!

7.COLUMN SPLICES
7.1 INTRODUCTION
connection sometimes being detailed with a physical
Column splices in multi-storey construction are usually
gap between the two shafts.
provided every two or three storeys and are located just
above floor level. This results in convenient lengths for For more heavily loaded splices the end result can be
fabrication, transport and erection, and gives easy access expensive, involving a large amount of fabrication and
from the adjacent floor for bolting up on site. The site bolting
provision of splices at each storey level is seldom Splices are generally provided just above floor levels
economical since the saving in column material is (typically 500mm above) hence moment due to strut
generally far outweighed by the material, fabrication action is considered insignificant. The moments induced
and erection costs of making the splice. in splices placed a t other positions should be checked.
Typical bolted column splices used for rolled I-section
Column splices should hold the connected members in
and hollow section members are shown in Figure 7.1.
line and wherever practical the members should be
arranged so that the centroidal axis of the splice material
coincides with the centroidal axis of the column sections
above and below the splice.

Bolted 'cap and base' or 'end plate' splices

for tubular and rolled I-sections
This type of splice, consisting of 'cap and base' or end
plates which are welded to the ends of the lower and
upper columns and then simply bolted together on site, is
commonly used in tubular construction but has also
gained in popularity in recent years for rolled I-section.
The most simple form of the connection is as shown in
figure 7.2 and i s satisfactory as long as the ends of each
shaft are prepared in the same way as for a bearing type
splice and also due attention is paid to other considerations
such as load reversalmakingthe splice a tension connection,
stability during erection and structural integrity. This type
of connection can then be both simple and cost effective.
In a splice connection with end plates it is generally more
difficult to achieve the same stiffness as the member than
it is for the cover plate splices. An accurate elastic analysis
of the connection should be used to verify that it i s at least
as stiff as the member. It is likely that relatively thick end
Figure 7.1 Splice connections plates will be needed. Extended end plates may be
required if there is a significant moment. Even where a
Bolted cover plate splices for I-sections:
splice connecion is entirely in compression, it is advisable
There are two categories for this type of connection: to maintain full continuity of stiffness through the
Bearing type (see Figure 7.3). Here the loads are connection to safeguard the robustness of the structure.
transferred in direct bearing from the upper shaft
either directly or through a division plate.
The 'bearing type' is the simpler connection, usually
having far fewer bolts than the non-bearing splice,
and is therefore the one most commonly used in

I/ II
practice. 'Cap plate'
Non-bearing type (see Figure 7.4). In this case
loads are transferred via the bolts and splice plates.
Any bearing between the members is ignored, the Figure 7.2 'Cap and base' o r 'End plate' splice

208
 Column Splices - Practical Considerations

Packs Ends of Ends of Packs

members members
prepared prepared
for bearing for bearing

Division
plate

(a) External cover plates (b) Internal cover plates (c) External cover plates
- same serial size - same serial size - different serial size

Figure 7.3 Bearing column splices for rolled I-sections

Packs Packs Packs Packs

(a) External cover plates (b) External and internal (c) Internal cover plates (d) External cover plates
cover plates
- same serial size - same serial size - same serial size - different serial size

Figure 7.4 Non-bearing column splices for rolled I-sections

7.2 PRACTICAL CON S IDERATIONS

Rolled I-section column connections
The types of splices used for rolled column connections It must be emphasised that direct bearing does not
are shown in Figures 7.3 and 7.4. necessitate the machining or end milling of the columns
and that full contact over the whole column area is not
The normalpreparation for a rolled column essential. Guidance on the allowable tolerances between
required to transmit compression by direct bearing is by bearing surfacescan be found in BS 5950-2[1] and the
saw cutting square to the axis of the member. A good National Structural Steelwork Specification[8].
quality saw in proper working order is adequate for this
purpose.

209
Column Splices - Recommended Geometry

CHS and RHS tubular connections

'Cap and base' or 'end plate' splice connections are HSFG bolts can be used, or alternatively the connection
suitable for tubular members in both compression and could be detailed with 'cap and base' plates as shown in
tension. For simple designs the recommendations included Figure 7.2. As a guide, net tension is considered significant
here are those in the Cidect guide^[^^][^^]. when it exceeds 10% of the design strength (p,) of the
upper column.
Implicit in the design procedures is an allowance for
prying forces; the 'exact method bolt tension capacity'
can therefore be used.
Holes
Holes in fittings may be punched full size, using semi-
Preferred splice types automatic equipment, within the limits laid down In
BS 5950-2['] and in accordance the National Structural
Practical considerations lead to bearing type splices being
Steelwork Specification[8].Holes through thicker fittings
recommended in most cases. However if constructional
and column flange and web are usually drilled.
difficulties are encountered (e.g. the need to splice to
existing steelwork) then a non-bearingsplice may be the
only alternative. In such cases a physical gap should be
Splice fittings
detailed between the columns, and the splice components Splice fittings are usually fabricated using S275 material
should be designed accordingly. and standard flats. Appropriate sizes may not be available
for the heavier splices and in such cases the fittings will be
In non-bearingsplices joining members of different serial cut from plate.
size, multiple packs are necessary to take up the
dimensional variations. In order to limit the packing to If a division plate is necessary, it will either be nominally
reasonable proportions no more than one jump in the welded to the column or bolted to the web using angle
column serial size should be taken a t each splice. Further cleats. The latter option gives the opportunityfor the plate
rules on the packing follow in the design checks. These to be easily removed on site if any adjustments are
restrictions on packing do not apply when high strength necessary.
friction grip bolts are used.
Division plates will normally be sized approximately
For architectural reasons, it will often be necessaryto keep 5mm smaller than the lower column size to permit easy
the width of the connection to a minimum. If this is the fitting, and will normally be flat enough for tight bearing
case, then either countersunk bolts, or narrow flange without the need for machining or flattening.
plates bolted to the inside of the flanges can be used as
Packing shims are usually detailed 5mm short of the
shown in Figure 7.3(b) and 7.4(c). By using both these
bearing surfaces to avoid the possibility of slip and cutting
options, it is possible to detail a splice that is no wider than
tolerances resulting in the ends being trapped.
the column section itself.

Fasteners 7.3 RECOMMENDED GEOMETRY

Generally the capacities and design strengths of fasteners The main aims when detailing column splices are as
and fittings should be based on the rules given in BS 5950- follows:
1, clause 6.3. The fastener spacing and edge distances
should comply with the requirementsof clause 6.2 of that to provide a connection that is capable of carrying
code. the design loads:
to ensure that members are held accurately in position
For the majority of cases 8.8, M20 or M24, bolts will be
relative to each other;
adequate for cover plate splices; the flange bolts are
inserted with the heads on the outside. Countersunk bolts to providea degree of continuity of stiffness about both
may be used if flush surfaces are required, modifying the axes:
checks as appropriate. to provide sufficient rigidity to hold the upper shaft
safely in position during erection[30].
Untorqued bolts in clearance holes are normally used,
Detailing requirementsfor splices outlined in this Section
except in cases where significant net tension may be
present or where slip is unacceptable. Situations where are based mainly on past experience, and these guidelines
have been used to produce the standard bearing splices
joint slip may be unacceptable include splices in a braced
bay subjected to large load reversals. In cases where for rolled sections included in the yellow pages.
significant net tension may be present, either general grade

270
 Column Splices - Design

7.4 DESIGN Structural integrity

The design check proceduresforcolumn coverplate splices The Building Regulations require that certain tall multi-
in rolled sections are described in detail for bearing splices storey buildings must be designed so that accidental
in Section 7.5 and for non-bearing splices in Section 7.6. damage does not lead to disproportionate collapse. Clause
2.4.5 of BS 5950-1[1] lays down a set of rules for steel
The design check proceduresfor RHS and CHS bolted 'cap frames that are deemed to satisfy these requirements.
and base' splices, when subject to tensile forces, are
described in Sections 7.7 and 7.8 respectively. In such cases, the flange cover plates and associated bolt
groups should be checked for a total tensile force equal to
Bearing splices the largestfactored vertical dead and imposed load reaction
applied to the column a t a single floor level located
The procedures require bearing splices to be initially
between that column splice and the next column splice
checked to establish whether the design forces and
down.
moments induce net tension in any part of the connection.
If net tension does occur then further checks must be
carried out on the flange cover plates and bolts. With no Worked examples
net tension a standard connection such as shown in the Five worked examples are provided in Section 7.9; three
yellow pages can be used without further checks. examples illustrate the design checks for rolled section
cover plate splices and two design checks for hollow
It is not necessary to achieve an absolutely perfect fit over section splices in full tension.
the entire bearing surface. Normally, ends of columns that
are sawn cut are adequately smooth and flat for bearing Column splice tables
without machining. The actual bearing of the ends of each
A fully detailed set of bearing-type coverplate splices for
column is dependent upon the accuracy of erection; after
common combinations of UC columns is included in the
erection the ends bed down as successive dead loads are
yellow pages (Tables H.32 and H.33). Rationalised bolt
applied to the structure.
spacing and fittings sizes have been adopted and these
It can be assumed that full contact in bearing has been may be used for most splices. Tension capacities are given
achieved, provided that the gap between the bearing for bolted cover plates on each flange and these values can
surfaces, after erection, complies with clause 9.5.5 of be used either for the net tension or for the structural
the National Structural Steelwork Specification.[8] integrity checks.

For the use of preloaded HSFC bolts see Table H.31 note 6.
Non-bearing splices
The design of a non-bearingsplice is more involved, as all Non-bearing splices are infrequently used for rolled
forces and moments must be transmitted through the columns so tables are not provided for this type of
bolts and splice plates. The connection must be checked connection. However, Tables H.36, H.37 and H.38 are
both for compression and for any net tension that may provided for bolted splices in CHS and RHS members in
occur. tension.

Shear force
The horizontal shear force arising from the moment
gradient is normally resisted by friction across the contact
bearing surfaces and/or by the web cover plates. Wind
forces on the external elevations of buildings are normally
taken directly into the floor slabs. If instead they are taken
into thesteel columns it is usual to positionthe connections
between the wall and the column such that the splice is
not subject to wind shear. It is rare for column splices in
simple construction be expected to transmit wind shears,
and thus no design methods are presented in this guide.

27 7
 3

Column Splices (Bearing Type) - Rolled steel I sections - Design Procedures

7.5 DESIGN PROCEDURE

COVER PLATE SPLICES FOR I-COLUMNS - BEARING TYPE

Recommended design model

When the splice is being made between columns of the horizontal division plate provided between the shafts to
same serial size, the transfer of axial forces from the upper ensure an adequate load path. Flange cover plates then
shaft to the lower shaft can be in direct bearing because connect to the external faces of the column shafts.
the inner profile of the lighter section will always align with
the inner profile of the heavier section. The flange cover In normal circumstances the horizontal shear force arising
plates can be arranged to connect either to the external from the moment gradient is resisted by friction across the
faces of the column (when pairs of packing plates will be contact bearing surfaces andtor by the web cover plate,
required with a thickness equating to the difference in the but no specific checks are presented here. See further
depth dimension of the two sizes) or alternatively to the advice in Section 7.4.
inner flanges by using split cover plates.
Design procedures are summarised below. CHECK 1
When the splice is being made between columns which gives the size parameters for the splice, CHECKS 2 to 4
are of different serial sizes, the transfer of axial forcesfrom are strength checks required when tension is present
the upper shaft to the lower shaft is made through a and CHECK 5 is required for structural integrity design.

t --Fv 1 t -Fv I
where
M nominal moment due to factored dead and imposed loads (ie. column
design moment) a t the floor level immediately below the splice.
axial compressive force due to factored dead load only.

FV
shear force.
D conservatively, the overall depth of the smaller column (for external
flange cover plates) or the centreline to centreline distance between
the flange cover plates (for internal flange cover plates).

CHECK 1 Recommended detailing practice

CHECK 2 Flange cover plates - Determine whether net tension is present

CHECK 3 Flange cover plates - Tensile capacity of cover plates

CHECK 4 Flange cover plates - Bolt group

CHECK 5 Structural integrity - Cover plates and bolt group

272
 Column Splices (Bearing Type) - Rolled steel I sections - Design Procedures

Recommended detailing practice

CHECK 1 Columns (UC or UB) - Bearing splice
External flange cover plates
H
Web cover plate width 2 0.5D1

Web cover plate

a t least 4 no.

(normally untorqued
in clearance holes)
See notes (l)&(2)

Flange cover plate

Projection hp 1 B, and 225mm
Width Wf& B,
Thickness 2 T1/2 and 1Omm

Butting surfaces of sections in direct bearing

Web angle cleats
a t least 2 no. M cleat length 2 OSD,
8.8 bolts each s

Division plate thickness

determined by the stiff
bearing provisions of
clause 4.5.1.3 of

Direct bearing onto a division plate

Notes:
(1) Bolt spacing and edge distances should comply with the recommendationsof BS 5950-1:2000.

(2) If there is significant net tension (see CHECK 3) then the notesfrom CHECK 1 for Non-bearingsplices
should be adhered to.

273
Column Splices (Bearing Type) - Rolled steel I sections - Design Procedures

Recommended detailing practice

CHECK 1
(continued)
Columns (UC or UBI - Bearing splice
Internal flange cover plates
)-1

Web cover plate width t 0.5D,

Web cover plate
a t least 4 no.
M20, 8.8 b o l t s 1 r----j+i
D. /

x
-Tl
111 tl

Bolts
(normally untorqued
in clearance holes)

Flange cover plate

Projection 4p t B, and 225mm
Width Wfpt (B1 - t2- 2r2)/2 (r2= root radius)
Thickness

Internal flange cover plates

Jotes:
(1 1 Bolt spacing and edge distances should comply with the recommendations of BS 5950-1:2000.

(2) If there is significant net tension (see CHECK 3) then the notesfrom CHECK 1 for Non-bearingsplices
should be adhered to.
 Column Splices (Bearing Type) - Rolled steel I sections - Design Procedures

Flange cover plates - Presence of net tension

CHECK 2 due to axial load and bending moment H

+[ ; 3
Basic requirement:

If M
2

Net tension does not occur and so the splice need only be detailed to transmit axial
compression by direct bearing (Check 1)

Net tension does occur and the flange cover plates and their fasteners should be
checked for a tensile force, F, (Check 3 and 4)
Preloaded HSFG bolts should be used when net tension induces stress in the upper
column flange > 10% of the design strength of that column.

M
F, =
D 2

where: M = nominal moment due to factored dead and imposed loads (i.e. column
design moment) a t the floor level immediately below the splice.

FCd = axial compressive force due to factored dead load only.

D = conservatively, the overall depth of the smaller column (for external

flange cover plates) or the centreline to centreline distance between
the flange cover plates (for internal flange cover plates).

275
Column Splices (Bearing Type) - Rolled steel I sections - Design Procedures

CHECK 3
Flange cover plate
Tensile capacity of cover plate H
Tension

Column
flange

Flange cover plate

F2

Basic requirement:

~2 min (py +p , KePyAfp.net

where
F, is as given by CHECK 2

gross area of flange cover plate(s) attached to one flange

+p =

Afp,net= net area of flange cover plate(s) attached to one flange

Ke = 1.2for 5275 steel,

Check for significant net tension:

F2 > 0.1 then preloaded HSFC bolts should be used

If
Tl B l Py1

where:

T, = Upper column flange thickness

B, = Upper column flange width
= Upper column design strength
PY1
Note:

(1 It is sufficiently accurate to base this calculation on the gross area of the flange.
(2) When the tension is due to structural integrity requirements it is not necessary to use preloaded HSFC bolts.

276
 Column Splices (Bearing Type) - Rolled steel I sections - Design Procedures

CHECK 4 Flange cover plate -bolt group H

Tension

4y
- F2
Column flange

t
e

Flange cover plate

Bolts in shear
Basic requirement:
F, I Reduction factor C P,

P, = shear capacity of single bolt = p, A,

(But for the top pair of bolts, P, is the smaller of ps As or 0.5 e qPpb, )

where:
9d 5500 - Lj
Reduction factor = min(
8d + 3tpa ’ ( 5000 1 ’ 1)
joint length (in mm)
shear strength of the bolt
shear area of the bolt
thickness of the flange cover plate
bearing strength of the flange cover plate
end distance
bolt diameter
thickness of the packing

Bolts in bearing
Basic requirement:
F2 5 C Pb,
Pb, = bearing capacity of the flange cover plate
(But for the top pair of bolts, Pb, is the smaller of dqp pb, or 0.5 e qp Pb,)
Note: If the thickness of the column flange is less than the thickness of the flange cover plate,
then bearing capacity of the column flange should also be checked.
For Preloaded HSFC bolts
F, 5 CP,,
For connection designed to be non-slip under factored loads
P, = slip resistance = 0.9 K, p PO (BS 5950-1, cl. 6.4.2)
K, = 1 .O for fasteners in standard clearance holes
P = slip factor
PO = minimum shank tension as specified in BS 4604[31]

277
Column Splices (Bearing Type) - Rolled steel I sections - Design Procedures

CHECK 5 Structural integrity of splice

Tension

If it is necessary to comply with structural integrity requirements, then checks 3 and 4 should

be carried out with: F, = ‘tie /2

based on the conservative assumption that the tie force is resisted by the two flange cover
plates.

Ftie is the tensile force obtained from BS 5950-1, clause 2.4.5.3(c).

278
 Column Splices (Non-Bearing Type) - Rolled steel I sections - Design Procedures

7.6 DESIGN PROCEDURE

COVER PLATE SPLICES FOR I-COLUMNS - NON-BEARING TYPE

Recommended design model

The transfer of all forces, including the axial force, is In normal circumstances the horizontal shear force arising
made from the upper shaft to the lower shaft via the from the moment gradient is resisted by the web cover
bolted splice cover plates. plate, but no specific checks are presented here. See
further advice in Section 7.4.
The flange cover plates can be arranged to connect
either to the external faces of the column (when pairs of Design procedures are summarised below. CHECK 1
packing plates will be required with a thickness equating gives the size parametersforthe splice, CHECKS 2 to 5 are
to the difference in the depth dimension of the two strength checks and CHECK 6 is required for structural
integrity design.
sizes) or alternatively to the inner flanges by using split
cover plates.

where
M -
- nominal moment due to factored dead and imposed loads (ie. column
design moment) a t the floor level immediately below the splice.
- axial compressive force due to factored dead and imposed loads

- shear force.
\
- conservatively, the overall depth of the smaller column (for external
flange cover plates) or the centreline to centreline distance between
the flange cover plates (for internal flange cover plates).
- maximum compressive force per flange
- maximum tensile force per flange

- compressive force in web

CHECK 1 Recommended detailing practice

CHECK 2 Flange cover plates - Compression and tension capacity

CHECK 3 Flange cover plates - Bolt group

CHECK 4 Web cover plates - Compression capacity

CHECK 5 Web cover plates - Bolt group

CHECK 6 Structural integrity - Cover plates and bolt group

279
Column Splices (Non-Bearing Type) - Rolled steel, I sections - Design Procedures

Recommended detailing practice

CHECK 1 Columns (UC or UB) - Non-bearing Splice
External flange cover plates
H
Web cover plate width 2 OSD,
D, / I n

Web cover plate ~

a t least 4 no.
M20, 8.8 bolts
See Notes (1) & (2 -
Bolts
Multiple packs (normally untorquec
thickness tpa in clearance holes)
LfP See Notes (1) & (2).

Cap
:optional)

-Packs arranged
LfP
as necessary

Flange cover plate

.Wide bolt spacing

-
Projection qP2 B, and 225mm for joint rigidity
Width
Thickness
b p 2 B,
>TT,/2and 1Omm
II

Axial compression developed in external flange cover plates

Notes:

(1) Preloaded HSFC bolts are required if slip is unacceptable.

(2) Although the minimum width and length for cover plates are similar to those for bearing
splices the thickness and bolt design will usually result in larger cover plates.

(3) Bolt diameters must a t least 75% of packing thickness

(4) The number of plies in multiple packs should not exceed four.[32]

(5) There should not be more than one jump in serial size of column at the splice.

(6) If external and internal flange covers are to be provided the sizes should be similar to
those shown and the combined thickness of the external and internal cover plates must
be a t least T,/2. All cover plates should be a t least 1Omm thick.

(7) Bolt spacing and edge distances should comply with the recommendations of BS 5950-1:2000

220
 Column Splices (Non-Bearing Type) - Rolled steel I sections - Design Procedures

Recommended detailing practice

CHECK 1
(continued)
Columns (UC or UB) - Non-bearing splice
Internal flange cover plates
H
Web cover plate width 2 0.5D1
Web cover plate
a t least 4 no.
-
M20, 8.8 bolts

,--
/
Bolts
normally untorqued
in clearance holes
See Note (1) opposite

- Packs arranged
as necessary

-Wide bolt spacing

for joint rigidity

Flange cover plate

Projection 4p2 B, and 225mm

Width Wfp 2 (B, - t - 2r2)/2

Thickness 2T,/2 and 1Omm

Axial compression developed in internal flange cover plates

Notes:

The notes (1) and (3) to (7) opposite apply.

22 7
Column Splices (Non-Bearing Type) - Rolled stee! I sections - Design Procedures

Flange cover plates

CHECK 2 Capacity H
Compression Tension

Column
t F1

flange

Flange cover plate

For compression
Basic requirement:
Fl < PY +P
where:
M
- A,
Fl D + ‘4A) (conservative)

Design strength of cover plate

PY
gross area of flange cover plate(s) attached to one flange
+P

M nominal moment due to factored dead and imposed loads (i.e. column design
moment) a t the floor level immediately below the splice

FC
axial compressive force due to factored dead and imposed loads

D conservatively, the overall depth of the smaller column (for external flange cover
plates) or the centreline to centreline distance between the flange cover plates
(for internal flange cover plates)

A total area of the smaller column

A, area of one flange of the smaller column = B, x T,

Bl width of flange of the smaller column

Tl flange thickness of the smaller column

For tension
Basic requirement:
‘2 5 min (P, h p , KePyAfp.net1
where:

F2
-- -
M - Fed( 4
A ) (conservative)
D

F,d = axial compression force due to factored dead load only

A,p,net = net area of flange cover plate(s) attached to one flange

Ke - 1.2 for 5275 steel ,

-

222
 Column Splices (Non-Bearing Type) - Rolled steel I sections - Design Procedures

Flange cover plates

CHECK 3 Bolt Group H
Compression Tension

Column
t F1

flange

Flange cover plate

Bolts in shear
Basic requirement:
Max.(F1,F2) < Reduction factor x C P,
P, = shear capacity of single bolt = p, A,
(But for the top pair of bolts, P, is the smaller of ps As and 0.5 e qPpb, )

where:
9d
Reduction factor = min(
8d + 3tpa
joint length (in mm)
Lj =
Ps -
- shear strength of the bolt
A, = shear area of the bolt
thickness of the flange cover plate
qp =
pbs - bearing strength of the flat ige cover plate
e = end distance
d = bolt diameter
= thickness of the packing
tPa

Bolts in bearing
Basic requirement:
Max.(F,,F2) 2 c ,P,
Pb, = bearing capacity of the flange cover plate
(But for the top pair of bolts, Pb, is the smaller of dqp pb, and 0.5 e qPPb,)
Note: If the thickness of the column flange is less than the thickness of the flange cover plate,
then bearing capacity of the column flange should also be checked.
For Preloaded HSFC bolts
Max.(F,,F2) 2 C P,,
For connection designed to be non-slip under factored loads
P,, = slip resistance = 0.9 K, p PO (BS 5950-1, cl. 6.4.2)
K, = 1 .O for fasteners in standard clearance holes
CL = slip factor
PO = minimum shank tension as specified in BS 4604r3’]

223
Column Splices (Non-Bearing Type) - Rolled steeli I sections - Design Procedures

Web cover plates

CHECK 4
Capacity H

Column

Web cover plate

“1 F3
tt
Capacity of w e b cover plates

Basic requirement:

conservatively F3 =
A

where: F, = axial compressive force due to factored dead and imposed loads
A = total area of the smaller column

A w = area of web of the smaller column = (A - 24)

A f = area of one flange of the smaller column

Py = Design strength of web cover plates

Awp = gross area of one web cover plate

224
 Column Splices (Non-Bearing Type) - Rolled steel I sections - Design Procedures

Web cover plates

CHECK 5 Bolt group H

Column ------

&-
tt
Bolts in shear
Basic requirement:

where: F3 = As per Check 4

P, = shear capacity of single bolt = p, A,
(But for the top pair of bolts, P, is the smaller of p, A, or 0.5 e fNp Pb,)
shear strength of the bolt
shear area of the bolt
thickness of the web cover plate
bearing strength of the web cover plate
end distance

Bolts in bearing
F3 5

where CpbS - bearing capacity of the web cover plate

'bs = bearing capacity of the web cover plate per bolt = d t pbs
(But for the top pair of bolts, Pb, is the smaller of d t pb, or 0.5 e Pbs)

d = bolt diameter

Note: If the thickness of the column web is less than the combined thickness of the web cover
plates, then the bearing capacity of the column web should also be checked.

225
Column Splices (Non-Bearing Type) - Rolled steel, I sections - Design Procedures

CHECK 6 Structural integrity of splice

H

Tension

i Ftie

If it is necessary to comply with structural integrity requirements, then the Bearing type splice

checks 2 and 3 should be carried out with:

‘tie
- -
F2 -
2

based on the conservative assumption that the tie force is resisted by the two flange cover plates.

Fti, is the tensile force obtained from BS 5950-1, clause 2.4.5.3(c).

226
 Tension Splices - RHS sections - Design Procedures

7.7 DESIGN PROCEDURE

RHS 'CAP AND BASE' OR 'END PLATE' SPLICE IN TENSION

Recommended design model

The design procedures for tension splices in square and Thesemi-empiricalrulesare basedontherecommendations
rectangular hollow sections considers tension bolts being given in the CIDECT Design and take account
placed along two parallel faces as shown below. There of prying forces; it is therefore permissible to use the
are no structural integrity checks given since the principal exact method bolt tension capacities of BS 5950-1.
force is tension.

CHECK1 - Recommended detailing practice

CHECK 2 - Complete end plate yielding (not applicable)

CHECK3 - Bolt failure with end plate yielding

CHECK4 - Bolt failure

CHECK 5 - Weld capacity

CHECK6 - Member capacity

227
Tension Splices - RHS sections - Design Procedures

Recommended detailing practice

CHECK 1 RHS splice in tension
Bolted end plates 00

Hole diameter D,
Dh = d + 2mm for d I 2 4 m m
Dh = d + 3mm f o r d > 24mm
plate thickness, tp
12mm 5 t, I 2 6 m m
See Note (2)

Inr I
B
I I 1t3-
e1 e2
Bolt spacing p
p 2 2.5 d

Edge distance 2 1.4Dh

Edge distance e3 2 1.4D,

2D
Total number of bolts N I - + 2 but 2 4
P

Notes:

(1) Dimension e, to be kept to a minimum.

(2) Plate thickness tp should be limited to between 12mm and 26mm because this
is the range for which the design method has been validated experimentally.

Complete end plate yielding

CHECK 2 (Not applicable due to plate thickness limitations) 00
228
 Tension Splices - RHS sections - Design Procedures

CHECK 3 Bolt failure with end plate yielding

00

P P P

Ba ic requirement:
tn2(1 + 6 a ) N
Ft
K

a but 2 0

where:
end plate thickness (mm)
tP

N total number of bolts (both rows)

Dh bolt hole diameter (mm)

P bolt pitch (mm)

d bolt diameter (mm)

Tension capacity
. I - 8.8 bolts
L RHS wall thickness (mm) Exact tension capacity
Bolt size
pt
Pyplate design strength of plate (N/mm2)

Exact tension bolt capacity (kN) M20 137 kN

pt
(see inset box) M24 198 kN

eeff minimum of e2 and 1 .25e1 (mm) M30 314 kN

229
 CHECK 4 Bolt failure
00

- Ft .Ft

Basic requirement:

where:

pt = Exact tension bolt capacity (kN)

(see inset box)

N = total number of bolts (both rows)

Exact tension capacity

Bolt size

M20 137 kN

M24 198 kN

M30 314 kN

230
 Tension Splices - RHS sections - Design Procedures

CHECK 5 Weld
00
continuous
I weld --
- - End plate,

Ft Ft

Weld tensile capacity

Basic requirement: For fillet weld:

Provide continuous full-strength weld a = weld throat thickness

(See Note (1)and (2)) or alternatively: = 0.7 s

F, I 2D a ( 1 . 2 5 ~ ~ ) s = weld leg length 5 12mm

where:
D = RHS depth For partial penetration butt with additional fillet:

Pw
-- design strength of weld a = weld throat thickness according
see BS 5950-1 Table 37. to geometry shown in Figure above
(220N/mm2 for S275 steel
250N/mm2 for 5355 steel.)

Notes: (1) The weld should be capable of developing the full strength of the RHS. Afillet weld should
normally be used, but if the required leg length exceeds 12mm then a partial penetration butt
weld with additional fillets may be a more economical solution.

(2) For a partial penetration butt weld with additional fillets, as shown in Figure
above, note that:
the depth of preparation should be 3mm deeper than the required penetration.
the minimum penetration of 2dt specified in BS 5950-1 clause 6.9.2 does not apply to
the detail shown.

(3) Depending on splice plate stiffness, the welded perimeter of RHS Sections will be loaded non-
uniformly. In the absence of more precise design guidance, the effective weld length should be
taken as the side lengths adjacent to the loaded bolts in tension.

23 7
Tension Splices - RHS sections - Design Procedures

CHECK 6 Member capacity

00

1 uu

Member capacity

Basic requirement:

Ft

where:
A - cross-sectional area of RHS

PY = design strength of RHS

232
 Tension Splices - CHS sections - Design Procedures

7.8 DESIGN PROCEDURE

CHS END-PLATE SPLICE IN TENSION

Recommended design model

The design procedures for tension splices in circular The semi-empirical rules are based on the recommendations
hollow sections consider tension bolts being evenly given in the ClDECT Design and take account
placed radially around the section. There are no structural of prying forces; it is therefore permissible t o use the
integritychecks given, since the principal force is tension. exact method bolt tension capacities.
Ft

CHECK 1 - Recommended detailing practice

CHECK 2 - Complete end plate yeilding

CHECK 3 - Bolt failure with end plate yielding

CHECK4 - Bolt failure

CHECK 5 - Weld capacity

CHECK6 - Member capacity

233
Tension Splices - CHS sections - Design Procedures

Recommended detailing practice

CHECK 1 CHS Splice in tension
Bolted end plates 0

Hole diameter D,
D, = d + 2mm ford 5 24mm
D, = d + 3mm ford > 24mm

edge distance e2 2 1.4 D,

Bolt spacing p
p 2 2.5 d
p 110d

Notes: (1) Bolts to be equally spaced around circumference.

(2) At least 4 bolts to be used.

(2) Dimension e, to be kept to a minimum.

234
 Tension Splices - CHS sections - Design Procedures

CHECK 2 Complete end plate yielding

0

Ft
L

D
4 e

Basic requirement:

where:
1 ( k3 + (k32 - 4 k1)0'5 )
-
24

In (r2 /r3) [ In = natural logarithm ]

D
- + e,
2

k, +2

end plate thickness

design strength of plate

CHS diameter

CHS wall thickness

235
Tension Splices - CHS sections - Design Procedures

CHECK 3 Bolt failure with end plate yielding

0

Basic requirement:

Ft
[ In = natural logarithm]

where:
f3
1
- ( k3 + (k32 - 4 kl)’”)
2kl

k, [ In = natural logarithm]

N total number of bolts

pt Exact tension bolt capacity (kN)

(see inset box)
D
- + el + eeff
2
Tension capacity - 8.8 bolts
D
r2 - Exact tension capacity
2 + e1 Bolt size
pt

eeff Min(e2, 1.25e1)

M20 137 kN
D-tw
r3 M24 198 kN
2
M30 314 kN
k3 k, + 2

CHECK 4
~ ~ ~~~
Bolt Failure
0
Basic requirement:
Ft < N Pt (kN)

where: N = total number of bolts

pt = Exact tension bolt capacity (kN)
(see inset box above)

236
 Tension Splices - CHS sections - Design Procedures

CHECK 5 Weld

I
continuous
weld

jl
Weld tensile capacity

Basic requirement: For fillet weld:

provide continuous full-strength weld
a = weld throat thickness
(See Note (1)and (2)) or alternatively
= 0.7 s
F, 5
s = weld leg length I 1 2 m m
where:
D = CHS diameter For partial penetration butt with additional fillet:
- design strength of weld a = weld throat thickness according
Pw -
see BS 5950-1 Table 37. to geometry shown in Figure above
(220N/mm2 for 5275 steel
250N/mm2 for 5355 steel.)

Notes: (1) The weld should be capable of developing the full strength of the CHS. A fillet weld should
normally be used, but if the required leg length exceeds 12mm then a partial penetration butt
weld with additional fillets may be a more economical solution.

(2) For a partial penetration butt weld with additional fillets, as shown in Figure
above, note that:
the depth of preparation should be 3mm deeper than the required penetration.
the minimum penetration of 2dt specified in BS 5950-1 clause 6.9.2 does not apply t
the detail shown.

237
Tension Splices - CHS sections - Design Procedures

CHECK 6 Member capacity

0

Member capacity

Basic requirement:

F, I A PY

where:
A -
- cross-sectional area of CHS

- design strength of CHS

PY

238
 Column Splices - Worked examples

7.9 WORKED EXAMPLES

The five worked examples for splices illustrate the design Example 3: Anon-bearing splice for UCswithall forces
checks required for the most commonly used details: developed in the bolted cover plates,
including a structural integrity check.
Example 1: A bearing splice for connecting two
different size Universal Column sections Example 4 An RHS splice made with bolted end-plates
using external cover plates and with a which is subject to axial tension.
division plate between.
Example 5: ACHS splice made with bolted end-plates
Example2: A connection as Example 1 but with a which is subject to axial tension.
bending moment where net tension is
present (additional checks which have to
be made are shown).

239
Column Splices - Worked Example 7 and 2

CALCULATION Client
SHEET SCI/BCSA Connections Croup

Calcs by Checked by Date

RS AM May 2002

BEARING COLUMN SPLICE FOR USE IN EXAMPLES 1 AND 2

254 x 254 x 73 UC
(5355 steel) \

[- -
.I-

1
25
See splice
capacity
Table H.33
in the yellow
pages
-

50
-
80 35
305~305xl18UC
(5355 steel) 250
- 150
c

Design information:
flange cover plates: 2/250 12 525
flange Packs: 2/250 30 240
Cleats: 4/90 x 90 x 8 Angles x 150 Long
Web Packs: 2/85 x 2 x 7 50
Division plate: 265 25 3 7 0
Bolts: M20 Grade 8. 8
fittings material: 5275 steel

240
 Column Splices - Worked Example 1 and 2

Title Example 7 - Column Splices - UC bearing splice (No net tension) Sheet
2of 7

DESIGN EXAMPLE 7 - SPLICE PREPARED FOR CONTACT IN BEARING

(note:- In this example no net tension is developed in the flange cover plates.)

Check the column splice shown on sheet 7 for the following design forces.

Design Loading (Factored loads)

Dead 825kN
Axial compression
Imposed 942kN
Moment I SkNm (About xx axis of column)
Shear 8kN

SUMMARY OF FULL DESIGN CHECKS FOR EXAMPLE 1 ON SHEET 3

No checks needed on shear, which can be resisted by friction across the bearing surfaces.

Sheet
CHECK Comments
Nos

3 CHECK 7 All recommendations

Recommended detailing Not Not adopted, within reasonable
practice Applicable Applicable practical limits

3 CHECK 2
Flange Cover
Plates Net Tension Check 104.8kNm 15kNm No net tension developed

24 7
Column Splices - Worked Ex6mple 7 and 2

Title Example 7 - Column Splices - UC bearing splice (No net tension) 1 sheet 3 o f 7

CHECK 7 : Recommended detailinu practice

External flange cover plates

Projection, Lfp 2 B, and 225 = 254.6and225 Say 250mm Acceptable

Width, Wfp 2 B, = 254.6 Say 2SOmm Acceptable

Note: Maximum vertical bolt spacing p = 14t, i.e. minimum thickness is p/14 BS 5950- 1
CI 6.2.7.2
Tl P
Thickness -
2
and 10 and -
74
14.2 160
- and 10 and -
2 74

7.1 and 70 and 11.4 Say 72mm .'. O.K.

314.5 - 254.1
Packs, ,t D2 - 4 -
2 2

30.2 Say 30mm Acceptable

Division Plate

Thickness [(D2 - 2T2) - (D, - 2T,)] x 0.5

[(3 7 4.5 - (2 x 18.7)) - (254.1 - (2 x 14.2))] x 0.5

25.7 Say 2Smm Acceptable

Web cleats

Use 90 x 90 x 8 Angles to accommodate M20 bolts in opposite positions on adjoining legs

Length 2 0.5 D , = 0 . 5 ~ 2 5 4 . 7 = 127 Say 150mm .*. O.K.

- t2 - t J 72.0 - 8.6
Packs tpo - -
2 2

-
- 1.7 Say 2mm .*. O.K.

(Alternatively omit packs and provide slotted holes in cleats)

CHECK 2: Flange cover plates

Net Tension Check

Basic requirement for no net tension: M < -

2

&
D
-l 825 x 254.1
-
- = 104.8kNm
2 2 x 103

M = 75kNm < 104.8kNm .'. O.K.

Tension does not occur and the details derived in CHECK 1
can be adopted without further investigation.

242
 Column Splices - Worked Example 7 and 2

Title Example 2 - Column Splices - UC bearing splice (Net tension developed)

I 4 of 7

DESIGN EXAMPLE 2 - SPLICE PREPARED FOR CONTACT I N BEARING

(Note:- In this example net tension is developed in the flange coverplates.)

Check the splice shown on sheet 1 for the following design forces

Design Loading (Factored loads)

Dead 760kN
} Axial compression
Imposed 870kN

Moment 7 1 OkNm (About xx axis of column)

Shear 60kN

SUMMARY OF FULL DESIGN CHECKS FOR EXAMPLE 2 ON SHEETS 5 TO 7

~~ ~

Applied
Capacity Comments
Load

5 CHECK 1 All recommendations

Recommended detailing Not Not adopted, within
practice Applicable Applicable reasonable practical limits

5 CHECK 2
CRITICAL CHECK
Flange cover plate
96.6kNm 7 7 OkNm Net tension developed
Net Tension Check

5 CHECK 3
Net tension is not
Tensile Capacity of flange 8 15.8kN 52.9kN significant and ordinary
cover plate bolts are adequate

6 CHECK 4
Flange bolt group
No need to check column
Shear Capacity 265kN 52.9kN
flange in this example
Bearing Capacity 447.6kN 52.9kN

7 CHECK 5
Structural integrety Not Not If necessary carry out
Applicable Applicable CHECKS 2 and 3 with tie
force from
BS 5950-7~1.2.4.5.3(~)

Additional CHECK
Shear Capacity of 163kN 60kN
splice interface

24 3
~~

Column Splices - Worked Example 7 and 2

Tit'e
Example 2 - Column Splices - UC bearing splice (Net tension developed)
I 5 of 7

CHECK 1: Recommended detailins practice

As for design example 7

CHECK 2: Flanse Cover Plates

Net Tension Check

Basic requirement for no net tension: M < Fc,D

2
760 x 254.1
- = 96.6kNm
2 2 x 103
M = IlOkNm 4 96.6kNm .'. Fails

.'.Net tension occur and the flange cover plates and their fastenings must be checked
for a tensile force, F2
M
--
F2 D 2
110 703 760
-
- - -
254.1 2
= 52.9 kN

CHECK 3: Tensile Capacity of Flanqe Cover Plate

Basic requirement: F2 5 Min ( ~ A+
y Ke Py Afp.net)

Cross area, = 250x12 -

- 3000mm2

Net area, 4p.net = 3000 - ( 2 x 2 2 x 1 2 ) = 2472mm2

275 x 3000
- - 825kN
PY
1 03

- 1.2~275~2472
- 8 7 5.8kN
KePyAfp.net -
103
Tension capacity = 8 7 5.8kN

F2 = 52.9kN < 875.8kN .*. O.K.

Check the suitability of ordinary bolts.

10% of the design strength of the 254 x 254 x 73 UC (5355)

See 7.2
= 70%of355N/mm2 = 35.5N/mmz Fasteners

Stress induced in the column flange by F,

(it is sufficiently accurate to base this calculation on the gross area of the flange.)
~ 2 . 103
9 ~
-
-
2 5 4 . 6 ~14.2

= 14.6N/md < 3S.SN/md .*. O.K.

There is no significant net tension in the column flange and the use of ordinary bolts in
clearance holes is satisfactory.

244
 Column Splices - Worked Example 1 and 2

I Title Example 2 - Column Splices - UC bearing splice (Net tension developed) I 6 of 7

CHECK 4: Flanqe bolt group

Shear Capacity of Bolt Croup

Basic requirement: F2 I Reduction Factor x X P, Bolt capacities

from
Single shearcapacity,M20 8.8 bolt Ps = 97.9kN Yellow pages
Table H.49

For top pair of bolts Ps = min (91.9, 0.5 e tfp P b s )

Flange cover plate
I I 0.5 x 40 x 72 x 460 Pbs from
BS 5950-7
Table 32
= 170.4kN
Li= 160 *** = 97.9kN

5500 - Lj 9d
Reduction Factor = min ( 1)
5000 ' 8d + 3tpa I

9x20
9d -
8d + 3tpa (8 x 20) + (3 x 30)

= 0.72

loint length, Lj = 160mm < 500mm

Therefore there is no long joint effect.

Total shear capacity = Reduction Factor ZPs

= 0 . 7 2 ~ 491.9
~

= 265kN

F2 = 52.9 < 265kN .'. O.K.

Bearing Capacity

Basic requirement: Ft I XP,,

Bearing capacity for one bolt, 'bs = ' @ pbs

20 x 72 x 460 Pbs from

-
- BS 5950- 1
7 O3
Table 32
= 170.4kN
For top pair Of bolts, Pb, = min ( d tfppbs, 0.5e tfpP b s )

Total bearing capacity, xPbs = 4 7 10.4

= 447. 6kN

f2 = 52.9 < 441.6kN .'. O.K.

The column flange is thicker and of a higher grade of steel than the flange cover plate and is
therefore adequate in bearing.
Note: The capacity of the flange cover plate, 265kN (i.e. minimum of CHECKS 3 and 4 ) can be
obtained from Table H.33 in the yellow pages in lieu of applying CHECKS 3 and 4. When using
the tables it is still necessary to investigate the suitability of ordinary bolts (CHECKS 2 and 3)
and the adequacy of the column flange in bearing (CHECK 4).

245
Column Splices - Worked Example 7 and 2

Tit'e
Example 2 - Column Splices - UC bearing splice (Net tension developed) I
I
7 of 7

CHECK 5: Structural lnteqritv

- . of Splice
If it is necessary to comply with structural integrity requirements, then CHECKS 3 and 4 should be
carried out with:

F, = 'tie /2
based on the conservative assumption that the tie force is resisted by the flange coverplates.

Ftie is the tensile force obtained from BS 5950-1, clause 2.4.5.3(c).

Additional CHECK :Horizontal shear Capacity of Splice Interface

For a bearing type splice, any horizontal shear F, is assumed to be resisted by friction across
the splice interface.

Basic requirement: F, S shear capacity of splice interface

The coefficient of friction p f for a steel to steel interface depends upon the surface condition of
the steel and on any coatings provided.

Conservatively, for steel with no surface treatment, and with complete mill scale, the coefficient ECCS Pub
of friction, p f may be taken as 0.20. No. 37[331

Shear capacity of splice interface = Vertical load Coefficient of friction

Vertical load with coexistent shear = - + -'cd

D 2

1 1 0 703
~ 760
-
- + -
254 2

= 433+380

= 813kN

Shear capacity of splice interface = 8 13 x 0.20

= 163kN

F" = 60kN < 163kN .'. O.K.

Therefore the splice detail is adequate.

24 6
 Column Splices - Worked Example 3

Job No Sheet
joints in Steel Construction - Simple Connections 7 of 7

Title
Example 3 - Column Splices - UC Non-bearing splice

CALCULATION
SHEET
Calcs by Checked by Date
RS AM May 2002

DESIGN EXAMPLE 3 - NON BEARING COLUMN SPLICE

254 x 254 x 73 UC
(5355 steel)

10

50
c-

305 x 305 x 1 7 8 UC
(5355 steel) 1 250 .
Design Information:

Flange cover plates: 2/250 x12 x 690

Flange packs: 2/250 x 30 x 340
Web cover plates: 2/7 50 x 8 x 350

Web packs: 2/150 x 2 x 7 70

Bolts: M24 grade 8. 8
Fittings material: 5275 steel

24 7
Column Splices - Worked Example 3

Title Example 3 - Column Splices - UC Non-bearing Splice

I Shee:of 7

Check the column splice shown on sheet 1 for the followina desian forces.

Design Loading (factored loads)

Dead 825kN
} axial compression
Imposed 942kN

Moment 75kNm (About xx axis of column)

Shear 8kN (Resisted by web coverplates)

Tie force (structural Integrity) 400kN Load from floor below splice

SUMMARY OF FULL DESIGN CHECKS FOR EXAMPLE 3

Sheet Capacity Applied

CHECK Comments
Nos kN kN

3 CHECK 1 All recommendations

Recommended detailing Not applicablt Not applicable adopted within reasonable
practice practical limits.

3 CHECK 2
flange cover plates No net tension
Axial Capacity 825 744
4 CHECK 3
flange Bolt Group
Shear capacity 813 744
Bearing Capacity 1060 744

5 CHECK 4
Web cover plates
Axial Capacity 330 199

CHECK 5
Web Bolt Group
Shear capacity 411 199
Bearing Capacity (web cover plate) 324 199

Bearing capacity (column web) 454 3 98 CRITICAL CHECK

7 CHECK 6
Structural Integrity
Axial Capacity of Flange Cover Plate 784 200 CRITICAL CHECK
for Structural integrity

248
 Column Splices - Worked Example

Title Example 3
~~
- Column Splices - UC Non-bearing Splice I 3 of 7

CHECK I :Recommended detailinq practice

Bolt diameter 2 3/4 thickness of packing either side

24mm > 0.75x30 = 22.5mm .'. O.K.

If this is found to be impracticable then the packs may be fillet welded to the column flanges and this
check omitted.

Afp = area of flange cover plate

A, = area of one flange of smaller column
A = total area of smaller column

i s x 103 254 x 14.2

F, =
254
+ (825 + 942) [ 93.1 x 102 I
= 744kN compression
Compression capacity = Py Afp

F, = 744kN < 825kN .*. O.K.

Check for tension, F2 M

- A,
=
D - L-j-1

- -i s-x 103 825

254 x 14.2
254 93.1 XI02

This indicates a net compression of 26 1kN

Therefore tension is not present.

Assuming that slip is acceptable, and since there is no net tension,

the use of ordinary bolts is satisfactory.

24 9
Column Splices - Worked Example 3

Title Example 3 - Column Splices - UC Non-bearing Splice

CHECK 3: Flanqe Bolt Group

Shear Capacity.of Bolt Group

Basic requirement: f, I Reduction Factor x zPs

bolt capacitie:
Single shear capacity from
for an M24 8.8 bolt P, = 7 32kN Yellow pages
Table H.49
For top pair of bolts P, = min (7 32, 0.5e tb PbJ

0.5 x 50 x 12 x 460 Pbs from

BS 5950-7
103
Table 32
138kN > 132kN

.: P, - 7 32kN

Reduction Factor

9d
= min ('z",",
9x24
Li ,
9d
8d + 3 tpo
/ 1)

-
-
8d + 3 tp0 (8 x 24) + (3 x 30)

0.77

joint length, Lj - 3 x 80 = 240mm < 500mm

Therefore there is no long joint effect.

Total shear capacity - Reduction Factor x ZP,

- 0 . 7 7 ~8 x 132

-
- 813kN > 744kN
-
- 744kN < 813kN .*. O.K.
f 1

Bearing Capacity

Basic requirement: F, I %S

Bearing capacity for one bolt Pb, = tfp pbs

24 x 12 x 460
Pbs from
1 O3 BS 5950-1
132.5kN Table 32

min ( tfp Pbs , 0.5e tfp Pbs )

132.5kN
8 x 132.5
1060kN
744kN < 1060kN .'. O.K.
The column flange, being 14.2mm thick and of 5355 steel is also adequate in bearing.

250
 Column Splices - Worked Example 3

1
~~

Title Example 3 - Column Splices - UC Non-bearing Splice Sheet 5 of 7

CHECK 4: Web cover plate

Axial capacity
F3 F3

Column I I Basic requirement:

F3
-
2
I p, A,

Cover plate B
tt
F3
77
F3
Conservatively, F3 = Fc
A
A,

Fc = Axial load due to factored dead & imposed loads

A = Total area of upper column

A, = Area of web of upper column = A-2Af
A, = Flange area of upper column

(825 + 942)[(93.1 x 1 O*) - (2 x 254 x 14.2)]

F3 =
93. I x 102
= 398kN

Compression capacity = +A,

27Sx l S O x 8
-
103
= 330kN

-
F3
2
- 199kN < 330kN .'. O.K.
CHECK 5: Web cover plate bolt qroup
Shear capacity
F3
Basic requirement: -
2
< zPs
For an M24 8.8 bolt, P, = 132kN as before CHECK 3
For top pair of bolts (end distance = 40mm),
P, = min ( 1 3 2 , 0.5e twppbs)
0.5~40~8~460
0*5etwp Pbs -
-
Pbs from
103 BS 5950- 1
= 73.6kN Table 32

.: P, = 73.6kN
Total shear capacity = P,

= (2 x 132.4) + (2 x73.6) = 411kN

F3
-
2
-
- 199KN < 417kN .*. O.K.

25 7
 Column Splices - Worked Example 3

Title Example 3 - Column Splices - UC Non-bearing Splice I 6of 7

Bearing Capacity

F3
Basic requirement: - EPb,
2
Bolts generally:

Bearing capacity, Pbs = d t Pb, Pbs from

BS 5950- 7
24 x 8x 460 Table 32
-
103

= 88.3kN

For top pair of bolts:

Pb, = 73.6kN as before

Total bearing capacity = zPbs

= ( 2 ~ 8 8 . 3 )+ (2x 73.6) = 324kN

F3
-
2
= 199kN < 324kN .*. O.K.

Bearing on Column Web

The thickness of the column web (8.6mm) is less than the combined thickness of the web cover plates
(2 x 8 = 7 6mm) and must therefore be checked for bearing.

Basic requirement: F3 zPbs

End distance of bolts adjacent to end of column

= 50mm > 2d
Pbs from
Therefore bearing capacity per bolt on grade 5355 web,
BS 5950-7
Table 32
pbs = Pbs
24 x 8.6 x 550
-
103

= 713.5kN

Total bearing capacity = z Pbs

454kN

F3 = 398kN < 454kN .'. O.K.

I 252
 Column Splices - Worked Example 3

Title Example 3 - Column Splices - UC Non-bearing Splice 1 Sheet 7 of 7

CHECK 6: Check for Structural lnteqritv

The maximum factored vertical load applied to the column from any floor down to the next splice
BS 5950- 1
‘tie = 400kN
CI 2.4.5.3(c)
All column splices must be capable of resisting a tensile force of not less than the maximum vertical
load applied to the column from any floor down to the next splice.
Design force applied to each flange cover plate,
400
= - = 200kN tension
F2 2
Axial capacity of flange cover plate.

Tension capacity = min ( py A@ , Ke p, Afp,net)

= 250x 12
AfP
= 3000mm2

A ~ ,= ~3000~- (2 ~ 26 12)] = 2376mm2

1.2 x 275 x 2376

KePyA+.net = = 784kN
103

Tension capacity = 784kN

F2 = 200kN < 784kN
.*.O.K.
Shear capacity of bolt group connecting flange cover plate to column flange (CHECK 3).
Total shear capacity = 8 7 3kN (as before) Sheet 4
Fz = 200kN < 813kN .*. O.K.

Bearing capacity of flange cover plate connected to column flange (CHECK 3).
Total bearing capacity = 1060 kN (as before) Sheet 4
F, = 2OOkN < 1060kN .*. O.K.

Therefore, the splice detail shown on Sheet 1 is adequate.

Structural Integrity Checks Using Capacity Tables BS 5950-1
CI 2.4.5.3(c)
Total tie force applied to the column splice = 400kN

In this example the flange plates are 250 x 12 but are connected using 8 M24 bolts instead of 4 A
bolts as in the bearing type splices shown in Example 1 and in the yellow pages Table H.33 standard
geometry for these members.

From the Yellow pages standard geometry Table H.33 the tensile capacity of one standard splice plate
is 264kN. Therefore the tensile capacity of the whole connection as stated in Table H.3 1 note (5) is:

264 x 2 = 528kN

400kN < 528kN .*. O.K.

Thus the stronger non-bearing splice in this example must also be adequate.

253
RHS Tension Splices - Worked Example 4

Sheet
joints in Steel Construction - Simple Connections 7 of 5

SHEET SCI/BCSA Connections Croup

1- Calcs by
RS
Checked by
AW
Date
May 2002

800kN

200 x 100 x 8.0 Grade 5275 RHS

t
25
25

200 x 7 00 x 8.0 Grade 5275 RHS

v
800kN

= 50

= 90
DP = 2 8 0
= 90

L = 50

Total number of bolts N = 6

Design Information:
End Plates: 280 x 3 10 x 25
Bolts: M24 8.8
Material: 5275 steel
Weld: 12mm fillet

254
 RHS Tension Splices - Worked Example 4

Title Example 4 - Splices - RH5 tension splice Sheet

2 of5

SUMMARY OF FULL DESIGN CHECKS FOR EXAMPLE 4

-
Sheet Capacity Applied
CHECK Comments
Nos kN kN
-
3 CHECK 7
Recommended detailing Not Not All recommendations
practice Applicable Applicable adopted

3 CHECK 2
Complete end plate yielding Not applicable due to end plate
thickness limitations

CHECK 3
Bolt failure with end plate yielding 850 800 CRITICAL C H E C K

CHECK 4
Bolt Croup
- Tension capacity 7 188 800

5 CHECK 5
Weld
- Tension capacity 924 800 Full strength welds

5 CHECK 6
Member
- Tension capacity 7 232 800
-

CONNECTlON DESIGN USING CAPACITY TABLES FROM YELLOW PAGES

Yellow pages
2 0 0 x 7 00 x 8.0 RHS Grade 5275 Standard connection Table H.38

Total number of bolts = 6

End plate thickness = 25mm
Tying capacity = 877kN iee Table H.34
note (2)

Applied force = 800kN

800kN e 817kN .: O.K.
Note: The capacity from Table H.38 is conservatively based on the thickest section
in the range.

255
RHS Tension Splices - Worked Example 4

Title Example 4 - Splices - RHS tension splice 1 ~~~

Sheet
3 of 5

CHECK 7: Recommended detailinq practice

End Plates (2 72mm < 26mm) -
- 25mm
tP
20
Bolts (NI- +2=6.4) N = 6 2 4
P
d -
- 24mm dia

Holes (d + 2mm) Dh
-
- 26mm

Spacing (p 2 2.5d = 60) P -

- 90mm
- 50mm
(e2 2 1.4Dh= 36) e2
-
- 50mm
(e, 2 7.4Dh= 36) e3

CHECK 2: Complete end plate vieldinq - Not applicable

(due t o plate thickness limitations)

CHECK 3: Bolt failure with end plate yieldinq

I

800kN

e, =55 t,= 8.0

e, = 50
+
D
p = 90
-
-1
II
I+-
t, = 2 5

Basic Requirement:
Ft I

6 = 1- -
Dh -
P

= minimum of e2 and 1 .25el -- 50 mm

4 (e, -(d/2) + t,) x 103
K =
Pyp/ate P
4 (55 - (24/2) + 8.0) x 1 O3
-- 8.55
2 6 5 x 90
P, from
Yellow pages
a = Table H.49

2.S2( 1 + (0.71 1 x 1.319)) 6

850N
8.55

Ft = 800kN < 850kN .: O.K.

256
 RHS Tension Splices - Worked Example 4

Title Example 4 - Splices - RHS tension splice

I Sheet Of

CHECK 4: Bolt failure

Basic Requirement for bolt tensile capacity:

F, I N P, P, from
Yellow pages
Table H.49
NP, = 6x198
= 7188kN
f, = 800kN -< 1 188kN ... 0.K

257
RHS Tension Splices - Worked Example 4

Title Example 4 - Splices - RHS tension splice I Sheet 5 o f 5

CHECK 5: Welds

continuous
I weld
-

8OOkN
= 700
- -+
s = 72mm FW

D = 200

Basic Requirement for weld tensile capacity:

(i) t, I a (continuous full strenghth weld)

or

(ii) f, I 2DapWx1.25

pw from
Pw = design strength of weld -
- 220N/mm2
BS 5950 - 7
Table 37
weld throat a = 0.7 s = 0.7x12mm -
- 8.4mm

(i) t, .*. 0 . K
= 8.Omm I 8.4mm

2 x 200 x 8.4 x 220 x 7.25 -

2DapWx7.25 = 924kN
105

(ii) f, = 800kN < 924kN .'. 0.K

CHECK 6: Member Capacitv

Basic Requirement:

F, I A PY
Yellow pages
A = 44.8cm2 Table H.72

p,, from
= 275 N/mm2
PY BS 5950 - 7
Table 9
44.8 x 702 x 275
-
- 7 232kN
A PY 1 03

F, = 800kN < 1232kN .'. 0.K

258
 CHS Tension Splices - Worked Example 5

DESIGN EXAMPLE 5 - TENSION SPLICE

Check the following connection for the design forces shown:

7SOkN

273 x 6.3 CHS Grade 5275

25
273 x 6.3 CHS Grade 5275 25

750kN

Total number of bolts N = 8

480 diameter

Design Information:
End Plates: 25mm thick
Bolts: M24 8.8
Material: 5275 steel
Weld: 12mm fillet

259
CHS Tension Splices - Worked Example 5

Title Example 5 - Splices - CHS tension splice Sheet

2of 5

SUMMARY OF FULL DESIGN CHECKS FOR EXAMPLE 5

Capacity Applied
Comments
kN kN

Not Not All recommendations

Applicable Applicable adopted

l3 CHECK 2
Complete end plate yielding 1610 75 0

II: CHECK 3
Bolt failure with end plate yielding 1036 750 CRITICAL CHECK

I" CHECK 4
Bolt failure 1584 75 0

CHECK 5

- Tension Capacity 7 585 750 Full strength welds

CHECK 6
Member
- Tension capacity 7 452 75 0

CONNECTlON DESIGN USING CAPACITY TABLES FROM YELLOW PAGES

Yellow pages
273 x 6.3 CHS Grade 5275 Standard connection Table H.36
Total number of bolts N = 8
End plate thickness = 20mm See
Table H.34
Tying capacity = 946kN
note (2)
Applied force = 750kN
750kN < 946kN .*. O.K.

Note: The capacity from Table H.36 is conservatively based on the thickest
section in the range.

260
 CHS Tension Splices - Worked Example 5

Title Example 5 - Splices - CHS tension splice I Sheet 3 of 5

CHECK 7 :Recommended detailins practice

End Plates = 25mm
tP

Bolts d = 24mmdia

Holes D, = 26mm

Spacing (22.5d = 60) p = 380 x 7r/8

(< 1 Od =240) = 749mm

Edge distance ( 2 1 .40,= 36) e2 = 50mm

CHECK 2: Complete end plate vieldinq

L
750kN 750kN

U D = 273
e, = 53.5
I

-tp = 25

Basic requirement:

F,

f3
-
- -
1 ( k 3 i(k32 - 4 k l )0.5
2kl

kl

‘2

D - t, 273 - 6.3
‘3
- - - = 133.4
2 2

190
- = In7.42 = 0.354
kl In 1 3 3 . 4

k3
= k, + 2 = 0.354 i 2 = 2.354

1
.: f3 -
-
2 x 0.354
(2.354 i(2.3542 -4 x 0.354)0‘5)

= 6.19

252x265x~x6.19
.: Plate capacity -
2 x 703
= 1670kN

Ft
= 750kN I 1610kN .*. O.K.

26 7
CHS Tension Splices - Worked Example 5

-
CHECK 3: Bolt failure with end plate vieldinq

= 1 39
750kN 750kN

e1 = 53.5
e2 = 50
t'
Basic requirement:

1
1 - -+ [In = natural log,]
Pt from
Yellow pages
Exact bolt capacity = 798kN Table H.49

6.19 CHECK 2

minimum of e2 and 1.25el = 50mm

D 273
-2+ el+ e e f = -+ 53.5 + 50 =
2
240mrr;

D
- 2 73
- +53.5 = 190mm
2 - -
2

240
ln(rl/rJ = = In 1.263 = 0.234
In 790
8x 198
.: Bolt group capacity = f
1 1
= 7036kR

P - 6.19 + 6 . 1 9 ~0.234 )
f, = 750kN < 1036 kN .* O.K.

CHECK 4: Bolt failure

Basic requirement for bolt tensile capacity:

f, I N Pt
P, from
Yellow pages
NP, = 8~ 198
Table H.49
= 1584 kN
F, = 750kN -< 7584kN .* 0.K

262
 CHS Tension Splices - Worked Example 5

Title Example 5 - Splices - CHS tension splice 1

I
Sheet 5 of 5

CHECK 5: Welds
continuous
weld
,-

750kN 7SOkN
3mm 4- +
t t w = 6.3

Basic requirement for weld tensile capacity:

(i) t, <
- a (continuous full strenghth weld )
Or

(ii) F, I w D a pw
pw from
Pw = design strength of weld 220N/mm2
3S 5950 - 7
Table 37
weld throat a = 0.7 s = 0.7x12mm 8.4mm

(i) I, = 6.3mm I 8.4mm .’. 0.K

E X 273 x 8.4 x 220

- I 585kN
JTDaPw J 03

(ii) F, = 7SOkN c 1585kN .*, 0 . K

CHECK 6: Member Capacity

Basic requirement:

F, I A PY
Yellow pages
A = 52.8cm2 Table H.70
p, from
py = 275 N/mm2 BS 5950 - I
Table 9

52.8 x 10’ x 275

AP, = I452kN
I 03

F, = 7SOkN < 7452kN .*. 0 . K

263