer: C [Dadabhai Naoroji]
Explanation: Dadabhai Naoroji is known as mentor of both Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Mahatma Gandhi.
His magnum opus ‘‘Poverty and UnBritish Rule in India’’ propounded the ‘‘drain theory’’ He was the first
Indian to become a member of the House of Commons on the Liberal Party ticket. He served as Member
in the House of Commons from 1892 to 1895. He became the president of INC thrice, in 1886, 1893 and
1906.
226. Under which among the following Governor Generals of India, the Public works department was
started in 1848?
[A] Lord Dalhousie
[B] Lord William Bentinck
[C] Lord Wellesley
[D] Lord Viscount Canning
Correct Answer: A [Lord Dalhousie]
227. Which among the following newspaper established by Mahatma Gandhi which was an important
tool for the political movement led by Gandhi and the Natal Indian Congress to fight racial discrimination
and win civil rights for the Indian immigrant community in South Africa?
[A] Satyagraha
[B] Indian Voice
[C] Indian opinion

[D] Harijan
Correct Answer: C [Indian opinion]
228. In which year, India launched it Look East Policy?

[A] 1986
[B] 1992
[C] 1994
[D] 1996
Explanation: India’s Look East Policy was for the first time pursued by Narsimharao Government in 1992.
Under this policy, India focused its attention toward South-East Asia, which was long neglected during the
Cold war period. This policy was further cemented by successive prime ministers and now converted into
“Act East Policy” by the current government.
229. Which among the following was the first conglomeration of the scattered princely states , which later
became modern Rajasthan after several more mergers?
[A] Greater Rajputana
[B] Matsya Union
[C] United State of Greater Rajasthan
[D] Rajputana Union
Correct Answer: B [Matsya Union]
230. ‘Rajmala’ is an important source of History of which among the following states of India?
[A] Nagaland
[B] Assam
[C] Tripura
[D] Jammu & Kashmir
Correct Answer: C [Tripura]
Explanation: Rajmala is a chronicle of the kings of Tripura
231. Before its name was shortened by the British into United Provinces in 1935, by which among the
following names Modern Uttar Pradesh was known?
[A] United Provinces of Northern India
[B] Presidency of Agra and Allahabad
[C] United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
[D] United Provinces of Agra, Allahabad and Oudh
Correct Answer: C [United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]
232. Atal Bihari Vajpayee was sworn in as India’s Prime Minister for how many times?
[A] 1
[B] 2
[C] 3
[D] 4
Explanation:
6 May 1996-01 June 1996,
19 March 1998 -13 October 1999 and
13 October 1999 – 22 May 2004
233. Who among the following was the first chairman of UPSC?
[A] Sir Ross Barker
[B] Sir David Petrie
[C] Sir Eyre Gorden
[D] Sir F.W. Robertson
Correct Answer: A [Sir Ross Barker]
Explanation: First Public Service Commission was established on October 1, 1926 under the Chairmanship
of Sir Ross Barker. UPSC is constitutional body which conducts the prestigious civil services examination
to select IAS, IFS and IPS officers among others. It has been established under Article 315 of the
Constitution and consists of a Chairman and ten Members; appointed and removed by President. The
chairman and members of the Commission hold office for a term if six years or until they attain the age
of 65 years, whichever is earlier
234. How many Prime Ministers of India have been awarded Bharat Ratna till date?
[A] 3
[B] 4
[C] 5
[D] 7
Explanation: So far Seven Prime Ministers of India have been awarded the Bharat Ratna. Atal Bihari
Vajapayee is the seventh Prime Minister to receive the award, after (1) Jawaharlal Nehru, (2) Indira
Gandhi, (3) Rajiv Gandhi, (4) Morarji Desai, (5) Lal Bahadur Shastri and (6) Gulzarilal Nanda
235. At which among the following places, the Muslim League was founded in 1906?
[A] Kolkata
[B] Murshidabad
[C] Dhaka
[D] Lucknow
Correct Answer: C [Dhaka]
Explanation: In Dec. 1906 “All India Muslim League” was set up under the leadership of Aga Khan, Nawab
Salimullah Khan of Dacca and Nawab Mohsin-ul Mulk at Dacca. The League supported the Partition of
Bengal and opposed the Swadeshi Movement and demanded the special safeguards for its community
and separate electorate of Muslims.
236. Who among the following was Viceroy of India at the time of partition of Bengal (1905)?
[A] Lord minto
[B] Lord curzon
[C] Lord Elgin
[D] Lord Chelmsford
Correct Answer: B [Lord curzon]
237. Fraser Commission was established for reforms in which among the following in 1902?
[A] Army
[B] eduction
[C] Police
[D] Civil service
Correct Answer: C [Police]
Explanation: In 1902-03, a Police Commission was established for the Police reforms under Sir Andrew
Frazer and Lord Curzon got much success in the Police intelligence.
238. For reforms in which among the following, Hartog Commission was established?
[A] Society
[B] Education
[C] Civil services
[D] Economic reforms
Correct Answer: B [Education]
239. Which among the following is the year of famous Queen Victoria’s Proclamation assuming the
Government of India?
[A] 1857
[B] 1858
[C] 1859
[D] 1860
Explanation: On November 1, 1858, Lord Canning sent forth the royal proclamation in a grand Darbar at
Allahabad via which Queen Victoria intimated that she had assumed the direct government of India. This
proclamation also set forth the principles on the basis of which India was to be governed in future and
the British policy towards people of British-Indian territories and princes
240. Which among the following had an objective of introducing the self-governing institutions to India?
[A] Indian Council Act 1909
[B] Mont-Ford Reforms
[C] Cabinet Mission
Correct Answer: B [Mont-Ford Reforms]
241. Sadakat Ashram memorial in Patna is dedicated to which former President of India ?
[A] Dr. Rajendra Prasad
[B] V V Giri
[C] Muhammad Hidayatullah
[D] Basappa Danappa Jatti
Correct Answer: A [Dr. Rajendra Prasad]
242. Mahatama Gandhi had launched his first Satyagraha in India from which among the following places?
[A] Kheda
[B] Bardoli
[C] Champaran
[D] Sabarmati
Correct Answer: C [Champaran]
Explanation: The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was Mahatma Gandhi’s first Satyagraha.
243. In which year, Vijay Laxmi Pandit became the first woman President of the United Nations General
Assembly (UNGA) ?
[A] 1949
[B] 1951
[C] 1953
[D] 1959
244. In which city is the dargah (tomb) of sufi saint Moinuddin Chishti located ?
[A] Delhi
[B] Ghaziabad
[C] Ajmer
[D] Gwalior
Correct Answer: C [Ajmer]
245. In 1612, at which among the following places, the British established their first factory (trading post)
in India ?
[A] Cochin
[B] Surat
[C] Kassim Bazar
[D] Hughli
Correct Answer: B [Surat]
246. Who among the following has authored the famous book ‘India Wins Freedom’ ?
[A] Jawahar Lal Nehru
[B] Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
[C] Sardar Patel
[D] Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Correct Answer: B [Maulana Abul Kalam Azad]
247. Gol Ghar, a beehive shaped structure built in 1786 to store grains for the British Army, is located in
which city ?
[A] Bhopal
[B] Patna
[C] Varnasi
[D] Lucknow
Correct Answer: B [Patna]
248. What was the original name of Mirabehn, an associate and disciple of Mahatma Gandhi?
[A] Oliver Schriener
[B] Millie Graham Polock
[C] Madeline Slade
[D] Margarate Cousins
Correct Answer: C [Madeline Slade]
Explanation: Madeleine Slade was in England and was named as Meera Behn by Mahatma Gandhi ,
whose disciple and associate she was. She was awarded Padma Vibhushan in 1982.
249. Who presided over the first session of the All India Trade Union Congress in 1920 ?
[A] Purshottam Das Tandon
[B] Lala Lajpat Rai
[C] Kasturbhai Lalbhai
[D] Govind Vallabh Pant
Correct Answer: B [Lala Lajpat Rai]

Explanation: On October 31, 1920, the first session of the All India Trade Union Congress was held at
Bombay under Lala Lajpat Roy, thus marking the beginning of AITUC.
250. The spiritual guru Gadadhar Chattopadhyay is best known with which among the following names ?
[A] Upendranath Brahmachari
[B] Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
[C] Sri Arubindo
[D] Swami Prabhupad
Correct Answer: B [Ramakrishna Paramahamsa]
251. In 1906, at the founding session of all India Muslim League in Dhaka, who became the first president
of the party ?
[A] Nawab Salimullah Khan
[B] Khwaja Abdul Ghani
[C] M. Shamsher Ali
[D] Muhammad Ali Bogra
Correct Answer: A [Nawab Salimullah Khan]
252. Treaty of Yandabu was signed after which among the following?
[A] First Anglo-Burmese War
[B] Second Anglo-Burmese War
[C] Anglo-Bhutanese War
[D] Third Anglo Afghan war
Correct Answer: A [First Anglo-Burmese War]
253. In which year, Raja Ram Mohan Roy established the “Atmiya Sabha” a precursor in the socio-religious
reforms in Bengal?
[A] 1812
[B] 1815
[C] 1823
[D] 1826
254. Who among the following was the immediate successor of Guru Nanak?
[A] Guru Angad
[B] Guru Arjun
[C] Guru Amardas
[D] Guru Ramdas
Correct Answer: A [Guru Angad]
255. Who among the following was the immediate successor of Guru Nanak?
[A] Guru Angad
[B] Guru Arjun
[C] Guru Amardas
[D] Guru Ramdas
256. At which among the following places, the modern armory was established by Hyder Ali?
[A] Mysore
[B] Dindigul
[C] Dharmapuri
[D] Hosur
Correct Answer: B [Dindigul]
257. Who started the process of decentralization of finances in India?

[A] Lord Rippon
[B] Lord Mayo
[C] Lord Curzon
[D] Lord Minto
Correct Answer: B [Lord Mayo]
Explanation: Lord Mayo or Lord Naas served as 4th Viceroy of India from 12 January 1869 to 8 February
1872. He started the process of decentralization of finance. In foreign affairs, he followed the policy of
non-intervention. He opened up Mayo College in Ajmer for educating children of the aristocratic families.
India’s census began during his tenure. He was the first Governor General to be murdered in office by a
Pathan Sher Ali in Port Blair.
258. Who founded the Banaras Hindu University ,the largest residential Central University in Asia located
in Varanasi
[A] Vivekananda
[B] Annie Besant
[C] Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya
[D] Jawahar lal Nehru
Correct Answer: C [Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya]
Explanation: In 1915, under Lord Hardinge, BHU act was passed by which Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya
established the Banaras Hindu University. The idea of this university was mooted as early as 1904.
259. Which act was introduced by British govt to address the short comings of the East India Company?
[A] Pitts India Act
[B] British Union Act
[C] 1707 Act of Union
[D] India Act 1784
Correct Answer: A [Pitts India Act]
Explanation: Pitt’s India Act 1784 or the East India Company Act 1784 was passed in the British Parliament
to rectify the defects of the Regulating Act 1773. It resulted in dual control or joint government in India
by Crown in Great Britain and the British East India Company, with crown having ultimate authority. With
this act, East India Company’s political functions were differentiated from its commercial activities for the
first time. The relationship between company and crown established by this act kept changing with time
until the Government of India Act 1858 provided for liquidation of the British East India Company.
260. In which province Muslim League formed their first government after 1946 elections?
[A] Bengal
[B] Madras
[C] Bombay
[D] United province
Correct Answer: A [Bengal]
261. Kohinoor Diamond was found probably from which among the following mines?
[A] Golconda
[B] Kalahandi
[C] Panna
[D] Bijapur
Correct Answer: A [Golconda ]
262. Who among the following established the Dal Khalsa?

[A] Guru Gobind Singh
[B] Guru Arjun Dev
[C] Kapur Singh
[D] Bhai Mani Singh
Correct Answer: C [Kapur Singh]
263. Who among the following established Tattvabodhini Sabha?

[A] Raja Rammohan Roy
[B] Debendranath Tagore
[C] Keshub Chandra Sen
[D] Dwarkanath Tagore
Correct Answer: B [Debendranath Tagore]
Explanation: Before Debendranath joined the Brahmo Samaj, he had organized a Tattvaranjini Sabhaat
Calcutta. The same Sabha was later known as Tattvabodhini Sabha. The objective of Tattvabodhini Sabha
was to encourage religious inquiries and disseminate the essence of Upanishads.
264. The name of Baba Ram Singh is associated with which among the following movements?
[A] Sanyasi Rebellion
[B] Kuka Movement
[C] Khaksar Movement
[D] Santhal rebellion
Correct Answer: B [Kuka Movement]
265. Diwan Mani Ram Datta was a leader of revolutionaries of 1857 in which among the following regions?
[A] Gujarat
[B] Rajputana
[C] Punjab
[D] Assam
Correct Answer: D [Assam]
266. Nana Saheb lead the revolutionaries of 1857 from which among the following placed?
[A] Gwalior
[B] Meerut
[C] Kanpur
[D] Lucknow
Correct Answer: C [Kanpur]
267. In which among the following provinces of India, the first signs of unrest during the mutiny of 1857
appeared?
[A] Madras
[B] Bombay
[C] Punjab
[D] Bengal, Bihar and Odisha
Correct Answer: D [Bengal, Bihar and Odisha]
268. Every year in January, India and Pakistan exchange their list of nuclear installations through their
diplomatic missions under an agreement on prohibition of attacks against nuclear installation and facility.
In which year, such agreement was signed?
[A] 1986
[B] 1988
[C] 1990
[D] 1992
Explanation: The agreement, which was signed on December 31, 1988 and came into force on January
27, 1991, says the two countries inform each other of nuclear installations and facilities to be covered
under the agreement on January 1 of every calendar year.
269. What was civil disobedience Movement?

[A] Active refusal to obey certain laws, demands and commands of a government
[B] Revolution
[C] Freedom from slavery
[D] All the above
Correct Answer: A [Active refusal to obey certain laws, demands and commands of a government]
270. Who represented India in the 2nd round table conference?

[A] Mahatma Gandhi
[B] B. R. Ambedkar
[C] Jawaharlal Nehru
[D] Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Correct Answer: A [Mahatma Gandhi]
Explanation: The Second Round Conference opened on September 7, 1931. Gandhi represented Indian
National Congress and Sarojini Naidu represented Indian women. Madan Mohan Malaviya, Ghanshyam
Das Birla, Muhammad Iqbal, Sir Mirza Ismail Diwan of Mysore, S K Dutta and Sir Syed Ali Imam were other
people that attended the conference. This conference saw an overwhelming number of Indian delegates.
These included loyalists, communalists, careerists, big landlords, representatives of the princes etc.
271. Who said that Gandhi may die, but Gandhism shall remain forever ?
[A] Mahatma Gandhi
[B] Jawaharlal Nehru
[C] Subhash Chandra Bose
[D] Rabindranath Tagore
Correct Answer: A [Mahatma Gandhi]
Explanation: Gandhiji said Gandhi may die, but Gandhism shall remain forever in 1931 Karachi session.
272. Who among the following has written the “Civil Disobedience” that had a profound impact on
Gandhi?
[A] Leo Tolstoy
[B] John Ruskin
[C] Karl Marx

[D] Henry David Thoreau
Correct Answer: D [Henry David Thoreau]
Explanation: Henry David Thoreau was an American author, poet, and philosopher, who is best known
for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay Civil
Disobedience, an argument for individual resistance to civil government in moral opposition to an unjust
state. Thoreau’s philosophy of civil disobedience influenced the political thoughts and actions of such
later figures as Leo Tolstoy, Mahatma Gandhi, and Martin Luther King, Jr.
273. Which among the following personality is known for publishing the Mooknayak (Leader of the
Silent) in Mumbai?
[A] GG Agarkar
[B] K. M. Munshi
[C] Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar
[D] Shyamji Krishna Varma
Correct Answer: C [Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar]
274. Who among the following established the Swadhyay Movement and the Swadhyay Parivar
organization?
[A] Achyutananda
[B] Satsvarupa dasa Goswami
[C] Swami Sivananda
[D] Pandurang Shastri Athavale
Correct Answer: D [Pandurang Shastri Athavale]
275. Who among the following is known as the “Saint of Dakhineshwar”?

[A] Ramkrishna Paramahansa
[B] Swami Vivekananda
[C] Swami Dayanand Saraswati
[D] Saint Tikaram
Correct Answer: A [Ramkrishna Paramahansa]
276. The first factory by the Dutch was established at which among the following places?
[A] Surat
[B] Machilipatnam
[C] Negapatnam
[D] Pulicat
Correct Answer: B [Machilipatnam]
Explanation: The Dutch East India Company was created in 1602 as “United East India Company” and its
first permanent trading post was in Indonesia. In India, they established the first factory in
Masulipattanam in 1605, followed by Pulicat in 1610, Surat in 1616, Bimilipatam in 1641 and Chinsura in
1653.
277. Who among the following were the first to establish ” Printing Press” in India?
[A] British
[B] Portuguese
[C] Dutch
[D] French
Correct Answer: B [Portuguese]
278. Which Portuguese Viceroy followed the “Blue Water” policy in India?
[A] Afonso de Albuquerque
[B] Francisco de Almeida
[C] Diogo Lopes de Sequeira
[D] None of them
Correct Answer: B [Francisco de Almeida]
Explanation: In 1503 Francisco de Almeida was appointed the First Governor and Viceroy of the
Portuguese India.
279. who among the following has written the book” Communist Manifesto”?
[A] Friedrich Engels
[B] Karl Marx
[C] Leonid Gatovsky
[D] Vladimir Lenin
Correct Answer: B [Karl Marx]
280. First President of Indian National Congress?

[A] George Yule
[B] Dadabhai Naoroji
[C] womesh Chandra Banarjee
[D] Romesh Chunder Dutt
Correct Answer: C [womesh Chandra Banarjee]
Explanation: Under the Presidentship of Woomesh Chandra Banerjee, the first meeting of Indian National
Congress was held in Bombay in 1885. The meeting was attended by 72 English-educated people that
included advocates, traders and zamindars.
281. Who was the Last Viceroy of India?

[A] Richard Wellesley
[B] Warren Hastings
[C] Lord Mountbatten
[D] Lord Northrook
Correct Answer: C [Lord Mountbatten]
Explanation: Lord Mountbatten served as last Viceroy of India from 12 February 1947 – 15 August 1947;
and then first Governor General of Free India from 15 August 1947 – 21 June 1948. During his tenure,
India got independence in the form of two dominions of India Pakistan. Two Boundary Commissions were
set, Pakistan raided Kashmir and Mahatma Gandhi was shot dead.
282. Which among the following was Last Hindu Empire of India?
[A] Maratha Empire
[B] Durrani Empire
[C] Kingdom of Mysore
[D] Sikh Empire
Correct Answer: A [Maratha Empire]
283. What the foundations of Gandhi an principles ?

[A] Capitalist
[B] Socialist
[C] Ethical
[D] Religious
Correct Answer: C [Ethical]
284. In which year, former PM Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated?

[A] 1989
[B] 1990
[C] 1991
[D] 1992
285. Who among the following has written the book Bahubivah?
[A] Ishwar Chand Vidyasagar
[B] Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay
[C] Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
[D] Sri Aurobindo
Correct Answer: A [Ishwar Chand Vidyasagar]
286. In which year Calcutta became Capital of British India?

[A] 1768
[B] 1770
[C] 1772
[D] 1776
287. Year 1757 is remembered to which among the following battles?

[A] Battle of Plassey
[B] Battle of Chinsura
[C] Battle of Buxar
[D] Battle of Poona
Correct Answer: A [Battle of Plassey]
288. In which year, IAS (Not ICS) exam was conducted in India for the first time?
[A] 1949
[B] 1950
[C] 1951
[D] 1953
289. In which year, Sabarmati Ashram was established?

[A] 1914
[B] 1915
[C] 1916
[D] 1917
290. In which year, Partition of Bengal was annulled?

[A] 1909
[B] 1910
[C] 1911
[D] 1912
291. The Namgyal Monarchy used to rule which among the following current states of India, once upon
a time?
[A] Arunachal Pradesh
[B] Megahalaya
[C] Nagaland
[D] Sikkim
Correct Answer: D [Sikkim]
292. The name of “Operation Trojan Horse” has been linked to martyrdom of which among the
following freedom fighters?
[A] Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev,
[B] Chandra Shekhar Azad
[C] Khudi Ram Bose
[D] Madan Lal Dhingra
Correct Answer: A [Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev,]
293. During which of the following years, Port Blair was the headquarters of the Azad Hind government
under Subhash Chandra Bose?
[A] 1941-42
[B] 1942-43
[C] 1943-44
[D] 1944-45
294. Takht Harmandir Sahib, the birthplace of Guru Gobind Singh is located in which among the following
cities?
[A] Amritsar
[B] Bhatianda
[C] Patna
[D] Ropar
Correct Answer: C [Patna]
295. Which among the following freedom fighter is known to have written “Gita Rahasya ” ?
[A] Gopal Krishna Gokhle
[C] Bidhan Chandra Roy
[D] KM Munshi
296. In which year, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose was conferred Bharat Ratna?
[A] 1988
[B] 1991
[C] 1992
[D] 1996
297. In which among the following states of India, the parallel Government was running between 1942 to
1944 during the Quit India Movement?
[A] Odisha
[B] Bihar
[C] West Bengal
[D] Bombay
Correct Answer: C [West Bengal]
298. By which among the following acts, the ban on missionaries in India was lifted?
[A] Charter Act 1793
[B] Charter Act 1813
[D] Charter Act 1773
Correct Answer: B [Charter Act 1813]
299. On what date Indian Rebellion of 1857 started?

[A] 10th May
[B] 16th April
[C] 26th June
[D] 11th July
Correct Answer: A [10th May]
Explanation: The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of sepoys of the East India Company’s army
on 10th May 1857, in the town of Meerut. It soon escalated into other mutinies and civil rebellions largely
in the upper Gangetic plain and central India, with major hostilities confined to present-day Uttar Pradesh,
Bihar, northern Madhya Pradesh, and the Delhi region
300. Which among the following organizations was started by Behramji Malabari in Bombay?
[A] Bombay Asiatic Society
[B] Seva Sadan
[C] East India Association
Correct Answer: B [Seva Sadan]
Explanation: The Parsi social reformer Behramji M. Malabari campaigned all his life against child marriage
and “enforced widowhood”. He founded the Seva Sadan as a social reform and humanitarian organization
in 1885. The Seva Sadan specialized in the care of socially discarded and exploited women of all castes,
providing education, welfare and medical services.
301. In which year East India Company was brought under British parliamentary control?
[A] 1773
[B] 1793
[C] 1813
[D] 1833
302. Which governor of Madras had signed a treaty with Tipu?

[A] George MaCartney
[B] Sir Archibald Campbell
[C] William Medows
[D] Sir Charles Oakeley
Correct Answer: A [George MaCartney]
303. Who among the following were the first to come to India to establish trade relationships?
[A] Portuguese
[B] Dutch
[C] French
[D] British
Correct Answer: A [Portuguese ]
304. Goa was captured by Albuqurque from ruler of which among the following states?
[A] Bijapur
[B] Golconda
[C] Mysore
[D] Vijaynagar
Correct Answer: A [Bijapur]
Explanation: Afonso de Albuquerque was the second governor of the Portuguese India and is known
as founder of Portuguese colonial empire in India. In 1510 Albuqurque acquired Goa from Bijapur
305. Which of the following organizations provided medical help to the Turkish troops in the Balkan War?
[A] International Council of Nurses
[B] Pax Romana
[C] Global Humanitarian Forum
[D] Red Crescent Society
Correct Answer: D [Red Crescent Society]
Explanation: Red Crescent Society: Worldwide humanitarian organization providing assistance without
discrimination as to nationality, race, religious beliefs, class or political opinions. It provided medical help
to the Turkish troops in the Balkan War.
306. The first Individual Satyagrahi, Acharya Vinoba Bhave offered Satyagraha in which among the
following way?
[A] By not paying taxes
[B] By burning British Flag
[C] By making an antiwar speech
[D] By making a speech against the Viceroy of India
Correct Answer: C [By making an antiwar speech]
307. Who was the first Muslim President of Indian National Congress?
[A] Hakim Azmal Khan
[B] Abul Kalam Azad
[C] Rafi Ahmad Kidwai

[D] Badruddin Taiyabji
Correct Answer: D [Badruddin Taiyabji]
Explanation: Badruddin Taiyabji became the Ist Indian Barrister in Bombay; became the 2nd Indian Chief
Justice; was the founding member of Bombay presidency association and INC and also presided over the
3rd congress session in Madras in 1887.
308. Who was elected the President of Indian National Congress in the Surat Session 1907 famous for
Surat Split?
[A] Dr. Rash Bihari Ghosh
[B] Lala Lajpat Rai
[D] Pherozeshah Mehta
Correct Answer: A [Dr. Rash Bihari Ghosh]
Explanation: The growing differences between the Moderates and the Extremists came at Surat Session
1907, when against the wishes of Extremists who preferred Lala Lajpat Rai to be the President; Dr. Rash
Bihari Ghosh was elected as the Congress President. The Extremists left the Congress. Result was the
Congress remained under the control of the Moderates.
309. Who was elected the President of Indian National Congress in the Surat Session 1907 famous for
Surat Split?
[A] Dr. Rash Bihari Ghosh
[B] Lala Lajpat Rai
[D] Pherozeshah Mehta
Correct Answer: A [Dr. Rash Bihari Ghosh]
1907, when against the wishes of Extremists who preferred Lala Lajpat Rai to be the President ; Dr. Rash
Bihari Ghosh was elected as the Congress President. The Extremists left the Congress. Result was the
Congress remained under the control of the Moderates.
310. During British Era, the Duke Memorandum became the basis of which among the following?
[A] Nehru Report
[B] Mont-Ford Reforms
Correct Answer: B [Mont-Ford Reforms]
Explanation: Duke Memorandum is associated with Sir William Duke, a member of the English Round
Table Group and he had formulated a scheme which eventually became the basis of Joint Report of
Montague and Chelmsford.
311. The Battle of Chillianwalla was a part of?

[A] Anglo-Maratha Wars
[B] Anglo-Carnatic Wars
[C] Anglo-French Wars
[D] Anglo-Sikh Wars
Correct Answer: D [Anglo-Sikh Wars]
Explanation: Battle of Chillianwalla was fought on 13 January 1849 during the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
Sikhs fought British in this battle under Shersingh.
312. In which year Jahangir issued the charter to East India Company for establishing the trade
establishments in India?
[A] 1615
[B] 1616
[C] 1617
[D] 1618
313. August 9 1925 is known in the Indian History for which of the following incidences?
[A] Chauri Chaura incidence
[B] Kakori Train Robbery
[C] Jallianwallah Bagh Incidence
[D] The seize of Cawnpore
Correct Answer: B [Kakori Train Robbery ]
314. In which year, first nationwide elections were held in Afghanistan?

[A] 1952
[B] 1958
[C] 1965
[D] 1968
315. Which among the following rulers of Afghanistan was a Reformer Ruler and known to have
established diplomatic relations of Modern Afghanistan with many countries?
[A] Abdur Rahman
[B] Amanullah Khan
[C] Habibullah Kalakani
[D] None of them
Correct Answer: B [Amanullah Khan ]
316. Who among the following was Amir of Afghanistan, when Durand line was demarcated?
[A] Dost Mohammad
[B] Akbar Khan
[C] Abdur Rahman
[D] Habibulah
Correct Answer: C [Abdur Rahman ]
317. At which of the following places Dost Mohammad Khan was deported as a prisoner after the first
Anglo Afghan War?
[A] Surat
[B] Dehradun
[C] Bombay
[D] Calcutta
Correct Answer: D [Calcutta]
318. Who among the following was the first president of Constituent Assembly?
[A] Dr. Rajendra Prasad
[B] Sachidanand Sinha
[D] B R Ambedkar
Correct Answer: B [Sachidanand Sinha ]
319. The Cabinet assembly which was elected for an undivided India met for the first time on______?
[A] June 3, 1946
[B] June 6 1946
[C] June 9, 1946
[D] June 12, 1946
Correct Answer: C [June 9, 1946 ]
320. In which year constitution for India was drafted by Nehru Committee?
[A] 1917
[B] 1926
[C] 1928
[D] 1929
321. On which date Indian Independence Act 1947 got Royal Assent?
[A] 18 June 1947
[B] 18 July 1947
[C] 18 March 1947
[D] 18 April 1947
Correct Answer: B [18 July 1947 ]
322. By which of the following for the first time, British government recognized the “Right of Dominion”
for India?
[A] August Declaration
[B] August Offer
[C] Cripps Mission
[D] Montague Declaration
Correct Answer: C [Cripps Mission ]
323. In the proposed federal polity of the Government of India act 1935, how many members had to be
elected on communal basis for the Upper House of the bicameral legislature at the center?
[A] 156
[B] 150
[C] 104
[D] 125
Explanation: The upper house was called Council of States and it consisted of 260 members. Out of these
260 members 156 were to represent the provinces and 104 to the native states. Out of the 156 which
were trepresent the provinces, 150 were to be elected on communal basis. Seats reserved for Hindus,
Muslim Sikhs, were to be filled by direct elections and Seats reserved for Indian Christians, Anglo Indians
and Europeans was to be filled by indirect method of a electoral college consisting of their
representativmembers.
324. Consider the following features of Government of India act 1935:

1. provision for Federation of India
2. Compulsory accession to Federation of India
3. Partial Reorganization of provinces
Which among the above features hold correct ?
[A] 1 only
[B] 1 & 2
[C] 2 & 3
[D] 1 & 3
Correct Answer: D [1 & 3 ]
Explanation: accession to this federation was voluntary
325. Which among the following act provided for the Public Service Commission in India for the first time?
[B] Indian Councils act 1909
[D] Government of India act 1858
Correct Answer: A [Government of India Act 1919 ]
326. Which among the following acts had a separate preamble?

[B] Indian Councils Act 1909
Correct Answer: A [Government of India Act 1919 ]
327. “Increasing association of Indians in every branch of the administration and the gradual development
of self-governing institutions with a view to the progressive realization of responsible government in India
as an integral part of the British Empire”.
The above statement is known as _____?
[A] Montague declaration
[B] August Offer
[C] Queen Victoria’s Proclamation
[D] None of them
Correct Answer: A [Montague declaration ]
Explanation: Please note that it was also known as August Declaration but NOT August Offer.
328. Which among the following led to Jallianwalla Bagh massacre?

[A] The Arms Act
[B] The Rowlatt Act
[C] The Public Safety Act
[D] Vernacular Press Act
Correct Answer: B [The Rowlatt Act ]
329. The government of India act 1935 provided for:

1. Provincial autonomy
2. Establishment of federal court
3. all India federation at the center

Which among the above hold correct ?
[A] 1 only
[B] 1 & 2 only
[C] 2 & 3 only
[D] all of them
Correct Answer: D [all of them ]
330. The Montague-Chelmsford Report formed the basis of _______?

[A] Indian Councils act 1909
[B] The Government of India Act 1919
[C] The Government of India act 1935
[D] The Indian Independence Act 1947
Correct Answer: B [The Government of India Act 1919 ]
331. Which among the following was NOT a provision of Charter act of 1833?
[A] Trading activities of the East India Company were to be abolished
[B] The designation of the supreme authority was to be changed as the Governor General of India in
Council
[C] All law making powers to be conferred on Governor General in council
[D] An Indian to be appointed as law member in the Governor General in Council
Correct Answer: D [An Indian to be appointed as law member in the Governor General in Council ]
332. Which of the following acts of the British India strengthened the Viceroy’s authority over his
executive councils by substituting “portfolio” or departmental system for Corporate Functioning?
[A] Indian Councils Act 1861
[D] Indian councils Act 1909
Correct Answer: A [Indian Councils Act 1861 ]
333. Which of the following acts of the British India strengthened the Viceroy’s authority over his
executive councils by substituting “portfolio” or departmental system for Corporate Functioning?
[D] Indian councils Act 1909
334. After returning from South Africa, which among the following was the first successful satyagraha of
Mahatma Gandhi?
[A] Chauri-Chaura
[B] Dandi
[C] Champaran
[D] Bardoli
Correct Answer: C [Champaran ]
335. Who among the following was the governor general who followed a spirited “Forward” Policy
towards Afghanistan?
[A] Lord Dufferin
[B] Lord Mayo
[C] Lord Elgin
[D] Lord Ellenborough
Correct Answer: D [Lord Ellenborough ]
336. Where is located the “Hazur Sahib” Gurudwara, which is one of the five takhts of Sikhism?
[A] Amritsar
[B] Patna
[C] Nanded
[D] Bhatinda
Correct Answer: C [Nanded ]
Explanation: The location of the five Takhts is as follows: Akal Takht, at Amritsar, Keshgar Sahib, at
Anandpur Sahib, Punjab, Patna Sahib, at Patna, Hazur Sahib, at Nanded and Damdama Sahib, at Talwandi
Sabo, Bhatinda or Bathinda.
337. What was the number of districts in Bombay Presidency?

[A] 23
[B] 24
[C] 25
[D] 26
338. Which among the following was also known as Western Presidency in early times of East India
Company?
[A] Bombay
[B] Surat
[C] Panaji
[D] Pune
Correct Answer: B [Surat]
339. Which among the following act was known as the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crime act 1919?
[A] Indian Arms Act
[B] Pitts India Act
[C] Ilbert Bill
[D] Rowlatt Act
Correct Answer: D [Rowlatt Act ]
340. Who among the following was the Vice president of the Interim Government formed in 1946?
[A] Dr. S Radha Krishnan
[B] Jawahar Lal Nehru
[C] C Rajgopalachari
Correct Answer: B [Jawahar Lal Nehru ]
341. Which among the following acts is also known to be a beginning of the parliamentary System in
India?
[B] Indian Councils Act 1904
Explanation: The act was 1892 can be said to be a First step towards the beginning of thparliamentary
system in India, where the members are authorized to ask questions. Indian Councils a 1892 can also be
said to introduce the principle of representation
342. Who among the following is known to have started portfolio system in India?
[A] Lord Dalhousie
[B] Lord Canning
[C] Lord Elgin
[D] Sir John Lawrence
Correct Answer: B [Lord Canning]
343. In which year “Poorna Swarajya” resolution was adopted by the Indian National Congress?
[A] 1927
[B] 1928
[C] 1929
[D] 1930
344. Father of renaissance of Western India was__?

[A] B.M. Malabari
[B] M.G. Ranade
[C] R. G. Bhandarkar
[D] K.T. Telang
Correct Answer: B [M.G. Ranade ]
Explanation: Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade (1842-1901) was a distinguished Indian scholar, social
reformer and author, sometimes called a Father of renaissance of Western India. He was one of the
founding members of the Indian National Congress . He established the “Widow Marriage Association” in
1861 to encourage and popularize it Ranade founded the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha in 1870, to represent
the Government, the aspiration of the people. Known to be the mentor and political guru of famous
freedom fighters Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and Bal Gangadhar Tilak. He was against caste system,
untouchability and was a strong supporter of widow-remarriage.
345. Who is often called as Hindu Luther of Northern India ?

[A] Dayanand Saraswati
[B] Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
[C] Radhakant Dev
[D] Keshav Chandra Sen
Correct Answer: B [Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar]
Explanation: Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was a great 19th century Bengali scholar, reformer, writer and
philanthropist, whose ideas remain relevant even in modern India. He had devoted his life to improving
the status of Hindu widows and encouraging remarriage. The outcome of these efforts was the Hindu
Widow Remarriage Act of 1856. That’s why he has come to be called the Hindu Luther of Northern India.
346. Who inspired the young Bengal Movement in the 19th century ?
[A] Ram Tanu Lahiri
[B] Henry Vivian Derozio
[C] Rasik Kumar Malik
[D] Piyare Chand Mitra
Correct Answer: B [Henry Vivian Derozio ]
Explanation: Henry Louis Vivian Derozio (1809 –1831) was assistant headmaster of Hindu College,
Kolkata, a radical thinker and one of the first Indian educators to disseminate Western learning and
science among the young men of Bengal. He constantly encouraged them to think freely, to question and
not to accept anything blindly. His teachings inspired the development of the spirit of liberty, equality and
freedom. His activities brought about intellectual revolution in Bengal. It was called the Young Bengal
Movement and his students, also known as Derozians, were fiery patriots.
347. Who is regarded as “Maker of Modern India”?

[A] M. G. Ranade
[B] Mahatma Gandhi
[C] Keshav Chandra Sen
[D] Ram Mohan Roy
Correct Answer: D [Ram Mohan Roy ]
Explanation: Raja Rammohan Roy has come to be called the ‘Maker of Modern India’. He was the main
force behind introduction of the western education and English language in India. He advocated the study
of English, Science, Western Medicine and Technology. He spent his money on a college to promote these
studies. He was the founder of the Brahmo Samaj and a great leader of social reform. It was as a result of
his persistent campaign that the custom of Sati was declared illegal in Bengal in 1829 A.D. By Lord William
Bentick. He was the chief advocate of the modern process of education and the scientific learning.
348. Which of the following cities was capital of Maharaja Ranjit Singh?
[A] Amritsar
[B] Patiala
[C] Lahore
[D] Kapurthala
Correct Answer: C [Lahore ]
Explanation: Maharaja Ranjit Singh (called “The Lion of the Punjab”) (1780-1839) was a Sikh ruler of the
Punjab. His tomb is located in Lahore, Pakistan. He is remembered for uniting the Punjab as a strong state
and his possession of the Koh-i-noor diamond. He took the title of Maharaja on April 12, 1801 (to coincide
with Baisakhi day), with Lahore having served as his capital from 1799.
349. As per Warren Hastings reforms, which among the following court was set up as appeal court in
criminal cases?
[A] Circuit court
[B] Provincial Court
[C] Sadar Diwani Adalat
[D] Sadar Nizamat Adalat
Correct Answer: D [Sadar Nizamat Adalat ]
Explanation: The old system of justice was very simple as zamindar decided all petty cases. This was open
to abuse and gave enough scope for the rich to oppress the poor. Hastings set upon himself to reform the
judicial system. He established two courts in each districts, the Diwani Adalat to decide civil cases and the
Faujdari Adalat to try criminal cases. In the Diwani Adalat, the Collector was to preside assisted by this
‘native dewan’. The Faujdari Adalat was to be presided over by the Qazi or Mufti of the district and two
maulavis subject to the supervision of the Collector. In addition to these, two superior courts were
established at Calcutta – Sadar Diwani Adalat, as a Court of Appeal in civil cases and Sadar Nizamat Adalat
to hear criminal appeals.
350. “The most unqualified blunder committed in the whole history of the British India” This comment by
JJ McLeod points to which among the following wars?
[A] First Anglo Afghan War
[B] Second Anglo-Afghan War
[C] Third Anglo-Afghan War
[D] First Anglo Sikh War
Correct Answer: A [First Anglo Afghan War ]
Explanation: First Anglo-Afghan War (1839 to 1842) is also known as Auckland’s Folly. It was a stupe
project of Lord Auckland which resulted in the death of thousands of British (Indian) soldiers and waste
of Crores of Rupees.
351. Which of the following act formally made the Governor General of Bengal as Governor General of
India?
[A] Regulating act 1773
[B] Pitts India act 1784
[D] Charter act 1833
Correct Answer: D [Charter act 1833 ]
Explanation: The Charter Act of 1833 made the Governor General of Bengal the Governor General of
British India and all financial and administrative powers were centralized in the hands of Governor
General-in-Council.
352. Which among the following included the administrative /Judicial reforms of Warren Hastings?
1. Establishment of a Board of Revenue at Calcutta
2. Abolishing the judicial functions of the Zamindars
3. Appointment of Indian Judges in Criminal Courts
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2 & 3
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Correct Answer: D [1, 2 & 3 ]
353. Under which among the following treaties, Clive had secured the grant of the diwani of Bengal, Bihar
and Orissa from Mughal Emperor Shah Alam?
[A] Treaty of Allahabad
[B] Treaty of Buxar
[C] Treaty of Bassein
[D] Treaty of Sugauli
Correct Answer: A [Treaty of Allahabad]

Explanation: Clive had secured the grant of the diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa from Mughal Emperor
Shah Alam under Treaty of Allahabad 1765.
354. Clive’s dual administration:

1. gave rise to immediate conflict between British and Nawab
2. led to Anglo Maratha clash
3. separated power from responsibility
Which among the above is / are correct statements?
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2 & 3
[C] Only 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Correct Answer: C [Only 3 ]
Explanation: The first two statements should be reversed to understand what happened exactly.Since
there was a dual administration in place, it clearly defined the respective position of the Nawab and the
East India Company. This left no chance of near future conflicts between the two.Further, the direct
assumption of responsibility of administration of English Company might have to come in conflict with
the rising power of the Marathas. Third statement is correct.The system separated power from
responsibility. The English got the right of collecting the revenue but they had no responsibility for the
internal administration. The condition of Bengal worsened on account of the double government. The
famine of 1770 and the epidemic that followed accounted for one third of population of Bengal. The
English Company did nothing for the relief of the people and remained a silent spectator to the appalling
distress of the people. The dual system which deserved all possible condemnation was finally abolished
by Warren Hastings in 1772.
355. Which among the following is / are correct statements with respect to the French East India
Company?
1. It was a private concern
2. It was chartered by King Louis XIV
3. It was abolished immediately after French Revolution
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2 & 3
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] Only 2
Correct Answer: D [Only 2 ]
Explanation: The first statement is not correct because the French East India Company was government
backed concern while the English East India Company was a private concern. The second statement is
correct. Third statement is not correct because French East India Company was abolished in 1769, two
decades earlier than the French Revolution.
356. With reference to the relative position of French and the Britishers on the eve of Carnatic wars,
consider the following observations:
1. The position of the English East India Company was superior to that of the French East India Company
2. The Naval Power of Frech was superior to the British
Which among the above is / are correct statements?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Explanation: The second statement is not correct because the sea power of the English was superior to
that of the French. The merchant fleets of the English were bigger and maderegular voyages.
357. Which among the following was / were the consequences of the Third Battle of Panipat?
1. Decentralization of Maratha’s Power
2. Consolidation of East India Company in north-western India
3. Attack of Nadir Shah
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 1 & 2
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Correct Answer: A [Only 1 ]
Explanation: First statement is correct. The third battle of Panipat shattered the dream of Marathas to
establish their supremacy in whole India. Second statement is not correct because the third battle of
Panipat gave opportunity to East India Company to establish and consolidate their rule in Bihar and Bengal
(not north-west India as mentioned in question) and to challenge Marathas and other Indian powers and
finally to establish their rule in India. The third statement is also incorrect because attack of Nadir Shah
pre-dates third battle of Panipat.
358. Who were the first to start a joint stock company to trade with India?
[A] Portuguese
[B] Dutch
[C] French
[D] Danish
Correct Answer: B [Dutch ]
Explanation: To maximize profits, the Dutch East India Company established the world’s first stock market
in Amsterdam on March 20, 1602, in which investors could speculate on commodity futures and buy stock
in the trading company. It was the Dutch East India Company to start a joint stock company to trade with
India
359. Who was the first Indian ruler to join the subsidiary Alliance?
[A] The Nawab of Oudh
[B] The Nizam of Hyderabad
[C] Sultan of Madurai
[D] The king of Travancore
Correct Answer: B [The Nizam of Hyderabad ]
Explanation: The Subsidiary Alliance System was used by Lord Wellesley (Governor General of India) to
bring the Indian states within the boundary of the British political power. Under this doctrine , The Nizam
of Hyderabad , the feeblest of all rulers was the first Indian ruler to accept the Subsidiary Alliance in 1798
A.D and came under the British Protection.
360. The only licensed flag production unit in India in located at which among the following places?
[A] Mysuru
[B] Hubli
[C] Dharwad
[D] Nagpur
Correct Answer: B [Hubli ]
Explanation: Karnataka Khadi Gramodyoga Samyukta Sangha in Hubli is the only licensed flag production
unit in India.
361. Which among the following organizations were founded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya?
1. Banaras Hindu University
2. Pragya Hindu Samaj
3. Hindu Mahasabha
4. Bharat Dharma Mahamandal
Chose the correct answer from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2 & 4
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4
Correct Answer: C [Only 1 & 3 ]
Explanation: The Hindu Mahasabha was founded in 1914 in Amritsar and established its headquarters in
Haridwar. Amongst its early leaders was the prominent nationalist and educationalist Pandit Madan
Mohan Malaviya, who founded the Benaras Hindu University, and the Punjabi populist Lala Lajpat Rai.
Banaras Hindu University was established in 1915. Malviya was instrumental in the coming together of
Hindu Mahasabha and Arya Samaj in 1923 to make common cause on issues like cow slaughter and
reconversion. He was also closely associated with bodies like Pragya Hindu Samaj, Bharat Dharma
Mahamandal and Sanatana Dharma Mahasabha.
362. With reference to Atal Bihari Vajpayee, which among the following is NOT a correct statement?
[A] He was one of the founders of Bhartiya Jan Sangh
[B] He served as political secretary to Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee
[C] He is the first person to deliver a speech to the United Nations General Assembly in Hindi.
[D] All the above are correct statements
Correct Answer: A [He was one of the founders of Bhartiya Jan Sangh ]
Explanation: The first statement is not correct. Bhartiya Jan Sangh was founded by Dr. Syama Prasad
Mookerjee.
363. Who among the following had founded the Central Hindu College at Varanasi, which was later
converted into Banaras Hindu University?
[A] Madan Mohan Malviya
[B] Annie Besant
[C] Bal Gangadhar Tilak
[D] Jamna Lal Bajaj
Correct Answer: A [Madan Mohan Malviya ]
Explanation: Madan Mohan Malviya had established BHU in 1915 with the support of some leaders,
mainly Annie Besant. She had founded the Central Hindu College in 1898 in Varanasi and this college was
later gifted to Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya for the later to get it converted into Banaras Hindu
University. Also notable points is that foundation for the main campus of BHU was laid by Lord Hardinge
on 4 February 1916, on occasion of Vasant Panchami.
364. The revolt of 1857 was described as a ‘National Rising’ by which of the following political leaders of
Britain?
[A] Canning
[B] Gladstone
[C] Palmerstone
[D] Disraeli
Correct Answer: D [Disraeli]
Explanation: Benjamin Disraeli was leader of Conservative Party and opposition leader in the House of
Commons. He described the revolt of 1857 as ‘a national rising’.
365. Which among the following tribal leaders was regarded as an incarnation of God and father of the
world ?
[A] Nanak Bhil
[B] Jagia Bhagat
[C] Birsa Munda
[D] Siddhu Santha
Correct Answer: C [Birsa Munda]
Explanation: Birsa Munda was an Indian tribal freedom fighter and a folk hero, who belonged to the
Munda tribe, and was behind the best known Millenarian movement of India that rose in the tribal belt
of modern day Bihar, and Jharkhand .Birsa and his disciples set themselves the task of serving the famine-
stricken and sick people. He became a legend during his lifetime and was called “Dharati Aba” (father of
the earth) and was worshipped as “Birsa Bhagwan”.
366. The play ‘Neeldarpan’ is associated with which among the following revolts?
[A] Santhal Revolt
[B] Pabna Riots
[C] Indigo Revolts
[D] Champaran Satyagraha
Correct Answer: C [Indigo Revolts]
Explanation: Neel Darpan was a Bengali play written by Dinabandhu Mitra in 1858–1859. The play was
essential to Nilbidraha, or Indigo revolt of February–March 1859 in Bengal, when farmers refused to sow
indigo in their fields as a protest against exploitative farming under the British Raj.
367. Kunwar Singh was a leader of the revolt of 1857 in which among the following modern states?
[A] Bihar
[B] Jharkhand
[C] Rajasthan
[D] Uttarakhand
Correct Answer: A [Bihar]
Explanation: Babu Veer Kunwar Singh, one of the leaders of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 belonged to a
royal Kshatriya house of Jagdispur, currently a part of Bhojpur district, Bihar.
368. Which among the following leaders was instrumental in bringing the Extremists and the Moderates
together at the Lucknow session of 1916 ?
[A] Gopal Krishna Gokhale

[C] Annie Besant
[D] Mahatma Gandhi
Correct Answer: C [Annie Besant]
Explanation: Moderate and Extremist split in Surat Session 1907 and reunited in 1916 Session due to
efforts of Annie Besant. Annie Besant (1 October 1847 – 1933) was a prominent British socialist,
Theosophist, women’s rights activist, writer and orator and supporter of Irish and Indian self-rule.
369. On the suggestion of Rabindra Nath Tagore, the date of partition of Bengal (October 16, 1905) was
celebrated as__?
[A] Rakhi Bandhan Day
[B] Brotherhood Day
[C] Solidarity Day
[D] Black Day
Correct Answer: A [Rakhi Bandhan Day]
370. The Governor General of India at the time of formation of the Indian National Congress was __?
[A] Lord Chelmsford
[B] Lord Dalhousie
[C] Lord Dufferin
[D] None of these
Correct Answer: C [Lord Dufferin]
Explanation: Lord Dufferin (1826-1902) was the Governor General and Viceroy of India from 1884 to
1888). He had succeeded Lord Ripon in December 1884 and was known as one of the most successful
diplomats of his time. Foundation of Indian National Congress by A O Hume in 1885 and Third Anglo-
Burmese War of 1885 are two important events of his period. The Third Anglo-Burmese War resulted in
the annexation of upper Burma. As a result, his tenure saw the final extinction of Burma as an independent
power.
371. Raja Yoga, Karma Yoga, Bhakti Yoga and Jnana Yoga are the works of which among the following
social reformers of India?
[A] M. G. Ranade
[B] Swami Vivekanand
[C] Ramkrishna Paramhansa
[D] Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Correct Answer: B [Swami Vivekanand]
372. Which among the following was the most important reason for social and religious reforms in
nineteenth century?
[A] Scientific inventions
[B] Industrial revolution
[C] Western education and awakening
[D] Influence of Newspapers
Correct Answer: C [Western education and awakening]
373. With reference to the freedom struggle of India, who among the following was not a part of the
“Bombay Triumvirate”?
[A] Dadabhai Naoroji

[B] K.T. Telang
[C] Pherozeshah Mehta
[D] Badruddin Tyabji
Correct Answer: A [Dadabhai Naoroji]
Explanation: Bombay Triumvirate or the Three Stars of Bombay’s public life included Badruddin Tyabji,
Pherozeshah Mehta and K.T. Telang . All these three veterans had started the Bombay Presidency
Association in 1885.
374. Who wrote ‘Indian War of Independence, 1857′?

[A] R.C Majumdar
[B] V.D. Savarkar
[C] S.B. Chaudhary
[D] S.N. Sen
Correct Answer: B [V.D. Savarkar]
Explanation: V.D. Savarkar : He was the proponent of liberty as the ultimate ideal. Savarkar was a poet,
writer and playwright. He was associated with the India House and founded student societies including
Abhinav Bharat Society and the Free India Society. Savarkar published ‘The Indian War of Independence’
about the Indian rebellion of 1857 that was banned by British authorities.
375. Dalhousie’s worst political blunder was ___?

[A] Annexation of Punjab
[B] Occupation of lower Burma
[C] Abolition of the ‘Doctrine of Lapse’
[D] Annexation of Oudh
Correct Answer: D [Annexation of Oudh]
Explanation: Annexation of Oudh in February 1856 was a very important decision taken by Lord
Dalhousie. But the annexation of Oudh was surely the company’s and Dalhousie’s worst blunder. It proved
disadvantageous for the English as the people of Oudh strongly participated in the Revolt of 1857. The
English used their giant`s strength and had injured their reputation in the eyes of the Indians. During the
Revolt of 1857, the sepoys of Oudh had brought about havoc and had added to the difficulties of the
British. It is said that the forced abduction of Wajid Ali Shah and annexation of Oudh were offences against
good faith and public conscience.
376. The Congress is in reality a civil war without arms.

The above statement was made by ___?
[A] W. Wedderburn
[B] Sir Saiyid Ahmad Khan
[C] D.W. Bethune
[D] Lord Dufferin
Correct Answer: B [Sir Saiyid Ahmad Khan]
Explanation: The above statement was made by Sir Saiyid Ahmad Khan, who denounced congress in blunt
terms. “The Congress is in reality,” he said, “a civil war without arms. The object of a civil war is to
determine in whose hands the rule of the country shall rest.”
377. Who among the following founded Theosophical Society in USA?

[A] Dr. Annie Besant
[B] A. O. Hume
[C] Tilak and Gokhale

[D] Madam Blavatsky and Olcott
Correct Answer: D [Madam Blavatsky and Olcott]
Explanation: Madam HP Blavatsky, a Russian woman & Col. H.S Olcott, an American, founded the
Theosophical Society in Newyork in 1875. They advocated the revival & strengthening of ancient religions
of Hinduism.
378. The first President of the Indian Home Rule League (1916) was__?
[A] Joseph Bapista
[B] Annie Besant
[C] N.C. Kelkar
[D] B.G. Tilak
Correct Answer: A [Joseph Bapista]
Explanation: Indian Home Rule League of Bal Gangadhar Tilak was launched in April 1916 and Home Rule
League in Sept 1916 by Annie Besant. Joseph Bapista was the first President of the Indian Home Rule
League established in April 1916.
379. The founder of Satya Shodhak Samaj was ___?

[A] Atmaram Pandurang
[B] Gopal Hari Deshmukh
[C] M. G. Ranade
[D] Jyotiba Phule
Correct Answer: D [Jyotiba Phule]
Explanation: Jyotiba Phule was an activist, thinker, social reformer, writer, philosopher, theologist,
scholar, editor and revolutionary from Maharashtra founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj in 1873 in
Maharshtra.
380. Who among the following is known as Father of Muslim Renaissance in Bengal?
[A] Syed Ahmad Khan
[B] Ameer Ali
[C] Nawab Abdul Latif Khan
[D] Nawab Samiullah Khan
Correct Answer: C [Nawab Abdul Latif Khan]
Explanation: Nawab Abdul Latif Khan: (1828-1893)a prominent personality of mid 19th century Bengal,
the pioneer of Muslim modernization and the architect of the Muslim Renaissance, was one of those great
men who appeared as saviours of their frustrated, humiliated, demoralized and disorganised fellow
countrymen under colonial rule. His chief contribution was in the field of education. He was among the
first to understand that young Bengali Muslims should receive modern education. He understood that the
Muslims of Bengal had fallen behind in everything because of their prejudices against modern education.
He devoted his whole life to removing this self-destructive prejudice from their minds.
381. Who among the following was not one of the founding fathers of the All India Muslim League?
[A] Nawab Moshin-ul-Mulk
[B] Maulana Abul KalamAzad
[C] Aga Khan
[D] Nawab Salimullah of Dacca
Correct Answer: B [Maulana Abul KalamAzad]
Explanation: In Dec. 1906 “All India Muslim League” was set up under the leadership of Aga Khan, Nawab
Salimullah Khan of Dacca and Nawab Mohsin-ul Mulk at Dacca. The League supported the Partition of
Bengal and opposed the Swadeshi Movement and demanded the special safeguards for its community
and separate electorate of Muslims.
382. Which was the only session of Indian National Congress, presided by Mahatma Gandhi?
[A] Allahabad
[B] Guwahati
[C] Belgaum
[D] Kakinada
Correct Answer: C [Belgaum]
Explanation: Gandhiji became the president of Indian National Congress in 1924 at the Belgaum session
of Indian National Congress.
383. The resolution of Swadeshi was adopted in which session of Congress?

[A] Madras session of 1903
[B] Bombay session of 1904
[C] Benaras session of 1905
[D] Calcutta session of 1906
Correct Answer: D [Calcutta session of 1906]
Explanation: The resolution of Swadeshi was adopted in 1906 Calcutta session of the Indian National
Congress. This session was headed by Dada Bhai Naoroji. Prior to this, in Banaras 1905 session, a
resolution of boycott of British goods was put forward. However, it was 1906 session at Calcutta in which
four resolutions on self-government, boycott movement, Swadeshi and national education were passed
by the Congress. Dadabhai Naoroji said in his presidential speech: “we do not ask for favours we want
only justice. Instead of going into any further divisions or details of our rights as British citizens the whole
matter can be comprised in one word – self-government or Swaraj like that of the United Kingdom or
colonies.”
384. President of Indian National Congress at the time of independence was___?

[A] J. B. Kripalani
[B] Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
[C] Dr. Rajendra Prasad
[D] Jawahar Lal Nehru
Correct Answer: A [J. B. Kripalani]
Explanation: J.B. Kripalani was the President of Indian National Congress at the time of independence.
Acharya (scholar) Jiwantram Bhagwandas Kripalani was a Gandhian Socialist, environmentalist, mystic and
freedom fighter, noted for his incorruptibility and determination.
385. Who is known as Father of Indian Unrest ?

[A] Dadabhai Nauroji
[B] G. K. Gokhale
[C] Mahatma Gandhi
[D] Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Correct Answer: D [Bal Gangadhar Tilak]
Explanation: Bal Gangadhar Tilak joined congress in 1890. Valentine Chirol called him “Father of Indian
Unrest”, who first of all demanded complete “Swarajya”.
386. The first Englishmen to preside over a Congress session was __?
[A] George Yule
[B] Dufferin
[C] W. Wedderburn
Correct Answer: A [George Yule]
Explanation: George Yule was a Scottish businessman who became the fourth President of INC in 1888,the
first non-indian to hold that office.
387. Which among the following organizations merged with Congress in 1886?
[A] East Indian Association
[B] Indian National Association
[C] British Indian Association
[D] Indian League
Correct Answer: B [Indian National Association]
Explanation: The Second session of the Indian National Congress was held in 1886 in Calcutta. The
President of the session was Dadabhai Naoroji. In this session the Indian Association merged with the
Indian National Congress. (The Indian National Association was the founded by Surendranath Banerjee
and Anand Mohan Bose in 1876.).
388. The British empire is rotten to the core, corrupt in every direction and tyrannical and mean.
The above statement was made by __?
[A] Mrs. Annie Besant
[B] W. Digby
[C] Sister Nivedita
[D] William Wedderburn
Correct Answer: C [Sister Nivedita]
Explanation: Sister Nivedita : Born as Margaret Elizabeth Noble, she was more popularly known as sister
Nivedita. She was a Scots-Irish social worker, author, teacher and a disciple of Swami Vivekananda. She
was described as a real lioness by Vivekananda, ‘Lokmata’ (the mother of the people) by Rabindra Nath
Tagore and Agnishikha (the flame of fire) by Aurobindo Ghosh. In England she was known as ‘The
Champion for India’. Many of her letters written between 1900-1905 to her friend Miss Macleod reveal
her hatred for British rule. One such letter writes “The British empire is rotten to the core – corrupt in
every direction, and tyrannical and mean.
389. Which among the following was the venue of the INA trial?
[A] Calcutta High Court
[B] Supreme Court
[C] Federal Court
[D] Red Fort
Correct Answer: D [Red Fort]
Explanation: I.N.A. (Indian National Army) trial : P.K.Sehgal,Shah Nawaj Khan and Gurubaksh Singh Dhillon
were put on trial at the Red Fort in Nov 1945. The chief defence advocate during INA trial was Bhulabhai
Desai.
390. Which among the following was the most revolutionary secret organization of Bengal?
[A] Abhinava Bharat
[B] Mitra Mela
[C] Ghadar Party

[D] Anushilan Samiti
Correct Answer: D [Anushilan Samiti]
Explanation: Anushilan Samiti: The most revolutionary secret organization of Bengal was founded by
Pramath Nath Mitra in 1902.
391. The Grand Old Man of Indian politics was__?

[A] Bipin Chandra Pal
[B] Dadabhai Naoroji
[C] Surendra Nath Bannerjee
[D] Rasbehari Bose
Correct Answer: B [Dadabhai Naoroji]
Explanation: Dadabhai Naoroji is known as mentor of both Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Mahatma Gandhi.
His magnum opus ‘‘Poverty and UnBritish Rule in India’’ propounded the ‘‘drain theory’’ He was the first
Indian to become a member of the House of Commons on the Liberal Party ticket. He became the
president of INC thrice, in 1886, 1893 and 1906.
392. Moderates and the Extremists in the Indian National Congress split in 1907 at __?
[A] Surat
[B] Calcutta
[C] Nagpur
[D] Madras
Correct Answer: A [Surat]
1907,when against the wishes of Extremists who preferred Lala Laj Pat rai to be the President ; Dr. Raj
Bhirai Ghosh was elected as the Congress President.The Extremists left the Congress. After the surat Split,
most of the extremist leaders including Lal,Bal,Pal were arrested and were given long term imprisonment.
393. Who among the following defended Aurbindo Ghosh in the Alipore conspiracy case?
[A] Tej Bahadur Sapru
[B] Motilal Nehru
[D] Chitranjan Das
Correct Answer: D [Chitranjan Das]
Explanation: Chitta Ranjan Das (Deshbandhu) (1870-1925). A great nationalist and famous jurist, he
defended Aurobindo Ghose in the Alipore Conspiracy Case (1908) and was the defense counsel in the
Dacca Conspiracy Case. He was the elected President of the Congress session held in Ahmedabad in 1921.
He was a founder of the Swarajya Party. He presided over the All-India Trade Union Congress at Lahore in
1923 and at Ahmedabad in 1924.
394. Which city is known for the “Jhanda Satyagraha or Flag Satyagraha ” and observance of the All India
Flag Day on June 18, 1923?
[A] Kanpur
[B] Nagpur
[C] Nainital
[D] Bhopal
Correct Answer: B [Nagpur]
Explanation: With the observance of the All India Flag Day on June 18, 1923, the Jhanda Satyagraha
assumed national complexion with Nagpur as its headquarters and “Nagpur Chalo” as its slogan.
395. Which among the following was the venue of All India Khilafat Conference, 1919?
[A] Lucknow
[B] Delhi
[C] Aligarh
[D] Porbandar
Correct Answer: B [Delhi]
Explanation: All India Khilafat Conference: In November 1919, a joint conference of the Muslims and
Hindus was called at Delhi in pursuance of the Muslim League President Fazl-ul-Haq. Gandhi ji suggested
to start the non –cooperation movement which was opposed by Jinnah. In December 1919, the Khilafat
Conference held its second session. The third Khilafat Conference was held in February 1920 at Bombay.
396. Who among the following were the main leaders of Khilafat Movement?
[A] Syed Ahmad Khan and Agha khan
[B] Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali
[C] Muhammad Iqbal and Salimullah Khan
[D] Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Sikandar Hayat Khan
Correct Answer: B [Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali]
Explanation: The main object of the Khilafat Movement was to force the British Government to change
its attitude towards Turkey and restore the Turkish Sultan (Khalifa) to his former position. A Khilafat
committee was formed under the leadership of Ali brothers, Maulana Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan, and Hasrat
Mohani.
397. Which among the following marks Mahatma Gandhi’s first fast unto death?
[A] Kheda Satyagraha
[B] Champaran Satyagraha
[C] Ahmedabad Mill Strike
[D] Jallianwala Bagh tragedy
Correct Answer: C [Ahmedabad Mill Strike]
Explanation: In March 1918, under the leadership of Gandhi, there was a strike in the cotton mills in
Ahmedabad. It was at this juncture that Gandhi began the ‘first’ of his seventeen ‘fasts unto death’ on 15
March, 1918
398. Who among the following is said to have hatched the Delhi Conspiracy 1912?
[A] Rasbehari Bose
[B] Bhai Paramanand
[C] Sachindranath Sanyal
[D] Sohan Lal Pathak
Correct Answer: A [Rasbehari Bose]
Explanation: Delhi conspiracy refers to a conspiracy in 1912 to assassinate the then Viceroy of India, Lord
Hardinge, on the occasion of transferring the capital of British India from Calcutta to New Delhi. On
December 23rd 1912, when the possession of Lord Hardinge reached Chandni Chowk (Delhi), a bomb
aimed at Hardinge ended up killing a man to his right and 20 other spectators. Basanta Kumar Bisbas, who
threw the bomb disguised as a lady was arrested and hanged in Ambala jail. It is said that the Delhi
Conspiracy was hatched by Ras Bihari Bose, but was never proved.
399. Who among the following established the Bhil Seva Mandal in 1922?
[A] Narain Malhar Joshi
[B] Amritlal Vitthaldas Thakkar
[C] Jyotiba Phule
[D] Baba Amte
Correct Answer: B [Amritlal Vitthaldas Thakkar]
Explanation: Amritlal Vithaldas Thakkar, popularly known as Thakkar Bapa He was an Indian social worker
who worked for upliftment of tribal people in Gujarat state in India. In 1922, he founded the Bhil Seva
Mandal.
400. Who among the following established the Ved Samaj in Madras in 1864?
[A] Keshabchandra Sen
[B] Lokhitwadi
[C] Shibnath Shastri
[D] Debendranath Tagore
Correct Answer: A [Keshabchandra Sen]
Explanation: Reform in Southern India Brahmo Samaj under the leadership of Keshabchandra Sen made
its appearance in 1864 in Madras with the name Ved Samaj.
401. The magna carta of western education system in India is___?

[A] The report of the Committee of Public Instruction, 1823
[B] The Charter Act of 1833
[C] Report of the Hunter Commission, 1862
[D] Wood’s Despatch, 1854
Correct Answer: D [Wood’s Despatch, 1854]
Explanation: Wood’s Despatch on Education in 1854 laid the foundation of Indian educational system and
the establishments of Universities in Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai. The despatch came to be considered
as the Magna Carta of English education in India. The Scheme of education, as proposed by Wood`s
Despatch, envisaged a co-ordinated system of education through out the country.
402. Who among the following preached the doctrine of “One religion, one caste and one God for
mankind“?
[A] Jyotiba Phule
[B] Vivekananda
[C] Sri Narayan Guru
[D] Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
Correct Answer: C [Sri Narayan Guru]
Explanation: Sri Narayana Guru preached the doctrine of ‘One caste, One religion, One God.’ Its worth
note that one of his athiest disciples, Sahadaran Ayyapan, changed into ‘no religion, no caste and no God
for mankind.
403. The leader of revolt of 1857 in Lucknow was __?

[A] Tatya Tope
[B] Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah
[C] Birjis Qadir
[D] Begum Hazrat Mahal
Correct Answer: D [Begum Hazrat Mahal]
Explanation: Begum Hazrat Mahal: The wife of Nawab Wazid Ali Shah of Awadh. She ruled on behalf of
her 11-year-old son Birjis Qadar .and led the revolt of 1857 in Lucknow. She refused to accept the pension
offered to her by the British and choose to die unmourned in Nepal.
404. Which among the following was NOT annexed into the East India territories via the Doctrine of Lapse?
[A] Satara
[B] Nagpur
[C] Jhansi
[D] Mysore
Correct Answer: D [Mysore]
Explanation: The company took over the princely states of Satara (1848), Jaitpur and Sambalpur (1849),
Nagpur and Jhansi (1854), Tanjore and Arcot (1855) and Awadh (Oudh, 1856, with the reason that the
ruler was not ruling properly) and Udaipur using this doctrine. Mysore was not among them.
405. Who among the following entered into a triple alliance against Haider immediately before the first
Anglo-Mysore war of 1767-69?
1. The English
2. Nizam of Hyderabad
3. The Marathas
4. Raja of Travancore
Choose the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] 1,2,3
[B] 1,3,4
[C] 1,2,4
[D] 2,3,4
Correct Answer: A [1,2,3]
Explanation: In 1766 the British, the Marathas, and the Nizam of Hyderabad entered into a triple alliance
against Haider. However, Haider soon bought off the Marathas. The Nizam abandoned the war in 1768,
leaving the British to face Haider Ali alone. The latter attacked Arcot and reached the outskirts of Madras.
He dictated peace on the basis of the status quo. The English also agreed to help Haider Ali against any
third party invasion in future.
406. Which among the following was the first Presidency of British East India Company in India ?
[A] Madras
[B] Masulipattam
[C] Surat
[D] Hungli
Correct Answer: C [Surat]
Explanation: Surat was the first Presidency of British East India Company in India. The other Presidency
of the Company at that time in the east was at Bantam in Java where Captain Lancaster had, earlier, during
1601-1603, established a factory of the Company.
407. Which among the following apparently impressed Jahangir to issue a farman in 1613 A.D. to the
English to establish a factory at Surat?
[A] Reconciliation between the English and Portuguese
[B] A secret offer of naval help to the Mughal emperor to oust the Portuguese
[C] A heavy dose of bribe to Nur Jahan
[D] The defeat of Portuguese naval squadrons by the English
Correct Answer: D [The defeat of Portuguese naval squadrons by the English]

Explanation: In 1613 AD, Jahangir issued a farman permitting English to establish a factory permanently
at Surat. In 1612, the newly formed company had sent four ships under Captain Thomas Best to trade
with India. These were mercantile ships but were capable of defending themselves. The defeated the
Portuguse, who were alread there in Surat for at least 100 years. This defeat apparently so impressed the
Emperor Jehangir that he granted the British squadron a firman to trade.
408. On which among the following occasions, Bombay was handed over to Britishers by the Portuguese?
[A] Freedom of Portuguese from the control of Spain
[B] Marriage of Charles II with the Portuguese princess Catherine of Braganza
[C] Crushing of Spanish Armada by British in 1588
[D] The Treaty of Madrid in 1630
Correct Answer: B [Marriage of Charles II with the Portuguese princess Catherine of Braganza]
Explanation: Marriage of Charles II with the Portuguese princess Catherine of Braganza was the occasion
of handing over of Bombay to Britishers by the Portuguese (as part of dowry ). On 21 September 1668,
the Royal Charter of 27 March 1668, led to the transfer of Bombay from Charles II to the British East India
Company for an annual rent of £10.
409. Who among the following was the French explorer who visited court of Emperor Shah Jahan and left
a detailed account of Takht-i-Taus (Peacock throne) ?
[A] Jean-Baptiste Tavernier
[B] Geronimo Verroneo
[C] Pierre-Jean Grosley
[D] Jean-Paul Dubois
Correct Answer: A [Jean-Baptiste Tavernier]
Explanation: Jean-Baptiste Tavernier,a French jeweller and traveller of the Mughal period has left a
detailed account of Takht-i-Taus (Peacock throne). Peacock throne was a dazzling and spectacular display
of Mughal architecture. Its construction was undertaken by the Emperor Shah Jahan and he personally
spent a great deal of time and energy in the designing of the Throne.
410. Which among the following was the venue of the Second Round Table Conference at London?
[A] St. James Palace
[B] Kingsley Palace
[C] Buckingham Palace
[D] 10, Downing Street
Correct Answer: A [St. James Palace]
Explanation: Second Round Table Conference 1931 : It was held in London during the viceroyalty of Lord
Willingdon during Sept- Dec. 1931 and Gandhi ji attended as the soul representative of Congress. But the
conference was failed because Gandhiji didn’t’ agree on the policy of communal representation. Gandhi
at the Second Round Conference, St. James Palace London.
411. “Springing Tiger: A Study of a Revolutionary” is a biographical work on __?

[A] Bhagat Singh
[B] Chandrashekhar Azad
[C] Subhas Chandra Bose
[D] Shyamji Krishna Verma
Correct Answer: C [Subhas Chandra Bose]
Explanation: Springing Tiger is the work of Hugh Toye about Subhash Chandra Bose. This book presents
the little known facts about the World War II and the Anglo-Indian relations during those periods. The
author vividly describes the life, philosophy, idealism, nationalism and political astuteness of Subhash
Chandra Bose.
412. Consider the following events of Indian National Movement.

1. Gandhi Irwin Pact
2. Poona Pact
3. Karachi Session of Indian National Congress.
4. Individual Satyagraha
Select the correct chronological order of the events from the codes given below.
Codes:
[A] 1, 3, 2, 4
[B] 2, 3, 4, 1
[C] 3, 4, 2, 1
[D] 4, 3, 2, 1
Correct Answer: A [1, 3, 2, 4]
Explanation: Gandhi Irwin Pact signed on March 5,1931.
Karachi Session of Indian National Congress held on March 26-31,1931.
Poona Pact: agreement between Gandhi And BR Ambedkar on September 25,1932.
Individual Satyagraha was started on 1940-41.
413. The first Indian woman to preside a session of Indian National Congress was__?
[A] Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
[B] Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
[C] Aruna Asaf Ali
[D] Sarojini Naidu
Correct Answer: D [Sarojini Naidu]
Explanation: Sarojini Naidu, popularly known as ‘Nightingle of India’ was the second woman (After Annie
Besant) and first Indian woman to become congress president. The Presided the Kanpur session in 1925.
She was also the first woman governor of an Indian state ( United Provinces of Agra and Oudh). She was
also a great poetess whose romanticism charmed people in India and Europe. Some of her literary works
include the Golden Threshold (1905), The Broken Wing (1917), The Bird of Time and The Magic Lute.
414. The Congress and Muslim League had most cordial relationships in between which among the
following years?
[A] 1906 to 1916
[B] 1916 to 1922
[C] 1922 to 1928
[D] 1928 to 1934
Correct Answer: B [1916 to 1922]
415. Kumaran Asan is associated with the social renaissance in which among the following current states?
[A] Kerala
[B] Tamil Nadu
[C] Andhra Pradesh
Correct Answer: A [Kerala]
Explanation: Kumaran Asan (1873–1924), also known as Mahakavi Kumaran Asan, was one of the
triumvirate poets of Kerala, South India. He was also a philosopher, a social reformer and a disciple of
Sree Narayana Guru.
416. The annulment of Partition of Bengal was done by __?

[A] Lord Curzon
[B] Lord Minto
[C] Lord Hardinge
[D] Lord Chelmsford
Correct Answer: C [Lord Hardinge]
417. Which among the following regions was most affected by the Revolution of 1857?
[A] Punjab
[B] Maharastra
[C] Avadh
[D] Madras
Correct Answer: C [Avadh]
Explanation: The Revolt of 1857: Awadh, one of the main centers of the Revolt, was annexed by Lord
Dalhousie, Governor General of India, in 1856. Begum Hazrat Mahal also known as Begum of Awadh,
during the national liberation uprising of 1857-59 in India headed the rebels
418. Mahalwari System of Revenue Settlement was introduced in which of the following?
[A] Bengal
[B] Bombay
[C] Madras
[D] North west provinces
Correct Answer: D [North west provinces]
Explanation: Land revenue system Permanent settlement introduced in Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and districts
of Benaras and Northern districts of Madras by Lorrd Cornwallis in 1793. Ryotwari System introduced in
Bombay and Madras. Mahalwari system was introduced in the North-West Provinces, the Punjab, Delhi,
Parts of Central India and Uttar Pradesh In this system, the land was not owned by an individual be it
zamindar or any cultivator but by a group of estates or villages called Mahal. The Mahal was collectively
known as the landlord and revenue was collected from the head of the Mahal, also known as Talukdar
419. What is the correct chronological order of setting up of the following Commissions?
1. Macdonell Commission
2. First Industrial Commission
3. First Fiscal commission
[A] 1, 2, 3
[B] 2, 3, 1
[C] 2, 1, 3
[D] 1, 3, 2
Correct Answer: A [1, 2, 3]
Explanation: Macdonell Commission 1901 was the famine commission appointed by Lord Curzon.
First Industrial Commission: In 1916 an Industrial Commission was appointed to find out means for giving
encouragement for the growth of Indian industries. The report of the commission was submitted in 1918.
First Fiscal Commission: Indian Fiscal Commission was established in 1919 and it recommended tariff
protection for certain industries. As a follow up to the recommendations to this commission, a tariff board
was established in 1923 and in 1924, the Steel Industry of India was given protection.
420. The British East India Company ceased to be a trading Company via which among the following
legislation?
[A] Pitts India Act of 1784
Correct Answer: B [Charter Act of 1833]
Explanation: The charter act 1833: It is considered to be an attempt to codify all Indian Laws. The
Governor General of Bengal now became the The Governor General of India. One of the Provision of this
act – “the East India Company now lost its trading privilege i.e., tea and monopoly in China, henceforth it
became a purely administrative body under the crown.”
421. Which one of the following native states was NOT annexed by the British on the basis of the Doctrine
of Lapse?
[A] Satara
[B] Punjab
[C] Jhansi
[D] Karauli
Correct Answer: B [Punjab]
Explanation: Doctrine of Lapse: formula devised by Lord Dalhousie, governor-general of India (1848–56),
to deal with questions of succession to Hindu Indian states.
• Satara was annexed in 1848.
• Sambalpur was annexed in 1849.
• Karauli was annexed in 1852.
• Jhansi was annexed in 1854.
422. Avadh was annexed into the British East India territories on which ground?
[A] Doctrine of Lapse
[B] Alleged misgovernment
[C] Failure to pay subsidy
[D] Maintenance of relations with foreign powers
Correct Answer: B [Alleged misgovernment]
Explanation: The kingdom of Oudh was the only great Indian state whose ruler Nawab Wajid Ali Shah was
dispossessed on the ground of “intolerable misgovernment”. Awadh was annexed in February 1856 via a
proclamation.
423. Who said that British established a robber state in Bengal between 1765 and 1772 ?
[A] G. W. Forrest
[B] Lord Macaulay
[C] K. M. Panikkar
[D] Nand Lal Chatterji
Correct Answer: C [K. M. Panikkar]
Explanation: K.M. Panikkar was an Indian scholar, journalist, historian, administrator and diplomat. He
wrote that between 1765-1772, British had “established a robber state where, without reference to the
rights of the others, they freely plundered and looted under the cover of thier rights”.
424. The first victim of the British policy of Subsidiary Alliance was___?
[A] Avadh
[B] Mewar
[C] Mysore
[D] Hyderabad
Correct Answer: D [Hyderabad]
Explanation: A subsidiary alliance is an alliance between a dominant nation and a nation that it
dominates.The 1st victim of the policy of subsidiary alliance of Lord Wellesley was the Nizam of
Hyderabad.
425. The Peshwa accepted the Subsidiary Alliance with the British via which among the following treaties?
[A] Treaty of Purandhar
[B] Treaty of Bassein
[C] Treaty of Salbai
[D] Treaty of Surji Arjungaon
Correct Answer: B [Treaty of Bassein]
426. Under which among the following treaties, the British East India Company secured the Diwani right
of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa?
[A] Alinagar
[B] Faizabad
[C] Allahabad
[D] Benaras
Correct Answer: C [Allahabad]
Explanation: Treaty of Allahabad ( 16 August 1765), it was the outcome of the Battle of Buxar (1764).
Robert Clive (Governor General of Bengal) made a separate treaty with Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II and
Nawab of Awadh Shuja-ud-daullah. A/c to this treaty, Mughal Emperor granted Fiscal Rights (Diwani) to
the East India Company at Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
427. Which among the following was the first establishment of Dutch in current territories of Odisha?
[A] Calcutta
[B] Chinsura
[C] Pippli
[D] Balasore
Correct Answer: C [Pippli]
Explanation: Pippli was the first place where the Dutch had established themselves in current territories
of Odisha. It was soon abandoned for Balasore.
428. Which among the following British men tried to obtain a Firman for trade in Gujarat from Emperor
Akbar?
[A] Ralph Fitch
[B] John Mildenhall
[C] Sir Thomas Roe
[D] Thomas Stephens
Correct Answer: B [John Mildenhall]

Explanation: John Mildenhall was a British explorer and adventurer and one of the first to make an
overland journey to India. He was the self-styled ambassador of the British East India Company in India.
His is the first recorded burial of an Englishman in India. He bluffed in Akbar’s court that he was Her
Britannic Majesty’s ambassador. Though he was admitted in the Durbar of Akbar, so that he became the
first Englishman privileged to be received by the Great Mughal; yet he could never win the confidence of
the Mughal Emperor. Portuguese Jesuits played to keep him or English away from the Mughals.
429. In which among the following years, Bombay transferred to the East India Company by Charles II ?
[A] 1662 A.D.
[B] 1664 A.D.
[C] 1666 A.D.
[D] 1668 A.D.
Correct Answer: D [1668 A.D.]
Explanation: On 21 September 1668, the Royal Charter of 27 March 1668, led to the transfer of Bombay
from Charles II to the British East India Company for an annual rent of £10.
430. The most important reason for collection of “Chauth” and “Sardeshmukhi” by Marathas was __?
[A] To increase the source of income
[B] To expand his territories
[C] To consolidate his political influence
[D] Because of the opposition of Muslim rulers
Correct Answer: A [To increase the source of income]
Explanation: Shivaji collected the chauth and sardeshmukhi from the territory which was either under his
enemies or under his own influence. The chauth was one fourth part of the income of a particular territory
while the sardeshmukhi was one tenth. Shivaji collected these taxes simply by force of his arms. These
constituted of the primary sources of income of Shivaji and helped in the extension of the power and
territory of the Marathas.
431. Who among the following was not included in the “Asta Pradhan” of Shivaji ?
[A] Sumant
[B] Majmudar
[C] Vakiyanavis
[D] Vakeel
Correct Answer: D [Vakeel]
Explanation: Ashta Pradhan Pantpradhan or Peshwa – Prime Minister, general administration of the
Empire. Amatya – Finance Minister, managing accounts of the Empire. Sacheev – Secretary, preparing
royal edicts. Mantri – Interior Minister, managing internal affairs especially intelligence and espionage.
Senapati – Commander-in-Chief, managing the forces and defense of the Empire. Sumant – Foreign
Minister, to manage relationships with other sovereigns. Nyayadhish – Chief Justice, dispensing justice on
civil and criminal matters. Panditrao – High Priest, managing internal religious matters.
432. Hind Swaraj, a book by Mahatma Gandhi in 1909 was originally written in __?
[A] Hindi
[B] Urdu
[C] Gujarati
[D] English
Correct Answer: C [Gujarati]
433. Fatehchand (one of the traitors of Plassey) was bestowed with the title of Jagath Seth by __?
[A] Alivardi Khan
[B] Sirajuddaula
[C] Mir Zafar
[D] Muhammad Shah
Correct Answer: D [Muhammad Shah]
Explanation: Fatehchand was adopted son of Manik Chand. He obtained the title of “Seth” from the
Emperor Farrakhsiyar. Muhammad Shah bestowed him with the title of “Jagat Seth”.
434. With reference to Bahadur Shah Zafar, which among the following statements is not true?
[A] He was an emperor without empire
[B] He was a warrior without any war experience
[C] Hassan Askari was his spiritual guide
[D] He succeeded to the throne in 1845 A.D.
Correct Answer: D [He succeeded to the throne in 1845 A.D.]
435. Who of the following wrote the first Indian poetic work in English?
[A] Kashi Prasad Ghosh
[B] Ramchandra Vidyavagish
[C] Krishna Mohan Banerjee
[D] Hariharanand
Correct Answer: A [Kashi Prasad Ghosh]
Explanation: First Indian poetic work in English, The Shair and Other Poems by Kashi Prasad Ghosh was
published in 1830.
436. Who was the last Maratha chief to accept the Subsidiary Alliance of the British?
[A] Gaikwad
[B] Scindia
[C] Holkar
[D] Bhonsle
Correct Answer: C [Holkar]
Explanation: The doctrine of subsidiary alliance was introduced by Marquess (or Lord) Wellesley, British
Governor-General of India from 1798 to 1805 . Under this doctrine, Indian rulers under British protection
surrendered control of their foreign affairs to the British. Hyderabad first signed it. The five Maratha chiefs
entered into subsidiary alliance as follows: Peshava →1802 Scindia →1804 Gaekwa →1805 Bhonsle
→1806 Holkar →1818.
437. Which was the first State to be created on linguistic basis ?

[A] Madras
[B] Andhra Pradesh
[C] Andhra State
[D] Gujarath
Correct Answer: C [Andhra State]
Explanation: The congress in its Jaipur session appointed a three member committee also popularly
known as JVP committee after the name of its leaders – Jawaharlal Nehru,Vallabh Bhai Patel and Pattabhai
Sitaramaya.The committee rejected language as the bass of reorganization of states.. Potti Sreeramulu,
one of the activists demanding the formation of a Telugu-majority state, died on 16 December 1952 after
undertaking a fast-unto-death. This resulted in the creation of the first state on linguistic basis for Telugu
speaking people called Andhra State on October 1, 1953. It was later renamed Andhra Pradesh.
438. The Bijauliya Movement is related to the agrarian struggle in the current state of __?
[A] Kerala
[B] Assam
[C] Odisha
[D] Rajasthan
Correct Answer: D [Rajasthan]
Explanation: Bijoliya Kisaan Andolan- It was a pioneer agrarian movement in the Mewar State in present
Udaipur District.The Jagirdar of Bijolia was a Parmar Rajput having 96 villages in his jagir. There were 86
different taxes on peasants against which peasants revolted in 1905. The initial leadership was provided
by Sitaram Das. The movement got linked to national movement. Vijay (Bijoy) Singh Pathik and Manik Lal
Verma (future Chief Minister of Rajasthan) led a no tax movement in 1916. It was called Bijolia movement.
The peasants refused to do begar and held back the taxes. The movement continued through 1920s and
spread over to other States of Rajputana.
439. Who was the President of the “Flag Committee”?

[A] B. R. Ambedkar
[B] J. B. Kriplani
[C] Hakim Ajmal Khan
Correct Answer: D [Dr. Rajendra Prasad]
Explanation: Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the head of the Ad hoc committee on National Flag in the
constituent assembly. The flag of the congress party was accepted as the National Flag with few changes
on July 22, 1947. The new flag code of India gives freedom to individual to hoist the flag on all days, but
with due respect to the flag.
440. Which one of the following leaders was not a part of Non-cooperation movement ?
[A] M. A. Ansari
[B] M. A. Zinnah
[C] Abul Kalam Azad
[D] Hakim Ajmal Khan
Correct Answer: B [M. A. Zinnah]
Explanation: Non cooperation movement (1920-22) was led by Mahatma Gandhi Veterans like Bal
Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Annie Besant opposed the idea outright. But
the younger generation of Indian nationalists were thrilled, and backed Gandhiji. The Congress Party
adopted his plans, and he received extensive support from Muslim leaders like Abul Kalam Azad, Mukhtar
Ahmed Ansari, Hakim Ajmal Khan, Abbas Tyabji, Maulana Mohammad Ali and Maulana Shaukat Ali.
441. Who is considered the “Father of Muslim Renaissance in Bengal” in Bengal?

[A] Abdul Latif
[B] Mirza Ghulam Ahmed
[C] Muhammad Qasim
[D] Rashid Ahmed Gangohi
Correct Answer: A [Abdul Latif]
Explanation: Nawab Abdul Latif Khan: (1828-1893) a prominent personality of mid 19th century Bengal,
the pioneer of Muslim modernization and the architect of the Muslim Renaissance, was one of those great
men who appeared as saviours of their frustrated, humiliated, demoralized and disorganised fellow
countrymen under colonial rule His chief contribution was in the field of education. He was among the
first to understand that young Bengali Muslims should receive modern education. He understood that the
Muslims of Bengal had fallen behind in everything because of their prejudices against modern education.
He devoted his whole life to removing this self-destructive prejudice from their minds.
442. In which year English was made the medium of instruction in India ?
[A] 1844 A.D
[B] 1835 A.D.
[C] 1833 A.D.
[D] 1813 A.D.
Correct Answer: B [1835 A.D.]
Explanation: The English Education Act was a legislative Act of the Council of India in 1835 giving effect
to a decision in 1835 by William Bentinck, the Governor-General of British India to reallocate funds the
East India Company was required by the British Parliament to spend on education and literature in India.
In the same year, British Government designated English as the medium of education for schools and
universities.
443. The most fervent supporter of Gandhi’s proposal for an all-out campaign of civil disobedience during
Quit India Movement was ?
[A] Ram Manohar Lohia
[B] Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
[D] Jai Prakash Narayan
Correct Answer: B [Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]
Explanation: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel- known as the “Iron Man of India” or “Bismarck of India”. Patel was
most fervent supporter of Gandhi’s proposal for an all-out campaign of civil disobedience to force the
British to Quit India. He participated in Gandhi’s call for individual disobedience, and was arrested in 1940
and imprisoned for nine months. He also opposed the proposals of the Cripps’ mission in 1942.
444. The biographical memoir of A. O. Hume was written by __?

[A] W. Wederbirn
[B] Lord Dufferin
[C] J. Charles
Correct Answer: A [W. Wederbirn]
Explanation: Sir William Wedderburn, or W. Wederbirn was a Scottish civil servant in India and a
politician. He wrote a biographical memoir of A. O. Hume who died in 1912. (A. O. Hume was the founder
of the Indian National Congress).
445. The Two Nation Theory was propounded in which session of the Muslim League?
[A] Lahore Session, 1940
[B] Bombay Session, 1915
[C] Delhi Session, 1918
[D] Calcutta Session, 1917
Correct Answer: A [Lahore Session, 1940]
Explanation: Fazlul Haq, the premier of Bengal, who along with Muslim League had formed the
government of Bengal Province ,moved a resolution ,which was passed by Muslim League. In this session
,Jinnah in his presidential address gave the famous Two.Nation Theory as fellows: “India cannot be
assumed today to be Unitarian and homogeneous nation,but on the contrary ,there are two nations in
the main- the Hindus and Muslims”. The term Pakistan was not used in this session. Gandhiji rejected the
two nation theory.
446. The Treaty of Alinagar was signed in ___?

[A] February 1756
[B] September 1756
[C] February 1757
[D] April 1757
Correct Answer: C [February 1757]
Explanation: February 9, 1757 the treaty of Alinagar (changed name of Calcutta) was signed between
Robert Clive of the British East India Company and the Nawab of Bengal, Mirza Muhammad Siraj Ud Daula.
According to this treaty a)All preivileges granted by Farrukshiyar were confirmed. b)All goods under the
british dastak went to be duty free. c)The british were given right of making coin in Bengal. The signing of
the treaty was one of the events leading up to the famous Battle of Plassey.
447. During the company rule, the Hindu Widows Remarriage Act was drafted by__ ?
[A] Lord Canning
[B] Lord Dalhousie
[C] Lord Hardinge
Correct Answer: B [Lord Dalhousie]
Explanation: The Hindu Widows’ Remarriage Act, 1856, also Act XV, 1856, enacted on 25 July 1856,
legalized the remarriage of Hindu widows in all jurisdictions of India under East India Company rule was
drafted by Lord Dalhousie.
448. The statement “Like summer gale revolt of Meerut was unprecedented and short-lived” was made
by __?
[A] S. N. Sen
[B] R. C. Majumdar
[C] S. B. Chaudhuri
[D] V. D. Savarkar
Correct Answer: A [S. N. Sen]
Explanation: The Merrut 1857 Uprising was described by Dr.Surendra Nath Sen-“ Like summer gale revolt
of Meerut was unprecedented and short-lived”. He was the author of a number of major works, mostly
on the history of the Marathas.In 1956, the Indian government commissioned him to write a history of
the Indian Popular Uprising of 1857–59; the work, entitled Eighteen Fifty-seven, was published in 1957.
449. The First President of Muslim League was __?

[A] Nawab Viqar-ul-Mulk Mustaq Hussain
[B] Mian Abdul Aziz
[C] Hidayat Hussain Khan
[D] Mohammad Ali Jinnah
Correct Answer: A [Nawab Viqar-ul-Mulk Mustaq Hussain]
Explanation: Muslim League, a political organization of India and Pakistan, founded in 1906 as the All-
India Muslim League by Aga Khan III. Its original purpose was to safeguard the political rights of Muslims
in India. Nawab Mushtaq Husain Viqar-ul-Mulk also known as Mushtaq Hussain, was a Muslim politician
and one of the founders of All India Muslim League. He is also known for his involvement in the Aligarh
Movement.
450. Which party observed the “Black Day” on July 3, 1947 against Partition of India?
[A] Indian National Congress
[B] Forward Bloc
[C] Hindu Mahasabha
Correct Answer: C [Hindu Mahasabha]
451. Which party observed the “Black Day” on July 3, 1947 against Partition of India?
[A] Indian National Congress
[B] Forward Bloc
[C] Hindu Mahasabha
Correct Answer: C [Hindu Mahasabha]
452. Who was elected the President of Indian National Congress in the famous Tripuri Session of 1939 ?
[A] Acharya Narendra Deo
[B] Sarat Chandra Bose
[D] Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Correct Answer: C [Subhash Chandra Bose]
Explanation: 52nd Session : Subhash Chandra Bose was re-elected the President of INC at the Tripuri
Session in 1939 by defeating the Gandhi ji’s Candidate Pattabhai Sitaramaiyya. He demanded that the
Congress should deliver a six-months’ ultimatum to Britain and in the event of its rejection a country-wide
struggle for ‘Poorna Swaraj’ should be launched. His warning and advice went unheeded, his powers as
President were sought to be curtailed. He, therefore, resigned in April 1939, and announced, in May 1939,
the formation of the Forward Bloc within the Congress.
453. The Hindu Mahasabha was organized for the first time in 1914 at ___:
[A] Haridwar
[B] Allahabad
[C] Varanasi
Correct Answer: A [Haridwar]
Explanation: Hindu Mahasabha was founded in 1914 by Madan Mohan Malviya.It worked with Arya Samaj
and other Hindu organizations. It was directly link with Rashtriya Swam Sevak Sangh founded in 1925 at
Nagpur by K.B.Hegewar.The first All India Hindu Mahasabha Conference was organized at Hardwar in
1915. The Sabha ecame more aggressive after 1929 and started propagating Hindu Rashtra which was
totally differ from Gandhiji’s Ram Rajya.
454. Who among the following is known as Mother of Indian Revolutionaries ?

[A] Annie Besant
[B] Sarojini Naidu
[C] Madam Cama
[D] Usha Mehta
Correct Answer: C [Madam Cama]
Explanation: Bhikaiji Rustom Cama,or Madam Cama was born on 24 September 1861 in Bombay. She was
an outstanding lady of great courage, fearlessness, integrity, perseverance and passion for freedom.and
is considered as the mother of Indian revolution because of her contributions to Indian freedom struggle.
She was credited with designing India’s first tricolour flag with green, saffron and red stripes bearing the
immortal words – Vande Matram. After fighting tirelessly for India’s freedom struggle on foreign land for
several years, she came back to India and died on August 13, 1936.
455. Which Bengali writer suggested the adoption of Hindi as India’s National Language?
[A] Bhudeva Mukherjee
[B] Dinbandhu Mitra
[C] Madhusudan Datta
[D] Kali Prasanna Sinha
Correct Answer: A [Bhudeva Mukherjee]
Explanation: The factors that enhanced the Status of Hindi: The contribution of Bhudeva Mukherjee ,well-
known educationist and writer,played a key role in establishing the Nagari script in Bihar schools and law
courts before 1892. Nagari Pracharni Sabha was founded in 1893 to promote the cause of Hindi and Nagari
script.The Language policy of Indian National congress in the end of 1920’s paved the way of Hindi as the
Mother tongue of Hindustan.
456. Who among the following had drafted the fundamental rights resolution at the Karachi Session,
1931?
[A] Jawaharlal Nehru
[B] Acharya Narendra Deo
[D] Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Correct Answer: A [Jawaharlal Nehru]
Explanation: The Congress met at Karachi in March 1931 to endorse the Gandhi-Irwin or the Delhi Pact.It
was presided over by Sardar Patel. This session became memorable for its resolution on the Fundamental
Rights and the National Economic Programs.In short , It set the parameters of the Swaraj was reflecting
the then dominant leftwing ting of the national movements.It was drafted by the Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.
457. The name of the operation started by the British Government to arrest the leaders of Quit India
Movement was__?
[A] Operation Reander Paste
[B] Operation Zero Hour
[C] Operation Thunderbolt
[D] Operation Blue Star
Correct Answer: C [Operation Thunderbolt]
Explanation: The Quit India Movement , or the August Movement (August Kranti) was a civil disobedience
movement launched in India in August 1942 in response to Mohandas Gandhi’s call for immediate
independence.
458. During which among the following movements, Mahatma Gandhi remarked: “on bended knees I
asked for bread and received stone instead” ?
[A] Khilafat Movement
[C] Dandi March
[D] Quit India Movement
Correct Answer: C [Dandi March]

Explanation: Dandi March(12th March 1930) also known as the Salt Satyagraha, was undertaken by
Gandhiji . He led the Dandi march from his base, Sabarmati Ashram near Ahmedabad, to the sea coast
near the village of Dandi. The triggering factor for this movement was the British monopoly of salt trade
in India and the imposition of a salt tax. It was a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent
protest against the British salt monopoly in colonial India, and triggered the wider Civil Disobedience
Movement. “On bended knees I asked for bread and I have received stone instead”, was a remark made
by Gandhi ji in the beginning of the march.
459. Which one of the following Bengali drama was directed against Polygamy ?
[A] Bhanumati Chittavikas
[B] Kulin Kulasarvasva
[C] Vidhva Vivaha
[D] Nava Natak
Correct Answer: B [Kulin Kulasarvasva]
Explanation:It was Kulin Kulasarvasva (“All about a Kulin Clan”) by Pandit Ramnarayan Tarkaratnan. A
social satire against the practice of polygamy. It was the first social drama in a regional language(Bengali)
attacking Brahmin polygamy, was presented by an aristocratic family in 1857.
460. d100 years ago, the Hindustan Gadar Party was launched in which among the following cities in
United States?
[A] Chicago
[B] San Francisco
[C] Oregon City
[D] New York
Correct Answer: B [San Francisco]
Explanation:
To mark the centenary of the Gadar movement, the Indian Government is planning to fund the conversion
of the Gadar Memorial in San Francisco into a museum and library. The Hindustan Gadar Party, when
founded in 1913, begun its operation from 436 Hill Street of the northern Californian city. It came to be
known as ‘Yugantar Ashram’ and it was from here that the freedom fighters were active from 1913 to
1917. From this place they published a weekly magazine called Gadar to propagate the cause of Indian
independence.
461. The Special Calcutta Session, 1920, in which Mahatma Gandhi moved the Non-cooperation
resolution was presided by __?
[A] C. R. Das
[B] B. C. Pal
[C] Lala Lajpat Rai
[D] Motilal Nehru
Correct Answer: C [Lala Lajpat Rai]
Explanation: Special Calcutta Session, 1920, in which Mahatma Gandhi moved the Non-cooperation
resolution was presided by Lala Lajpat Rai and it was supported by others. Non cooperation movement
was launched for two major issues:
1. The British Government’s attitude towards the Khilafat Movement.
2. Its’ failure to protect the innocent people of the Punjab and punish the officers guilty of barbarous
behavious towards them. Reference: Non-cooperation Movement.
462. The famous book “Ghulamgiri” was written by__:

[A] B. R. Ambedkar
[B] Narayan Guru
[C] Jyotiba Phule
[D] M. P. Pillai
Correct Answer: C [Jyotiba Phule]
Explanation: Jyotirao Govindrao Phule (Mahatma) was born in Pune,was a great social reformer. He
dedicated his book Gulamgiri to the American movement to free slaves, he linked the conditions of the
black slaves in America with those of the lower castes in India. This comparison contains an expression of
hope that one day, like the end of slavery in America, there would be an end to all sorts of caste
discriminations in Indian society
463. Who among the following made the following statement?

“The only lesson required in India at present is to learn how to die and the only way to teach is by dying
ourselves. Therefore, I die and glory in my martyrdom”
[A] Aurbindo Ghosh
[B] Khudiram Bose
[C] Chandra Shekhar Azad
[D] Madan Lal Dhingra
Correct Answer: D [Madan Lal Dhingra]
Explanation: Madan Lal Dhingra was born in the holy city of Amritsar, He was an Indian political activist
studying in England and there he came in contact with the Indian revolutionaty leaders like Shyamji
Krishna Verma and Veer Damodar Savarkar.He was perhaps the first Indian freedom fighter to be
executed on British soil. He assassinated Sir Curzan Wyllie, political Aide-de-Camp to the Secretary of State
for India, Lord Morley in London in 1909. He was hanged at Pentonville Prison, London, on 17 August,
1909
464. Basumati, the oldest Bengali Daily paper was edited by ___:
[A] Anand Mohan Bose
[B] Surya Sen
[C] Barinder Kumar Ghosh
[D] V. D. Savarkar
Correct Answer: C [Barinder Kumar Ghosh]
Explanation: Barinder Kumar Ghosh was born at Norwood near London on 5th January in 1880.He was a
younger brother of Aurobindo Ghosh. In 1906, to spread the revolutionary ideas and to provide fervor to
Swadeshi movement ,he started a Bengali weekly-“the jugantar”. In 1907, he started the Maniktala group
with Bagha Jatin and a few young revolutionary activists for the collection of arms and ammunitions and
manufacturing explosives.He was sentenced to death by the trial known as Alipore Bomb Case. Later the
sentence was commuted to life imprisonment and was sent to the Cellular Jail in Andaman in 1909. In
1920, Barindra Kumar Ghose was released. In 1933 Barindra Kumar Ghose launched English weekly, The
Dawn of India. He was also associated with The Statesman newspaper and earned the title as a columnist.
In 1950, he became the editor of the Bengali daily Dainik Basumati.
465. Curzon Wyllie, who was murdered by Madan Lal Dhingra in London, was___?
[A] Secretary of State for India
[B] Adviser to the Secretary of State of India
[C] Law Member
[D] [Window Title]

Correct Answer: B [Adviser to the Secretary of State of India]
Explanation: Madan Lal Dhingra was a great revolutionary from Punjab,associated with the Indian Home
Rule Society, The Abhinav Bharat Society and the Indian House in London. On July 1, 1909 he shot dead
Curzon Wyllie an adviser to the secretary of state of India, and Cowas Lolcaca at the meeting of the Indian
National Association in London to avenge the atrocities committed by the British in India.
466. Who was the only Indian prince who actively participated in the Revolutionary Movement within and
outside India?
[A] Raja Aridaman Singh
[B] Raja Hari Singh
[C] Raja Kumar Singh
[D] Raja Mahendra Pratap
Correct Answer: D [Raja Mahendra Pratap]
Explanation: Raja Mahendra Pratap was an Indian freedom fighter, journalist, writer, and Marxist
revolutionary social reformist of India. He believed in the religious unity and racial equality. He started
two paper-“Prem”in Hindi and “Nirbal Sewak” in Hindi and Urdu. In 1915, he formed the first government
outside India in Afghanistan. He returned to India after 32 years of exile and became the member of the
second Lok Sabha in 1957-1962. He was elected as an independent candidate from Mathura constituency.
He was president of Indian Freedom Fighters’ Association and also the president of All India Jat
Mahasabha .He died on 29 April 1979.
467.During which among the following events, Bal Gangadhar Tilak was given the epithet of ‘Lokmanya’?
[A] Home Rule Movement
[B] Surat Split
[C] Swadeshi Movement
[D] His imprisonment in 1908
Correct Answer: A [Home Rule Movement]
Explanation: The name of Tilak became a household name during Homerule Movement and this let him
earn the epithet Lokmanya. Home rule movement has been taken from Ireland.The two Home Rule
League were set up in April 1916 by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and in Sept 1916 by Annie Besant.The main
objective of Home Rule League were: - Self Government in the British Empire. Work for National
education, social and political reforms. Abolition of untouchability.
468. The national anthem of India ‘Jana Gana Mana’ was first sung at __:
[A] Calcutta, 1911
[B] Calcutta, 1912
[C] Delhi, 1911
[D] Mumbai, 1912
Correct Answer: A [Calcutta, 1911]
Explanation: “Jana Gana Mana ” is the national anthem of India. Written in highly Sanskritised (Tatsama)
Bengali, it is the first of five stanzas of a Brahmo hymn composed and scored by Nobel laureate
Rabindranath Tagore. It was first sung in Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress on 27 December
1911. “Jana Gana Mana” was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the Indian national
anthem on 24 January 1950. 27 December 2011 marked the completion of 100 years of Jana Gana Mana
since it was sung for the first time.The original poem written by Rabindranath Tagore was translated into
Hindi by Abid Ali.
469. Who among the following poet and dramatist pioneered the Bengali drama ?
[A] Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
[B] Michael Madhusudan Dutta
[C] Rajnarayan Dutt
[D] Aurobindo Ghosh
Correct Answer: B [Michael Madhusudan Dutta]
Explanation: Michael Madhusudan Dutta was a popular 19th-century Bengali poet and dramatist. He was
a pioneer of Bengali drama. His famous work Meghnad Bodh Kavya is a tragic epic.
470. With reference to the relations of the Princely states with British Crown, which among the following
report said that “Paramountcy must remain paramount”?
[A] Hunter Commission Report
[B] Strachey Commission Report
[C] Butler Commission Report
[D] Campbell Commission Report
Correct Answer: C [Butler Commission Report]
Explanation: A three -member committee headed by Harcourt Butler, appointed on December 16, 1927
to examine the relations between the native states and the paramount power, declined to define what
paramountcy was but clearly and fortrightly stated that “paramountcy must remain paramount”. The
committee fully endorsed that the viceroy, not the governor general should remain the Crown agent in
dealing with the native states. In fact the right to protect includes right to internal intervention.
Paramountcy is the supreme sovereign power which was kept above the reach of law and interpretation,
to be exercised at the appropriate time subject to resiraints of morality and constitutional propriety
against an erring ruler of a native statewhen other correctional means had proved to be futile. It is a
concept developed into a deterrent in the political relation between the British and the Indian rulers.
471. The policy announcement of “progressive realization of responsible Government in India as an

integral part of the British Empire” was embedded in __:
[A] Montagu-Chelmsford Report
[B] Motilal Nehru Report
[C] Hartog Committee Report
[D] Cabinet Mission Report
Correct Answer: A [Montagu-Chelmsford Report]
472. The objective of the Cripps Mission, headed by Sir Stafford Cripps was to __:
[A] To prevent the launch of Quit India Movement
[B] To persuade Indian Leaders to support the British War Efforts
[C] To Convince the Congress Ministries to withdraw their resignations
[D] To set up a Constitution making body
Correct Answer: B [To persuade Indian Leaders to support the British War Efforts]
Explanation: The Cripps mission was an attempt in late March 1942 by the British government to secure
Indian cooperation and support for their efforts in World War II. The mission was headed by Sir Stafford
Cripps, a senior left-wing politician and government minister in the War Cabinet of Prime Minister
Winston Churchill. The mission proved a failure.
473. In context with the Constituent Assembly, which among the following observations is / are correct?
1. The members of Constituent Assembly were elected directly
2. The basis of seats allocation was population
3. Composition of the Constituent Assembly was roughly in line with the suggestions of the Cabinet
Mission plan
Choose the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 & 2 are correct
[B] Only 2 & 3 are correct
[C] Only 1 & 3 are correct
[D] 1, 2 & 3 are correct
Correct Answer: B [Only 2 & 3 are correct]
Explanation: Election of the members of the Constituent Assembly had been elected firstly, for undivided
India. Its first sitting was held on December 9, 1946 and re-assembled as Constituent Assembly for divided
India on 14 August 1947. oIts members were elected by indirect election by the members of the
Provisional Legislative Assemblies that had been established in 1935. oThe Constituent Assembly was
composed roughly along the lines suggested by the plan proposed by the committee of the British cabinet,
known as the Cabinet Mission. As per the Cabinet Mission plan, each Province and each Princely State or
group of States were allotted seats proportional to their respective population roughly in the ratio of 1:10
Lakh. As a result the Provinces (that were under direct British rule) were to elect 292 members while the
Princely States were allotted a minimum of 93 seats. The seats in each Province were distributed among
the three main communities, Muslims, Sikhs and general, in proportion to their respective populations.
oMembers of each community in the Provisional Legislative Assembly elected their own representatives
by the method of proportional representation with single transferable vote. oThe method of selection in
the case of representatives of Princely States was to be determined by consultation. oAs a consequence
of the Partition under the plan of 3 June 1947 those members who were elected from territories which
fell under Pakistan ceased to be members of the Constituent Assembly. oThe numbers in the Assembly
were reduced to 299 of which 284 were actually present on 26 November 1949 and appended their
signature to the Constitution as finally passed.
474. Who among the following had drafted the “Declaration of Independence” pledge in 1930?
[A] Motilal Nehru
[B] Jawahar Lal Nehru
[C] Mahatma Gandhi
[D] C R Das
Correct Answer: C [Mahatma Gandhi]
Explanation: Declaration of Independence Pledge Though the congress passed the Poorna Swaraj
Resolution in December 1929, it was a month later on January 26, 1930, when a Pledge of Indian
Independence also known as Declaration of Independence was taken. While the Poorna Swaraj Resolution
was drafted by Jawaharlal Lal Nehru, the “Declaration of Independence” pledge was drafted by Mahatma
Gandhi in 1930 and it echoed the essence of American Declaration of Independence. After this pledge
January 26, 1930 was declared as Independence Day by Indian National Congress.
475. Which among the following is India’s first Oil refinery ?

[A] Guwahati Refinery
[B] Vishakhapatnam Refinery
[C] Digboi Refinery
[D] Barauni Refinery
Correct Answer: C [Digboi Refinery]
Explanation: Digboi is a town and a town area committee in Tinsukia district in the north-eastern part of
the state of Assam, India. Crude oil was discovered here in late 19th century. Digboi is known as the Oil
City of Assam where the first oil well in Asia was drilled. The first refinery was started here as early as
1901. Digboi has the oldest oil well in operation. The Digboi Refinery modernization project was taken up
in large scale in order to overcome the technological obsolescence of the old refinery. Subsequently a
number of other major projects were undertaken by Assam Oil Division to further revamp and modernize
Digboi Refinery.Digboi refinery has been awarded the ISO-14001 and OHSMC certificate.
476. In which among the following countries, Battaglione Azad Hindoustan, a legion unit of Indian National
Army (Azad Hind Fauj) was formed during the World War II ?
[A] Japan
[B] Germany
[C] Italy
[D] Singapore
Correct Answer: C [Italy]
Explanation: The Indian National Army ( Azad Hind Fauj) was an armed force formed by Indian nationalists
in 1942 in Southeast Asia during World War II. The aim of the army was to secure Indian independence
with Japanese assistance. Initially formed in 1942 immediately after the fall of Singapore under Mohan
Singh, the first INA collapsed in December that year before it was revived under the leadership of Subhas
Chandra Bose in 1943 and proclaimed the army of Bose’s Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind . The Battaglione
Azad Hindoustan (Italian: “Free India Battalion”) was a foreign legion unit formed in Italy in July 1942. It
was headed by Mohammad Iqbal Shedai.
477. “The Bengalee” Newspaper was started by which among the following activists in 1879?
[A] Surendranath Banerjee
[B] Anandmohan Bose
[C] Nabagopal Mitra
[D] Rajnarayan Basu
Correct Answer: A [Surendranath Banerjee]
Explanation: Surendranath Banerjee was one of the earliest political leaders during the British Rule. He
founded the newspaper “The Bengalee” in 1879 and founded the Indian National Association with
Anandmohan Bose, the first Indian political organization of its kind on July 26, 1876. He is renowned today
as pioneer leader of Indian politics. He published an important work, A Nation in Making, which was widely
acclaimed. The British respected him and referred to him during his later years as “Surrender Not
Banerjee”.
478. At which among the following places, Hindu Mela was started in 1867 by Nabagopal Mitra ?
[A] Calcutta
[B] Delhi
[C] Allahabad
[D] Varanasi
Correct Answer: A [Calcutta]
Explanation: Hindu Mela was founded in 1867 in Calcutta by Nabagopal Mitra with the active support
from the Tagore Family. The Hindu Mela was also known as the Chaitra Mela.It was largely the product of
the combined efforts of Rajnarayan Basu, Dwijendranath Tagore, and Nabagopal Mitra.
479. Who among the following played a dominant role in the famous Vaikom Satyagraha of 1924–25?
[A] T. K. Madhavan
[B] Muloor S.Padmanabha Panicker
[C] Balarama Varma
[D] K. Kelappan
Correct Answer: D [K. Kelappan]
Explanation: Vaikom Satyagraha (1924–25) was a satyagraha (movement) in Travancore, India (now part
of Kerala) against untouchability in Hindu society. The movement was centered at the Shiva temple at
Vaikom, near Kottayam.The Satyagraha aimed at securing freedom of movement for all sections of society
through the public roads leading to the Sri Mahadevar Temple at Vaikom. K. Kelappan played a dominant
role in the famous Vaikom Satyagraha and was the leader of the Guruvayur Satyagraha in 1932. It was at
Gandhiji’s request that he ended his fast at Guruvayur.
480. At which among the following places, All India Muslim League was established in 1906?
[A] Dhaka
[B] Naypyidaw
[C] Islamabad
[D] Muscat
Correct Answer: A [Dhaka]
Explanation: The All India Muslim League was rooted in 1906 at Dhaka. It emerged from the Aligarh
Movement, formed originally to promote a modern education for Muslims. Muslim League, political
organization of India and Pakistan, founded 1906 as the All-India Muslim League by Aga Khan III. Its
original purpose was to safeguard the political rights of Muslims in India.
481. During the independence movement, newspaper ‘Kesari’ was published by_:
[A] Subhash Chandra Bose
[C] Mohammad Ali Jinnah
[D] Lala Lajpat Rai
Explanation: Kesari is a newspaper founded in 1881 by Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak, a prominent leader
of the Indian Independence movement. Bal Gangadhar Tilak used to run his two newspapers, the Kesari,
in Marathi and Maratha in English from Kesari Wada. The Wada still has the offices of Kesari, and
mementos of Tilak, including his writing desk original letters and documents.
482. On which among the following dates, the Second Round Table Conference was held?
[A] November 17, 1932
[B] November 12, 1930
[C] September 7, 1931
[D] September 7, 1932
Correct Answer: C [September 7, 1931]
Explanation: The second session opened on September 7, 1931. There were three major differences
between the first and second Round Table Conferences. By the second namely Congress Representation,
National Government and Financial Crisis.
483. Who among the following played a dominant role in establishing the All India Trade Union Congress?
[A] Basawon Singh (Sinha)
[B] Subodh Banerjee
[C] Lala Lajpat Rai
[D] Ashok Mehta
Correct Answer: C [Lala Lajpat Rai]
Explanation: The All India Trade Union Congress is the oldest trade union federations in India and one of
the five largest. It was founded on 31 October 1920 in Bombay by Lala Lajpat Rai and Joseph Baptista. It
was the primary trade union organization in India. Since then it has been associated with the Communist
Party of India.
484. Who among the following was the first Indian woman president to chair the Indian National Congress
at Kanpur session of 1925?
[A] Sarojini Naidu
[B] Annie Beasant
[C] Nellie Sengupta
[D] Indira Gandhi
Correct Answer: A [Sarojini Naidu]
Explanation: Sarojini Naidu presided the Indian National Congress at Kanpur session in 1925.
485. Which among the following Charter Acts ended the commercial monopoly of East India Company in
India?
[A] Charter Act of 1793
[D] Charter Act of 1853
Correct Answer: B [Charter Act of 1813]
Explanation: Charter Acts of 1813 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which renewed
the charter issued to the British East India Company, and continued the Company’s rule in India. However,
the Company’s commercial monopoly was ended, except for the tea trade and the trade with China.
Reflecting the growth of British power in India.
486. Who among the following introduced the subsidiary alliance system in India?
[A] Lord Clive
[B] Lord Wellesley
[C] Lord Cunningham
[D] Lord Canning
Correct Answer: B [Lord Wellesley]
Explanation: The doctrine of subsidiary alliance was introduced by Lord Wellesley, British Governor-
General of India from 1798 to 1805.
The Nizam of Hyderabad was the first to enter into such an alliance in 1798.Tipu Sultan of Mysore refused
to do so, but after the British victory in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, Mysore was forced to become a
subsidiary state in 1799.
The Nawab of Awadh was the next to accept the Subsidiary Alliance, in 1801.
487. Who among the following signed the Treaty of Bassein in 1802 with the British East India Company?
[A] Baji Rao II
[B] Baji Rao I
[C] Sultan Bahadur
Correct Answer: A [Baji Rao II]
Explanation: The Treaty of Bassein (Now called Vasai) was a pact signed on December 31, 1802 between
the British East India Company and Baji Rao II, the Maratha peshwa of Pune (Poona) in India after the
Battle of Poona. The treaty was a decisive step in the dissolution of the Maratha Confederacy, which led
to the East India Company’s usurpation of the peshwa’s territories in western India in 1818.
488. Shivaji had formed a council of eight ministers that administered the Maratha empire. The council
was named as:
[A] Nyaya Pradhan
[B] Ashta Sena
[C] Ashta Siddhi
[D] Ashta Pradhan
Correct Answer: D [Ashta Pradhan]
Explanation: Ashta Pradhan was a council of eight ministers that administered the Maratha empire. The
council was formed in 1674 by founding Emperor Chhatrapati Shivaji.The term Ashta Pradhan literally
translates to “the Prime Eight”, from the Sanskrit ashta (“eight”) and pradhan (“prime”). The body
discharged the functions of a modern council of ministers; this is regarded as one of the first successful
instances of ministerial delegation in India. The council is credited with having implemented good
governance practices in the Maratha heartland, as well as for the success of the military campaigns against
the Mughal Empire.
489. Which among the following events was a major set back to Khilafat Movement?
[A] Announcements of concession to Muslims by British Government
[B] Pact signed between Indian National Congress and Muslim League
[C] Revolution in Turkey
[D] Violence in Chauri Chaura
Correct Answer: C [Revolution in Turkey]
Explanation: In 1922, there was a revolution in Turkey under the leadership of Mustafa Kamal Pasha,
under whom a secular government was established over there. This government buried the concept of
Khilafat within two years and the result was that Khilafat Conference had lost its raison d ‘etre and was
dying thereafter.
490. Which among the following events took place immediately before the massacre at Jallianwalla Bagh?
[A] Partition of Bengal
[B] llbert Bill
[C] Passage of the Rowlatt Act
[D] Minto-Morley Reforms
Correct Answer: C [Passage of the Rowlatt Act]
491. Which among the following books was authored by Mahatma Gandhi?
[A] Hindu View of Life
[B] Hind Swaraj
[C] Discovery of India
[D] My Truth
Correct Answer: B [Hind Swaraj]
Explanation: Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule is a book written by Mohandas K. Gandhi in 1909. It is a
book in which he expresses his views on Swaraj, Modern Civilization, Mechanisation etc.
492. Who among the following founded the Indian Society of Oriental Art to revive the ancient art
traditions of India?
[A] Abanindranath Tagore
[B] Ravindranath Tagore
[C] Surendranath Ganguly
[D] Mukul Dey
Correct Answer: A [Abanindranath Tagore]

Explanation: Abanidranath Tagore had founded Indian Society of Oriental Art in Kolkata to revive the
ancient art traditions of India. He was the principal of government school of art and a great artist of
modern India.
493. In which year, first census was conducted in India?

[A] 1884
[B] 1872
[C] 1881
[D] 1891
Explanation: The first census was conducted in India in 1872, but regular census started in 1881.
494. Martyrdom of Chandrashekhar Azad took place on which among the following dates?
[A] February 27, 1931
[B] February 11, 1931
[C] April 13, 1931
[D] August 14, 1931
Correct Answer: A [February 27, 1931]
495. In which of the following languages was the Ghadar Journal was first published?
[A] Urdu
[B] English
[C] Punjabi
[D] Pushtu
Correct Answer: A [Urdu]
Explanation: Ghadar journal was published in Urdu in 1913. After this, it was published in English, Punjabi,
Marathi and Pushtu also.
496. On which among the following dates, Jallianwala Bagh Massacre took place?
[A] April 16,1919
[B] April 13,1919
[C] April 3,1919
[D] April 14,1919
Correct Answer: B [April 13,1919]
497. Who among the following resigned from the membership of the Viceroy’s Executive Council as a
protest against Jallianwala Bagh Massacre?
[A] C. P. Ramaswami Iyer
[B] Muhammad Ali Jinnah
[C] B. N. Sarma
[D] Shankaran Nair
Correct Answer: D [Shankaran Nair]
Explanation: Shankaran Nair resigned from the membership of the Viceroy’s Executive Council as a
protect against Jallianwala Bagh Massacre on April 13, 1919.
498. Which among the following was the first registered Trade Union of India?
[A] Hindu Mazdoor Sabha
[B] Bhartiya Mazdoor Sangh
[C] Madras Labour Union
[D] United Trade Union Congress
Correct Answer: C [Madras Labour Union]
Explanation: The first registered Trade Union of India was Madras Labour Union which was founded in
1918 by B.P. Wadia along with V. Kalyanasundaram Mudaliar.
499. Who among the following founded the Madras Labour Union?
[A] Subodh Banerjee
[B] B.P. Wadia.
[C] Lala Lajpat Rai
[D] Bharat Bhushan Pandey
Correct Answer: B [B.P. Wadia.]
Explanation: The first Trade Union of India was Madras Labour Union which was founded in 1918 by B.P.
Wadia along with V. Kalyanasundaram Mudaliar
500. Who among the following presided over the Surat Session of Indian National Congress in 1907?
[B] Gopal krishna Gokhale
[C] Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya
[D] Ras Bihari Ghosh
Correct Answer: D [Ras Bihari Ghosh]
Explanation: Ras Bihari Ghosh presided over the Surat session of Indian National Congress in 1907. In this
session, the Congress was divided into two wings viz. Moderates and Extremists.
501. Who among the following introduced the Vernacular Press Act?
[A] Sir Ashley Eden
[B] Alexander John Arbuthnot
[C] Lord Lytton
[D] Lord Stanley
Correct Answer: C [Lord Lytton]
Explanation: In 1878, Lord Lytton introduced the Vernacular Press Act to ban the vernacular press in India.
The first victim was nationalist Newspaper ‘Soma Prakash’.
502. Who among the following started Ganapati Festival in 1893 and thereby gave it national character?
[A] Ganesh Damodar Savarkar
[B] Nana Patil
[C] Lok manya Tilak
[D] Vinoba Bhave
Correct Answer: C [Lok manya Tilak]
Explanation: Bal Gangadhar Tilak started Ganapati festival in 1893. By doing so, he transformed the
traditional Ganapati festival of Maharashtra into a National festival.
503. Which among the following observed the Direct-Action Day on August 16, 1946?
[A] Muslim League
[B] Christian League
[C] Sikh League

[D] Hindu League
Correct Answer: A [Muslim League]
Explanation: Muslim League observed the Direct-Action Day on August 16, 1946. The objective of Muslim
league was to create an environment of communal riots and terrorism to exhibit that Hindus and Muslims
could not reside together.
504. Who among the following was nominated as first Satyagrahi by Mahatma Gandhi for the Individual
Satyagarha of 1940?
[A] Vinoba Bhave
[B] Jawarharlal Nehru
[C] Lal Bahadur Shastri
[D] S. Satyamurti
Correct Answer: A [Vinoba Bhave]
Explanation: The Congress was in a confused state again after the August Offer. The radicals and leftists
wanted to launch a mass Civil Disobedience Movement, but here Gandhi insisted on Individual
Satyagraha. The Individual Satyagraha was not to seek independence but to affirm the right of speech.
The first Satyagrahi selected was Acharya Vinoba Bhave, who was sent to Jail when he spoke against the
war. Second Satyagrahi was Jawahar Lal Nehru. Third was Brahma Datt, one of the inmates of the Gandhi’s
Ashram
505. The Lucknow session of Indian National Congress that took place in 1916 was presided by__:
[A] Rashbihari Ghosh
[B] Ambika Charan Majumdar
[C] Bhupendra Nath Bose
Correct Answer: B [Ambika Charan Majumdar]
Explanation: The Lucknow Session 1916 {presided by Ambica Charan Majumdar) was special in many
respects. Firstly, this session brought the moderates and extremists in Congress on common platform
again after nearly a decade, particularly due to efforts of Annie Besant. Secondly, Congress and All India
Muslim League signed the historic Lucknow Pact.
506. Who among the following presided the historic Lahore session of 1929 of Indian National Congress?
[A] Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
[B] Rajendra Prasad
[C] Lala Lajpat Rai
[D] Pandit Motilal Nehru
Correct Answer: A [Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru]
Explanation: In 1928, for the first time a constitution for India was drafted by Nehru Committee that was
headed by Moti Lal Nehru. A year later, in the Lahore session of December 1929, Congress passed
the Poorna Swaraj resolution. It was the same session in which Jawaharlal Nehru was elected as president
of the Congress.
Here, please note that though the congress passed the Poorna Swaraj Resolution in December 1929, it
was a month later on January 26, 1930, when a Pledge of Indian Independence also known as Declaration
of Independence was taken. You must note here that while the Poorna Swaraj Resolution was drafted by
Jawaharlal Lal Nehru, the “Declaration of Independence” pledge was drafted by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930
and it echoed the essence of American Declaration of Independence. After this pledge January 26, 1930
was declared as Independence Day by Indian National Congress.
507. Who among the following leaders joined Gandhiji in the Champaran Satyagraha held on April 10,
1917 ?
[A] Bal Gangadhar Tilak
[B] Subhash Chandra Bose
[C] Rajendra Prasad
[D] None of these
Correct Answer: C [Rajendra Prasad]
Explanation: Gandhi arrived in Champaran 10 April 1917 with a team of eminent lawyers: Brajkishore
Prasad, Rajendra Prasad, Anugrah Narayan Sinha and others including Acharya kripalani.
508. Who among the following launched the Home Rule Movement in 1916?
[A] Frank Besant
[B] Helena Blavatsky
[C] Charles Knowlton
[D] Annie Besant
Correct Answer: D [Annie Besant]
Explanation: In 1916, Annie Besant launched the Home Rule Movement along with Lokmanya Tilak. She
was married at 19 to Frank Besant but separated from him over religious differences.
509. Who among the following presided the Karachi session of Indian National Congress in 1931?
[A] Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
[B] Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
[C] Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya
[D] Dr. M A Ansari
510. On which among the following dates, execution of Bhagat Singh took place ?
[A] March 19,1931
[B] April 23, 1931
[C] March 23, 1931
[D] March 14, 1931
Correct Answer: C [March 23, 1931]
Explanation: Bhagat Singh was convicted and executed at the young age of 23 for his involvement in the
assassination of John Saunders (Lahore Conspiracy Case). Saunders was a British police officer. Bhagat
Singh and his comrades sought revenge for the death of Lala Lajpat Rai which was caused by brutal police.
They were convicted after a trial by s Special Tribunal which sentenced them to death by hanging. On 23
March, 1931, Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were executed.
511. On which among the following dates, the Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed?
[A] 5 March 1931
[B] 6 March 1931
[C] 7 March 1931
[D] 8 March 1931
Correct Answer: A [5 March 1931]
Explanation: The Gandhi–Irwin Pact was a political agreement signed by Mahatma Gandhi and the then
Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin on 5 March 1931 before the second Round Table Conference in London.
512. Who among the following was the author of Anand Math?
[A] Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
[C] Raja Ram Mohan Roy

[D] Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Correct Answer: A [Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]
Explanation: Anandmath was a novel by Bankim Chandra Chaterjee and published in 1882. The national
song of India, Vande Mataram was originally published in this novel. The Sanyasi Rebellion of the late
1700s was the revolt this novel was based upon and was made famous by Bankim Chandra in this novel.
Based upon this novel, Anand Math a Hindi Patriotic film was released in 1952. the film was directed by
Hemen Gupta.
513. On which among the following dates, National Development Council was set up?
[A] 9th August 1960
[B] 6th August 1952
[C] 15th September 1958
[D] 29th August 1960
Correct Answer: B [6th August 1952]
Explanation: The National Development Council was set up on 6th August 1952.
514. The Indian National Association formed in Calcutta by whom among the following?
[A] Dwarkanath Tagore
[B] Surendranath Banerjee
[C] Prasanno Kumar Tagore
[D] Debendranath Tagore
Correct Answer: B [Surendranath Banerjee]
Explanation: On July 26 1876, Surendranath Banerjee, along with Anand Monah Bose, founded the Indian
National Association in Calcutta. In 1885 , this organization was merged with the Indian National Congress.
515. Who among the following edited and published the newspaper Indian Mirror in 1861?
[A] Amitava Ghosh
[C] Sumit Ganguly
[D] Manmohan Ghosh and Devendranath Tagore
Correct Answer: D [Manmohan Ghosh and Devendranath Tagore]
Explanation: In 1861, the newspaper, Indian Mirror, was edited and published by Manmohan Ghosh and
Devendranath Tagore from Calcutta.
516. The first meeting of Indian National Congress was held in Bombay in 1885 A.D. under the leadership
of __:
[B] Sir C. Sankaran Nair
[C] Woomesh Chandra Banerjee
[D] Badruddin Tyabji
Correct Answer: C [Woomesh Chandra Banerjee]
Explanation: Under the Presidentship of woomesh Chandra Banerjee, the first meeting of Indian National
Congress was held in Bombay in 1885. The meeting was attended by 72 English-educated people that
included advocates, traders and zamindars.
517. During the times of Governor-General Lord Ellenborough, which among the following acts declared
slavery as illegal?
[A] Act VI
[B] Act V
[C] Act III
[D] Act VIII
Correct Answer: B [Act V]
Explanation: The Act V of 1843 declared slavery as illegal during the tenure of Governor-General Lord
Ellenborough.
518. Who among the following was called by Jahangir as “English Khan”?
[A] Sir Thomas Roe
[B] William Hawkins
[C] Henry Middleton
Correct Answer: B [William Hawkins]
519. Which among the following was the ONLY session of Indian National Congress that was presided by
Mahatma Gandhi?
[A] Amaravati
[B] Belgaum
[C] Nagpur
[D] Karachi
Correct Answer: B [Belgaum]
Explanation: Gandhiji became the president of Indian National Congress in 1924 at the Belgaum session
of Indian National Congress.
520. The birth name of which among the following famous mystics was Gadadhar Chattopadhyay?
[B] Ram Krishna Paramhansa
[C] Sri Aurobindo
[D] Swami Prabhupada
Correct Answer: B [Ram Krishna Paramhansa]
Explanation: The original name of Ramakrishna Paramhansa was Gadadhar Chattopadhyay.
521. The Chauri Chaura Incident paved the way for end of which among the following movements?
[A] Civil Disobedience Movement
[C] Quit India Movement
[D] Kheda Satyagraha
Correct Answer: B [Non-Cooperation Movement]
Explanation: The Non-cooperation movement was on its pinnacle in all of north India. In South, though it
was luke warm. On February 4, 1922, a mob of 2000 people gathered to picket a liquor shop at Chauri
Chaura, a town near Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh. The local administration sent armed police to control the
situation. The Police, tried to disperse the crowd by firing two shots in air. So stone pelting started. The
police fired and killed 3 people. The result was that outrageous mob set the Police Chauki on fire an d all
23 Police wallas inside got burnt alive.
On 12 February 1922, when the Congress leaders met at Bardoli, Gandhi decided to withdraw the
Noncooperation movement. It was a bit controversial but by that time Gandhi’s figure was respected by
every Congressman. Thus, they accepted this decision, but they got demoralized and disintegrated.
Gandhi was arrested on 10 March 1922 and trial led at Ahmadabad. A simple prison of 6 years was
awarded to him.
522. Which among the following towns / cities of Karnataka is most famous for monuments of Vijayanagar
Empire?
[A] Gulbarga
[B] Belgaum
[C] Gadag
[D] Hampi
Correct Answer: D [Hampi]
Explanation: Vijayanagara Empire or Karnata Empire or Kingdom of Bisnegar was established in 1336
by Harihara-I and his brother Bukka Raya I of Sangama Dynasty. Its ruins are located in current day Hampi
in Karnataka. Four dynasties – Sangama, Saluva, Tuluva and Aravidu – ruled Vijayanagar from A.D. 1336
to 1672.
The most important temples of Vijaynagar Empire include Vitthalaswamy and the Hazara Ramaswamy
temples at Hampi. The Tadapatri and Parvati temples at Chidambaram, Varadaraja and Ekambaranatha
temples at Kanchipuram.
523. In which among the following years, Sabarmati Ashram was established by Mahatma Gandhi?
[A] 1910
[B] 1912
[C] 1915
[D] 1918
524. At which of the following places, Green Pamphlet was issued by Mahatma Gandhi?
[A] Calcutta
[B] Surat
[C] Rajkot
[D] Sabarmati
Correct Answer: C [Rajkot]
525. At which among the following sessions, the All India Muslim league passed the Pakistan Resolution
on 23 March 1940?
[A] Karachi
[B] Hyderabad
[C] Lahore
[D] Lucknow
Correct Answer: C [Lahore]
Explanation: The Pakistan demand was formalised gradually. On 23 March 1940, the League moved a
resolution demanding a measure of autonomy for the Muslim majority areas of the subcontinent. This
ambiguous resolution never mentioned partition or Pakistan
The name Pakistan or Pak-stan (from Punjab, Afghan, Kashmir, Sind and Baluchistan) was coined by a
Punjabi Muslim student at Cambridge, Choudhry Rehmat Ali, who, in pamphlets written in 1933 and 1935,
desired a separate national status for this new entity.
526. At which among the following sessions of the Muslim League, Mohammed Ali Jinnah had invented a
new slogan “Divide and Quit”?
[A] Lucknow Session 1931

[B] Karachi Session 1933
[C] Lahore Session 1940
[D] Karachi Session 1943
Correct Answer: D [Karachi Session 1943]
527. Simon Commission had visited India during the times of which among the following Viceroys?
[A] Lord Irwin
[B] Lord Chelmsford
[C] Lord Willingdon
[D] Lord Linlithgow
Correct Answer: A [Lord Irwin]
Explanation: On April 3, 1926 Lord Irwin was appointed 30th Viceroy and Governor-General of India.
In 1927, British government appointed a commission under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon. The
Commission was appointed to study the reforms of 1919 and suggest further measures for Constitutional
reforms. The Commission had no Indian member in it. The Indians boycotted this all-White commission.
528. “Go Back to Vedas“. Who among the following gave this motto?
[B] Swami Dayananda Saraswati
[C] Ramkrishna Paramahansa
Correct Answer: B [Swami Dayananda Saraswati]
Explanation: Swami Dayanand’s greatest asset was his mastery over the Sanskrit language and the Vedas.
In 1875, he founded the Arya Samaj. Its main aim was to propagate the true knowledge of the Vedas and
discard all evils that had crept into the Hindu society later in its name. He opposed untouchability. He was
similarly opposed to polytheism, avataravada and ritualism. His slogan was ‘go back to the Vedas’ whose
authority he accepted. For the first time in the history of India, the Vedas were printed in India under his
patronage. Personally, his most important work was Satyartha Prakasha (The Light of Truth).
His followers started a Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (DAV) School and College in Lahore (now in Pakistan) in
1886.
529. The famous Vidyasagar Setu is located in which among the following cities?
[A] Patna
[B] Kolkata
[C] Lucknow
[D] Chennai
Correct Answer: B [Kolkata]
Explanation: Vidyasagar Setu is also known as Second Hooghly Brdige. It is named after Ishwarchandra
Vidyasagar
530. Plassey, which is famous for the Battle of Plassey, is located in which among the following current
states of India?
[A] West Bengal
[B] Bihar
[C] Chhattisgarh
[D] Jharkhand
Correct Answer: A [West Bengal]
531. In which year and at which place, India’s national anthem was sung for the first time?
[A] 1911, Kolkata
[B] 1912, Lucknow
[C] 1913, Delhi
[D] 1914, Bombay
Correct Answer: A [1911, Kolkata]
532. Which among the following was the correct title of National Anthem of India, when it was originally
penned by Rabindranath Tagore?
[A] Jana Gana Mana
[B] Bharat Bhagya
[C] Bharat Bhagya Vidhata
[D] Bharat Vidhata
Correct Answer: D [Bharat Vidhata]
Explanation: The song Jana-gana-mana, composed originally in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore,
was adopted in its Hindi version by the Constituent Assembly as the national anthem of India on
Tuesday, 24 January 1950.
National Anthem Jana Gana Mana was first sung in Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress on
27 December 1911.
533. The 1896 session of Indian National Congress is best known for which among the following?
[A] India’s national song was sung for the first time
[B] India’s national anthem was sung for the first time
[C] India’s tricolor flag was hoisted for the first time
Correct Answer: A [India’s national song was sung for the first time]
Explanation: The song Vande Mataram, composed in Sanskrit by Bankimchandra Chatterji, was
incorporated in his famous novel Ananda Math (1882). It has an equal status with the National Anthem.
Later the song was set to tune by Rabindranath Tagore and sung for the first time before the gathering
at the 12th annual session of the Indian National Congress held in 1896 in Calcutta. It was declared as the
National Song in 1937 through a resolution. The English translation of the stanza was rendered by Sri
Aurobindo.
534. Which among the following was the first state in India in the pre-independence times, when the
compulsory primary education was launched for the first time?
[A] Baroda
[B] Arcot
[C] Coorg
[D] Hyderabad
Correct Answer: A [Baroda]
Explanation: The first law on compulsory education was introduced by the State of Baroda in 1906. This
law provided for compulsory education for boys and girls in the age groups of 7–12 years and 7–10 years
respectively
535. Who among the following is considered to be the last Independent Nawab of Bengal?
[A] Siraj ud Daula
[B] Mir Kasim
[C] Mir Jafar

[D] Shujaud daula
Correct Answer: A [Siraj ud Daula]
536. Who among the following is known to have founded the “Academic Association”?
[A] Henry Vivian Derozio
[B] Madhusudan Datta
[C] Madan Mohan Tarkalankar
[D] Surendranath Tagore
Correct Answer: A [Henry Vivian Derozio]
537. The name of P Mitra (Pramathanath Mitra) is associated with the foundation of which among the
following revolutionary organizations?
[A] Anushilan Samiti
[B] India House
[C] Jugantar
Correct Answer: A [Anushilan Samiti]
Explanation: First proper revolutionary secret society known as Anushilan Samiti (Calcutta) was founded
on 24 March 1902 by Pramath Nath Mitra better known as P. Mitra.
The people associated with this samiti were Sri Aurobindo, Deshabandhu Chittaranjan Das, Surendranath
Tagore, Jatindranath Banerjee, Bagha Jatin, Bhupendra Natha Datta, Barindra Ghosh etc.
Out of them Bhupendra Nath Datta was brother of Swami Vivekananda. Barindra Ghosh was sent to Paris
to learn the science of Bomb Making and here he came in touch were Madam Kama. Madam Kama was
already associated with the India House and the Paris India Society.
538. Ahsan Manzil Palace in Dhaka, is known for which among the following landmarks in Modern Indian
History?
[A] Establishment of All India Muslim League
[B] Pakistan Resolution
[C] Jinnah-Gandhi Talks
Correct Answer: A [Establishment of All India Muslim League]
539. At which among the following places, Indian National Congress adopted the resolution of ‘Poorna
Swaraj’?
[A] Calcutta
[B] Lahore
[C] Delhi
[D] Karachi
Correct Answer: B [Lahore]
Explanation: In Lahore session of 1929, Congress passed the Poorna Swaraj resolution. It was the same
session in which Jawaharlal Nehru was elected as president of the Congress.
Congress passed the Poorna Swaraj Resolution in December 1929, it was a month later on January 26,
1930, when a Pledge of Indian Independence also known as Declaration of Independence was taken. You
must note here that while the Poorna Swaraj Resolution was drafted by Jawaharlal Lal Nehru, the
“Declaration of Independence” pledge was drafted by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930 and it echoed the essence
of American Declaration of Independence. After this pledge January 26, 1930 was declared
as Independence Day by Indian National Congress.
540. The chief base of Indian Union Muslim League (IUML) is in which among the following states of India?
[A] Tamil Nadu
[B] Kerala
[C] Uttar Pradesh
[D] Jammu & Kashmir
Correct Answer: B [Kerala]
541. The ‘Tebhega’ movement of 1946 is associated with which among the following current states of
India?
[A] Andhra Pradesh
[B] West Bengal
[C] Bihar
[D] Odishna
Correct Answer: B [West Bengal]
Explanation: The Tebhaga movement was led by the share croppers of the Bengal region against the
oppressive jotedars in 1946-47. The uprising was due to the share cropping system that prevailed in the
Bengal.
542. The name of Barindra Ghosh is associated with which among the following newspapers?
[A] Indian Opinion
[B] Jugantar
[C] Ghadar
[D] Maharatta
Correct Answer: B [Jugantar]
Explanation: Jugantar was a Bengali revolutionary paper founded in 1906 by Barindra kumar Ghosh,
Abinash Bhattacharya and Bhupendranath Dutta.
543. Which among the following Sikh Gurus introduced the Gurmukhi Script?
[A] Guru Angad
[B] Guru Gobind Singh
[C] Guru Arjun Singh
[D] Guru Harrai
Explanation:
Guru Nanak was the founder of Sikhism. Guru Nanak appointed Guru Angad (Lehna) as his successor and
he was the second Guru of sikhs.
Guru Angad compiled the compositions of Guru Nanak, to which he added his own in a new script known
as Gurmukhi.
544. Azad Hind Fauz was formed in which among the following countries?
[A] India
[B] Singapore
[C] Japan
[D] Germany
Correct Answer: B [Singapore]
Explanation: Subhash Chandra Bose and Rash Behari Bose launched the Indian Independence League and
the Indian National Army (INA), also called Azad Hind Fauj, at Singapore in 1943.
545. Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev along with Jaigopal were involved in which among the following
conspiracy case?
[A] kanpur Conspiracy Case
[B] Lahore Conspiracy Case
[C] Bhagalapur Conspiracy Case
[D] Alipore Bomb case
Correct Answer: B [Lahore Conspiracy Case]
Explanation: To avenge the killing of Lal Lajpat Rai, Bhagat Singh, Raj guru, Jai Gopal and Sukh Dev
conspired to kill the police chief, Scott. But they shot on the DSP – J. P. Saunders, who was killed on the
spot. Bhagat Singh immediately fled from Lahore and to avoid recognition, he cut his beard and hair. Later
he was trailed in this Lahore Conspiracy Case when he was captured after throwing bomb in Delhi
Assembly.
546. “Swaraj ha maza janmasidha adhikar aahe ani to mi milavinach”.

The word Swaraj was first of all used by Balgangadhar Tilak. Where did Balgangadhar Tilak made the above
declaration in Marathi?
[A] In Pune Jail
[B] In Yavarda Jail
[C] In Court
[D] In Mandalay Jail
Correct Answer: C [In Court]
Explanation: In Court, Tilak declared Swaraj ha maza janmasidha adhikar aahe ani to mi milavinach” in
court when he was given 7 years rigorous imprisonment in sedition case against him. Later Tilak was sent
to Mandalay jail for six years.
547. During the 1857 Mutiny, who among the following was Governor General of India?
[A] Lord Canning
[B] Lord Elgin
[C] Lord Dalhousie
[D] Lord Elleborough
Correct Answer: A [Lord Canning]
548. Who among the following established Swadesh Bandhab Samiti?

[A] Ashwini Kumar Datta
[B] Bagha Jatin
[C] Bhavabhushan Mitra
[D] Narendranath Bhattacharya
Correct Answer: A [Ashwini Kumar Datta]
Explanation: Swadesh Bandhab Samiti was founded by Ashwini Kumar Dutta. It aimed to promote the
consumption of indigenous products and boycott foreign goods.
549. Who among the following was placed on the throne of Nawab of Bengal after the Battle of Buxar?
[A] Shiraj-ud-daula
[B] Mir Kasim
[C] Mir Jafar

[D] Najimuddin Ali Khan
Correct Answer: C [Mir Jafar]
Explanation: Battle of Buxar took place in the year 1764. Mir Jafar became the new Nawab of Bengal after
Battle of Buxar.
550. There was one socialist leader, who ran away from the Hazaribagh Prison and joined the Quit India
Movement. Identify that leader from the given options:
[A] Ram Manohar Lohia
[B] Minoo Masani
[C] Jayprakash Narayan
[D] Achyut Patwardhan
Correct Answer: A [Ram Manohar Lohia]
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS ASKED IN CDS EXAMINATION
1. Consider the following statements: [2016-I]

1. In Hind Swaraj, Mahatma Gandhi formulates a conception of part life for the individual as well as the
society.
2. Hind Swaraj was the outcome of the experience of Gandhi’s prolonged struggle against colonial Raj in
India
Which of the statement given above is/ are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
2. Who among the following archaeologists was the first to identify similarities between a pre - Harappan
culture and the mature Harappan culture? [2016-I]
(a) Amalananda Ghosh
(b) Rakhaldas Banerji
(c) Dava Ram Sahni
(d) Sir John Marshall
3. Which one of the following is the common element between the Kailashnatha Temple at Ellora and the
Shore Temple at Mamallapuram? [2016-I]
(a) Both are examples of Nagara architecture
(b) Both are carved out from solid rocks
(c) Both are Gupta period temples
(d) Both were built under the patronage of Pallava Kings
4. Which of the following is/ are not depicted in the Rajput paintings? [2016-I]
1. The stories of Krishna
2. Ragas and Raginis
3. The deeds of Hamza
4. The deeds of Babur
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 3 and 4 only
(d) 4 only
5. Consider the following statements about Alauddin Khilji's market policy: [2015-II]
1. He placed markets under the control of a high officer called 'Shahna' for strictly controlling the
shopkeepers and prices.
2. In order to ensure a regular supply of cheap food grains, he ordered the land revenue from Doab region
to be paid directly to the State. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
6. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:
[2015-II]
List-I List-II
(King) (Region)
A. Shashanka 1. Assam
B. Kharavela 2. Maharashtra
C. Simuka 3. Orissa
D. Bhaskara Varman 4. Bengal
Code: A B C D
(a) 4 2 3 1
(b) 1 3 2 4
(c) 4 3 2 1
(d) 1 2 3 4
7. In ancient India, the 'Yaudheyas' were [2015-II]
(a) A sect of the Buddhism
(b) A sect of the Jainism
(c) A republican tribe
(d) Vassals of the Cholas
8. Which of the following statements about Jyotirao Phule's Satyashodhak Samaj Movement in
Maharashtra is/ are true? [2015-II]
1. The Satyashodhak Samaj was set up in 1873.
2. Phule argued that Brahmins were the progeny of 'alien' Aryans.
3. Phule's focus on the Kunbi peasantry in the 1880s and 1890s led to a privileging of Maratha identity.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
9. Which of the following statements about Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah, who played an important part in
the Revolt of 1857, is/are correct? [2015-II]
1. He was popularly known as Danka Shah or the Maulvi with a drum.
2. He fought in the famous Battle of Chinhat.
3. He was killed by British troops under the command of Henry Lawrence.
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1 and 2
10. Which of the following statements about Mahatma Gandhi's South African experience (1893 - 1914)
is/are true? [2015-I]
1. Muslim merchants were actively involved in Gandhian political movements in South Africa.
2. In 1906, Gandhi led a campaign in Cape Town against the ordinance of compulsory registration and
passes for Indians.
3. Gandhi began his political career with struggles against the imposition of excessive taxes on Indians in
Cape Town.
Select the correct answer using the code give below:

(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1 only
11. Which of the following sets of newspapers reflected the concerns of educated Indian Muslims during
the Khilafat Movement? [2015-I]
(a) Comrade and Hamdard (b) Comrade and Hindustan Times
(c) Zamindar and Muslim Voice (d) Comrade, Hamdard, Zamindar and Al
Hilal
12. Which of the following statements about the social reformer, Raja Ram Mohan Roy, is false?
[2015-I]
(a) Ram Mohan Roy belonged to the gentry’s class whose power had been diminished because of the
imposition of the Permanent Settlement
(b) He studied both Vedantic Monism and Christian Unitarianism.
(c) He translated the Upanishads into Bengali.
(d) His first organization was the Atmiya Sabha, founded in Calcutta in 1815.
13. Which of the following characteristics about the state of Travancore in 18th century Kerala is/are
correct? [2015-I]
1. Travancore was ruled by Marthanda Varma from 1729 to 1758.
2. Travancore built a strong army and defeated the Dutch in 1741.
3. Travancore was an important centre of learning. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1 only
14. Which of the following is not a central tenet of Socialism? [2015-I]

(a)Historical Materialism (b)Dialectical Materialism
(c)Alienation and Class Struggle (d)Individual Freedom
15. Which of the statements given below about the Mughal rule in India is false? [2014-II]
(a) Peasant communities were a united and (b) There was an abundance of
homogeneous group food grain
(c) The State encouraged these crops that (d) Most regions produced two
brought in more revenue crops in a year
16. The Ghadar party, formed in the USA, was determined to start a revolt in India. Which among the
following provinces did the party choose to begin its armed revolt? [2014-II]
(a) Punjab (b) Bengal
(c) United Provinces (d) Bihar
17. The ruins of Vijayanagara at Hampi were brought to light in 1800 by [2014-II]
(a) Colonel Colin Mackenzie (b) Sir John Shore
(c) Andrew Fraser (d) John Marshall
18. Consider the following statements about colonial economy of Vietnam (Indo-China):
1. The colonial economy in Vietnam was primarily based on rice cultivation and rubber plantations.
2. All the rubber plantations in Vietnam were owned and controlled by small Vietnamese elite.
3. Indentured Vietnamese labour was widely used in rubber plantations.

4. Indentured labourers worked on the basis of contracts that did not specify any rights of labourers, but
gave immense power to the employers.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? [2014-II]
(a) 1, 3 and 4 (b) 1 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 only
19. Which of the four linguistic regions in South India remained unaffected by the Non-Cooperation
Movement (1921-22)? [2014-II]
(a) Kerala (b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Andhra Pradesh (d) Karnataka
20. Which of the following statements about the penetration of English into Bengal is/are correct?
1. Job Charnock arrived in Sutanati in August 1690 and laid the foundation of Calcutta which later became
the heart of the British Indian Empire.
2. The French East India Company built a fort near Fort William in Calcutta.
Select the correct answer using the code given below: [2014-II]
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
21. Consider the following statements about Sher Shah’s administration

1. He divided his empire into Sarkars, which were further subdivided into Parganas.
2. The Sarkars and the Parganas were directly administered by Sher Shah without the help of any other
officials.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? [2014-I]
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
22. The University of Nalanda was set-up by which Gupta ruler? [2014-I]
(a) Kumaragupta II (b) Kumaragupta I
(c) Chandragupta II (d) Samudragupta
23. The Fourth Buddhist Council was held in Kashmir under the leadership of [2014-I]
(a) Bindusara (b) Ashoka
(c) Kunal (d) Kanishka
24. Consider the following statements regarding Indian Feudalism in the early medieval period
[2014-I]
1. The revenue assignments were called Bhoga.
2. The hereditary chiefs neither collected revenues nor assumed administrative powers.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
25. Which one of the following statements about ancient Indian Mahajanapadas is correct?
[2014-I]
(a) All Mahajanapadas were oligarchies, (b) All Mahajanapadas were located
where power was exercised by a group of in Eastern India
people
(c) No army was maintained by the (d) Buddhist and Jain texts list
Mahajanapadas sixteen Mahajanapadas
26. Consider the following statements about the causes of success of the American Revolution
[2013-II]
1. The remoteness of the American continent and British ignorance of the American continent led to the
success of the Americans.
2. The fierce spirit of liberty drove the Americans to success.
3. The American military forces were superior to the British.
(a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 2
(c) Only 2 (d) 1 and 3
27. Among the precious stones, the most extensive foreign trade during the Gupta age was that of
[2013-II]
(a) Diamonds (b) Ruby
(c) Pearl (d) Sapphire
28. Sangam literature formed a very important source for the reconstruction of the history of South India.
It was written in [2013-II]
(a) Tamil (b) Kannada
(c) Telugu (d) Malayalam
29. Consider the following statements about Satyagraha [2013-II]

1. It was first experimented by Gandhiji in South Africa.
2. It was first experimented in India at Champaran
30. Which one among the following events is associated with French Revolution? [2013-II]
(a) Calling of the Estates General (b) Guillotine
(c) Battle of Concord (d) Tennis Court Oath
CDS PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS – SOLUTION

1. (b) Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule is a book written by Mahatma Gandhi in which he expresses his
views on Swaraj, modern civilisation, mechanisation, etc.
2. (a) Amalananda Ghosh was the first archaeologist to identify similarities between a pre-Harappan
culture and the mature Harappan culture.
3. (c) Kailasanatha Temple at Ellora and the Shore temple at Mamallapuram were built around the same
time both are Gupta period temples.
4. (c) 'The deeds of Hamza’ and 'The deeds of Babar' are not depicted in the Rajput Paintings.
5. (c) Alauddin Khilji was the second ruler of Khilji dynasty (1296-1316 reigning period). He is famous for
market reforms and price control. He did so for maintaining a large army. By controlling the item’s price,
he was able to pay salary to soldiers.
6. (c) Shashanka - Bengal, Kharavela - Orissa, Simuka -Maharashtra, Bhaskara - Assam.
7. (c) Yaudheyas were related with Johiya Kshatriyas residing near Muttan (Presently in Pakistan).
8. (b) Jyotirao Phule (11 April 1827- 28 Nov 1890) a social reformer, writer and theologist organised an
organisation - Satyashodhak Samaj Movement, He opined that Brahmins are descendants of alien Aryans.
9. (b) Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah was a talukdar in Faizabad (UP). His taluk was confiscated by the British
government. He was an important character in the battle of 1857. He was famous as Danka Shah in public.
He took part in the battle of Chinhat.
10. (d) In 1893, Mahatma Gandhi accepted an offer from a firm of Muslims to represent them legally in
Pretoria, the capital of Transvaal in the Union of South Africa. They were actively involved in Gandhi
movement, a political movement in South Africa.
11. (d) Educated Muslims were the editors of Comrade, Hamdard, Zamindar and Al Hilal. Maulana
Mohammad Ali Jauhar launched the Urdu weekly Hamdard and in English the Comrade in 1911. The
founding editor of this newspaper was Zafar Ali Khan, a poet, intellectual, writer, Muslim nationalist and
supporter of All India Muslim League's Pakistan Movement. The Al-Hilal was a weekly Urdu language
newspaper established by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
12. (a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy belonged to the gentry class whose power had been diminished because of
the imposition of the Permanent Settlement.
13. (c) Marthanda Varma was king of Travancore from 1729 to 1758. The Travancore-Dutch War was
fought between the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Indian kingdom of Travancore, culminating
in the Battle of Colachel in 1741. Travancore became the second most prosperous princely state in British
India with reputed achievements in education, political administration, public work and social reforms.
14. (c) Alienation and Class Struggle are the tenets of Capitalism.
15. (a) Peasant communities were a heterogeneous group on the basis of caste and other caste like
distinctions.
16. (a) The Ghadar Party was an organization founded by Punjabi Indians in the United States and Canada
with the aim of securing India's independence from British rule. After the outbreak of World War I, Ghadar
party members returned to Punjab to agitate for rebellion alongside the Babbar Akali Movement.
17. (a) The ruins were brought to light by an engineer and antiquarian named Colonel Colin Mackenzie
(Surveyor General of India) in 1800 AD.
18. (a) Rubber plantation in Vietnam was owned and controlled by French and small Vietnamese elite.
19. (d) Most of the South Indians participated in the movement except Karnataka which remained
unaffected.
20. (a) Sutanuti was one of the three villages which were merged to form the city of Kolkata (formerly
Calcutta) in India. Job Charnock, an administrator with the British East India Company is traditionally
credited with the honour of founding the city. Fort William was established to protect East India
Company's trade in the city of Calcutta, the principal town of the Bengal Presidency. In 1756, with the
possibility of conflict with French forces, the British began building up the fort's strengths and defenses.
21. (a) Sher Shah divided the entire Kingdom in 47 divisions and called them "Sarkars". These Sarkars were
divided into Parganas. Every Pargana was under a Shikqdar, who looked into the law and order of his
Pargana.
22. (b) University of Nalanda was set up by Gupta king Kumargupta I in 415 A.D.
23. (d) The Fourth Buddhist Council was held at Kundalvana, Kashmir in 72 AD under the patronage of
Kushan king Kanishka and the president of this council was Vasumitra, with Avaghosa as his deputy. This
council distinctly divided Buddhists into 2 sects- Mahayan & Hinayan.
24. (a) Bhoga included taxes of fruits, wood, foodgrains etc to the king. They were collected by hereditary
chiefs.
25. (d) According to Angunttara Nikaya (Budhist text) and Bhagavati sutra (Jain text) there were 16
Mahajanapadas in ancient India.
26. (b) The causes of the success of American revolution include spirit of freedom of American people and
less knowledge about the American continent by the Britishers.
27. (d) Sapphire was the most precious stone in terms of foreign trade during the Gupta period.
28. (a) The poems belonging to the Sangam literature were composed by Tamil poets.
29. (c) The term Satyagraha was coined by Gandhiji. He used it in South Africa for Indian rights. And in
India it was first experimented in Champaran District of Bihar.
30. (b) A guillotine is an apparatus designed for carrying out executions by beheading. The device is best
known for its use in France, in particular during the French Revolution.
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS ASKED IN NDA EXAMINATION
The following 2 (Two) items consist of two statements, Statement I and Statement II. Examine these
two statements carefully and select the correct answer using the code given below: [2016-II]
Code:
(a) Both the statements are individually true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I
(b) Both the statements are individually true but Statement II is not the correct explanation of Statement I
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
1. Statement I: The city of Rome revived in a spectacular way in the 15th century.
Statement II: From the 15th century onwards, artists were known individually by name, not as member
of a group or a guild, in Roman society.
2. Statement I: Chartism was the political reform campaign for democratic rights which swept over Britain
between 1838 and 1848.
Statement II: The trade union movement declined by the 1830s as it failed to fulfil the aspirations of the
working class.
3. Who among the following invented the power loom that revolutionized the cotton textile industry?
[2016-II]
(a) Edmund Cartwright (b) Samuel Crompton
(c) Richard Arkwright (d) James Hargreaves
4. Subsidiary Alliance was a system devised by [2016-II]
(a) Lord Wellesley (b) Lord Dalhousie
(c) Lord Canning (d) Lord Ripon
1. Periplus is a Greek word meaning sailing around.
2. Erythraean was the Greek name for the Mediterranean Sea.
Which of the statements give above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only [2016-II]
6. Which of the following was/were the feature(s) of Lenin’s New Economic Policy (NEP) for the Soviet
Union?
1. Private retail trading was strictly forbidden
2. Private enterprise was strictly forbidden
3. Peasants were not allowed to sell their surplus
4. To secure liquid capital, concessions were allowed to foreign capitalists, but the State retained the
option of purchasing the products of such concerns
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 4 only
7. Which of the following was/were the reasons for the defeat of British during the American War of
Independence?
1. The remoteness of the American Continent and the lack of good roads
2. The British authorities failed to rally the loyalist Americans
3. The Americans benefited from the extraordinary military leadership of George Washington
4. The Americans had access to superior arms and ammunition
(a) 1,2 and 4 (b) 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
1. British colonialism continued to grow steadily in the 18th and 19th centuries
2. Raw cotton for the textile industry in Britain during the industrial revolution needed to be imported.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only [2016-II]
9. Among the following was the author of Neel Darpan, published in 1860? [2016-II]
(a) Reverend James Long (b) Michael Madhusudan Dutta
(c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy (d) Dinabandhu Mitra
10. Which one of the following organizations was started by Jyotirao Phule in 1873? [2016-II]
(a) Prarthana Samaj (b) Bahujan Samaj
(c) Justice Party (d) Satyashodhak Samaj
11. Although used earlier by French and German writers, the term ‘Industrial Revolution’ in English was
first popularized by [2016-II]
(a) Adam Smith (b) Arnold Toynbee
(c) James Mill (d) Bertrand Russell
12. In the 19th century, the majority of the workers in Japan’s modem industries were mainly [2016-II]
(a) Japanese men and children (b) Japanese women and Chinese men
(c) women (d) Japanese and Chinese men
13. Consider the following statements about the Constitution of India:
1. A Member of Parliament enjoys freedom of speech in the Parliament as a Parliamentary Privilege
protected by the Constitution of India.
2. The Constitution has vested the power to amend the Constitution in the Parliament.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only [2016-II]
14. Which one of the following statements about the Union Executive in India is correct? [2016-II]
(a) According to the Constitution of India, the total number of members of the Council of Ministers
cannot exceed 20% of the total number of Members of the House of the People
(b) The rank of the different Ministers is determined by the President
(c) The Ministers are appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister
(d) Only a member of either House of Parliament can be appointed as a Minister
15. Which one of the following statements about Money Bill is correct? [2016-II]
(a) A Bill shall be deemed to be a Money Bill only (b) A Money Bill shall be introduced in the
if it provides for imposition of fines or penalties Rajya Sabha
(c) The Rajya Sabha can reject the Money Bill (d) The Speaker of the Lok Sabha finally
decides if it is a Money Bill, should any dispute
about it arise
16. Which one of the following powers of the Prime Minister of India is codified in the Constitution of
India itself? [2016-II]
(a) The power of advising the President as (b) The power to allocate business amongst
regards the appointment of other Ministers the Ministers
(c) The power to summon the meeting of the (d) The power to transfer a Minister from one
Cabinet Department to another
17. The cylindrical stone seals were used in which civilization? [2016-II]
(a) Harappan (b) Egyptian
(c) Roman (d) Mesopotamian
18. Which of the following statements with regards to the Civil Disobedience movement is/are correct?
1. The movement received massive response from business groups and peasantry
2. The movement coincided with large scale labour upsurge in Maharashtra
3. The movement was marked by the mass participation of lawyers and students
(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
19. Which of the following are the features of the ideology of utilitarianism?
1. Utilitarian’s believed that all value derives from land
2. The most celebrated spokesmen of utilitarianism were Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill
3. Utilitarians were advocates of the idea that Idea could be ruled through indigenous laws and customs
4. Utilitarians were advocates of the idea of the ‘greatest good for the greatest number of people’
(a) 1 ad 4 only (b) 2 and 4 only
(c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 2 and 3
20. He industrial revolution in England had a profound impact on the lives of people. Which of the
following statements are correct about that?
1. Women were the main workers in the silk, lacemaking and knitting industries
2. Factory managers were well aware of the health risks of industrial work on children
3. Children were often employed in textile factories
4. The novel ‘Hard Times’ by Charles Dickens was a severe critique of the horrors of industrialization
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 1 and 2
(c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 3 and 4 only
21.Which of statements relating to the comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India is /are correct?
1. The CAG can attend the sitting of the Committee on public Accounts.
2. The CAG can attend the sittings of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
3. The jurisdiction of CAG is co-extensive with power of the Union Government.
Select the correct answer using the code given below. [2016-I]
(a) Only 1 (b) 2 and3
(c) 1 and 2 (d) All of these
22. The citizens of India do not have which of the following Fundamental Rights?
(a) Right to reside and settle in any part of India. (b) Right to acquire, hold and dispose
property
(c) Right to practice any profession (d) Right to form co-operative societies
23. Which one among the following Acts for first time allowed Indians, at theoretically, entry to higher
posts in British Indian administration? [2016-I]
(a) Charter Act, 1813 (b) Charter act, 1833
(c) Charles Wood’s Education Despatch, 1854 (d) Indian Councils Act, 1861
24. Consider the following statements about Rashtrakuta kings:
1. They were ardent patrons of Saivism and not support other forms of religion.
2. They promoted only Sanskrit scholars and gave them large at grants.
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 [2016-I]
(c) Both 1 and2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
25. Which of the following statements about the first act of the Revolt of 1857 is/are true? [2016-I]
1. It occurred in Meerut when two sepoys stole a superior officer’s rifle.
2. It began when the Rani of Janshi declared war on the British.
3. It began when Mangal pandey fired at a European officer in Meerut.
4. It began when Mangal pandey fired at a European officer in Barrackpore.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below
(a) Only 2 (b) 1,2 and 3
(c) Only 4 (d) 1 and 4
26. Which of the following statements above Gandhiji’s Hind. Swaraj written in 1909 is/are true?
1. Hind Swaraj offers a civilization concept of the Indian nation.
2. Hind Swaraj States that parliament democracy was necessary for the amelioration of the sufferings
Indians.
3. Hind Swaraj argues that industrial capitalism was responsible for the immorality of society.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
(a)only 3 (b) 1,2 and 3
(c)1 and3 (d) Only 1
27. Division of labour often involves
1. Specialized economic activity.
2. Highly distinct productive roles.
3. Involving everyone in many of the san activities.
4. Individuals engage in only sing activity and are dependent on others meet their various needs.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below. [2016-I]
(a) 1, and 4 (b) 1,2 and4
(c) Only (d) 2 and 4
28. Who among the following is / are associated with ‘Maharashtra Andhashraddha Nirmoolan Samiti?
[2016-I]
(a) Chandi Prasad Bhatt (b) Narendra Dabholkar
(c) GD Agarwal (d) Kailash Satyarthi
1. Warren Hastings setup the Calcutta Madrassa for the study and teaching of Muslim law related subjects.
2. Jonathan Duncan started a Sanskrit College at Varanasi for the study of Hindu law and philosophy.
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 [2016-I]
30. Consider the following statements about Sufism in India:

1. Pilgrimage called Ziyarat to tombs of Sufi saints is an important feature.
2. The most influential group of Sufis in India were the chishtis.
Which of the statements given above is / are correct? [2016-I]
31. Which of the following thinker’s movements influenced the development Gandhiji’s political ideas?
[2016-I]
1. Henry David Thoreau
2. John Ruskin
3. John Milton
4. Jainism
(a) Only 1 (b) 1,2 and
(c) 1,2 and 4 (d) 2 and 4
32. Consider the following Statements:
1. The Arthashastra is the first Indian treatise to define a state.
2. The Main concerns of the Arthashastra are theoretical issues like the origin of the state.
33. Which of the following statements about Brahmo Samaj is/are correct? [2016-I]
1. The Brahmo Marriage Act of 1872 allowed inter-caste and widow re-marriage only if the contracting
parties declared themselves to be non-Hindus.
2. Keshab Chandra Sen arranged the marriage of his minor daughter with the Maharaja of Burdwan.
3. Keshab Chandra Sen’s followers broke away to form the naba bidhan Brahmo samaj.
4. The Brahmo Samaj grew from a small elite group to a mass movement in the 19th century.
(c) 2 and 3 (d) All of these.
34. Which of the following statements about the aims of United Nations is /are true?
1. To foster a mutual appreciation of each other’s culture and literature among nations.
2. To achieve international co-operation in solving problems of an economic, social culture or
humanitarian character.
3. To foster relations between scholars and academics in different countries.
4. To organize international countries.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below. [2016-I]
(a) Only 1 (b) 1,2 and 4
(c) Only 2 (d) 1,2 and 3
1. The Constitution of India empowers the Parliament to form new States and to alter the areas,
boundaries or names of existing States by passing a resolution in simple majority.
2. Jammu and Kashmir has been given special status under Article – 370 of the Constitution of India.

36. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha may resign his office by writing, addressed to the [2016-I]
(a) President of India (b) Prime Minister of India
(c) Vice – President of India (d) Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha
37. Who among the following is the founder of the ‘Bachpan Bachao Andolan’? [2016-I]
(a) Shantha Sinha (b)Kailash Satyarthi
(c)Aruna Roy (d) Anil Agarwal
38. The Election Commission recognizes a political party as a national party if [2016-I]
1. It secures at least 6% of the total valid votes polled in four or more states in a general election to the
Lok Sabha or to the State Legislative Assemblies.
2. It wins at least four seats in a general election to the Lok Sabha from any State or States.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below
39. Which one of the following is not a feature of the Nehru-Mahalanobis model of development strategy?
[2016-I]
(a) Development of capital goods industries. (b) Major involvement of the State in the economy.
(c) Industrial deregulation and disinvestment (d) Enhancing the scope and importance of the public
in the public sector. sector.
40. Nabhah Sprsam Diptam is the motto of [2016-I]
(a) Central industrial Security Force (b) Indian Air Force
(c)ISRO (d) Indian Navy
41. Consider the following the Statements:
1. The Amendment procedure has been provided in Article-368 of the Constitution of India.
2. The consent of the States is mandatory for all Amendments to the Constitution of India.
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 [2016-I]
42. The word ‘Secular’ was inserted into the Constitution of India by [2015-II]
(a) 44th Amendment Act (b) 52nd Amendment Act
nd
(c) 42 Amendment Act (d) 34th Amendment Act
43. Which one of the following continents accounts for the maximum share in exports from India?
(a) Axis (b) Europe [2015-II]
(c) Africa (d) North America
44. The two provisions of the Constitution of India that most clearly express the power of judicial review
are [2015-II]
(a) Article 21 and Article 446 (b) Article 32 and Article 226
(c) Article 44 and Article 152 (d) Article 17 and Article 143
45. Which one of the following statements about Subsidiary Alliance devised by Lord Wellesley in the year
1728 is not correct? [2015-II]
(a) The territories entering into a subsidiary alliance with the British were responsible for their own
internal and external protection
(b) In the territory of the ally, a British armed contingent would be stationed
(c) The ally would have to provide the resources for maintaining the British contingent in the territory
(d) The permission of the British was needed

for the ally to enter into agreements with
other rulers.
46. Who among the following was associated with the Mughal court as a physician to Prince Dara Shikoh?
[2015-II]
(a) Hakim Afzal Khan (b) Ibn Battuta
(c) Francois Bernier (d) Duarte Barbosa
47. During the Eleventh Five Year plan, agriculture sector in India witnessed a growth rate of 3.3% per
annum which is higher than 2.4% per annum in the previous Five Year plan. This is largely due to better
performance of [2015-II]
(a) Crops and livestock (b) Oil seeds and fibres
(c) Fishing and oilseeds (d) Fibres and fishing
48. An emergency under Article-352 of the Constitution of India can be declared only during [2015-II]
(a) war, external aggression or internal (b) war, external aggression or armed rebellion
disturbance
(c) failure of constitutional machinery in the (d) financial instability in the country
State
49. Which of the following statements about the livestock sector in India is/are correct? [2015-II]
1. Livestock contributed about 25% of gross value added in agriculture
2. It provides self-employment to a large segment of population
3. Rapid growth of livestock sector can be egalitarian and inclusive.
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
50. Which one of the following statements about Khilafat Movement is not correct? [2015-II]
(a) The Khilafat movement demanded that the Khalifat must retain control over Muslim holy places.
(b) The radical trend in the khilafat movement was represented by younger leaders like Muhammad Ali,
Shaukat Ali, and Maulana Azad.
(c) Indian Muslim leaders used khilafat as a symbol that could unite the Indian Muslim community.
(d) The Delhi conference of the Central Khilafat committee in 1920 decided to launch a massive Non-
cooperation Movement.
51.The first Indian satellite, Arya Bhatta, was launched in the year [2015-II]
(a) 1972 (b) 1975
(c) 1976 (d) 1979
52.The European Space Agency (ESA) successfully landed a spacecraft on a spending comet that lies 310
million miles away from Earth. As a result, the scientist may find out [2015-I]
(a) the age of the sun (b) the age of the universe
(c) new fundamental atomic particle (d) the role of the comets in bringing organic
matter and water to Earth
53. The Second Five Year Plan that called for the establishment of Socialist pattern of Society was
commonly referred to as the [2015-I]
(a) Harrod-Domar Plan (b) Mahalanobis Plan
(c) Nehru Plan (d) Peoples Plan
54. Which one of the following is the common element among Rajagriha, Vaishali and Patalipura?
(a) Pali canon of the Sthaviravadins was (b) Ashokan Major Rock Edicts were found there
compiled there [2015-I]
(c) Places where Buddhist Councils were held (d) Places associated with the compilation of
Buddhist canons of the Mahasanghikas
55. Which one of the following sects was associated with Gosala Maskariputra? [2015-I]
(a) Vajrayana (b) Ajivikas
(c) Sthaviravadins (d) (d) Mahasanghghikas
1. China won both Thomas Cup and Uber Cup Badminton Tournaments, 2014.
2. The Uber Cup is the World Team Championship for women and the Thomas Cup is for men.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only [2014-II]
57. Consider the following statements about Drishtisystem:

1. It is a sophisticated instrument to assess the runway visual range.
2. This system is developed by Airports Authority of India.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only [2014-II]
58.Consider the following statements about Harappa Culture:
1. The Harappa Culture matured in Sind and Punjab.
2. It spread from there to Southwards and Eastwards
3. The area, where it spread, was bigger than Egypt and Mesopotamia.
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 3 only
59. Megasthenes was a [2014-II]
(a) Greek ambassador to the court of (b) Greek trader during Asoka’s time
Chandragupta Maurya
(c) Greek trader in the Gupta period (d) Chinese pilgrim during Harsha's time
60. By the late 19th century, India was one of the largest producers and exporters of [2014-II]
(a) Cotton yarn and wheat (b) Sugar and rice
(c) Sugar and alcohol (d) Iron and steel
61. Which one of the following is the correct sequence of appearance of the poet-saints of the Bhakti-Sufi
tradition? [2014-II]
(a) Basavanna—Appar —Mira Bai —LalDed (b) Appar — Mira Bai- Lal Ded—Basavanna
(c) Appar — Basavanna—LalDed—MiraBai (d) Basavanna — Mira Bai— Lal Ded—Appar
62. Who among the following did not bring trading ships to the port of Surat in pre-British times? [2014-II]
(a) Portuguese and English (b) Russia and German
(c) English and Arab (d) French and Arab
63.The Factory Act of 1891 in India was enacted to [2014-II]
(a) Improve the condition (b) Ensure greater governmental control over
of labour in India industry in India.
c) Provide a level playing (d) Enable greater political control over Indian
field for English industry
manufacturers
64. Which of the following statements is correct? [2014-II]
(a) The Presiding Officer of the Rajya Sabha is elected every year
(b) The Presiding Officer of the Rajya Sabha is elected for a term of 5 years
(c) The Presiding Officer of the Rajya Sabha is elected for a term of 6 years
(d) The Vice President of India is the Ex Officio Presiding Officer of the Rajya Sabha
65. Who among the following was not a member of the Drafting Committee of the Constitution of India?
(a) B. R. Ambedkar (b) K. M. Munshi [2014-II]
(c) Krishnaswamy lyer (d) M. K Gandhi
66.Who among the following was not a member of the 'Big Four' in the Congress of Vienna (1815)?
(a) Great Britain (b) Russia [2014-II]
(c) Austria (d) France
67.The Stamp Act Congress consisting of delegates from nine of the thirteen colonies met in 1765 at
(a) Philadelphia (b) New York City [2014-II]
(c) Boston (d) Providence
68. Which of the following American colonies did not attend the first Continental Congress held in
Philadelphia? [2014-II]
(a) Rhode Island (b) Connecticut
(c) Georgia (d) Maryland
69. The Bolshevik Revolution started in Russia during the reign of [2014-II]
(a) Czar Alexander I (b) Czar Alexander II
(c) Czar Alexander III (d) Czar Nicholas II
70.Which of the following is/are not related to fundamental duties? [2014-II]
1. To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom
2. To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture
3. To promote the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, especially
the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
4. To protect all monuments of historic interest and national importance.
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 3 and 4 (d) 4 only
71. During the Civil Disobedience Movement, tributes in Chota Nagpur [2014-I]
1. Gave up opium consumption
2. WoreKhadi
3. Gave up drinking liquor and eating meat.
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 2 and 3
72. Which of the following was/were the new feature/feature s visible in the Quit India Movement (1942)? [2014-I]
1. Large-scale movements in some of the industrial areas.
2. Large-scale mass involvement in some of the Princely States
3. Increase in the activities of the Kisan Sabha

(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 3 only
73. The Financial Sector Legislative Reforms Commission report. Submitted recently, among others, contained which
of the following proposals? [2014-I]
1. All regulators will have an empowered board, the role of each of the members has been defined.
2. The Commission envisages an important process of judicial review of the regulations.
3. The draft code does not mention about executive powers.
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
74. Which of the following statements are true for the Fundamental Right to Life and Personal Liberty as
guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution of India? [2014-I]
1. The Right is available to citizens as well as aliens.
2. It covers protection against arbitrary executive and legislative action.
3. It includes the right to live with human dignity.
4. It can be taken away according to the procedure established by law.
(a) 1,2 and 3 only (b) 2,3 and 4 only
(c) 1,2,3 and 4 (d) 1 and 4 only
75. Consider the following statements about 'Sahayog Kaijin': [2014-I]
1. It is a joint exercise of the Coast Guards of India and Japan.
2. Its 13th edition was held recently off Chennai Port.
76. Consider the following statements about grand slam tennis tournaments:
1. There are four grand slam annual tennis tournaments.
2. The first grand slam of a year is the US Open.
3. The Australian and the US tournaments are played 00 grass court.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? [2014-I]
(a) 1,2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1 only (d) 2 and 3 only
77. The Constitution of India guarantees the Fundamental Right to Freedom of Religion to all its citizens. Which
among the following is not true for this Rights? [2014-I]
(a) It gives freedom of conscience and freedom to profess, (b) It gives freedom to establish and
practice and propagate any religion maintain institution for religious and
charitable purposes
(c) The Right is subject to public order, morality and (d) The State cannot make any law which
health abrogates this Right for citizens
78. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 may be seen as giving
effect to which of the following Fundamental Rights? [2014-I]
1. Equality before the Law
2. Right against Discrimination
3. Abolition of Untouchability
4. Right to Freedom of Religion
(a) 1,2 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 2,3 and 4 only (d) 1,2,3 and 4
79. The Indian National Congress was founded during the viceroyalty of [2013-II]
(a) Lord Lytton (b) Lord Ripon
(c) Lord Dufferin (d) Lord Mayo
80. Kandh Revolt against the British was led by [2013-II]
(a) Chakra Bishoyi (b) Dandasena
(c) Tomma Dora (d) Birsa Munda
81. The implementation of factory legislation in India in the nineteenth century was a result of the
pressure on the pressure on the Government of India from [2013-II]
(a) the trade unionists in India (b) the socialists In India
(c) the manufactures from Lancashire and (d) the Indian National Congress
Manchester
82. Who among the following has described the uprising of 1857 as the First Indian war of Independence?
[2013-II]
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) Vallabhbhai patel
(c) Maulana Azad (d) Acharya Kripalani
83. Who among the following has described the uprising of 1857 as the First Indian War of Independence?
[2013-II]
(a) S.N.sen (b) R.C.Majumdar
(c) B.G.Tilak (d) V.D.Savarkar
84. Arrange the following events of Indian freedom movement in correct sequence beginning from the
earliest:
1. Second Round Table Conference
2. Common Award
3. Poona Pact
4. Simon Commission
(a) 1-2-3-4 (b) 4-3-2-1
(c) 4-1-2-3 (d) 3-2-1-4
85. Consider the following statements: [2013-II]
1. Morley-Minto reforms ended the official majority in state legislative assemblies.
2. Despite the Government of Indian Act, 1909 the non-officials were elected to local bodies indirectly.
(c)Both 1 and 2 (d)Neither 1 nor 2
NDA PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS – SOLUTION

1. (a)
Both the statements are individually true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I
2. (a)
Both the statements are individually true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I
3. (a)
Edmund Cartwright invented the power loom that revolutionized the cotton textile industry
4. (a)
Subsidiary Alliance was a system devised by Lord Wellesley, this is a system of ruling a dominated nation.
5. (a)
Periplus is a Greek word meaning sailing around.
6. (b)
Feature(s) of Lenin’s New Economic Policy (NEP) for the Soviet Union: Private enterprise was strictly
forbidden and Peasants were not allowed to sell their surplus
7. (c)
The British authorities failed to rally the loyalist Americans and the Americans benefited from the
extraordinary military leadership of George Washington were the reasons for the defeat of British during
the American War of Independence.
8. (a)
British colonialism continued to grow steadily in the 18th and 19th centuries
9. (d)
Dinabandhu Mitra was the author of Neel Darpan, published in 1860
10. (d)
Satyashodhak Samaj was started by Jyotirao Phule in 1873
11. (b)
Although used earlier by French and German writers, the term ‘Industrial Revolution’ in English was first
popularized by Arnold Toynbee.
12. (c)
In the 19th century, the majority of the workers in Japan’s modem industries were mainly women.
13. (c)
The given both statements are true regarding to the constitution of India.
14. (c)
The Ministers are appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.
15. (d)
The Speaker of the Lok Sabha finally decides if it is a Money Bill, should any dispute about it arise
16. (a)
The power of advising the President as regards the appointment of other Ministers.
17. (d)
The cylindrical stone seals were used in Mesopotamian civilization.
18. (d)
The given all statements are true to the Civil Disobedience movement.
19. (b)
The features of the ideology of utilitarianism are the most celebrated spokesmen of utilitarianism were
Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, Utilitarians were advocates of the idea of the ‘greatest good for
the greatest number of people’.
20. (c)
The correct statements about The industrial revolution in England had a profound impact on the lives of
people: Women were the main workers in the silk, lacemaking and knitting industries, Children were often
employed in textile factories and the novel ‘Hard Times’ by Charles Dickens was a severe critique of the
horrors of industrialization.
21. (a)
The CAG is an authority established by Constitution of India under Article-148 to audit all receipts and
expenditure of Central and State Governments. CAG assists the public account committee during the
examination of audit report of CAG. Further CAG cannot attend the sittings of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
22. (b)
Article -300A in Part-XII deals with right property and deems is to be a legal right rather than Fundamental
Right.
Originally, the right to property was one of the seven Fundamental Rights &dealt by articles-19(1) (f) and
Article-1. Article-19(1) (f) guaranteed to every citizen the right acquire, hold and dispose property. The
44th Amendment Act abolished this right as Fundamental Right.
23. (b) The Charter Act of 18 was the first act which made provision to freely admit the natives of India to
share administration in the country. This act also provided that Haile bury College of London should make
quota to admit future civil servants.
24. (d) The Rashtrakuta kings were known for their religious tolerance, however, they were more inclined
towards Jainism. Many of the scholars who flourished in the court of Rashtrakuta kings wrote in Sanskrit,
Kannada, and Apobharamasha and Prakrit languages.
25. (c)
Mangal pandey played a key role in events that precede the outbreak of revolt of 187. On March 29, 187,
Mangal Pandey fired at a European officer in Barrackpore.
26. (c)
Hind Swaraj was written by Gandhiji in 1909 to express his views on Swaraj, modern and industrialization
etc. he was in favour for independence not just from British but also from modern civilization. He thought
that parliament is simply a costly toy and was not in favour of parliamentary democracy. He was also
against industrial capitalism.
27. (b)
Divisionof labour is an economic concept that states that dividingproduction process into different stages
enables workers to forces on specific tasks. If workers concentration one small aspect of production, their
overall efficiency increases.
28. (b)
Narendra Dabholkar, a rationalist, founded the Maharashtra Andhashraddha Nirmoolan Samiti in 198. He
actively campaigned against superstitions and confronted dubious tantriks. Dabholkar was murdered on
August 20, 2013.
29. (c)
Madrasah-i-Aliah or Calcutta Madrassa was the first educational institution set up in India in 1780 by
Warren Hastings. In 1791 Jonathan Duncan started the Sanskrit College at Varanasi for the study of Hindu
law and philosophy.
30. (c)
One of the most popular rituals in Sufism is visiting of grave-tombs of Sufi saints. This ritual of visiting
tombs is called Ziyarart.
31. (c)
Gandhiji was greatly influenced by thinkers like John Ruskin, Leo Tolstoy, and Henry David Thoreau. John
Ruskin’s Book ‘Undo his last’ had a lasting impact on Gandhiji’s psyche. He paraphrased the book as
‘Sarvodaya’. Gandhi also was influenced by non-violence principle preached by Jainism.
32. (a)
The Arthashastra written in Sanskrit was the first Indian work that formally defined state. It is a practical
treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy. Its main concern is not deal with theoretical
issues like origin of state.
33. (a)
The Brahmo Marriage Act was passed in 1872 it allowed inter-caste and widow re-marriage only if the
contracting parties declared themselves to be non-Hindus. Keshab Chandra Sen arranged the marriage of
his minor daughter with the Maharaja of Cooch Behar. His followers formed Sadhaman Brahmo Samaj.
34. (c)
The aims of United Nation Organization includes maintaining international peace and security, developing
friendly relations among nations, achieving international co-operation in solving problems of an
economic, social culture or humanitarian character and to be a centre for harmonizing actions of nations
towards these common ends.
35. (c)
Parliament can form new states, alter the area boundaries or names of existing States by passing a law by
simple majority. This bill can be introduced in either house on recommendation of the President. Article-
370 grants special autonomous Status to Jammu and Kashmir. It is a part – XXI of the Constitution.
36. (d)
The speaker may resign from office by writing under his hand to the Deputy Speaker.
37. (b)
Bachapan Bachao Andolan works in the field of rights of children. It was started in 1980 by Nobel Laureate
Kailash Satyarthi. The focus is on ending bonded labour, child labour and human trafficking.
38. (c)
A political party is recognized as a national party if it secures at least 6% of valid votes polled in any four
or more States. Further it wins at least 4 seats in the house of people from any State or States or wins at
least 2% seats in house of the people.
39. (c)
The Nehru-mahalanobis model was followed during Second Five year plan. The essence of this model was
a shift in the pattern of industrial investment towards building up a domestic consumption goods sector.
It was in favour of enhancing public investment and was against industrial deregulation and
disinvestment.
40. (b)
Nabhah Sprsam Diptum (Touch the sky with glory) is the motto of Indian Air Force. This has taken from
eleventh chapter of the Gito, the discourse given by Lord Krishna to Arjuna during the war by
Mahabharata.
41. (a)
Article-368 of the Indian Constitution lays down the procedure for Amendment of the Constitution. This
article provides for two types of amendments
(i) By a special majority of Parliament

(ii) Through ratification of half of the States by a simple majority.
Besides, some other articles also provide for constitutional amendment by simple majority of Parliament
and no consent of States are required.
42. (c)
44th Amendment Act as was enacted to nullify some of the amendments made by 42nd Amendment Act,
1976. Most of the changes were with regard to declaration on emergency under Article ‘352’. Right to
property was deleted from the list of Fundamental Right. It is now only a legal right under the constitution.
52nd Amendment Act added Anti-defection law and the 10th schedule to Indian Constitution.
34th Amendment Act added 9th schedule to Indian Constitution
43. (a)
Share of export from India in 2013-2014
Asia - 49.6%
Europe - 18.6%
America - 17.3%
Africa - 9.9%
44. (b)
The power of judiciary to review and determine the validity of a law or an order may be described as the
powers of judicial review. It means that the Constitution is the supreme law of the land and any law
consistent therewith is void through judicial review.
45. (a)
The Subsidiary Alliance system was used by Wellesley to bring Indian states within the orbit of British
power. The system played a very important part in the expansion of the Company’s dominions and many
new territories were added to the Company’s possession.
46. (c)
Francois Bernier was a French physician and traveler. He was born at Joue - Etiau in Anjou. He was briefly
personal physician to Prince Dara Shikoh (28 October 1615-30 August 1659), the elder son of Shah Jahan,
and after Dara Shikoh’s fall, he was attached to the court of the Emperor Aurangzeb.
47. (a)
11th plan had some success in reversing the declaration of agriculture growth witnessed during the 9 th
and 10th plan but food inflation still remains a major concern. The growth in agriculture in the 11th plan is
likely to be around 3.2% year, which is higher than 10th plan growth rate but lower than the target (4.0%)
for 11th plan.
48. (b)
When a national emergency is declared on the ground of war or external aggression, it is called ‘External
Emergency’ and when it is declared on the ground of armed rebellion, it is termed as ‘Internal Emergency’.
It should be noted here that the President can declare a national emergency even before that actual
occurrence of war or external aggression or armed rebellion, if he is satisfied that there is an imminent
danger.
49. (d)
Livestock production performance has been more impressive than that of food grain production. Milk,
egg, meat, and fish showed impressive growth rates of 5 to 10%. The minimum targeted growth rate for
attaining self-sufficiently in milk, fish, meet, and egg by 2001 AD are 5.54%, 6.25 and 5.54% per annum
respectively. It provides alternate source of income to small and marginal farmers. Hence, livestock
growth leads to egalitarian and inclusive growth.
50. (d)
The leaders of the Khilafat Movement joined hands with Indian National Congress for the upcoming Non-
cooperation Movement. Again March 19, 1920 was observed as Khilafat Day and following that there was
an all party conference in June 1920 at Allahabad. The agenda of the Non-cooperation Movement was
finalized.
51. (b)
Aryabhatta Satellite was launched on 19 th April 1975, with weight of 360 kg. It was launched by Soviet
Intercosmos rocket. The objectives of this project were to indigenously design and fabricate a space-
worthy satellite system and evaluate its performance in orbit.
52. (d)
The Scientific goals of tye mission focus on “elemental isotopic, molecular and mineral, the
characterization of physical properties of the surface and subssurface material.
53. (b)
The plan was particularly in the development of the public sector, The plan followed the Mahalanobis
model.
54. (c)
The First Buddhist council immediately following the death of the Buddha and the second Buddha council
in the region of Ashoka occurred in patlipura and Rajgira.
55.(b)
Makkhali Gosala as the fou der of the Ajivika sect; other sources state that Gosala was only a leader of a
large Ajivika congregation of ascetics, bjut not the founder of the movement himself.
56. (b)
Japan won the Thomas Cup 2014 of badminton 2014. China won Uber Cup 2014 of badminton. Thomas
Cup is for men and Uber Cup is related to Women.
57. (a)
58. (d)
Harappan culture developed and matured in to man urban civilization that developed in Sind and Punjab.
From there it spread southwards Southwards and estwards. lts area was 1,299,600 sq km, which is a larger
area than that of Pakistan and certainly larger than Egypt and Mesopotamia.
59. (a) Megasthenes was a Greek ambassador to the court of Chandragupta Maurya. He was also the
author of the book India.
60. (a) By the late 19th century India was one of the largest producers and exporters of Cotton Yarn and
wheat. The export of Indian wheat progressed after Suez Canal opened in 1869. About 17% of India's
wheat was exported by 1890s.
61. (c)
The correct sequence is-
Appar- 7th century CE
Basavanna- 1134- 1196 CE
Lai Ded- 1320-1392 CE
Mira Bai- 1498- 1557 CE
62. (b)
Russian and German did not bring trading ships to the port of Surat in pre-British times.
63. (a)
The factory Act of 1891 in India was enacted to improve the condition of labour in India. It provided some
specific rules and regulations including-the age of child labour to be established from nine to twelve, child
labour could work maximum of six hours, women were given half given half an hour break etc.
64. (a)
64. (d)
The Drafting Committee for framing the constitution was appointed on 29th August 1947.The committee
comprised of a chairman and six other members. The committee members were:- Dr B. R.
Ambedkar(Chairman), K M Munshi, Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, N Gopalaswami Ayengar, B L Mitter, Md.
Saadullah and D P Khaitan
66. (d)
The Congress of Vienna was a conference or ambassadors of European states, and held in Vienna from
September 1814 to June 1815. The goal was not simply to restore old boundaries, but to resize the main
powers so they could balance each other off and remain at peace. The "Big Four" members included the
"Big Four" and France are Austria, England, Prussia and Russia. Later on, France was also invited to join.
67. (b)
The Stamp Act Congress met in a Federal I fall building was a meeting held between October 7 and 25,
1765 in New York City. Fit was the first gathering of elected representatives from several of the American
colonies to devise a unified protest against new British taxation.
68. (c)
The first Continental Congress met in Carpenter's Hall in Philadelphia, from September 5, to October 26,
1774, all of the colonies except Georgia sent delegates. Countries which sent their delegates are New
Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island. Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina.
69. (d)
The Bolshevik Revolution started in Russia during the reign of Czar Nicholas 11(1894-1917). Nicholas 11
was the last Emperor and the last Czar of Russia. It was executed along with his family by the Bolsheviks.
70. (c)
Article 51(a), Part IV (a) of the Indian Constitution, specifies the list of fundamental duties of the citizens.
According to it "to promote the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people,
especially the Scheduled castes and Scheduled Tribes" and "To protect all monuments of historic interests
and national importance" are not fundamental duties.
71. (c)
During the Civil Disobedience Movement. Tribal in Chota Nagpur wore Khadi gave up opium consumption. Drinking liquor and
eating meat.
72. (a)
On 8 August 1942 at the All-India Congress Committee session in Bombay, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi launched
the 'Quit India' movement. It was a civil disobedience movement.
73. (a)
Option (a) is the correct choice.
74. (c)
Option (c) is the correct answer.
75. (a)
The 13th edition of joint exercise by the Indian Coast Guard and its Japanese counterpart held
approximately at 20 nautical miles off Kochi.
76. (c)
The Grand Slam itinerary consists of the Australian Open (mid-January). The French Open (May/June).
Wimbledon (June/July) and the US Open (August/September.). First grand slam of the year is Australian
Open.
77. (d)
The state can make laws which abrogate the right in case there is a threat to public order, morality and health.
78. (a)
The Scheduled Castes and Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act. 1989, an Act of the Parliament of India enacted
to present atrocities against scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. It extends to the whole of India except the State
of Jammu & Kashmir. It may be seen as giving effect to equality before law, right against discrimination and
abolition of Untouchability. Freedom of religion in India is a fundamental right guaranteed by Article 15 to Article 25
of the Constitution of India.
79. (c)
Lord Duffer in was the viceroy of India when the Indian National Congress was founded in 1885.
80. (a)
In 1840, Kandh uprising broke out against British efforts to put an end to Kandh’s practice of human
sacrifice. This revolt was led by Chakra Bishoyi.
81. (a)
82. (d)
J B Kripalani, popularly known as Acharya Kripalani, was an Indian politician, noted particularly for holding
the presidency of the Indian National Congress during the transfer of power in, 1947.
83. (d)
The term ‘First War of Independence’ was first used by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in his 1909 book ‘The
History of the War of Indian Independece’ which was originally written in Marathi.
84. (c)
Simon Commission-November, 1927
Second Round Table Conference-September, 1931
Communal Award-August, 1932
Poona Pact-September, 1932
85. (b)
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS ASKED IN AFCAT EXAMINATION
1. Todar Mal was associated with _______ in Akbar's durbar. [2016-II]

(a) Music (b) Literature
(c) Finance (d) Law Reforms
2. Mahatma Gandhi left South Africa to return to India in [2016-II]
(a) 1911 (b) 1915
(c) 1917 (d) 1919
3. Who was the Viceroy when the Simon Commission visited India? [2016-II]
(a) Lord Chelmsford (b) Lord Reading
(c) Lord Irwin (d) Lord Wellington
4. Think-tank of Government of India that replaced Planning Commission on 01 January 2015 is [2016-II]
(a) NITI Vakya (b) NITI Dharma
(c) NITI Vajpayee (d) NITI Aayog
5. What is the name of 'Innovative Council' proposed in the Rail Budget 2015 to promote innovation?
(a) Rail Tech (b) Sankalp [2016-II]
(c) Kayakalp (d) Navachar
6. Who was the person behind conversion of East India Company from a trading company into a regional
power? [2016-1]
(a) Lord Warren (b) Lord Clive
Hastings
(c) Lord Dalhousie (d) Lord Wellesley
7. Who was the Viceroy when the Simon Commission visited India? [2016-1]
(a) Lord Chelmsford (b) Lord Reading
(c) Lord Irwin (d) Lord Wellington
8. Mahatma Gandhi left South Africa to return to India in [2016-1]
(a) 1911 (b) 1915
(c) 1917 (d) 1919
9. The Battle of Plassey was fought in [2016-1]
(a) 1757 (b) 1782
(c) 1748 (d) 1764
10. Mangalyaan, Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) was launched in [2016-1]
(a) Jan 2013 (b) Oct 2012
(c) Oct 2013 (d) Nov 2013
11. The Indian space program began in [2016-1]
(a) 1961 (b) 1962
(c) 1965 (d) 1 969
12. The language of discourses of Gautama Buddha was [2016-1]
(a) Bhojpuri (b) Magadhi
(c) Pali (d) Sanskrit
13. Who among the following was the Congress President at Madras Session of 1927 when it boycotted
the Simon Commission? [2015-I]
(a) Maulana Abul (b) MA Ansari

Kalam Azad
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai (d) Subhash Chandra
Bose
14. Why did Kalinga prove to be a turning point in the life of Ashoka? [2015-I]
(a) Ashoka annexed (b) It was the starting point of the expansion of his empire
Kalinga
(c) Ashoka became a (d) It enabled Mauryan Empire to reach its climax.
zealous Buddhist
15. Alauddin Khilji did not build [2015-I]
(a) Siri Fort (b) Tomb of Jalaluddin
(c) Hauz-i-Alai (d) Jamaat Khana Masjid
16. Which of the following dynasties was ruling over North India at the time of Alexander's invasion?
(a) Nanda (b) Maurya [2015-I]
(c) Sunga (d) Kanva
17. Which of the following rulers had the title 'Kaviraja' [2014-II]
(a) Kumaragupta (b) Chandragupta
(c) Skandagupta (d) Samudragupta
18. The Viceroy who divided Bengal by following the divide and rule policy was: - [2014-II]
(a) Lord Curzon (b) Lord Ripon
(c) Lord Lytton (d) Lord Mayo
19. Who founded the Asiatic Society of Bengal in Kolkata? [2014-II]
(a) Warren Hastings (b) John Shore
(c) Sir William jones (d) Lord Cornwallis
20. Which theory gave birth to the French Revolution and the Revolution in America? [2014-II]
(a) Legal theory of (b) Theory of
rights natural rights
(c) Social welfare (d) Historical theory
theory of rights
21. Who was the Governor-General of India during the ‘Sepoy Mutiny’? [2014-I]
(a) Lord Dalhousie (b) Lord Harding
(c) Lord Canning (d) Lord Lytton
22. Who among the following has been called the ‘Napoleon of India’? [2014-I]
(a) Ashoka (b) Samudragupta
(c) Chandragupta (d) Harshavardhana
23. Who is known as the ‘Grand Old Man of India’? [2014-I]
(a) Dadabhai Naoroji (b) Gopal Krishna
Gokhale
(c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak (d) A.O. Hume
24. Kalhana’s ‘Rajatarangini’ is a history of [2014-I]
(a) Kashmir (b) Harsha’s reign
(c) Rajasthan (d) Chandragupta’s
reign
25. Who accorded the title ‘Mahatma” to MK Gandhi? [2013-I]

(a) Sardar Patel (b) Nehru
(c) Sarojini Naidu (d) Rabindranath
Tagore
26. The Non co-operation Movement started in which year? [2013-I]
(a) 1900 (b) 1921
(c) 1940 (d) 1935
27. During the Middle Ages education was confined only to [2013-I]
(a) Kshatriyas (b) Brahmins
(c) Peasants (d) Shudras
28. Who among the following was responsible for the spread of Buddhism in Sri Lanka? [2013-I]
(a) Ashoka (b) Mahavira
(c) Parsavanth (d) Chandra Gupta
Maurya
29. Who among the following had discovered the Bramhi Script in 1838? [2012-II]
(a) Sir William (b) Dr. Rajendra Lal
Jones Mitra
(c) Dr. Bhaw Dagi (d) Jones Prinsep
30. Who was known as father of administration in medieval India? [2012-II]
(a) Akbar (b) Sher Shah Suri
(c) Humayun (d) Aurangzeb
31. Brahma Samaj was founded by
(a) Raja Rammohan (b) Jawaharlal
Roy Nehru
(c) William Carey (d) Jonathan
Duncan
32. The person who is regarded as the greatest law giver of ancient India is [2012-I]
(a) Panini (b) Kautilya
(c) Manu (d) Patanjali
33. The immortal fame of Ashoka largely rests upon [2012-I]
(a) His conversion to (b) His policy for the welfare of his subjects.
Buddhism and its
propagation.
(c) His work in the (d) His extensive conquests.
sphere of politics and
moral teaching.
34. Gandhiji started Dandi March [2012-I]
(a) To demonstrate (b) To break the
against the British salt law.
Empire.
(c) To boycott foreign (d) None of the
goods. above.
35. The first war of Indian Independence began on 10 May 1857 at [2012-I]
(a) Meerut (b) Jhansi
(c) Barrackpore (d) Delhi

36. The famous Grand Trunk (GT) Road from Peshawar to Kolkata was built by [2011-II]
(a) Akbar (b) Ashok
(c) Sher Shah Suri (d) Chandragupta
37. The Ashoka Pillar whose Lion Capitol (Carving) was adopted by the Government of India as National
Emblem is situated at [2011-II]
(a) Varanasi (b) Puri
(c) Prayag (d) Sarnath
38. The First Battle of Panipat was fought between [2011-I]
(a) Akbar & Hemu (b) Babur and Ibrahim
Lodhi
(c) Akbar & Rana (d) Ahmad Shah Abdali
Sanga & Marathas
39. Fa-hien visited India during the reign of [2011-I]
(a) Chandra Gupta (b) Bindusara
Maurya
(c) Chandra Gupta II (d) Bimbisara
40. Gandhiji’s first experience with Satyagraha came up in [2011-I]
(a) Dandi (b) Champaran
(c) Bengal (d) Natal
41. During whose tenure as the viceroy of India were the great Martyrs Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru
hanged? [2011-I]
(a) Lord Curzon (b) Lord Irwin
(c) Lord Minto (d) Lord Chelmsford
AFCAT PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS – SOLUTION

1. (c) Raja Todar Mal was the finance minister of the Mughal Empire during Akbar's reign.
2. (b) Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in 1915.
3. (c) Lord Irwin was the viceroy of India when Simon Commission visited India.
4. (d) NITI Aayog is the Government of India think tank established by PM Narendra Modi to replace
Planning Commission.
5. (c) 'Kayakalp' is the innovative council of Indian Railways for innovation, technology development and
manufacturing.
6. (b) Lord Clive converted the East India Company into regional power after winning the battle of Plassey.
7. (c) The Simon commission was established under the guidance of the then vice president Lord Irwin by
the council of India.
8. (c) Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa permanently in 1917.
9. (a) The Battle of Plassey, 23 June 1757, was a decisive British East India Company victory over the
Nawab of Bengal and his French allies, establishing Company rule in South Asia which expanded over
much of the Indies for the next 190 years. The battle took place at Palashi, Bengal, on the river banks of
the Bhagirathi River, about 150 km north of Calcutta, near Murshidabad, then capital of undivided Bengal.
The belligerents were Siraj-ud-daulah, the last independent Nawab of Bengal, and the British East India
Company.
10. (d) Mangalayan. Mars Orbit Mission was launched on 5 November 2013 by the Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO).
11. (b) Indian Space programmes began in 1962.
12. (c) The language of discourses of Gautama Buddha was Pali.
13. (b) M. A. Ansari was the Congress President at the Madras session of 1927, when it boycotted the
Simon Commission.
14. (c) Ashoka invaded Kalinga in 261 B. C. In this war more than 2 lakh people died, wounded and made
prisoners in war. Such a huge carnage and massacre of human lives and the sufferings of the wounded
made a deep impression on Ashoka's mind. So, he decided to spare his life to the spread of Buddhism
around the world.
15. (d) The Jama 'at-Khana-Masjid or Khilji mosque was built in 1325 by Khizr Khan, son of Alauddin Khilji
while all the other monuments were built by Allauddin Khilji.
16. (a) During the invasion Alexander, Nanda dynasty was ruling the North India in the Magadha Empire.
17. (d) Samudragupta, ruler of the Gupta Empire (c. 335 - c. 375 CE), and successor to Chandragupta I, is
considered to be one of the greatest military geniuses in Indian history. He was the third ruler of the Gupta
Dynasty, who ushered in the Golden Age of India. His title of Kaviraja (King of poets) is justified by various
poetical compositions.
18. (a) The decision to effect the Partition of Bengal was announced in July 1905 by the Viceroy of India,
Lord Curzon. The partition took place in October 1905 and separated the largely Muslim eastern areas
from the largely Hindu western areas.
19. (c) Sir William jones founded the Asiatic Society of Bengal in Kolkata on 15th January 1784.
20. (b) Theory of natural rights gave birth to the French Revolution and the Revolution in America.
21. (c) A major cause of resentment that arose ten months prior to the outbreak of the Rebellion was the
General Service Enlistment Act of 25 July 1856. As noted above, men of the Bengal Army had been
exempted from overseas service. Specifically, they were enlisted only for service in territories to which
they could march. Governor-General Lord Dalhousie saw this as an anomaly, since all sepoys of the
Madras and Bombay Armies and the six "General Service" battalions of the Bengal Army had accepted an
obligation to serve overseas if required. As signed into effect by Lord Canning, Dalhousie's successor as
Governor-General, the Act required only new recruits to the Bengal Army to accept a commitment for
general service. However, serving high-caste sepoys were fearful that it would be eventually extended to
them, as well as preventing sons following fathers into an Army with a strong tradition of family service.
22. (b) Samudragupta, ruler of the Gupta Empire (c. 335 - c. 375 CE), and successor to Chandragupta I, is
considered to be one of the greatest military geniuses in Indian history. He was the third ruler of the Gupta
Dynasty, who ushered in the Golden Age of India. He was perhaps the greatest king of Gupta dynasty. He
was a benevolent ruler, a great warrior and a patron of arts. His name appears in the Javanese text
`Tantrikamandaka'.
23. (a) Dadabhai Naoroji (4 September 1825 - 30 June 1917), known as the Grand Old Man of India, was
a Parsi intellectual, educator, cotton trader, and an early Indian political and social leader. He was a
Member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom House of Commons between 1892 and 1895, and the
first Asian to be a British MP. Naoroji is also credited with the founding of the Indian National Congress,
along with A.O. Hume and Dinshaw Edulji Wacha. His book Poverty and UnBritish Rule in India brought
attention to the draining of India's wealth into Britain.
24. (a) Rajatarangini is a metrical historical chronicle of northwestern Indian subcontinent, particularly
the kings of Kashmir, written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 12th century CE. The work
generally records the heritage of Kashmir, but 120 verses of Rajatarangini describe the misrule prevailing
in Kashmir during the reign of King Kalash, son of King Ananta Deva of Kashmir. Although the earlier books
are inaccurate in their chronology, they still provide an invaluable source of information about early
Kashmir and its neighbors in the north-western parts of the Indian subcontinent, and are widely
referenced by later historians and ethnographers.
25. (d) Rabindranath Tagore bestowed the title 'mahatma' to M.K. Gandhi.
26. (b) The Non-cooperation movement was a significant phase of the Indian struggle for freedom from
British rule. It was led by Mohandas Gandhi and was supported by the Indian National Congress.
27. (b) In ancient India, during the Vedic period from about 1500 BC to 600 BC, most education was based
on the Veda (hymns, formulas, and incantations, recited or chanted by priests of a pre-Hindu tradition)
and later Hindu texts and scriptures. Education, at first freely available in Vedic society, became over time
more discriminatory as the caste system, originally based on occupation, evolved, with the Brahman
(priests) being the most privileged of the castes.
28. (a) Ashoka sent his only daughter Sanghamitra and son Mahindra to spread Buddhism in Sri Lanka
(then known as Tamraparni). As a Buddhist emperor, Ashoka believed that Buddhism is beneficial for all
human beings as well as animals and plants, so he built a number of stupas, Sangharama, viharas, chaitya,
and residences for Buddhist monks all over South Asia and Central Asia.
29. (d) The script was deciphered in 1837 by Jones Prinsep, an archaeologist, philologist, and official of
the British East India Company.
30. (a) Akbar was known as father of administration in medieval India.
31. (a) Brahma Samaj is the societal component of Brahmoism, a monotheistic reformist and renaissance
movement of Hindu religion. It was started at Calcutta on 20 August 1828 by Raja Ram Mohan Roy and
Debendranath Tagore.
32. (c) The person who is regarded as the greatest law giver of ancient India is Manu.
33. (a) Ashoka converted gradually to Buddhism beginning about 263 BCE at the latest. He was later
dedicated to the propagation of Buddhism across Asia, and established monuments marking several
significant sites in the life of Gautama Buddha.
34. (b) The Salt March, also mainly known as the Salt Satyagraha, began with the Dandi March on 12
March 1930. It was a direct-action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British
salt monopoly in colonial India, and triggered the wider Civil Disobedience Movement.
35. (a) The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of sepoys of the East India Company's army on 10
May 1857, in the cantonment of the town of Meerut, Uttar Pradesh.
36. (c) The Grand Trunk Road is one of Asia's oldest and longest major roads. For more than two millennia,
it has linked the eastern and western regions of the Indian subcontinent, connecting South Asia with
Central Asia. It runs from Chittagong, Bangladesh west to Howrah, West Bengal in India, across north India
into Peshawar, up to Kabul, Afghanistan. The predecessor of the modern road was rebuilt by Sher Shah
Suri, who renovated and extended the ancient Mauryan route in the 16th century.
37. (d) The Lion Capital of Ashoka is a sculpture of four Indian lions standing back to back, on an elaborate
base that includes other animals. A graphic representation of it was adopted as the official Emblem of
India in 1950. It was originally placed atop the Ashoka pillar at the important Buddhist site of Sarnath by
the Emperor Ashoka, in about 250 BCE.
38. (b) The First Battle of Panipat, on 21 April 1526, was fought between the invading forces of Babur and
the Lodi Empire. It took place in north India and marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire. This was
one of the earliest battles involving gunpowder firearms and field artillery. Ibrahim Lodi died on the field
of battle along with 15,000 of his troops.
39. (c) Fahien visited India in the early fifth century AD. He is said to have walked all the way from China
across icy desert and rugged mountain passes. Fahien's visit to India occurred during the reign of
Chandragupta II.
40. (b) The first Satyagraha revolutions inspired by Mahatma Gandhi in the Indian Independence
Movement occurred in Champaran district of Bihar on 1916.
41. (b) During Lord Irwin, as the viceroy of India were the great Martyrs Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and
Rajguru hanged.

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CONTENTS

3. Indian History in Brief 03

ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY

AN INTRODUCTION TO INDIAN HISTORY

Indian History is devided into following three major divisions: -

ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY

Stone Age Paleolithic or Old Mesolithic or Neolithic or New Stone Age

Period 5,00,000 BC – 8000 BC 8000 BC – 6000 BC 6000 BC – 1000 BC

Important Soan Valley (Punjab) Chotta-Nagpur, J&K, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Andhra

Art and Craft

ARYAN AND VEDIC AGE (1500 BC – 1000BC)

➢ Kshatriyas: Rulers and Administrators

• In 336 BC, he became King.

• Maues or Moga - First Saka king in India.

THE GUPTA EMPIRE (320-540 AD)

• Established Sudharsana Lake.

HARSHAVARDHANA’S HISTORY (606-647 AD)

ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY

1. Who among the following was propounder of the Madhyamika Philosophy?

2. Which of the following Rigvedic deities represented Storm?

3. The place Dharanikota in South India is related to which ancient dynasty?

4. Pushkalavati was capital of which of the following acient Kingdoms?

7. What was the capital of Surasena Mahajanpada?

8. In which of the following Russo-Persian wars Russia was defeated?

10. Begram in Afghanistan was a capital of which of the following kings?

11. Which of the following state is the home to Bharat Dynasty?

[C] Himachal Pradesh

16. During whose reign Gandhāran style of art flourished?

18. Fourth Buddhist Council was held at?

21. Which of the following dynasties was founded by Mayur Sarman?

23. Who among the following erected a monastery stupa at Peshawar?

[A] Policy of Dhamma

25. Which pillar edict of Asoka is longest of all pillars?

28. Who among the following belonged to Sakya clan of Kshatriyas?

29. Which among the following is a ritualistic Veda?

[C] Harappan Era

39. Who was the founder of the Pala Dynasty of Bengal?

45. Nalanda University was founded by which of the following?

51. Which among the following is Not correctly matched?

52. Which among the following is not correctly Matched?

53. Amarsimha whose work Amarkosha is related to which of the following?

54. Who was the creator of Ravanabadha?

55. What was the meaning of Visthi in the Gupta Era?

56. Which school of art is also called as mature School?

[C] Arafat School

64. Which among the following is incorrect about Devdasis?

68. Which among the following is incorrect regarding Kushanas?

75. Who among the following was last satavahana ruler?

77. Katyotsarga pose is a gesture of which of the following

84. Giak & Kiari are located in which of the following?

85. Navanitakam is a work on which of the following?

87. The following were the immediate successors of imperial Mauryas?

88. Who has written the biography of harshavardhana?

89. Madurai was a capital of which of the following dynasties?

92. Charak was a contemporary of which of the following Kings?

[C] Mesolithic age

94. Queen Trishala was the name of mother of ________ ?

97. Which was the second capital of Kanishka?

102. Which among the following is related to history of Kashmir?