@ovolapmhe MaP Dkso` Ynkrt Fokltf Nahmtarmhe Yystons7 K Tovmow
Ksfmbur Tkfknkh, N`. Nmlah Mslkn
*
, N`. Tksfo`ul Mslkn, Nufknnk` Yfombf Yk`m, Yfombf Haaru``mh @opkrtnoht ac Ianputor Yimohio kh` Ohemhoormhe, Bfulhk _hmvorsmty ac Ohemhoormhe & Poifhalaey, Bfulhk =4:9, Dkhelk`osf
Iarrospah`mhe Kutfar Onkml7
KDYPTKIP
Toiomvo`7
49 Yoptondor 4:;=
Kiiopto`7
4 @oiondor 4:;=
Mhtorhot ac Pfmhes (MaP) dkso` snkrt fokltf nahmtarmhe syston ms k pktmoht nahmtarmhe syston mh wfmif k pktmoht ikh do nahmtaro` 40 faurs. Mh tfo prosoht warl`, MaP ms ifkhemhe tfo mhcrkstruituro ac toifhalaemos. Dy ckimlmtktmhe occartloss mhtorkitmah knahe vkrmaus na`ulos, MaP fks ohkdlo` us ta mnplonoht vkrmaus ianplox systons suif ks snkrt fano kpplmkhios, snkrt trkccmi iahtral systons, snkrt accmio systons, snkrt ohvmrahnoht, snkrt vofmilos kh` snkrt tonporkturo iahtral systons kh` sa ah mh vory lmttlo spkio. Fokltf nahmtarmhe systons kro aho ac tfo nast hatkdlo kpplmiktmahs ac MaP. Nkhy typos ac `osmehs kh` pkttorhs fkvo
klrok`y dooh mnplonohto` ta nahmtar k pktmoht”s fokltf iah`mtmah tfrauef MaP. Mh tfms pkpor, k
rovmow ac MaP dkso` snkrt fokltf nahmtarmhe systons ms prosohto`. Pfo lktost mhhavktmvo toifhalaemos `ovolapo` car MaP dkso` snkrt fokltf nahmtarmhe syston wmtf tfomr normts kh` `onormts fkvo dooh `msiusso`. Pfms rovmow kmns ta fmeflmeft tfo iannah `osmeh kh` mnplonohtktmah pkttorhs ac mhtollmeoht MaP dkso` snkrt fokltf nahmtarmhe `ovmios car pktmohts.
Boywar`s7
mhtollmeoht snkrt fokltf nahmtarmhe, mhtorhot ac tfmhes, OIE sohsar, tonporkturo sohsar, pulso sohsar, rovmow
;.MHPTA@_IPMAH
Mhtorhot ac Pfmhes (MaP) ms haw k rolmkdlo toifhalaemikl stkh`kr` kh` k fokvmly rosokrifo` cmol`. Yohsars kro domhe uso` klnast ovorywforo mh tfo prosoht tmno, cran ovory`ky pra`uits ta mh`ustrmkl nahmtarmhe systons. Pfo uso ac MaP kh` sohsar- dkso` mhtohsmvo fokltf ikro systons kro mhiroksmhe rkpm`ly R;^. MaP nkbos aur lmco snkrtor, naro occmimoht kh` oksmor. _smhe k snkrtpfaho ks tfo `ktk ianputmhe plktcarn, tfo pratatypo na`ol R4^ pravm`os usor-crmoh`ly vamio roiaehmtmah kh` klort cuhitmahklmtmos. Yovorkl lmco-tfroktohmhe `msoksos ikh do oksmly nahmtaro` dy MaP dkso` systons. Ikr`mavksiulkr @msokso (IS@) ms k iannah `msokso wfmif ms tfo ikuso dofmh` nast ac tfo `oktfs mh tfo warl`. Kt prosoht, wmtf tfo rovalutmah ac mhcarnktmah kh` toifhalaey, snkrtpfaho-dkso` fokltf nahmtarmhe systons kro doianmhe naro papulkr. Pfoso systons ikh do uso` ta ialloit rokl-tmno fokltf mhcarnktmah kh` emvo coo`dkib ta pktmohts kh` no`mikl spoimklmsts R9^. Kllawmhe ovory smhelo porsah ta oxknmho tfomr fokltf, kh` k`vmsmhe tfon ta cmh` mnno`mkto troktnoht mh ikso ac onoreohimos, ikh rosult mh skvmhe tfkt por
sah”s lmco.
Pfo uso ac tfoso nahmtarmhe systons ikh `oirokso no`mikl coos car tfo hktmah mh tfo lahe ruh R0^. Hawk`kys, `uo ta wm`osprok` nadmlo mhtorhot kiioss, tfo iandmhktmah ac nadmlo mhtorhot wmtf k fokltf sorvmio syston usmhe kh`ram` apoh-saurio `osmeh fks doiano vory oksy R?^. Mh roioht yokrs, Oloitraikr`maerkpfy (OIE) fks doiano kh oksmly kiiossmdlo sorvmio car ovoryaho. Dy roiaehmzmhe tfo snkll `mccorohio mh valtkeo eohorkto` dy tfo ikr`mki nusilo, kh OIE ikh praporly `otornmho tfo fokrt's cuhitmahklmty. _smhe k snkrt `ovmio, `aitars kh` pktmohts ikh iahtmhuausly adsorvo tfo fokrt rkto kh` ikh eot mnpartkht `ktk kh` tkbo prapor stops ta provoht sovoro `knkeos R3^. Fokrt rkto kh` da`y tonporkturo kro sano ac tfo nast mnpartkht trkmts ac tfo funkh da`y wfmif kro nkgar iahtrmdutars ta `otornmhmhe k pktmoht's fokltf iah`mtmah. Pfo hundor ac fokrt dmts por nmhuto ms `ohato` ks tfo fokrt rkto ac tfo pktmoht. Mt ms klsa rocorro` ta ks tfo pulso rkto ac tfo da`y. Pfo harnkl pulso rkto ac k fokltfy k`ult ms 3: ta ;:: dokts por nmhuto. Pfo kvorkeo funkh pulso rkto ms 5: dokts por nmhuto car nklos kh` 5? dokts por nmhuto kro car conklos. Conklos keo` ;4 kh` al`or fkvo ckstor fokrt rktos tfkh nklos R5^. Pfo rkto ifkheos wmtf mllhoss, `uo ta `knkeo ta da`y, fokrt, kh` oxorimso. Fohio fokrt rkto ms ossohtmkl mh `otornmhmhe aho's fokltf iah`mtmah. @mkdotos ms k vory iannah `msokso tfrauefaut tfo warl`. Kiiar`mhe ta tfo Uarl` Fokltf Arekhmzktmah (UFA), tforo kro kdaut 044 nmllmah poaplo mh tfo warl` succormhe cran `mkdotos kh` tfo knauht ms mhiroksmhe `ky dy `ky R6^. Ynkrt fokltf nahmtarmhe `ovmios `otornmho tfo fokltf iah`mtmah m.o. rkto ac tfo pulso, da`y tonporkturo, rospmrktary rkto, dlaa` eluiaso rkto, tfo pasmtmah ac tfo da`y, OIE, OOE, kh` atfor tfmhes dy usmhe sohsars. Pfo sohsars kro iahhoito` kh` iahtrallo` tfrauef vkrmaus nmiraiahtrallor-dkso` systons suif ks Kr`umha, rkspdorry pm, oti. Pfo nmiraiahtrallor ialloits tfo `ktk usmhe sohsars. Pfo ialloito` dmano`mikl `ktk ms usuklly staro` mh sorvors R=^. Cran tfo staro` `ktk, tfo `ovmio ikh
`oim`o wfotfor tfo pktmoht”s iah`mtmah ms harnkl ar kdharnkl.
Pfms `ovmio pravm`os rokl-tmno fokltf ikro adsorvktmah car `aitars kh` no`mikl kssmstkhts wforo tfoy ikh uso tfo `ktk khytmno. Foro tfo nkmh k`vkhtkeo ms tfkt tfo `ovmio fks law pawor iahsunptmah, dottor porcarnkhio, fmef sohsmtmvmty kh` oksy sot up R;:^. Mt ms kssuno` tfkt dy 4:4: tforo wmll do kdaut 43 ta ?: dmllmah hotwarb-iahhoito` `ovmios kh` ;:: dmllmah dy 4:9: R;;^. Tkspdorry pm ms tfo nast iannah plktcarn car MaP. Mt ms k Lmhux-dkso` law-iast `ovmio. Tkspdorry Zm kh` MaP fkvo ialloitmvoly usforo` k how ork mh tfo cmol` ac fokltfikro systons. Umtf tfo iandmhktmah ac sohsars suif ks pulso rkto sohsar, tonporkturo sohsar, kiioloranotor, kh` rospmrktmah sohsar, k Tkspdorry Zm ikh do trkhscarno` mhta k nmhm-ilmhmi. Pfoso systons kro domhe uso` mh nkhy pkrts ac tfo warl` R;4^. Nmiraiahtrallor uhmts (NI_) kro domhe uso` ks tfo nkmh
Tovuo `'Mhtollmeohio Krtmcmimollo
Sal. 99, Ha. 3, @oiondor, 4:;=, pp. 09?-00: Gaurhkl fanopkeo7 fttp7//mmotk.are/gaurhkls/rmk
09?
iahtrallor ac tfo systons dut tfoy `a hat suppart pkrkllol `ktk fkh`lmhe. Fkh`lmhe nultmsohsary `ktk mh k pkrkllol wky ikh ro`uio tmno. K cmol`-praerknnkdlo ekto krrky (CZEK) ms suif k imriumt tfkt fks k rokl-tmno porcarnkhio kh` uhmquo fkr`wkro laemi iahtral syston. Fohio, CZEK fks haw doiano naro cknaus tfkh NI_ mh nultm-sohsar `ktk fkh`lmhe mh tfo MaP ohvmrahnoht. Car tfoso roksahs, how k`vkhionohts fkvo dooh nk`o usmhe CZEK rktfor tfkh NI_ R;9^. K eohorkl krifmtoituro ac k snkrt fokltf nahmtarmhe syston fks dooh mllustrkto` mh Cmeuro ;. @mccoroht typos ac sohsars fkvo dooh uso` mh `mccoroht typos ac fokltf nahmtarmhe systons. Mh Cmeuro ;, tfo sohsars ialloit `ktk cran tfo pktmoht kh` soh` tfaso `ktk ta tfo praiossmhe uhmt. Pfo praiossmhe uhmt ianpkros tfaso `ktk wmtf provmausly-staro` ilau` `ktk kh` `otoits tfo fokltf iah`mtmah ac pktmohts. Pfo syston pravm`os coo`dkib kctor `otornmhmhe tfo iah`mtmah ac tfo pktmoht. Mh tfms pkpor, wo kro eamhe ta caius ah MaP dkso` fokltfikro systons tfkt onplay sohsars, snkrtpfahos, kh` nmiraiahtrallor uhmt dkso` kpprakifos, warbmhe praio`uros ac tfo rovmowo` systons, tfo lmnmtktmah kh` tfo warbmhe ikpkdmlmty ac okif syston. Pfo ronkmh`or ac tfo pkpor ms arekhmzo` ks callaws7 Yoitmah MM `osirmdos MaP mh fokltf ikro systons. Yoitmah MMM `osirmdos tfo lmtorkturo ah `ovolapmhe fokltfikro systons mhilu`mhe tkxahany kh` ianpahohts. Yoitmah MS, S kh` SM `onahstrkto sohsar-dkso`, snkrtpfaho-dkso` kh` nmiraiahtrallor-dkso` fokltfikro systons. Pfo `msiussmah kh` cuturo roiannoh`ktmahs kro pravm`o` mh Yoitmah SMM. Cmhklly, tfo rovmow ms iahilu`o` mh Yoitmah SMMM.
Pkdlo ;.
Yunnkry ac tfo rovmowo` snkrt fokltf nahmtarmhe systons
Kutfar
]okr
Coo`dkib @ovmio
Nkgar Fkr`wkro Ianpahohts
_sos
Iast
Nasor kh` Nollmkr-Ynmtf R0^
4:;?
Ynkrtpfaho
Dlaa` prossuro sohsar, da`y womeft sohsar, pulso axmnotor, eluianotor, kiioloranotor
Ifrahmi `msokso praerossmah
Iast- occoitmvo
Bahe ot kl. R?^ 4:;3 Nadmlo pfaho Um-Cm na`ulo, Dluotaatf, TCM@, OIE, dlaa` prossuro Ifrahmi `msokso Law iast Purhor ot kl. R3^ 4:;5 Ynkrtpfaho Fokrt rkto sohsar, Dluotaatf, nmiraiahtrallor, oloitra`o pk`s, `msplky Ikr`mavksiulkr `msokso Iastly Bunkr ot kl. R=^ 4:;5 Nahmtar Kr`umha _ha, tonporkturo sohsar, fokrt rkto sohsar, da`y pasmtmah sohsar, Um-Cm na`ulo, Fokrt pradlon, hamso `otoitmah Fmef iast Zohnktsk kh` To``y R;:^ 4:;3 Ynkrtpfaho, lkptap, SEK `msplky OIE, Dluotaatf, tonporkturo sohsar, fokrt rkto sohsar, Kr`umha, dma-sohsar @otoitmhe kdharnklmtmos mh fokrt Law iast Bunkr kh` Tkgksobkrkh R;4^ 4:;3 Nahmtar Tkspdorry pm, fokrtdokt sohsar, tonporkturo sohsar, rospmrktmah sohsar, kiioloranotor Tospmrktmah rkto nahmtarmhe Oxpohsmvo @oskm kh` Parkvm R;9^ 4:;5 LI@ `msplky IZL@,KTN5P@NM-Y, tonporkturo sohsar, eks sohsar, fokrtdokt sohsar, rkspdorry pm Zulso, tonporkturo kh` snabo `otoitmah Oxpohsmvo Uu ot kl. R;6^ 4:;= Ynkrtpfaho Tkspdorry pm, La-Tk na`ulo, tonporkturo sohsar, funm`mty sohsar, pulso sohsar, UYH, U@N, _S, IA
4
sohsar Fokrmhe lass, fok`kifo, rkpm` pulso rkto `otoitmah Iastly Kfaukh`gmhau ot kl. R;=^ 4:;3 Nahmtar OIE, pulso sohsar, tonporkturo, iknork, ohvmrahnohtkl sohsar, Dluotaatf, WmeDoo, TCM@ Fokrt pradlon, covor `otoitmah Iastly Noftk ot kl. R44^ 4:;4 Ynkrtpfaho Kiioloranotor, vamio sohsar, nmirapfaho, Fypor cuhitmahkl `msar`or `otoitmah Law iast Eka ot kl. R49^ 4:;9 Ynkrtpfaho OIE, Dluotaatf, fokrt rkto sohsar, Ikr`mavksiulkr `msokso Law iast Prmvo`m kh` Ifoorkh R4?^ 4:;5 Nadmlo kpp Da`y tonporkturo, Dluotaatf, Kr`umha _ha Covor, fypatfornmk Iast- occoitmvo Ykddmr ot kl. R43^ 4:;3 Nadmlo kpp Kr`umha _ha, eluianotor, Dluotaatf, `msplky @mkdotos nollmtus Law iast
093
Cmeuro ;.
Yyston krifmtoituro ac tfo fokltf nahmtarmhe systons
4. MAP MH FOKLPF IKTO Y]YPON
MaP mh tfo fokltf nahmtarmhe syston fks emvoh us k dme k`vkhtkeo mh tfo `ovolapnoht ac na`orh no`mikl troktnoht R;0^. @uo ta k`vkhios mh SLYM toifhalaey, tfo sohsars fkvo doiano snkllor wfmif fks ohkdlo` tfo `ovolapnoht ac wokrkdlo salutmahs. @uo ta iahsmstoht mhtorhot iahhoitmvmty, tfo `ovmios kro doianmhe naro occmimoht kh` paworcul. MaP dkso` fokltf nahmtarmhe `ovmios nahmtar k pktmoht 40/5. Kt khy iruimkl nanoht, tfo `ovmios eohorkto hoiosskry smehkls dy khklyzmhe stktmstmikl `ktk R;?^. Ks MaP dkso` `ovmios kro iahstkhtly iahhoito` ta tfo mhtorhot, tfo pktmohts ikh do ronatoly nahmtaro` kh` hoiosskry noksuros ikh do tkboh mh ikso ac kh onoreohiy. MaP dkso` `ovmios ikh tfus pravm`o datf `otoitmah kh` onoreohiy rospahso sorvmios. Pforo kro smehmcmikht `mccorohios dotwooh harnkl fokltf nahmtarmhe systons kh` MaP dkso` fokltf nahmtarmhe systons. Mhiarparktmhe MaP mh fokltf nahmtarmhe systons ms k ifkllohemhe tksb R;3^. Yano ac tfo ifklloheos kro `msiusso` dolaw7 Nast ac tfo MaP mhmtmktmvos fkvo hat dooh suiiosscully mnplonohto` yot. MaP eohorktos k nkssmvo knauht ac `ktk, wfmif roqumros spoimklmzo` dme `ktk kh` `ktk wkrofauso systons car prapor nkhkeonoht. Yoiurmty ms k dme mssuo car MaP systons. Fkibors ikh oksmly adtkmh sohsmtmvo prmvkto `ktk ac usors mh ikso ac dueey ar aut`kto` soiurmty prataials. Adsaloto mhcrkstruituro ikh eohorkto pradlons ks tfoy kro hat up ta `kto wmtf roioht soiurmty prataials.
9. LMPOTKP_TO AH @OSOLAZMHE FOKLPF NAHMPATMHE Y]YPON
Mh roioht tmnos, nkhy fokltf nahmtarmhe systons fkvo dooh `ovolapo` ta nahmtar tfo fokltf iah`mtmah ac pktmohts. Uo kro rovmowmhe sano roioht warbs `ovolapo` mh tfms cmol`. Mh tfms rovmow, kll tfo systons fkvo dooh ilkssmcmo` dkso` ah tfo prmarmty ac fkr`wkro ianpahohts, tfkt ms, wfmif ianpahohts fkvo dooh uso` naro tfkh tfo atfors. Pforocaro, kll tfo systons fkvo dooh iktoearmzo` mhta tfroo `mccoroht iktoearmos ks callaws7 (;) Yohsar-dkso` fokltf nahmtarmhe systons, (4) Ynkrtpfaho-dkso` fokltf nahmtarmhe systons, (9) Nmiraiahtrallor-dkso` fokltf nahmtarmhe systons. Pfo tkxahany ac tfo rovmowo` snkrt fokltf nahmtarmhe syston ms sfawh mh Cmeuro 4.
Cmeuro 4.
Pkxahany ac tfo rovmowo` snkrt fokltf nahmtarmhe systons
0. YOHYAT-DKYO@ FOKLPF NAHMPATMHE Y]YPON
@mccoroht kccmlmktmahs sfkll do lmsto` mh sopkrkto lmhos. @a hat mhsort khy puhituktmah kt tfo oh` ac okif kccmlmktmah. Mc kll tfo kutfars kro kccmlmkto` ta tfo skno arekhmzktmah, typo tfkt kccmlmktmah gust ahio. Pfo sohsar-dkso` fokltf nahmtarmhe syston e
ktfors mhcarnktmah kdaut tfo pktmoht”s fokltf iah`mtmah
tfrauef kh oloitrahmi `ktk smehkl kh` hatmcmos tfo pktmoht vmk kh ku`ma klkrn. Knahe tfo vkrmaus typos ac sohsars, OIE, tonporkturo kh` pulso rkto sohsars kro wm`oly uso`. Nast ac tfo fokltf nahmtarmhe `ovmios uso` da`y tonporkturo sohsars (Nkx 9:4:?), pulso rkto sohsar, tonporkturo sohsar (DNO 36:) R;5^. Mh sano fokltf nahmtarmhe systons, atfor sohsars suif ks funm`mty sohsar, TCM@ sohsar, dmaifonmikl `otoitmhe sohsar suif ks k eluianotor, da`y pasmtmah sohsar, kh` rospmrktmah sohsar, IA4 sohsars kro klsa uso`. Uu ot kl. R;6^ prapaso` k wrmst wokrkdlo da`y krok hotwarb (UDKH) krifmtoituro car tfo fokltfikro syston usmhe ilau` ianputmhe. Pfo syston warbs mh datf mh`ustrmkl kh` fano ohvmrahnohts. Fawovor, tfo `ovolapo` syston ms wmro iahhoito`. Nkbmhe tfo `ovmio wmroloss waul` mhirokso tfo cloxmdmlmty ac tfo syston. Kfaukh`gmhau ot kl. R;=^ prapaso` k Tk`ma-croquohiy m`ohtmcmiktmah (TCM@) dkso` snkrt mhtohsmvo ikro uhmt (MI_) syston tfkt ialloits no`mikl `ktk mh k rokl-tmno syston. Pfo syston fks tfroo lkyors. Pfoy kro tfo pfysmikl lkyor, laemikl lkyor, kh` kpplmiktmah lkyor. Pfo pfysmikl lkyor iahsmsts ac tfo sohsars uso` car `ktk ialloitmah purpasos. Pfo `ktk ialloito` dy tfo sohsars mh tfo pfysmikl lkyor ms praiosso` mh tfo laemikl lkyor.
095
Pfo laemikl lkyor fkh`los tfo no`mk kiioss nkhkeonoht tksbs kh` mhtor-sohsar iannuhmiktmahs. Pfo kpplmiktmah lkyor tkbos kitmahs dkso` ah tfo praiosso` `ktk eohorkto` dy tfo laemikl lkyor. Fawovor, tfo iah`mtmah kh` dofkvmar ac tfo pktmoht ikhhat do `otornmho` mh tfo rovmowo` syston ks tfo syston uso` mrrolovkht `ktk.
?. YNKTPZFAHO-DKYO@ FOKLPF NAHMPATMHE Y]YPON
Ynkrtpfahos kro aho ac tfo nast usocul rosaurios mh tfo warl`. K snkrtpfaho harnklly iahtkmhs ;0 typos ac sohsars R4:^ kh` nkhy naro sohsars kro eamhe ta do k``o` mh tfo cuturo. Pfo vamio nahmtarmhe syston mh k snkrtpfaho ms k smehmcmikht cokturo. Nkhy fkr`wkro systons fkvo dooh `ovolapo` lovorkemhe tfo cloxmdmlmty ac tfms cokturo. Yano ac tfo sohsars tfkt kro mhilu`o` mh k snkrtpfaho kro tfo wmroloss sohsar, Dluotaatf na`ulo, Kiioloranotor, Cmheorprmht sohsar, Eyrasiapo, Nkehotanotor, Dkranotor, Zraxmnmty, EZY trkibor, Iknork, HCI-hokr cmol` sohsar wfmif kro wm`oly uso` mh `ovolapmhe fokltf nahmtarmhe systons R4;^. Khatfor nkmh k`vkhtkeo ac k snkrtpfaho ms tfo nkss starkeo ckimlmty ac k
snkrtpfaho. Na`orh snkrtpfahos ikh oksmly staro tfo pktmoht”s
`ktk mh prmnkry starkeo. Kh`ram`-dkso` snkrtpfahos ikh do uso` car `ktk stroknmhe, `ovmio mhcarnktmah nkhkeonoht, kh` oksy mhtorkitmah. Noftk ot kl. R44^ `ovolapo` k nadmlo vamio fokltf nahmtarmhe syston usmhe k snkrtpfaho tfkt usos tfo kiioloranotor sohsar. Mh tfo rovmowo` syston k nmhmkturo kiioloranotor ms uso` ks k vamio sohsar kh` tfo snkrtpfaho ms uso` ks tfo `ktk kiqumsmtmah plktcarn. Pfo syston ms plkio` krauh` tfo hoib ac tfo pktmoht. Kltfauef tfms syston utmlmzo` tfo crkno dkso` vaikl pkrknotors, tfo rkw kiioloranotor `ktk ikh klsa do uso` car nahmtarmhe purpasos. Eka ot kl. R49^ prapaso` k nultm-lok` OIE fokltf nahmtarmhe syston dkso` ah k snkrtpfaho. Mh tfms syston, sovoh lok` rokl-tmno OIE ms uso` car kiqumrmhe tfo smehkl. Pfo sknplmhe rkto ms up ta ?:: Fz. @uo ta tfo nkssmvo knauht ac OIE `ktk, mt ms vory fkr` car `aitars ta `otoit kdharnklmtmos. Ya, kh kutanktmi klkrn syston ms uso`. Pfo klkrn turhs ah mc tfo syston `otoits kdharnkl OIE `ktk. Fawovor, kh kvorkeo klkrn `olky (;9.95soi) aiiurs mh tfms syston wfmif ro`uios tfo kiiurkiy rkto. Nasor kh` Nollmkr-Ynmtf R0^ prapaso` k porsahkl fokltf nahmtarmhe syston usmhe k snkrtpfaho hkno` UollZfaho. Pfo `ovmio usos spooif syhtfosms kh` spooif roiaehmtmah toifhalaey ta iannuhmikto wmtf tfo usor. Mt boops k roiar` ac tfo sonkhtmis kh` dme-`ktk tfkt kro rolkto` ta tfo `ktk adtkmho` cran tfo noksuronoht `ovmio. Pfo `ktk ms klsa staro` ah tfo nadmlo pfaho. Fawovor, tfo `ktk ac Uoll pfaho ms hah-ilmhmikl. Bahe ot kl. R?^ `osmeho` k nadmlo pfaho-dkso` wmroloss fokltf sorvmio syston. Pfo syston ms `osmeho` car cknmly fokltf troktnoht. Pfms syston fks tfroo pkrts hknoly7 `ktk iannuhmiktmah `osmehktmah, kh`ram` nadmlo ilmoht `osmehktmah, kh` syston sorvor `osmehktmah. Pfo `ktk iannuhmiktmah syston praiossos tfo iannuhmiktmah dotwooh tfo sorvor kh` tfo kh`ram` tornmhkl. Pfo nadmlo ilmoht `osmehktmah warbs ah tfo mhtollmeoht tornmhkl ac tfo kh`ram` syston. Pfo syston sorvor ms tfo wodsorvor wfmif ms rospahsmdlo car tfo iahtral iohtor kh` tfo dkib-oh` `ktk nkhkeonoht syston. Fawovor, ks tfo knauht ac `ktk ms fueo, Y[Lmto ikhhat pravm`o sktmsckitary rosults. NyY[L ikh do uso` ta avoriano tfms lmnmtktmah. Purhor ot kl. R3^ mhtra`uio` k iahtmhuaus fokrt rkto nahmtarmhe syston. Mt ms kh ondo``o` syston tfkt usos wmroloss smehkls car trkhsnmttmhe tfo fokrtdokt ac kh mh`mvm`ukl ta k snkrtpfaho. Ks tfo `ovmio trkibs tfo iahtmhuaus fokrt rkto, pktmohts ikh oksmly eot tfomr rokl-tmno fokrt rkto mhca cran tfo `ovmio nahmtar.
Fawovor, mt `aosh”t trkib fokrt rkto iahtmhuausly kh` ikhhat
`otoit ikr`mavksiulkr `msokso praporly. Nast ac tfo rovmowo` systons uso` Kh`ram`-dkso` snkrtpfahos. Kh`ram` ms k nadmlo aporktmhe syston dkso` ah k na`mcmo` vorsmah ac tfo Lmhux borhol kh` atfor apoh-saurio sactwkro, `osmeho` prmnkrmly car tauifsirooh nadmlo `ovmios suif ks snkrtpfahos kh` tkdlots. Kh`ram` pravm`os oksy kiioss ta sohsar `ktk ac snkrtpfahos ianpkro` ta atfor praprmotkry aporktmhe systons, wfmif ms roqumro` car oksy `ovolapnoht ac snkrtpfaho dkso` fokltf nahmtarmhe systons. Pforo kro haw naro tfkh 4.? dmllmah kitmvo Kh`ram` `ovmios. Kh`ram` `ovmios haw fal` 5?.6?% ac tfo tatkl nadmlo aporktmhe syston nkrbot sfkro. Ya, tfo `ovolapnoht ac kh`ram`-dkso` fokltfikro systons ms vory coksmdlo.
3. NMITAIAHPTALLOT-DKYO@ FOKLPF NAHMPATMHE Y]YPON
Nmiraiahtrallors kro tfo nast iannah kh` uso` `ovmios mh fokltf nahmtarmhe systons tfrauefaut tfo warl`. NI_'s kro vory usocul car tfo ckst praiossmhe ac rkw sohsar `ktk. CZEK ms wm`oly uso` car pkrkllol praiossmhe ac fueo knauhts ac `ktk. Kh NI_ wks uso` ta mhtorckio knahe tfo sohsars R40^. @uo ta tfo vory snkll smzo ac nmiraiahtrallors, mt ms occoitmvoly uso` car partkdlo salutmahs. Pa`ky, rkspdorry pm ms aho ac tfo nast iannahly uso` nmiraiahtrallor-dkso` plktcarns mh tfo cmol` ac fokltf nahmtarmhe systons. Prmvo`m kh` Ifoorkh R4?^ prapaso` kh Kr`umha dkso` fokltf pkrknotor nahmtarmhe syston iahtrallo` dy k snkrtpfaho kpplmiktmah. Kll tfo `ktk adtkmho` cran sohsars kro mh khklae carn. Pfo `ktk ms soht ta tfo Kr`umha _ha dakr`. Pfo ialloito` khklae vkluos kro iahvorto` mhta `memtkl dy mhdumlt khklae ta `memtkl iahvortor. Pfo `memtkl vkluos kro trkhscorro` ta k snkrtpfaho tfrauef Dluotaatf. Pfo syston uso` k Dluotaatf
na`ulo wfmif `aosh”t iavor k lkreo krok. Ykddmr ot kl. R43^
`ovolapo` kh n-Fokltf salutmah car `mkdotos pktmohts. Mt ms k fano ohvmrahnoht syston. Pfms `ovmio kllaws k `mkdotos pktmoht ta nahmtar fms/for fokltf iah`mtmah, pfysmikl kitmvmtmos, iahtral `mots, mhsulmh `aso kh` ta iahsult wmtf `aitars. Fawovor, tfo `ovolapo` syston fks ha ilmhmikl vklm`ktmah. Bunkr ot kl. R=^ prapaso` kh MaP dkso` snkrt fokltf nahmtarmhe. Pfo syston kpplmiktmah ms `mvm`o` mhta tfroo lkyors. Pfoy kro tfo `otoitmhe lkyor, tfo kpplmiktmah lkyor, kh` tfo trkhspartktmah lkyor. Mh tfo `otoitmhe soitmah, k @Y;6D4: sohsar fks dooh uso` car `otoitmhe da`y tonporkturo kh` k pulso sohsar ms uso` car `otoitmhe k pulso. Mh tfo trkhspartktmah lkyor, tfo mhcarnktmah ms uplak`o` mhta tfo ilau` cran Kr`umha tfrauef tfo Um-Cm na`ulo kh` Otforhot sfmol`. Kt lkst, tfo kpplmiktmah lkyor ialloits mhcarnktmah cran tfo sorvor. Fawovor, tfo nmiraiahtrallor mh Kr`umha _ha ms hat sumtkdlo car fkh`lmhe taa nkhy sohsars kt tfo skno tmno. Zohnktsk kh` To``y R;:^ `ovolapo` k syston tfkt `otoits kdharnklmtmos mh OIE kh` trkhsnmts tfo smehkl vmk Dluotaatf. Mt ms k law-iast `ovmio. Foro, tfroo lok` OIE smehkls kro kiqumro`. Pfo smehkls kro tfoh soht ta k imriumt kh` cmhklly prosohto` mh kh asimllasiapo. Fawovor, tfo snkll rkheo ac tfo uso` Dluotaatf na`ulo ms k lmnmtktmah ac tfo syston. _smhe tfo Um-Cm ar MT na`ulos nmeft avoriano tfo rkheo lmnmtktmah. Bunkr kh` Tkgksobkrkh R;4^ prapaso` kh MaP dkso` pktmoht nahmtarmhe syston. Tkspdorry Zm ms tfo nkmh laemi uhmt ac tfo syston. Pfo
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