Bihar - SDG Vision Doc 2017

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SDG VISl (.~i N

DOCUMENT
DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT

GOVERNMENT OF BIHAR
BIHAR
SDG VISIC.) N
DOCUMENT
DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT

GOVERNMENT OF BIHAR
SI. No. Topic Page No.
FOREWORD 5
II INTRODUCTION 7
Ill LIST OF FIGURES 8

IV LIST OF TABLES 9
v ABBREVIATIONS 10
1 Goal 1 : No Poverty 15
2 Goal 2 : Zero Hunger 23
3 Goal 3 : Good Health And Well Being 33
4 Goal 4: Quality Education 41
5 Goal 5: Gender Equality 61
6 Goal 6 : Clean Water and Sanitation 69
7 Goal 7: Affordable And Clean Energy 77
8 Goal 8 : Decent Work And Economic Growth 85
9 Goal 9 : Industry, Innovation And Infrastructure 95
10 Goal 10: Reduced Inequalities 101
11 Goal 11 : Sustainable Cities And Communities 109
12 Goal 12 : Responsible Consumption And Production 119
13 Goal 13 : Climate Action 125
14 Goal 14 : Life Below Water 131
15 Goal 15 : Life on Land 135
16 Goal 16 : Peace, Justice And Strong Institutions 141
17 Goal 17 : Partnerships For The Goals 149
FOREWORD
Bihar with 10.4 crore population is the third most populous state in India after Uttar
Pradesh and Maharashtra. Since independence different states in India have followed
different trajectories of development. Success in achieving development and
addressing deprivations were affected by overall economic, sociological and ecological
factors. Bihar is one of the fastest growing states in India. Bihar's impressive economic
growth is the result of policy reforms and good governance agenda initiated since 2005-
06. The growth performance of the Bihar economy has been steady in the recent
decade.
During the period 2005-06 to 2014-15, the State economy has grown annually at 10.5
per cent, which is one of the highest among all major Indian States. This growth
performance is even more appreciable in the background of slower growth rate for the
National economy. Through higher development expenditure, the State Government
was able to insulate Bihar's economy from the macroeconomic constraints that had
hampered the growth of National economy. Apart from attaining a high growth rate in
economy, Bihar was also able to ensure that its growth process is indeed inclusive. This
was possible first because of a high growth rate of the agricultural sector and, secondly,
through a number of welfare programmes benefitting the marginalized sections of the
population.
Despite progressive economic growth, human development challenges in the State are
many and requires growth momentum to be continued for years to achieve the desired
level of sustainable development. Bihar is experiencing highest total fertility rate,
decadal population growth in the country and coupled with recurrent flood and droughts
which impedes the pace of development and puts insurmountable pressure on its
resource base. Over the years the frequency and magnitude of disasters has increased
and it has colossal potential to offset recent development gains. Bihar government's
model of growth is "DEVELOPMENT WITH JUSTICE", which resonates principle of
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), "LEAVING NO ONE BEHIND". For Biharto be
on the path of inclusive development SDGs provide the seemly apt opportunity.
Bihar SDG VISION document outlines the context, complex challenges and
opportunities state foresee in achieving 17 SDGs. Given the high burden of several
human development deprivations, it is a foregone conclusion that achievement of SDGs
in Bihar is important for both state and the country. SDG VISION document covers goal
wise, situation analysis, policy interventions and framework and VISION 2030.
5
INTRODUCTION
In the 70-m session of the United Nations General Assembly on 25-m September 2015,
Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was adopted. A
set of 17 goals and 169 targets to be achieved over the next 15 years, to end poverty,
protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all was formulated as part of the new
sustainable development agenda. 17 Sustainable Development Goals with 169
associated targets are integrated, indivisible, and global in nature and universally
applicable, taking into account different national realities, capacities and levels of
development and respecting national policies and priorities.
Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a plan of
action for PEOPLE, PLANET and PROSPERITY The 17 Sustainable Development Goals
and 169 targets demonstrate the scale and ambition of new universal Agenda. They
seek to build on the Millennium Development Goals and complete what they did not
achieve. They seek to realize the human rights of all and to achieve gender equality and
the empowerment of all women and girls. They balance the three dimensions of
sustainable development: the ECONOMIC, SOCIAL and ENVIRONMENTAL.
At central level, NITI Aayog has been entrusted with the role to co-ordinate work on
Sustainable Development'. The task at hand for NITI Aayog is not merely to periodically
collect data on SDGs but to act proactively to fructify the goals and targets not only
quantitatively but also maintaining high standards of quality. Ministry of Statistics and
Programme Implementation (MoSPI) has undertaken a parallel exercise of interaction
with the central ministries to evolve indicators reflecting the SDG goals and targets.
At the State level, Department of Planning & Development, Government of Bihar, is the
nodal department for coordinating SDGs related work. Department of Planning &
Development is also liaising with NITI Aayog and other central bodies for taking forward
the Agenda 2030. Department of Planning & Development is entrusted with the task for
preparing VISION and STRATEGY Document. Department of Planning & Development
has completed the mapping of nodal departments, schemes goal/target wise. Presently
Department of Planning & Development in technical collaboration with Asian
Development Research Institute (ADRI) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
prepared VISION and STRATEGY document for Bihar. The draft document through the
comprehensive consultative and iterative process was further refined and sharpened by
respective nodal departments of Government of Bihar.
7
1.1 Percentage of Population Below Poverty Line (Tendulkar Methodology),

By Place of Residence - Bihar 16
1.2 Percentage of Population Below Poverty Line (Tendulkar Methodology) - Bihar 16
1.3 Components of The Multi Dimensional Poverty Index 17
2.1 Share of the Primary Sector in GSDP (At Constant Prices - 2011-12) 24
3.1 Bihar - IMR Trend (2005-2015) 34
3.2 Bihar/Jharkhand - MMR Trend 34
3.3 Institutional Births (%) 35
3.4 Children Aged 12-23 Months Fully Immunized (%) 35
4.1 Literacy Rate (in %) - 1961 - 2011 42
4.2 Gross Enrolment Ratio 44
4.3 Out of School Children 44
4.4 GER (Secondary Education) 46
5.1 Female Literacy Rate, 2001-2011, Bihar & India 62
5.2 Sex Ratio at Birth 2009-11 to 2013-15 63
5.3 Women Age 20-24 Years Married Before Age 18 (%), 2005-06 to 2015-16 63
8.1 Status of Number of Accounts under PMJDY in Bihar 87
8.2 Age Pyramid of Bihar 88
8.3 Work force Breakup-Category of workers 90
10.1 Percentage Share in Consumption of Bottom 20% of Population,

2009-1 O to 2011-12, Bihar & India 102
11.1 Trend of Urbanisation 111
15.1 Percentage of very Dense Forest 137
8
1.1 Per Capita Income of Bihar & India 17
1.2 Flood Effect on Bihar in 2013,2014 and 2015 18
1.3 Performance of MGNREGS 19
2.1 Irrigated Area Through Minor Irrigation Sources (Ha) 26
2.2 Coverage of MOMS 30
3.1 Current Use of Family Planning Methods
(Currently Married Women Age 15-49 Years) 2015-16 35
3.2 Overall Status of Health Infrastructure (Figure in Numbers) 36
3.3 Number of Health Personnel 37
4.1 Change in Enrolment - All Schools (in Lakhs) 44
4.2 Number of Schools 2015-16 45
4.3 Schools with Basic Facility (Nos) 45
4.4 Change in Enrolment (Secondary) - All Schools (in Lakhs) 46
4.5 Number of Schools (Secondary) 2015-16 46
4.6 Expenditure on Education 49
4.7 Expenditure on Education - Elementary Secondary & Higher Education 49
6.1 Percentage of Household with Potable Sources of
Drinking Water and Latrine Facility on Premises 71
6.2 a Districts Mapping of Contamination 72
6.2b Number of Habitations Affected 72
6.3 Expenditure on Water Supply and Sanitation 73
6.4 Achievement Under Water Supply and Sanitation (Figures in Number) 75
7.1 Power Scenario in Bihar (2011-12 to 2016-17) 78
7.2 Plan of Action for Strengthening Transmission 81
7.3 Expenditure on Energy and Power 82
8.1 Annual Growth Rate of GSDP at Current Price 91
9.1 Annual Growth Rate of Secondary Sector in Bihar at 2011-12 Prices 96
9.2 Contribution of Industrial Sector in GSDP at 2011-12 Prices 97
11.1 Urban Population in Bihar and India 110
11.2 Expenditure Pattern of Urban Development and Housing in Bihar (Rs Crore) 112
9
ADB Asian Development Bank
AKIC Am ritsar-Kolkata-lndustrial Corridor
AKRSP-1 Aga Khan Rural Support Program - India
AM RUT Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transmission
ANM Auxiliary Nursing Midwives
APL Above Poverty Line
ASER Annual Status of Education Report
ASI Annual Survey of Industries
BBBP Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
BC Backward Classes
BCC Behaviour Change Communication
BCG Bacillus Calmette Guerin
BIADA Bihar Industrial Area Development Authority
BKMB Bal Kuposhan Mukta Bihar
BMI Body Mass Index
BMP Bihar Military Police
BPL Below Poverty Line
BREDA Bihar Renewable Energy Development Authority
BRGF Backward Region Grant Fund
BRLP Bihar State Rural Livelihood Mission
BSDM Bihar Skill Development Mission
CD Cash Deposit
CHC Community Health Centre
CIAT Counter Insurgency and Anti-Terrorist
CLTS Community-led Total Sanitation
CNG Compressed Natural Gas
COM FED Bihar State Milk Cooperative Federation
css Centrally Sponsored Schemes
CV Coefficient Value
ewe Central Water Commission
DDUGVY Deendayal Upadhyay Gram Jyoti Yojana
DELP Domestic Etticient Lighting Program
DIC District Industries Centre
OISE District Information System for Education
DLHS District Level Household and Facility Survey
DPR Detail Project Report
ORES Decentralized Renewable Energy System
DSM Demand Side Management
EAG Empowered Action Group
10
EBC Extra Backward Classes
ECBC Environment Conservation Building Code
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GER Gross Enrolment Ratio
GHG Green House Gas
Gol Government of India
GRC Gender Resource Centre
GSDP Gross State Domestic Product
HDI Human Development Index
HHs Households
ICDS Integrated Child Development Service
ICT Information Communication Technology
IMG Inter-Ministerial Group
IMR Infant Mortality Rate
INDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution
IPC Indian Penal Code
IPDS Integrated Power Development Scheme
IPM Integrated Pest Management
IPR Intellectual Property Rights
ITI Industrial Training Institute
JNNSM Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
JNV Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya
KGBV Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya
KVIC Khadi and Village Industries Commission
LED Light Emission Device
LHW Lady Health Worker
LPG Liquefied Natural Gas
LSY Lohiya Swachhata Yojana
MDG Millennium Development Goal
MOM Mid-Day Meal
MOR Major District Road
MGNREGA Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
MKSY Mukhyamantri Kanya Suraksha Yojana
MMV Mission ManavVikas
MNRE Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
MNSY Mukhyamantri Nari Shakti Yojana
MoHFW Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
MSME Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
MSNY Mukhyamantri Setu Nirman Yojana
11
MSTA Mukhyamantri Saghan Tikkakaran Yojana
NABARD National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
NBPDCL North Bihar Power Distribution Company Limited
NCEF National Clean Energy Fund
NFHS National Family Health Survey
NFSM National Food Security Mission
NGBRA National Ganga River Basin Authority
NGO Non Government Organisation
NHM National Health Mission
NNMR Neo-Natal Mortality Rate
NRDC National Resources Defence Council
NRDWP National Rural Drinking Water Supply Programme
NREGS National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
NRLM National Rural Livelihood Mission
NSM National Solar Mission
NSS National Sample Survey
NULM National Urban Livelihood Mission
NWDA National Water Development Authority
PC Production Centre
PCI Per Capita Income
PDS Public Distribution Scheme
PFA Power For All
PHC Primary Health Centre
PHCR Poverty Head Count Ratio
PHED Public Health Engineering Department
PHH Privileged Household
PMEGP Prime Minister1s Employment Generation Program
PMKSY Pradhanmantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana
PNG Piped Natural Gas
PPP Public Private Partnership
PR ls Panchayati Raj Institutions
PROBE Public Report on Basic Education
PSK Poorna Shakti Kendra
R-APDRP Restructured Accelerated Power Development and Reform
RCH Reproductive and Child Health
RE Renewable Energy
RESTCP Restoration of Ecosystem Through Community Participation
RHS Rural Health Statistics
RMSA Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan
12
RPO Renewable Purchase Obligation
RSM Rural Sanitary Marts
RTD Recruit-Train Deploy
RTE Right to Education Act
RTI Right to Information
RTPGR Right to Public Grievance Redressal
RTPS Right to Public Services
RUSA Rashtirya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan
SAM BAL Chief Minister Disabled Strengthening Scheme
SAP Special Auxiliary Force
SC Schedule Caste
SDG Sustainable Development Goal
SECC Socio-Economic Caste Census
SH State Highway
SHG Self Help Group
SHG-BLP SHG-Bank Linkage Programme
SNCU Sick New Born Care Unit
SPV Solar Photovoltaic
SRI Systems of Rice Intensification
SRS Sample Registration System
ST Schedule Tribe
STPs Sewage Treatment Plants
T&D Transmission and Distribution
TFR Total Fertility Rate
TLMs Teaching Learning Materials
TOD Transit Oriented Development
TSDF Treatment Storage Disposal Facilities
U5MR Under Five Mortality Rate
UDAY Ujjwala Discom Assurance Yojana
UIDSSMT Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns
UIG Urban Infrastructure and Governance
ULBs Urban Local Bodies
UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund
UPE Universal Primary Education
VHS ND Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Day
WATSAN Water and Sanitation
woe Women Development Corporation
WHO World Health Organization
13
SITUATION ANALYSIS
Sustainable Development Goal 1 calls for ending poverty in all its forms everywhere by 2030. People living in
poverty are often socially excluded and marginalized. Eradication of poverty is much more than a humanitarian
issue, as it is more of a human rights issue. Eradication of poverty and hunger being the basis of all
development processes was given substantial priority in Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and also in
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon and the strategies to
eradicate poverty include not only economic growth, but direct interventions as well in many areas such as
employment, education, health, water sanitation, and a few others.
The poverty ratio for Biharwas 34.1 percent for rural and 31.2 percent for urban areas in 2011-12, with an overall
poverty ratio of 33. 7 percent. In between 2004-05 to 2011-12, 127.4 lakh people moved out of poverty in the
State. Reduction in poverty in urban areas from the period 2004-05 to 2011-12 was 12.5% and for the rural
areas it was 20. 7%. Despite this decline 358.2 lakh people in Bihar are still poor and are living below the poverty
line. 1
Fig. 1.1 Percentage of Population Below Poverty Line Fig. 1.2 Percentage of Population Below Poverty Line
(Tendulkar Methodology), By Place of Residence - Bihar (Tendulkar Methodology) - Bihar
60 55.7 70
55 60
50 50 54.4 53.5 33.7
45
40
34.1
35
30
31.2
25
20 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-
2004-05 2009-10 2011-12 2004-05 2009-10 2011-12
• Rural • Urban • Rural • Urban
1
Economic Survey of Bihar, 2017
16
BIHAR SDG VISION DOCUMENT
At the outset it needs to be highlighted that by Tendulkar Committee is the one used by the
measurement of poverty is a complex, and often, a Planning Commission for the most recent
very contentious issue. Since independence, a estimates of poverty based on National Sample
number of poverty measures have been used in Survey (NSS) data of 2011-2012.
India. In 2009, the Tendulkar Committee was
constituted by the erstwhile Planning Commission Poverty is multi-dimensional, and its components
to report on a revised definition and measurement are correlated. Its causes include unemployment,
of poverty. The committee recommended a social exclusion, high vulnerability of certain
broader basket of consumption expenditure to population to disasters, diseases and other
measure poverty. The methodology recommended phenomena which prevent them from being
productive.
Fig 1.3: Components of the Multidimensional Poverty Index
Components of the Multidimensional Poverty Index

MPI - three dimensions and 1O indicators
As per the estimates of Oxford Poverty & Human recent years also. The midterm growth rate for
Development Initiative (OPHI), 2010, over 81 % of GSDP (2011-12 to 2015-16) in Bihar was 7.6
Bihar is poor, the highest among all Indian States percent, yet Bihar ranks low in terms of per capita
(Alkire & Santos, 2010). Multi-dimensional Poverty income in the country. In the financial year 2015-16
Index takes into consideration indicators of per capita income of Bihar was about 35% of the
education, health and standard of living. national average.
The growth momentum of the Bihar's economy,

experienced in the last decade was continued in the
Table 1.1: Per Capita Income of Bihar &India'

State Per Capita In-come (in Rs)
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

Bihar 21750 22201 22776 25400 26801
All India 63460 65664 68876 72889 77435
'Economic Survey of Bihar 2017
17
Human Development Index (HDI) rank in Bihar in ing political and social tensions and, in some
81
2007- 08 was 21 among States with the circumstances, driving instability and conflicts.
corresponding value of 0.367 against the national Bihar being the most illiterate, most rural, one of the
value of 0.467. This signifies that growth has not least industrialized state in the country with nearly
been inclusive and the benefit of economic growth three fourth of the population dependent on
did not fully percolate to the most deprived sections agriculture and allied activities for livelihood and
of the population. During the last 10 plus years, sustenance, urgently needs substantial
there has been significant progress in different expenditure in agriculture and allied sector, agro-
economic and social indicators. But, the challenges based industries and in rural infrastructure.
to inclusive growth in Bihar are deep rooted social
stratification, poverty, illiteracy, poor infrastructure, In Bihar the labour force participation rate remains
backwardness, and disaster risks. low, especially for women. In urban areas, thereare
shortfalls in employment for both males and
Socio-economic and geographical backwardness females. The overall Work Participation Rate (WPR)
have been the most important reasons for poverty in rural areas marginally declined from 34.7 in 2001
in Bihar. The development policy of the Central to 34.0 in 2011. In 2011 for rural areas the difference
Government has been apathetic to the economic between Male WPR (46. 7) & Female WPR (20.2)
interests of the state from the beginning of the "plan was quite substantial.
period". For example, the 'Freight Equalization
Policy' which was responsible for making two basic Bihar is also one of the few States in India, which is
raw materials for industrialization - Coal and Steel highly affected by natural calamities like flood and
available at the same price throughout the country drought, which brings a huge economic loss to the
resulted in a major loss for the undivided Bihar. State. Table 1.2 below reflects the effect of flood on
Bihar and the economic loss which the State has to
Growing inequality is detrimental to economic undergo due to this natural calamity.
growth and undermines social cohesion, increas-
Table 1.2: Flood Effect on Bihar in 2013, 2014 and 2015'

Particulars 2013 2014 2015
Number of districts affected 20 20 8
Number of affected persons (lac) 72.34 30 4.85
Affected area (lac ha) 23.6 39 0.12
Total loss (hundred lac Rs) 35.34 10.78 0.69
POLICY INTERVENTIONS
Poverty alleviation policy interventions are aimed at and various social protection measures that directly
inclusive economic growth and social development affect human development. Poverty alleviation
by increasing employment and income programmes are both targeted and universal in
opportunities through economic growth process Bihar. The broad classification is presented below-
Poverty Allleviation
Programmes
• Department of Disaster Management, Government of Bihar
18
In the first category are Livelihood & Self restructured the Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar
Employment Programmes (NRLM), Wage Yojana (SGSY) into National Rural Livelihoods
Employment (MGNREGS), Targeted Public Mission (NRLM} on April, 2013. The group based
Distribution System (TPDS), and Social Security livelihood program has been described as "of the
Programmes (NOAPS). In the second category are poor, by the poor and for the poor". The project
programmes aimed at human development in aims at reducing poverty by enabling poor
terms of Health (NHM), Education (SSA), Nutrition households to access, gainful self-employment
(ICDS, MDM), Water-Sanitation (SBM), etc. The and skilled wage employment opportunities,
third category focuses on sustainable livelihood for through building strong community institutions. It
poor households through self-help groups (BRLP). stands on the four pillars of social mobilization,
financial inclusion, vulnerability reduction and
In order to eradicate poverty in the rural areas, the livelihoods enhancement.
State Government is implementing a number of
rural development programs in the State aiming at Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
eradicating poverty from the state. Some of the key Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS): This scheme aims
programs are as follows: at enhancing livelihood security of rural workers by
providing at least one hundred days of wage
Bihar State Rural Livelihoods Mission (JEEVIKA):
employment in a financial year to every rural
JEEVIKA is an initiative of the State Government to household whose adult members volunteer to do
reduce rural poverty by providing support for
unskilled manual work.
livelihood activities. Another important objective of
the project is to empower rural women, both The performance of MGNREGS between 2011-12
socially and economically. It aims at increasing and 2015-16, is presented in the table 1.3 below. In
income of the rural poor by developing institutional 2015-16, 131.6 lakh job cards have been issued. To
capacity through Self Help Groups (SHGs) which the advantage of the women workers, their share
can access better services from banks and other has been above 28% in all the years. Overall 99.9%
public agencies. Till 2016-17, a total of 6.10 lakh of the funds were utilized, which is 25.5% points
SHGs have been formed and 3.62 lakh SHGs have higher than the utilization figure of the previous year.
been linked with bank for economic activities. The total employment generated was 683. 7 lakh
person days in 2015-16, compared to 352.7 lakh
Ministry of Rural Development, Gol, has person days in 2014-15 .
Table 1.3: Perfonnance af MGNREGS4
Year I 2011-12 I 2012-131 2013-131 2014-15 I 2015-16

Number of 133.8 133.5 131.9 131.2 131.6
Job Cards
Issued (Lakh)
Average em- 32.3 39.2 41.9 34.1 45.2
ployment per
household
(person days)
Funds Utilized 65.0 82.9 81.8 74.4 99.9
(percentage)
Pradhan Mantrl Awas Yojana (PMAY): This is a has dropped to only 21 .0 percent in 2015-16.
flagship program of the ministry of Rural
Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS): The PDS
Development and is designed to provide home to
homeless people residing in the rural areas by for food grains is one of the main vehicles which
2022. The physical achievement under PMAY in the ensure 'food security' to people of this country,
state has been more than hundred percent in especially the economically vulnerable ones. It not
previous three years (2012-13 to 2014-15}, but it only aims to make sure that food grains are
'Economic Survey of Bihar, 2017
19
available in sufficient quantities at all times even in made to improve agricultural growth and quality of
the remotest regions, it also ensures that these are produce. A rainbow revolution is underway to
delivered to poor households at highly subsidized increase production and productivity of grains,
prices. This involves procurement of food grains of pulses, fruits, vegetables, sugar cane, honey,
Minimum Support Price (MSP} by the government, mushroom, milk, meat, egg and fisheries. The Road
its storage, and finally its distribution to the Map provides for qualitative increase in agro
population through the PDS outlets. Four essential production, storage facilities for produce, value
commodities distributed through PDS outlets are - addition, arrangements for marketing and
wheat, rice, sugar and kerosene oil. processing, re-establishment and extension of
irrigational facilities, increasing the availability of
Panchayatl Raj Institutions (PRls): The 'Panchayati' electricity through dedicated feeders, all-weather
system has been the backbone of rural economy in road connectivity to habitations with a population
India for ages. As per the 73rd constitutional up to 250, arrangements for land survey and
amendment, Bihar Panchayati Raj Act, 2006 was consolidation and plantation of 24 crore trees in five
passed to strengthen the three-tier panchayati year. State Government is in the process of
system in the state. The State Government has also finalizing its next Agriculture Road Map for 2017-
provided 50% seat reservation for women in PRls 2022.
which has been a major step for empowerment of
women. The State Government has also decided to Social Sector Programmes: During the last five years,
construct Panchayat Sarkar Bhawans in all Gram the State Government has enhanced its
Panchayats. At present, sanction for construction of development expenditure and is utilizing 35% of its
1435 Panchayat Sarkar Bhawans has been made, total expenditure on social services. The progress in
with an estimated cost of Rs 1213.37 crore. Out of Human Development particularly in health and
this, 958 Panchayat Sarkar Bhawans have already education is satisfactory. Per Capita Development
been constructed and 218 units are under expenditure (PCDE} in Bihar has been low compared
construction. to the national average. However during the last five
years PCDE in Bihar has grown at 16.4 %.
Distribution of Homestead Land: Rural housing is a
serious problem in Bihar, as in most other parts of Land reforms - The State Government has
India. To address this challenge, the State emphasized the need of fresh survey of lands and
Government has been distributing 5 decimals of its consolidation. In Agriculture Road map (2012-
residential land to landless households, belonging 17), it was a key component. The Special Survey
to Mahadalits, other scheduled castes, scheduled Act, 2011 was enacted and under this Act, aerial
tribes, extremely backward castes and backward survey of 44436 villages, khanapuri of 729 villages,
castes. There are three schemes for this purpose - draft publication of 211 villages and final publication
Mahadalit Vikas Yojana, Grihsthal Yojana and Tribal of 2 villages have been completed till date.
Sub-Plan.
Boosting Agriculture Sector Through Agriculture

VISION
Road Map: Growth in agriculture (including animal Government of Bihar is committed for redistributive
husbandry & fisheries) is the key to poverty justice of economic growth. The motto of the
reduction in Bihar. The centrality of agriculture to government is "Growth with Justice". Government
poverty reduction in Bihar is well established as of Bihar's Vision is in tune with SDG i.e. End poverty
approximately 76% of the workforce depends on in all its form everywhere
agriculture and 89% of the population live in rural
areas. The State's plan expenditure on agriculture STRATEGY
has undergone a massive increase. Raising the
For achieving the goal of ending poverty in all its
income of farmers through agriculture and allied
form everywhere by 2030, Government of Bihar will
activities has been the theme of Agriculture Road
continue the ongoing policy interventions
Map (2008-12} and (2012-2017). Ag ricu ltu re Road
mentioned above and focus on the key strategies
Map is centred around farmers for development of
mentioned below in the schematic -
agriculture and allied sector. Attempts have been
20
Growth in agriculture is the key to poverty reduction every citizen of Bihar to realise their full potential,
in Bihar. Bihar Government is committed to create have access to income and employment and be
an enabling environment for the farmers so that benefitted by the economic growth of the state. The
their income increases, to generate productive improvement in governance in Bihar in the last
employment and job opportunities for the poor and decade has led to an economic revival in the state
the marginalized. In the recent past Government through increased investment in infrastructure,
has formulated strategies and fiscal policies that better health care facilities, greater emphasis on
stimulate pro-poor growth, and thus will reduce education and improvement in law & order. The
poverty. The Agriculture Road Map (2017-22) is challenge however is to maintain the momentum of
being finalised and the Government is committed to economic growth and focus on Inclusive
implement it in letter and spirit. The Government Development. The other challenges facing the state
has established "Bihar Vikas Mission" to advance are backwardness, chronic poverty, social
the sustainable development in the State. The new stratification, poor infrastructure, unskilled human
body is envisaged to ensure implementation in capital, poor accessibility and provision of public
mission mode of the goals set by the State for the goods and services and recurrent natural disasters
next five years. It has been tasked with faster which calls for a multi-dimensional approach to
execution of the Viksit Bihar Ke 7 Nishchay (Seven poverty elimination.
Resolves) and Program of Good Governance
(2015-20) in the fields of youth, basic facilities in To fully achieve the VISION of ending poverty in the
rural & urban area, agriculture, human resources state, Bihar needs additional resources for
development, infrastructure, industry & trade and Agriculture and Allied Sectors, Human Resource
Brand Bihar. Development, basic Infrastructure in rural & urban
area, Industry & Trade. Towards this Government of
Empowerment of marginalised sections socially, Bihar has been putting forth its demand for Special
economically and politically is within the ambit of Category Status and Special Package.
fulfilment of human rights. It is a prerequisite for
21
SITUATION ANALYSIS:
Sustainable Development Goal 2 seeks to "End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and
promote sustainable agriculture" by 2030. It is premised on the idea that everyone should have access to
sufficient nutritious food, which will require widespread promotion of sustainable agriculture, doubling of
agricultural productivity, increased investments and properly functioning food markets. Eradicating hunger,
achieving food security, improving nutrition and promoting sustainable agriculture have a direct bearing on the
quality of human life, and are crucial for achieving development with social justice. Ending hunger has three
major aspects: production offood grains followed by their effective delivery and absorption.
Agriculture is the mainstay of Bihar's rural economy. The state is endowed with vast natural resources and
suitable agro-climatic conditions. Large workforce in rural areas is engaged in agriculture and allied activities.
Contributing to about 18 % of the state's GS DP, agriculture is critical to Bi har -primarily due to the fact that more
than three-fourth of Bihar population depends on this sector for their livelihoods. Agriculture in Bihar has
performed well in the recent past. However, natural vagaries such as frequent floods has posed a serious
hindrance to agricultural development. Moreover, the dominantly small-land holding pattern of agricultural
systems in the state exposes farmers to a number of challenges - such as sub-optimal productivity, low farm
price realization, high levels of postharvestwastage and poor economic viability of farms.
Fig 2.1: Share of Primary Sector in GSDP

(At Constant Prices - 2011-12)
30
25 2s.2._"""'!!!!!~~~~~--.;;;;::----------------
20 ----------------=::::::~~~-..- ......-;;;;~ 18.3
15
10
5
0
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
24
In 2011-12, the share of primary sector in total Cereal production in the state from 103.52 lakh
GSDP was 25.2 percent, which declined by 7 tonnes in 2010-11 to 140.87 lakh tonnes in 2015-16.
percentage points after four years and it was 18.3 Bihar bagged the Krishi Karman award for wheat
percent in 2015-16. 5 production in 2013 and for Maize in 2016.
Bihar had its first Agriculture Road Map from 2008 - Land Utilization: The proportion of total land put to
2012. It brought in a series of policy and operational agriculture use is high in Bihar because of its
interventions that rejuvenated the erstwhile slower topographical nature, as it falls in the river plains of
agricultural growth in the state. Major interventions the Ganga basin. In 2010-11, net area sown was
in the Road Map comprised focus on increasing 56.2 percent and it increased marginally to 57.7
Seed Replacement Rate (SRR) through revival of percent in 2012-13. There has also been increase in
BRBN (Bihar Rajya Beej Nigam), launch of CM the gross sown area between 2010-11 (7194
Crash Seed Programme and intensification of the thousand hectares) and 2012-13 (7778 thousand
5
Seed Village programme. Other interventions hectares). The cropping intensity has increased
included increased focus on Organic farming, from 1.37to1 .44 from year 2010-11 to 2013-14.
distribution of subsidized farm implements and
Irrigation: Bihar's agriculture is mainly rain-fed. The
launch of SRI (System of Rice Intensification). The
first Krishi Road map period observed Bihar State is endowed with abundant water resources
bagging the Krishi Karman Award 2011-12 for and receives rainfall of around 1000 mm, per
growth in production of Rice and the overall annum. But neither the rainfall nor the distribution of
agricultural growth. water resources is uniform across the state,
causing uneven exploitation of the irrigation
Second Agrlculture Road Map: To promote potential in the state. The ultimate irrigation
sustainable agriculture, the State Government potential in the state is estimated to be around
brought in the second road map for the period 117.54 lakh hectares, including major, medium and
2012-17 which was coterminous with the 12111 Five minor irrigation schemes. This irrigation potential
Year Plan. The second Roadmap had six key includes both surface and ground water sources.
objectives as mentioned below: The expansion of both the groundwater and surface
water resources has helped to increase the
• To ensure Food Security
irrigated area in the state. Bihar has witnessed
• To foster Nutritional Security some noteworthy examples of participatory
management of irrigation; however, their replication
• To ensure Increase in farmers' income throughout the state is to be done.
• To create gainful employment and to check While major and medium irrigation schemes have
migration an ultimate potential of 53.53 lakh hectares; the
minor irrigation have a potential of 64.01 lakh
• To ensure equitable farm agricultural growth
hectares. If their ultimate potential is fully exploited,
with focus on gender and human aspects
it will far exceed the total demand for irrigation in the
• Conservation and sustainable use of state. Till date, the created potential of 68.90 lakh
natural resources for sustainability of hectares is 58.6 percent of the ultimate potential of
production systems 117.54 lakh hectares. The utilized potential of 56.66
lakh hectares is 82.2 percent of created potential
The Roadmap period observed an increase in and 48.2 percent of the potential.
'Economic Survey of Bihar, 2016-17

•Economic Survey of Bihar, 2017
25
Table 2.1: Irrigated Area through minor irrigation sources (Ha)1
Indicator/Year Potential created up to 2016-17
Surface canal 71711
Tanks (including Aharsand fYneSj 200000
Tubewells (Private and State) 1394308
Other sources (lift irrigation and barge lift irrigation) 41466
Total 1707485
With the prevailing situation, it is imperative to ensure increased per capita availability of food through
sustainable production, improved nutritional availability and increased food security. The policy interventions
to undertake the same have been elaborated in the subsequent section.
POLICY INTERVENTIONS: To address hunger and malnutrition and promote sustainable agriculture there are
several programmes being implemented in the state. Noteworthy among these are:
Agriculture Road map: Bihar has been adopting development of rural economy and alleviation
and following the Krishi Roadmap from 2008 i.e. the of unemployment. Availability of protein for
first roadmap and the second roadmap period is till human needs, economic gain for rural people
2017. The third Agriculture roadmap (2017-22) is and employment for unemployed youths all
being prepared and multiple strategies to promote depend upon the multifaceted programmes of
sustainable production and ensure food security animal husbandry.
are being undertaken to strategize the effort in the
needed direction. • Dairy Development: Milk production during
2011-12 was 66.25 lakh metric tonnes (MT),
Main Components and strategies of the third which has increased to 87.1 Lakh MT in 2016-
Agriculture Road Map are as mentioned below 17.8 In Agriculture road map 2017-22, the target
of milk production is to achieve 159.9 Lakh MT
• Animal Husbandry: One third of the state's
by 2022. The processing target has been set
population reside in the rural lands and with the from present 25.7 Lakh MT/day to 50.7 Lakh
prevailing limitations of land, Animal husbandry MT/day by 2022. In order to ensure the
assumes an important role in ensuring income availability of milk the strategy is to cover 65
and employment to the population. This percent of the inhabited villages under milk
provides an opportunity for poverty eradication, cooperative network by 2022 and bring
1
Department of Minor Water Resources, GoB, 2017
'Economic survey of Blhar,2017
28
maximum number of milk producers into the Centre, Purnea would be undertaken to
9
milk cooperative network. The current per support the state initiatives towards increased
capita milk availability in Bihar is 229 gm/day goat meat availability.
which is higher than the ICMR recommended
per capita milk requirement of 220 gm/day. 10 • Fisheries: In 2004-05, the production of fish in
Bihar was 2.67 lakh tonnes. Production grew
• Major strategies for promotion of Milk continuously thereafter and reached the peak
Production in the state are as follows: level of 5.1 lakh tonnes in 2016-17. The target
• Animal health protection program by 2022 is to achieve 7.33 Lakh MT
• Promoting artificial insemination production. 13 So, there is a vast scope for the
expansion of fish culture. This will help to create
• Strengthening of Bihar Livestock
gainful employment for fish farmers and
Development Agency
improve the availability of a protein source for
• Gaushala Vikas Yojana rural population. The major strategies to
• Development of Bihar Animal Science achieve the stated target are as stated below:
University
• Conducting capacity building cum training
• Fodder Development & Demonstration
program
Programs
• Dairy Employment Development Scheme • Installation offish feed mill
• Purchase of New Ambulatory Vans • Development offish seed hatchery

• Development of Modern Dairy Processing • Distribution of fish seeds
Plants • Facilitate fish marketing
• Poultry: The production of egg has also • Scheme for distribution of moped-cum-
increased from 75.43 crores in 2011-12 to icebox along with two and three wheeler
111. 16 crores in 2016-17, and is targeted to vehicles have also been inducted for fast
11
increase to 322.66 Crore by 2022. In order to movement of fish to the markets
achieve this target State Government would be
• Promoting fish seed production through
promoting Murgi Vikas Yojana - The project
PPP mode
would encompass strategies for increasing
chicken meat and egg production, promoting • In-situ and ex-situ production strategies
layered Poultry Farm, providing low input breed • Overhauling existing ponds/lakes etc.
chicks for BPL family and enabling Integration
with private sector integrators. It envisages • Water Management/Irrigation: During the 2nd
increased production of egg and chicken meat roadmap period State added 6.89 Lakh
through skilling of the involved population. hectare in its irrigation capacity and in the
upcoming 2017-22, an additional 7.10 lakh
• Meat Production: Present meat production is hectare area is proposed to be brought under
3.26 Lakh MT and is targeted to grow up to 3.55 irrigation. So concerted efforts will have to be
12
Lakh MT by 2022. The current per capita meat made to achieve the prescribed targets set out
availability of 3.14 kg is lower than national 5.57 in the agriculture road map. Major strategies in
kg and steps are being taken to strengthen the this regard include- creation of new irrigation
situation. An important strategy for increasing projects, re-establishment of existing irrigation
meat production is Bakri Vikas Yojana. The projects and better water management.
project involves development of private Goat
Farms, which will be used for increased • Energy: Second Agriculture Road Map
availability of Goat for distribution under several emphasized on increased rural power
Government programs. Apart from this project availability and consequently the power supply
strengthening of Goat Rearing -cum- Breeding to demand has reached from 550 MW in
' COMFED Blhar

"' Agriculture Roadmap 2017-22
" Animal & Fisheries Resources Department, GoB
12
Animal & Fisheries Resources Department, GoB
,. Agriculture Road Map 2017 and Economic Survey of Bihar, 2016-17
27
2012-13 to 1800 MW in 2016-17. 14 Providing • Watershed Development and forest

separate Agricultural feeder has been taken up promotion
by the State Government and this led to • Renovation and Development of Parks
electrification of tubewells for irrigation. By
• Land use planning of existing Wetland &
2022, it is targeted to make availability of 3000
Submerged lands for increased coverage
MW power in rural area and create 1.69 Lakh
power operated irrigation facilities for • Promotion of Agro-Forestry with farmers
Agriculture. • Strategies to promote seedling availability
The major strategy for supporting Agriculture is • Storage & Processing: During the year 2012-17,
through providing an Isolated 11 KV Agri Feeder for food processing infrastructure observed
taking up cost efficient irrigation at field level. considerable stimulus under two flagship
schemes of the State Government, namely
• Land Resource Management: The preparation
integrated scheme for development of Food
and maintenance of upto-date record of rights
Processing Infrastructure & Special schemes
is the basic plank on which land resource
for Food Parks. 413 processing infrastructure
management and administration rests. The
worth an investment of INR 4744 Crores was
same has bearings on the following:
observed during the period.
• Land possession certificates
The target for 2017-22 in food processing is
• Institutional cred it/ag ricu ltu ral productivity creation of additional processing infrastructure for
• Consolidation of fragmented land holdings/ maize - 9.98 Lakh MT, Pulses- 2.10 Lakh MT and
agricultural productivity 48.87 Lakh MTfor Fruits and vegetables.
• Identification and preservation of public and • Agriculture Marketing: In the perspective of
community lands including Common Agriculture marketing, Government of Bihar
Property Resources repealed the Agricultural Produce Marketing
• Land reforms through re-distributive justice Act(1960) in2006. TheAPMCActwas repealed
and other measures to move from regulated and restricted
• Execution of various development & welfare environment to free market regime aimed at
scheme breaking the stranglehold of traders
monopolizing regulated markets and at
The target to complete the Bihar Special Survey for
enhancing the participation of private sector
land records is proposed to be completed by 2017-
18. 15 functionaries and thus ensuring greater
competition and better return to farmers.
• Plantation & Environmental Protection: The
Although, in order to promote market infrastructure
forest cover in Bihar has increased from 9. 79
including storage, the State targets to renovate and
percent in 2011 to 15 percent in 2017. It is
develop 54 market yards, 2700 Rural Haats, 54
targeted to reach 17 percent coverage by 2022.
Integrated Value Chains and a market management
Because of the high population density in the
system by 2022.
State it has been difficult to incorporate more
land under forests. Therefore it has been • Cooperatives: The mission approach under the
planned that for the 2 percent increase, 1 Agricultural Road Map is focused on the
percent would be brought in by Forest & following aspects - these are: vigorous
Environment Department and the remaining 1 infrastructural interventions, broad-basing
percent by Rural Development Department membership, business diversification and HRD
through MGNREGA and Horticulture mission intervention in the cooperative sector and
activities. restructuring and modernization of
departmental administrative and supervising
The key strategies to undertake the targeted
system. The major strategies under
activities are the following:
Cooperatives for the period 2017-22 are the
,. Department ofEnergy, GoB

15
Department of Revenue & Land Reforms, GoB
28
following: ensure availability of food grains to BPL persons.

The Bihar Government started the doorstep
• Development of Basic Infrastructure: delivery of food grains to Fair Price Shops (FPSs)
Godowns for storage under PACS/ Vyapar under PDS. Under this scheme, food grains were to
Mandals be electronically weighed and lifted from the
• Development of Processing Infrastructure: godowns and delivered to FPSs through pre-
Sorting, Grading, Ripening, Logistics etc. selected transporters, using GPS-enabled
16
• Promotion of Crop Insurance vehicles.
• Floods and Droughts: To protect agriculture from To check the irregularities and black marketing in
flood and droughts, there need to be both long the PDS, a ration-kerosene coupon scheme for the
term and short term measures. Now disaster people living Below Poverty Line (BPL) has been
management is not only a relief but it also initiated. The beneficiary will get food grains and
involves preparation, mitigation, response and kerosene through PDS shops on these coupons
relief. State has been undertaking multiple river and the PDS owners will lift the food grains and
flood management programs such as on rivers kerosene as per the number of coupons available
Mahanada, Chandan, Bagmati, Kasi etc. Other with them.
major activities for flood management include
It is estimated that in Bihar the grain leakage fell
River Management Activities and Works related
from 90.9 percent to 24.4 percent, between 2004-
to Border Areas {RMAWBA).
05and2011-12.
• Agriculture Research & Education: Research
• The lifting of both wheat and rice under
focus will be to evolve technologies and Antyodaya Scheme has been close to 100
management options to suit the needs of
percent during the last five years. Under
smallholders' agriculture. This would also Privileged Household (PHH) scheme, the lifting
develop appropriate technologies for percentage was less than 100 for both wheat
production, post-harvest and marketing of and rice, up to 2012-13. But during the last two
high-value and perishable commodities and years, it has been close to 100 percent. For
theirvalue-added products. wheat, lifting was 94.8 percent (2013-14) and
• Agriculture Credit, Means of Finance and 95 percent (2014-15). For rice, it was 96.4
Monitoring: Finance resources for the Road percent (2013-14) and 97 percent (2014-15).
Map programmes will come from State Plan, • Another area of focus for improved nutrition is
Centrally Sponsored Schemes, central universal coverage oriented supply of nutrition
schemes, externally aided schemes, RIDF etc. to new born children and pregnant and
For the monitoring, a monitoring committee of lactating mothers. This is implemented through
all the departments related to the road map will the ICDS. Presently, 544 ICDS projects are
be constituted at the district level and progress operational in Bihar, covering all development
of the agriculture road map will be monitored by blocks in 38 districts.
11
the Agriculture Cabinet.

• ICDS is concerned with the implementation of
National Food Security Act (NFSA): The NFSA aims to
schemes related to children in 0-6 age group,
provide subsidized food grains to approximately adolescent girls and pregnant and lactating
two thirds of India's 1.2 billion people. This act women.
converts into legal entitlements the existing food
security programmes of the Government of India. It • The Midday Meal Scheme and the ICDS are
includes the Midday Meal Scheme, Integrated universal in nature where PDS reaches about
Child Development Services scheme and the two-thirds of the population (75 percent in rural
Public Distribution System {PDS). areas and 50 percent in urban areas). In Bihar
ICDS is nearly universalized and the
The Government has implemented the PDS to Government is doing the needful in this regard.
u Reforms in Targeted PDS, Report No 54 of 2015, CAG of India

11
Economic Survey of Bihar, 2017
29
Table 2.2: Coverage of MDMS11
Total Enrolment (in Lakhs) 153.16 147.7 140.68 143.18 144.7
No of Children Availing MDMs (per Day) (Lakhs) 68.55 85.22 93.27 94.35 99.27
Coverage Percentage 44.8 57.7 66.3 65.9 68.6
Class VI-VIII Total Enrolment (in Lakhs) 52.45 52.87 54.27 60.58 62.66
No of children availing MOM (per day) (in Lakhs) 20.55 30.32 36.11 36.96 40.02
Coverage percentage 39.2 57.3 66.5 61.0 639
Bal Kuposhan Mukta Blhar (BKMB): This campaign hunger, achieve food and nutrition security along
was launched in 2014 by the Department of Social with improved nutrition, inclusive growth, promote
Welfare, with an objective to tackle malnutrition with sustainable agriculture and increasing farmers
the help of Behaviour Change Communication income in order to address present requirement
(BCC) and other social aspects. This campaign keeping the future opportunities intact. All this is
was based on the principles of five Cs. They are as proposed to be achieved by implementing the new
follows: Communication for behaviour change; Agriculture Road Map. The ultimate goal for the
Capacity building; Community's access to State is to achieve •one food from Bihar in each
tangibles and intangibles; Community Indian Plate".
participation; and Collective approach. The
objective of this multi-pronged strategy is to tackle STRATEGY
malnutrition with the help of Behaviour Change
Communication (BCC) and other social aspects. In order to achieve the vision as mention above and
owing to the present situation in Bihar, field
wise/intervention wise strategies are developed
VISION
and programs are aligned accordingly. The road
The vision of the State Government is aligned to the intervention area and strategies are enlisted
vision of Sustainable Development Goals i.e. End below:--
ENHANCE FOOD
AVAILABILITY &
ACCESSIBILITY
for Marginalised &
Poor
u Economic Survey of Bihar; 2017

30
1. Increase in farmers' income. development of agriculture through

watershed management
2. Food security as well as nutritional security.
16. Promoting organic farming for
3. To create gainful employment and to check
environmental conservation
migration.
17. Promote and strengthen livelihood
4. To ensure equitable farm agricultural
promoting sectors such as Animal
growth with focus on gender and human
Husbandry, Dairy, Fisheries, Poultry etc. by
aspects.
suitable policy intervention and
5. Conservation and sustainable use of infrastructure therein.
natural resources.
18. Promoting sustainable production
6. One product from Bihar in every Indian's systems through optimal utilization of land,
plate. water and labour resources for the best
7. Promoting sustainable agriculture: possible crop mix
Promoting quality seed production and 19. Improving agriculture extension and
increasing seed replacement rate technology services
8. Strengthening the seed distribution system 20. Improving water management practices
by promoting storage, promotion and and promote water conserving technology
supply chain of seeds. such as drip irrigation
9. Crop diversification for achieving broad To address the problem of under nutrition
based agriculture growth by raising among pregnant and lactating women and
production and productivity of diverse children, Improving coverage and quality of
crops schemes like IGMSY, ICDS and MOMS will be
10. Increasing quality storage capacity to focussed. Customisation of the schemes along
address the food leakage and wastages with institutional restructuring, convergence
among key stakeholder departments,
11. Improving availability of farm implementing monitoring mechanism will
mechanization equipment through proper address the nutritional need of them by
programs such as custom hiring centres. improving reach and effectiveness of these
12. Improving the coordination among programs.
different department to achieve common Ensuring the food availability through
goal such as synergy for similar schemes NFSNTPDS will be kept fore front so as to
etc. provide required food at affordable prices and
13. Promoting infrastructure such as at the time needed. Improvement in supply
nurseries, roads, cold supply chain etc. chain in terms of storage and distribution for the
TPDS will be focussed so as to decrease the
14. Improve soil health management, rain fed
food wastages. Agriculture Road Map will
area development and farm water
provide the overall direction for increased
management for sustainability
sustainable production of Agriculture & Allied
15. Integrated Watershed Development products in the State.
Program (IWDP) to promote holistic
31
SITUATION ANALYSIS:
Sustainable Development Goal 3 aims to ensure the major thrust areas has been improving the
health and well-being for all at all ages by improving access to and utilization of health, family welfare
reproductive, maternal and child health; ending the and nutrition services, with special attention on
epidemics of major communicable diseases; underprivileged segments of the population.
reducing non-communicable and environmental
diseases; achieving universal health coverage; and Bihar's achievements in reducing maternal and
ensuring access to safe, affordable and effective child mortality in the recent past has been
medicines and vaccines for all. Health is an impressive. Maternal and Child Health situation in
important determinant of well-being. The World Bihar is witnessing many positive changes in the
Health Organisation (WHO) considers health as a recent years. The key maternal and child health
"state of complete physical, mental, and social well- indicators of the State like Infant Mortality Rate
being and not merely the absence of diseases or (IMR), Neo Natal Mortality (NMR) Rate, Under Five
infirmity". Good health enhances the capabilities of Mortality Rate (U5MR), Maternal Mortality Ratio
a person to work and participate in economic (MMR) etc. has shown progressive declining
development. For improvement in the health status, trends.
Fig 3.1: Bihar - IMR Trend (2005-2015) Fig 3.2: BIHAIVJHARKHAND - MMR Trend
70 350 312
61
60 300
50 250
40 42 200 208
30 150
20 100
10 50
0
2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2004-06 2007-09 2010-12 2011-13
34
Despite the decline in the recent past, when compared to the national average the state needs to expedite the
decline so as to achieve the goal of health for all. Also good health is the one of the key component of human
development and State Government has accorded high priority to it.
Life expectancy at Birth (LEB) improved from 65.8 in 2006-10 to 68.1 in 2010-14 (SRS, ORGl).Progress in
health services and in turn improvement in health coverage has led to remarkable increase in key indicators like
Institutional Delivery and Full immunization of children aged 12- 23 months, between the period 2005-06
(NFHS-3) &2015-16 (NFHS-4).
Fig 3.3: Institutional Births (%) Fig 3.4: Children aged 12-23 months Fully Immunized (%)
70 63.8 70
61.7
60 60
50 50
40 40 32.8
30 30
19.9
20 20
10 10
0 0
2005-06 2015-16 2005-06 2015-16
Despite these improvement over the past one of the key challenges is population growth rate and Total Fertility
Rate (TFR) in the State. While all-India decadal growth rate of population was 17.64%, the same for Bihar was
25.4% from 2001 to 2011 thus creating an ever increasing demand for health services and pressure on existing
infrastructure. TFR of Bihar is 3.2 (as per SRS, 2016), which is highest among all States in India and far behind
from the national average of 2.3. Major gaps were also found in the reproductive health services as reflected in
current use of family planning method.
Tabla 3.1: Current use of family planning methods (CurrenUy married women age 15-49 years) 1• 2015-16
Urban Rural Total

Any method (%) 34.6 226 24.1
Any modem Method (%) 32.1 22.0 23.3
Female sterilization {%) 26.8 19.8 20.7
Male sterilization(%) 0.1 0.0 0.0
Pill(%) 1.1 0.7 0.8
Condom(%) 2.3 0.8 1.0
The functioning of the public health institutions is improving steadily due to several initiatives taken by the State
Government. The average number of patients visiting government hospitals per month was 9317 in 2011,
which has increased to 10232 in 2016, implying an increase of 10 percent. This increase is primarily due to
better infrastructure facilities, large manpower, and proper monitoring of the health institutions.
However, gaps in equitable access to health services and quality of care are major concerns. Variation in key
health indicators in rural and urban, male and female substantiates the gaps and gender issues. The State
SNCU data of 2015 reveals that proportion of female admissions in SNCUs is only 35.5% which is a gender
equity marker. As far as IMR is concerned, the IMR for male is 36 whereas for female it is 50 (SRS 2015).
Likewise, IMR in urban area is 44 as against 42 in rural area. Similarly, U5MR among females is 54per1000 live
u National Family Health Survey 4 35

births compared to 43 per 1000 for male. Higher developments in the field of medicine.
mortality rate is noticeable in case of female
Government of Bihar's strong political commitment
regardless of rural or urban locations. In spite of the
to improve maternal, new-born and child health has
biological advantage of longevity and better
been translated into some key policy decisions. In
survival rates among female children, the data
the past decade, Government of Bihar has
shows the contrary. This could be due to a multitude
launched several new initiatives such celebrating
of reasons mainly rooted deep in the socio-cultural
Year of New-born, Year of Safe motherhood, Year of
practices existent in the state which considers
Immunization, Muskan-Ek Abhiyan, scaling up the
status of females to be lower than males.
Quality Assurance of Facility Based New-born Care
There is a wide inter district variation (regional (QA-FBNC) model, Yukti Yojana (Safe Abortion
disparity) in many key reproductive child health Services), Nayi Peedhi Swasthya Guarantee
indicators which is systemic challenge for health Karyakaram etc. which resulted in visible changes
governance in the state. The shortage of technical in the overall health scenario and are some of the
man power, well equipped modern infrastructure as key policy decisions favouring overall health
per Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS), development in the state.
procurement of drugs and equipment, training
National Health Mission: The Reproductive,
centres are other challenges facing the state. High
Maternal, New-born, Child and Adolescent Health
level of malnutrition, inappropriate infant young
(RMNCH+A) strategy of the National Health
child feeding practices, inappropriate sanitation &
Mission (NHM) has provided unprecedented
hygienic practices, low awareness on prevention,
attention and resources for improving maternal and
prevalence of child marriage, illiteracy, poverty etc.
new-born health and showcased a paradigm shift
compound the achievement of health goal in the
in perspectives through the continuum-of-care
State.
approach and health system strengthening. This
Bihar since 2012 remained polio free, this in itself has provided impetus in the effective
was a big achievement for polio eradication implementation of the entire flagship programmes
programme in the State and in India. India has including Janani Suraksha Yojna (JSY), Navjat
made remarkable progress against polio in 2012. Sishu Suraksha Karyakram (NSSK), Rashtriya Bal
On 24 February 2012, the World Health Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) etc. across the State.
Organization removed India from the list of polio Programmes like JSY, JSSK and NSSK not only
endemic countries after completing a full year emphasize on provision of care but also preserve
without reporting any case of polio. rights and entitlements for women and children like
free treatment, free referral transport, medicines
POLICY INTERVENTIONS etc.
Government of Bihar is working towards providing Towards strengthening of the health services, the
health care, "to the last household and to the last approach of the State Government has been a
person of the state." Government is totally pragmatic one, with the thrust on improving the
committed for improving health, not only by making functioning of the existing facilities, rather than
available quality medical facilities atthe door step of extension of the facilities. Currently, there are 36
every citizen in the remotest corner of the state but district hospitals, 55 sub-divisional hospitals, 70
also by providing medical facilities of the highest referral hospitals, 533 PHCs. 9729 Sub-centres and
order, keeping pace with rapid technological 1350APHCs.
T1bla3.2: Over all Status of Health Infrastructure (figure in numbers)"'
I I ... - Health Centre

per ten lakh
••• • •• population
2012 36 70 55 533 9696 1330 11559 11
2016 36 70 55 533 9729 1350 11612 11
"'State Health Society, GoB cited from Economic Survey of Bihar, 2017
38
Health workers/manpower play a central role in ensuring the appropriate management of all aspects of the
health system. The health personnel include - Doctors, Nurses, Auxiliary Nurse-cum-midwife (ANM), and
Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA). The availability of such personnel for the entire State has improved
against the regular sanctioned strength as presented in the table below:
Table 3.3: Number of Health Personnel~
the Post
Doctors
.. •
6261
2014-15
2255
Working
2015-16
2052
2016-17
3154
Sanctioned
Posts
2314
2014-15
1580
Working
2015-16
1488
2016-17
852
Grade A
3612 356 1706 1979 1719 1621 412 412
Nurse
ANM 20809 8999 8895 12326 12587 9933 9670 6867
ASHA 93687 85045 85502 85708
During the last five years, the State Government has • Taprovardhan Prakritik Chikitsa Kendra,
enhanced its development expenditure and is Bhagalpur will be developed as an Advanced
utilizing 35 % of its total expenditure on social Naturopathy Centre in order to promote
services. Per Capita Development Expenditure naturopathy system of medicine in the state.
(PCDE) during the last five years has grown at 16.4 • Under Public-Private-Partnership with Global
percent. Despite this out of pocket health Health Private Limited (Medanta, Gurgaon)
expenditure is very high in Bihar and health sector in 'Jayaprabha Medanta Super Speciality
Bihar faces wide social and regional disparity Hospital' is being established in the campus of
challenge. To improve the healthcare services in Jayaprabha Hospital, Patna.
Bihar, the State Government has also undertaken
the following new initiatives: VISION
• Under Chief Minister Kala-azar Relief Fund, a The VISION of the Government is on overall health
financial assistance of Rs 6600 is given to each improvement with special attention on achieving
patient for medical treatment. In 2015-16, there high and equitable coverage of maternal, new-born
is a reduction of 29 percent in Kala-azar due to and child health interventions. through health
the introduction of advanced medicines like system strengthening (health facilities equipped
Ambisome and continuous spray of Synthetic with adequate infrastructure, trained human
Pyrethroid. resource, logistics and supplies, adequately
• Under National De-worming program, a total of equipped referral transportation, skilled birth
346 lakh children of age-group 1-19 years were attendance, operationalization of community health
treated with Albendazole tablets. centres (CHCs), New Born Care Corners (NBCCs),
Sick New Born Care Units (SNCUs) and ensure
• Under National Urban Health Mission, 73
quality assurance). This is aligned with the goal of
Urban PHCs were made operational in which
SDG three to ensure healthy lives and promote well-
approximately 2 lakh patients have already
being for all at all ages.
been treated.
• A Memorandum of Cooperation was signed STRATEGY
between Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
and the State Government to provide support For achieving the goal of good health and wellbeing
for 5 years (2017-2021) for improvement of for all, Government of Bihar will continue the
services in sectors of Health, Nutrition, ongoing policy interventions mentioned above and
Sanitation, ICDS, Agriculture and Rural focus on the key strategies mentioned below in the
Development. schematic-
" State Health Society, GoB

37
Bihar has a high burden of diseases which arises to be increased progressively from current
from natural calamities (such as floods, droughts), level of 9. 7% (NFHS-4, 2015-16) to 60%
poor environmental conditions (such as water and (Number of consumption days to be revised
vector borne diseases), poor nutrition status and for 360 days as per revised guidelines.
acute poverty in which a day's wage is a significant • Mothers who had full antenatal check-up to
incentive to skip treatment. Considering the existing be increased from current level of 3.3%
health infrastructure, health services, health (NFHS-4, 2015-16) to 60%.
facilities, accessibility of health services, rapidly
growing population, inter-district variation on • Institutional delivery to be scaled up from
current level of 63.8% (NFHS-4, 2015-16) to
various health indicator, the State strives to develop
90%
specific strategies to achieve SDGs by 2030.
• Mothers who received postnatal care from a
MATERNAL HEALTH: By 2030, reduce the maternal doctor/nu rse/LHVI AN M/m idwife/other
mortality ratio to less than 70per100,000 live births. health personnel within 2 days of delivery to
be increased progressively from current
• Mothers who had antenatal check-up in the
level of 42.3 % (NFHS-4, 2015-16) to 90%.
first trimester to be increased progressively
from the current level of 34.6% (NFHS-4, • Review of the proportion of maternal deaths
2015-16)to 90% reported to be increased to 80%
• Mothers who had at least 4 antenatal care CHILD HEALTH: By 2030, end preventable deaths of
visits to be increased progressively from the new-barns and children under 5 years of age, with
current level of 14.4% (NFHS-4, 2015-1 S)to aim to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as
80% 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at
• Mothers who consumed iron folic acid for least as low as 25per1,000 live births
100 days or more when they were pregnant
38
• Children age 12-23 months fully immunized • Unmet need for family planning method
(BCG, measles, and 3 doses each of polio (Currently married women 15-49 years) to
and DP1)to be increased progressively be reduced from current 21.2% (NFHS-4,
from the current level of 61.7% (NFHS-4, 2015-16)to <10%.
2015-16) to 90% • Use of IUCD/PPIUCD (Currently married
• Percentage of children aged 0--35 months women 15-49 years) to be increased from
weighed within 24 hours of birth to be 0.5% (NFHS-4, 2015-16) to 1 .5%.
increased progressively from the current • Modern Contraceptive prevalence rate to
level of 46% (RSOC, 2013-14)to 90% be increased from 23.3% (NFHS-4, 2015-
• Data of girl IMR would be monitored 16) to 60%.
separately and campaign would be run COMMUNICABLE/NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE:
specially to reduce its rate as per devised By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality
strategy. from non-communicable diseases through
• Children with diarrhea given ORS and Zinc prevention and treatment and promote mental
to be increased progressively from the health and well-being. All residents of Bihar State
current level of 5.4% (RSOC, 2013-14) to should have access to primordial, primary,
75% secondary and tertiary care for non-communicable
• Children with diarrhoea who received ORS disease and mental health by the year 2030 despite
to be increased progressively from the their capacity to pay and there must be active
current level of 45.2% (NFHS-4, 2015-16) to participation of all residence in healthy life styles.
90%. With the help of integrated Disease Surveillance
• Children with diarrhoea who received Zinc program timely identification and remedy of
to be increased progressively from the infectious diseases may be done in collaboration
current level of 20.1 % (NFHS-4, 2015-16) to with the concerned department. The relevant data
75%. is regularly collected and analysed for a certain
diseases by the Department of Microbiology ,
• Children with fever or symptoms of ARI in
PMCH, Patna with a view to indicate the level of
the last 2 weeks preceding the survey taken
intervention required to control the disease.
to a health facility to be increased
progressively from the current level of Under Vilcsit Bihar Ke 7 Nishchay-Awsar Badhe1 Aage
59.8% (NFHS-4, 2015-16) to 80% Padhe- for providing better facilities in higher
• Children under age 3 years breastfed within technical institutions at the sub-division and district
one hour of birth to be increased level in an integrated approach. It is proposed to
progressively from the current level of establish;
34.9% (NFHS-4, 2015-16)to 80%
• Children under age 6 months exclusively • One GNM Institute in every district.
breastfed to be increased progressively • One Paramedical Institute in every district.
from the current level of 53.5% (NFHS-4, • One Nursing College in all medical college
2015-16)to 90% • OneANM Institute in every sub-division
• Survival rate of babies admitted in the
• Five more new Medical Colleges in the
SNCUs to be increased from the current
state
85% to >90% (SNCU data)
• Percent of female child admission out of Other strategies are as mentioned below-
total admission in SNCU to be increased 1. Regulating private care service providers
from current level of 35.5% to 45% (SNCU
2. Promoting ICT based applications for
data).
better planning and monitoring
FAMILY PLANNING: By 2030, ensure universal
3. Increasing budgetary allocations and
access to sexual and reproductive health - care
improving expenditure/utilization
services, including for family planning, information
4. Enhancing Reproductive Health care
and education and the integration of reproductive
services for population stabilization
health into national strategies and programmes
5. Increasing Coordination and inter sector
• TFR has to be brought down from current
collaboration between Health, ICDS,
rate of 3.2 (SRS 2015) to2.1
PHED, Panchayat, Education etc.
39
Sustainable Development Goal 4 focuses on the emphasize a more comprehensive agenda on
acquisition of foundational and higher-order skills; education as they call for "quality education". Many
greater and more equitable access to technical and States of India have been far from achieving
vocational education and training and higher universal primary education goal. In light of the
education; training throughout life; and the above statement, it would be even more
knowledge, skills and values needed to function challenging for the country to achieve the 'quality
well and contribute to society. Achieving Universal education' goal of SDGs. Bihar constitutes over a
Primary Education by the year 2015 was one of the tenth of country's population and, hence, improving
eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). the educational scenario of the state is essential for
However, the quality aspect of schooling or the attainment of the goal for the country as a whole.
education was not emphasized. The SDG four
SITUATION ANALYSIS
Literacy Rate: The literacy rate in Bihar is lowest in the country though the State has made progress in terms of
literacy rate in the last decade as shown in the graph below. The literacy rate increased from 47.0 % in 2001 to
61.B % in 2011. This implies an increase of 14.B % points during the decade. Apart from recording increase in
literacy rate, Bihar has also been able to reduce the gender differences in its literacy rates. In 2001, the male
and female literacy rates in Bihar were 60.3 % and 33.6 % (implying gender gap of 26.7 %) and in 2011 it
increased to 71.2 & 51.5 (implying gender gap of 20.1 %) respectively.
Fla 4.1: Literacy Rate {in%) -1961-2011
700
60.0 61.B
500
40.0
300 - Bihar
20.0
22.0
100
0.0
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
42
Scenario of Education well as for upper primary has been addressed

Elementary Education significantly. As per th All India Educational Survey,
there were 64395 (89%) habitations having primary
111
Elementary education is the base line of pyramidal school facility. In 8 All India Educational Survey
education system stemming from provisions (2009), the percentage of served habitations has
enriched in the constitution in the Directive increased marginally (about 7%) and it was 96%.
Principles of State Policy and the 86th amendment. Habitation Mapping was carried out in the State to
Improvements in education are not only expected find out the actual position of access of primary
to enhance efficiency but also augment democratic schooling facility as per State RTE norms in 2012-
participation, upgrade health and overall quality of 13. As per the habitation mapping/survey the total
life. Social justice and equity are by themselves a number of habitations in the state is 1,12,067. Of
strong argument for providing elementary this 1,08,074 (97%) habitation were served by
education to all. It is an established fact that basic primary school facility. Similarly, 98% habitations
education also improves the level of human have facility of upper primary within a radius of 3 km.
wellbeing especially with regard to life expectancy, However, as per~ & 8thAll India Educational Survey,
infant mortality, nutritional status of children, etc. it was 81 % and 94% respectively. The situation has
Studies have also shown that universal basic been improved due to opening of 21, 181 new
education significantly contributes to economic primary schools and upgrading 19,601 primary
growth. schools to upper primary schools during last ten
years in the State.
The educational progress of the state is dependent
on parallel developments in its elementary, Enrolment Trend: The total enrolment at upper
secondary and higher education sectors. At the primary level has been increasing consistently for
operational level, elementary education is generally past several years. The overall increase at primary
divided into two parts - five years of primary level is 5.4% (8.3 lakh) from the previous year. It may
education (grades 1-5), followed by three years of be noted that the enrolment at upper primary
upper primary education (grades 6-8). For a classes has increased significantly (7%) in the state
socially disadvantaged state like Bihar, it is the during the same period. While enrolment for
elementary education sector that commands the Primary classes increased by 43.94% between
highest importance, since it is this sector which 2005-06 to 2015-16, it increased by 235.65% for
feeds students for the secondary sector which, in Upper Primary classes. Out of 234.32 lakh, 214. 73
turn, feeds students for the higher education sector. (91.64%) lakh students are in Govt managed
schools and remaining 19.59 lakh (8.36%) in private
The enrolment ratio and dropout rate are the two managed schools. The total enrolment at
vital indices of the status of elementary education. elementary level has been steadily increasing over
Both these indicators are mostly influenced by the the past four years at an annual rate of 3.0 %. The
availability of educational facilities like Bihar where total enrolment in the class 1-5 was 161.70 Lakhs,
most of the households depend on public schools. which was 153.40 Lakhs in 2014-15. Similarly, total
Universal Access: The issue of access for primary as enrolment in class 6-8 was 72.62 Lakhs in 2015-16
which was 67 .93 Lakhs in 2014-15.
0.00 +------.----.----.....-------.-------.
2005-06 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
~ Primary - Upper Primary ~ Elementary
43
Table 4.1: Change in Enrolment-All Schools (in Lakhs)22
Class • I •
•
Class-1 28.26 31.29 30.55 33.92
Class-2 28.37 29.72 31.48 31.95
Class-3 29.06 30.57 30.84 33.05
Class-4 28.03 29.96 30.61 31.40
Class-5 26.61 28.66 29.93 31.38
Total 1-5 140.31 150.21 153.40 161.70
Class-6 20.90 23.08 23.77 25.50

Class-7 17.15 21.42 22.93 24.07
Class-8 14.56 17.69 21.23 23.04
Total 6-8 52.62 62.18 67.93 72.62
Total 1-8 192.93 212.39 221.33 234.32
Gross Enrolment Ratio: The GER at primary level has Out of School Chlldren: The state has taken a great
been steadily increasing over the years. An overall stride in covering the out of school children.The
GER of primary and upper primary in the year 2006 number of out of school Children which was more
were 79% and 40% respectively whereas, in 2015- than 45 lakhs in 2001 and 21.14 lakhs in 2006 came
16 it is 108% for both levels. Boys and girls GER down to the very control level of 2.17 lakhs in 2015-
were 90% and 88% in year 2006 whereas these are 16. Appointment of teachers as per RTE norms,
102% and 114% in 2015-16. The GER at upper opening of new primary schools, upgradation from
primary level has substantially increased over the primary to upper primary schools, basic amenities
years and now is at par with the primary level i.e. and infrastructure in schools, uniforms, free
108. The girls GER at primary and upper primary textbooks, mid day meal and the most importantly,
level are 113 and 119 respectively. Among the the introduction of various steps i.e. HHS for OOSC,
underprivileged sections of the population, the Habitation Mapping, Maintenance of Balpanji in
GERs for the Muslims are at the primary and upper every schools for identification of OSC and coverage
primary stages are 105 per cent and 87 per cent of these OOSC through different strategies i.e.
respectively. In nut shell, it may be emphasized that Sankalp, Residential Bridge Course (RBC), Non
different strategies, interventions and initiatives Residential Bridge Course (NRBC), Residential
have played a crucial role in achieving the same. Special Training (RST) and Non Residential Special
Training (NRST) played a crucial role.
Fig 4.2: Gross Enrolment Ratio Fig 4.3: OOSC in Bihar

120 25000CO . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2114469
108
100
CD
80
~ ~ 15000C0 -l--~IUUl---C~--------
i..= 60
40
6
~ 10000CO +--~~r-""""'llliit4111l9------
40
20 500COO +---__;;=-o,_,...;::iim,..,,...;:=-o,ic:-- ........,,,,,....
0
2005--06 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
2006-07 2009-10 2015-16
- Primaiy - -Upper Primary - &-13Years - &-10Years - 11-13years
12
U-DISE 2015-16
44
Dropout Rate: A high enrolment for students does not carry much significance, if the dropout rates are also
high. The dropout rate represents the percentage of students who drop out from a given grade in a given
school year. The phenomenon of substantial dropout before completing the desired education level is a
problem in Bihar.
The dropout rates in Bihar have continuously declined in the recent years. For primary stage, the dropout rate
was 39.3 % in 2010-11, but is has reduced to 26.8 % in 2014-15, implying a decrease of 12.4 %. Similarly in
Upper Primary, a decrease of 10.1 %, from 2010-11 (55.1 %) to 2014-15 (45.1 %), is also observed. As regards
gender differences, it is appreciable that, at all levels of education (elementary, secondary and higher
23
secondary), the dropout rates of girls are lower than that for the boys.
Table 4.2: Number of Schools 2015-162-1

Government Schools 70934
Government Aided Schools 1874
Private School 7358
Total Schools 80166
Government aided
schools
..
Building 7098 23 166 7287 9.1
Classroom for Every Teacher 53961 1322 1399 56682 70.7
SeparateToilet for Girls 7506 194 396 8096 10.1
Drinking Water Facility 4780 71 562 5413 6.8
Play Ground 48438 1013 2420 51871 64.7
Number of Schools: The total number of primary and as a link between the elementary and higher
upper primary schools in Bihar in 2015-16 was education, and plays a very important role in this
76,596. Three districts in terms of higher number of respect. Secondary Education in Bihar is
schools are Patna (3876), Madhubani (3503) and comprises of secondary section (class 9 & 10) and
East Champaran (3336). On the other hand, three Senior Secondary (Class 11 & 12).
districts with the least number of schools are
Sheohar (441), Sheikhpura (532) and Arwal (576). 26 The State aims to open a Higher Secondary school
in every 8463 Panchayats. This decision has
Pupil-Teacher Ratio: The Pupil Teacher Ratio in improved the Gross Access Ratio of the State and
Government Schools in the year 2015-16 was 56 at the same time also improved the participation of
whereas the national average was 26. The pupil students at secondary and higher secondary level.
teacher ratio (PTR) at elementary level has been The enrolment at the secondary has been
reduced to 56: 1 from 65:1 as compared to 2005-06. increased from 16.83 lakhs in 2009-1 O to 33.52
The recruitment of teachers at a large scale resulted lakhs in 2015-16. The increase in demand is due to
in betterment of pupil teacher ratio. the effort put by RMSA in the State.
Secondary Education: With universalization of Enrolment Trend: Total enrolment in class 9 & 10
elementary education becoming a constitutional was 34.19 lakhs in 2015-16 as compared to 26.62
guarantee, the fall-out for and the significance of lakhs in 2013-14. The enrolment of 2015-16 has
secondary education have increased manifold. increased considerably from 16.82 lakhs (103.39%)
Emergence of the RMSA can be said to be a logical in 2009-10.
sequence of the SSA. Secondary education serves
"Economic Survey of Blhar, 2017

.. Bihar Education Project Council www.bepcssa.in/en/State-Profile-2015-16.pdf
'"Bihar Education Project Council www.bepcssa.in/en/State-Profile-2015-16.pdf
"'Economic Survey of Bihar, 2017
45
Table 4.4: Change in Enrolment (Secondary) - All Schools (in Lakhs)21
Class 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

Class 9 14.09 16.16 18.05
Class 10 12.54 14.22 16.14
Class 9 to 10 26.62 30.38 34.19
Class 11 4.27 5.62 6.26
Class 12 3.70 5.19 5.96
Class 11 to 12 7.98 10.82 12.22
Gross Enrolment Ratio: The GER at secondary level has substantially increased over the years and it has
improved from 46.01 in 2012-13 to 78.37 in 2015-16.
Fig: 4.4: GER (Secondary Education)
250.00
200.00
150.00 l----~~!!!!!mi......~~li-----:::-""--..,Hg"28
- . -GER Total
100.00 - GER Girls

.........,..,__..,.. 71.SS ~ GER Boys
50.00
0.00
2008-09 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Dropout Rate: The dropout rates in Bihar have continuously improved in the recent years. At Secondary Level
the dropout rate was 15.07% in 2008-09 which has been reduce to 0.00% in 2015-16. As regards gender
differences, it is appreciable that, the dropout rates of g iris are lower than that for the boys.
Table 4.5: Number of Schools (Secondary) 2015-16

Government Schools 5127
Government Aided Schools 72
Private School 2067
Total Schools 7266
Pupil-Teacher Ratio: The Pupil-Teacher Ratio Higher Education: Higher education is of vital
denotes average number of pupils per teacher in importance for the State, as it is a powerful tool to
the school. To ensure quality education, the number build a knowledge based society. With greater
of teachers needs to be increased with the growth in reliance on technology-intensive inputs in
enrolment ratio. PTR in Govt. In Secondary Schools manufacturing, the need for specialized skill and
the Pupil-Teacher Ratio in 2015-16 was 93:1, which knowledge is always high for speeding up
is very high as compared to the national standard. economic growth. The higher education sector in
Bihar comprises college and university education,
both for general and technical streams.
"'U-DISE
48
The guarantee of minimum standard of living to administrative blocks have been identified where
each of its citizen has been the goal of all there is no facility of higher education. State
successive governments after Independence. Now government is trying to cover these blocks by
this goal has become part of Sustainable Nalanda Open University and MMHAFU.
Development Goal (SDG) too, promoted by the NAAC: The state has achieved a good success rate
United Nations. The SDG expects all countries to in NAAC accreditation process where our 07
ensure that "By 2030, all learners acquire the universities and 85 colleges have been granted
knowledge and skills needed to promote accreditation. It has been decided that rest of the
sustainable development, including, among institutions must submit their SSR within this
others, through education for sustainable financial year.
development and sustainable lifestyles, human
rights, gender equality, promotion of a culture of For improvement in higher education Patna, Gaya,
peace and non-violence, global citizenship and and Nalanda would be developed as an
appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture's educational hub for the region, with sub-centres in
contribution to sustainable development". different districts. Reputed private universities are
also being incentivized in the state.
Universities and Colleges: Bihar has a total of 260
Constituent and 352 Affiliated Colleges in all. At Major State Initiatives:
Higher education level it has a Pupil-Teacher Ratio
• Student Credit Card
of 54:1.
• Wi-Fi Campus
Open & Distance Learning: Nalanda Open University
• UMIS
(NOU) operates as State Open University of Bihar.
NOU has created 89 new study centers and • Free Education to Girls
Maulana Mazharul Haq Arabic and Persian • Grant-in-Aid to Affiliated Colleges
Universities have established 108 Knowledge
• Strengthening of Libraries
Resource Centre which also functions as ODL
centers. • Strengthening of Laboratories
• Strengthening of Sports Facilities
New Universities: Bihar has established three new
universities namely Patliputra University, Patna, • Establishment of Virtual Class Rooms
Purnea University, Purnea, and Munger University, • Establishment of Girls Common Rooms
Munger. The act for these universities have been
passed by the state assembly and other required Student Credit Card: Aarthik Hal Yuvaon Ko Bal which
process are underway. is one of the commitments under nviksit Bihar Ke 7
NischayaN, all the students who have passed class
Private Universities: The state has also attracted
Xll1h and are willing to go for higher education will be
many private universities too. The state has
eligible for getting education loan from bank;
received the proposal of 14 private universities and
government will provide guarantee for education
LOI was issued to 7 of them. Out of them two
loan amount up to Rupees Four Lakhs. The
universities namely Sandip University, Madhubani
government being the bridge between the student
and K.K. Universities, Biharsharif have started
and the bank, both bank and the student have an
functioning recently. The process for clearance of Al
assurance in loan disbursement and loan
Karim University, Katihar is in advance stage.
repayment thus leading to a viable ecosystem.
Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER): The state needs a
Wi-Fi Campus: The resolve to provide wi-fi facility to
robust higher education apparatus to enhance its
all higher education institutions of the State is also a
Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) which is 14.3%
commitment under Aarthik Hal Yuvaon Ko Bal
currently compared to 24.5% of the national
Nishchay. The Government has identified 310 such
average. Our government has resolved it to take
institutions and is providing this facility in most of
GER to 30% by year 2020. It will require herculean
them.
effort to achieve this target which implies nearly
doubling of the higher education infrastructures. UMIS: The government is facilitating the
implementation of University Management
College Population Index (CPI): The College
Information System to bring in transparency and
Population Index (CPI) or number of colleges per
efficiency in university administration. After the
lacs. population stands only 7 in Bihar compared to
completion of the project students will benefit from
26 colleges at national average. 240 out of 534
47
the automation of the process of admission, of literacy. Bihar has improved literacy of its male
examination and result/ degree distribution. It will be and female population of age group 15+ by its
easier to implement the financial reform in the Mahadalit, Alpsankhyak Evam Atipichda Varg
university system procure utilization certificates in Aksha Anchal Yojana and Sakshar Bharat Yojana.
time. The inmates of the jails of Bihar are being made
literate through Prerna Program.
Free Higher Education to SC/ST/ Women: The State
Government is providing free education for SCs, Teacher Education: In Bihar state approx. 4.5 lacs
STs and women up to post graduate level in general teachers are employed in 72,000 elementary
courses. schools. However, out of them 65,000 teachers are
still untrained. Likewise in approx 6,770 Sec/Sr. Sec
Grant-In-Aid: The State Government has decided to
schools, 5,725 teachers are still untrained. In
make a grant in aid to affiliated colleges of the state.
addition to it, the already trained teachers need to
Under this result based scheme the government
undergo in - service training for their professional
gives an aid of Rs. 8500 for each first division
development at different intervals. The different
passed male and 8700 for female students.
training programs under teacher education have
Similarly 8000 and 8200 respectively for second
been designed to ensure pre-service & in-service
division and 7500 and 7700 respectively for third
training of teachers for preparing them with different
division students are credited to the account of
teaching skills.
these affiliated colleges to meet salary of
teacher/non teaching. During financial year 2015- Presently 6 Teacher's Education Colleges (CTEs),
16 a sum of Rs. 109 er. has been disbursed to nearly 33 District Institutes of Education Training (DIET), 4
230 affiliated colleges of the state. Block Institutes of Teacher Education (BITE)& 23
Primary Teacher Education Colleges (PTECs) are
Strengthening of Educational Facilities: The State
functional in the state.
Government releases Special Plan fund for the
strengthening of Libraries, Laboratories, Class The strengthening of all TEis is the main objective of
Rooms, sports and Common Rooms facilities of Directorate of Research & Training. 13 new TEis (8
need based colleges. These institutions are given CTE + 5 DIET) are also being established to widen
special assistance to qualify for NAAC the coverage of program. A separate cadre for
accreditations and to enhance GER in higher teacher education has been made in state with
education of the state. 1672 permanent post of teacher educators. Efforts
are being made to make the schools management
Technical Education: To revitalization Technical
committee, aware of their responsibility for ensuring
Education system in Bihar, it is essential to set up
proper classroom transaction, which in turn will
new Degree-level and Diploma-level Technical
bring forth, quality education in schools.
Education institutes and to increase the capacity of
existing Technical Education institutions by Expenditure on Education: In recent years, there has
providing all additional infrastructural support. been a substantial increase in the expenditure in
There is an urgent need to upgrade the existing education sector. Table below shows the
engineering college and to provide them with expenditure on education during the last five years.
infrastructure and manpower for running Post The annual growth rate of plan expenditure on
Graduate courses and providing research facilities education was as high as 35.6 percent, and the non-
for PG research students. plan expenditure has also increased steadily at an
annual growth rate of 7.2 % during this period. As a
Mass Education: Under state plan, Akshar Ancha/
whole, expenditure on education was more than
Yojana for Mahadalit, minorities and the most
doubled during this period with an impressive
backward people has been launched to impart annual growth rate of 18.1 %. This steady increase in
basic literacy and link with development-oriented expenditure on education reflects the constant effort
plans for eight lakh mahadalits and the most of the state government for the progress of the
backward women of 15 to 35 age group and 4 lakh education in the state. The expenditure on
women of minority community. In addition to this education as percentage of the total budget has
Saakshar Bharat Mission has been launched to increased to 17 .3 % in 2015-16, from 16.2 % in 2011-
literate the illiterate people of age group 15+, 12. The share of expenditure on education to total
especially women and reserved category group, expenditure on social services has also increased
and to give functional literacy to them. from51.9% in 2011-12to53.9%in2015-16.
Bihar has made considerable progress in the field
48
Table 4.6: Expenditure on Education30
Expenditure on Education as
Year Expenditure on Education (Rs Crore)
percentage of
I I
Expenditure on
Plan Non-Plan Total Total Budget
Social Services
2011-12 2901.18 6836.34 9737.52 16.18 51.99
2012-13 4949.63 8439.03 13388.66 19.35 57.94
2013-14 5038.99 9907.18 1494617 18.59 56.62
2014-15 8258.51 9574.42 17832.93 18.83 56.23
2015-16 10303.31 9082.32 19385.63 17.26 53.93
Table 4.7 : Expenditure on Education - Elementary, Secondary and Higher Education"
Elementary 3428.2 4335.8 7764
Secondary 1308.84 1677.98 2986.82
Higher 301.95 3893.4 4195.35
Total 5038.99 9907.17 14946.16
Elementary 6922.6 5217.17 12139.77
Secondary 1184.18 2184.05 3368.23
Higher 151 .73 2173.2 2324.93
Total 8258.51 9574.42 17832.93
Elementary 8789.83 4536.68 13326.51
Secondary 1441.88 2234.99 3676.87
Higher 71.6 2310.65 2382.25
Total 10303.31 9082.32 19385.63
POLICY INTERVENTIONS: Education, being one of Right of Children to Free & Compulsory Education Act
the most important instruments of bringing equality (RTE): The Right of children to Free and Compulsory
of opportunity and social change, cannot be left to Education Act came into force from April 1, 2010.
fend for itself and, hence, the need for policy Under this Act, every child in the age group of 6-14
intervention by the government. Accordingly, both years will be provided 8 years of elementary
Central and State Government have launched education in an age appropriate classroom in the
various schemes for the purpose. Emphasis on vicinity of his/her neighbourhood. The enactment of
education has been one of the key elements of the Right to Education Act, 2009 has provided a very
policy of the current Government. The main important opportunity to the students of
schemes implemented in the state are as follows: neighbouring families of each private recognized
1
school to get at least 25% of the children getting
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA): Under the 86 h
themselves enrolled in the first class/grade of
amendment to the Constitution of India, free and admission.
compulsory education is a fundamental right for
children in the age group of 6-14 years. In order to Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV): The
attain this goal, SSA was launched in 2000-01. objective of the scheme was to provide access to
"'Economic Survey of Bihar, 2017

"Economic Survey of Bihar, 2017
49
upper primary education for disadvantaged girls in Exposure visits for school children: To visit historical
the age group of 10-14 years. These girls generally and important places of the State since 2006-07, all
remain outside the educational system due to Middle Schools across the State have been
persistent socio-economic and cultural reasons. provided a grant of for the exposure visit of the rural
The scheme provides for a minimum reservation of children. Presently Rs. 20,000/- is being provided to
75 percent of the seats for girls belong to SC, ST, all Middle Schools.
OBC or minorities communities. Since 2007, the
KGBV has been merged with the SSA programme, Scholarship Scheme: There is a provision of
as a separate component of SSA. scholarship (Class I to IV- 50/- per month, Class Vto
VI - 100/- per month & Class VII to VIII - 150/- per
Above discussed schemes of elementary month)for all boys of general category enrolled in
education in the State are being run by a State classes I to VIII whose family income is-upto Rs. 1.5
Implementation Society commonly known as BEPC Lakhs per annum. Under this scheme, there is also
i.e. Bihar Education Project Council (BEPC). a provision of scholarship (Class I to IV - 50/- per
month, Class V to VI - 100/- per month & Class VII to
Supplementation of Elementary Education by the VIII - 150/- per month)for all girls of general
State Government category.
The State initiative for betterment of elementary
education has played a crucial role. The healthy Rashtrlya Madhyamlk Shlksha Abhlyan (RMSA): This
efforts have filliped zeal in parents towards is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme which was
education. Major programmes are presented in launched in 2009. It aims at enhancing access to
following heads: secondary education. The goal of RMSA is to make
secondary education of good quality available,
Mukhya Mantrl Samagra Vldyalaya Vlkas Yo}na: The accessible and affordable to all young students in
programme launched in 2006 covered 20,000 the age group 15-16 years (class IX and X). The
schools. The concept under this scheme was to major targets of the scheme are as follows:
develop school rather than classroom. Each school
to be treated as a unit. The Chief Minister School • Universal access to secondary level
Development Plan includes: education for all students in the age group
15-16 years by providing a secondary
• Renovation of dilapidated building school within 5 kilometers for any habitation
• Major Repairs of School Building, and a higher secondary school within 7
Classrooms kilometers of any habitations
• Additional Class Rooms (ACRs) • Universal retention by 2020
• Drinking Water{Toilet • Improving quality of education imparted at
• Kitchen Shed/Ramps secondary level through making all
secondary schools conform to prescribed
• Boundary wall/Garden &
norms, and removing gender, socio-
• Sports Facilities economic and disability barriers.
Mukhya Mantrl Ballka Poshak Yo}na: In Order to Girl's Hostel Scheme (GH): Girls Hostel Scheme is
address the issue of enrolment as well as retention under RMSA in which Girls Hostel would be
of the girl child, the State government was taken a established in each of the 530 educationally
decision to support the girl child of Classes VI-VIII backward blocks of Bihar. The Girls Students in the
with a pair of dresses (Poshak) to all enrolled girls in age group of 14-18 years, studying in classes IX to
2006-07. The State provides @Rs. 700/- per girl X belonging to SC, ST, OBC, Minority Communities
child for a pair of school uniform with shoes. and BPL families will form the target group of the
scheme. Students passing out of KGBV will be
Mukhya Mantrl Poshak Yojana: After the success of
given preference in admission in hostels. At least
the above scheme, the State Government
50% of Girls admitted will be from SC, ST, OBC and
introduced the uniform scheme all students
Minority Communities.
(including girls) of Classes 111-V The State provides
@Rs. 500/- per child for a pair of school uniform ICT@School Scheme (GH): ICT@School is a scheme
with shoes. under Integrated RMSA under which secondary
50
schools are covered through the scheme for Mukhyamantri Bali/ca/ Vidyarthi Protshahan Yojna-
provision of information and communication Provision of Rs. 10000 for girls passing class xi"
technology education at selected schools. The Board with 1st Division. Merit scholarship for the
facility is used to impart computer education and students passing board exams with 1st division to
computer based education for computer aided attract students towards secondary education.
learning of students.
Balak/Balika Scholarship Yojna- Provision of Rs 150
Supplementation of Secondary Education by the for students of SC/ST/Min & OBC of class IX-X"for
State Government increasing their attraction in secondary education &
to increase attendance.
English Teacher enrichment through BLISS Project: In
order to achieve the Improvement in English Rashtriya Uchchatar Shilcsha Abhiyan (RUSA}: The
teaching and learning, from the year 2012-13 the key objectives of RUSA are to improve access,
state with technical support of British Council has equity and equality in higher education through
done activities as training of Teacher educators, planned development of higher education at the
training of English Teachers, improvement of state level. It is proposed to improve the Gross
classroom management skills, teaching Enrolment Ratio of the country from 19 % at present
techniques and methodology etc. in the to 30 % by 2020. It will help create new academic
comprehensive way to enrich the teachers and institutions and expand the existing institutions that
students in English Language skill development. are self-reliant in terms of quality education and
professional management.
Life Skill & Career Counselling: With the technical
support of Unicef and Vikramshila Educational Aarthik Hal Yuvaon Ko Bal which is one of the
Resource Society Life Skill and Career Counselling commitments under "Viksit Bihar Ke 7 Nischaya",
Project is being piloted in 100 schools in six districts the State Government has declared that any needy
111
of Bihar. Other than Patna and Vaishali all other four student after passing 12 examination may avail the
districts West Champaran, Madhubani, Purnia and facility of education loan for higher education up to
Darbhang were identified based on low GER. The Rs. 4 lacs under the guarantee of the state
project has 4 components- Life Skills, Career government. Special campaigns and training
Awareness, IT and Communicative English. programmes have been launched in each and
every college to take this massage to the students.
Mukhyamantri Balika Cycle Yajna/Cycle Yajna: The resolve to provide wi-fi facility to all higher
Scheme was started with an aim to reduce the education institutions of the State is also a
gender gap in secondary school enrolment by commitment under this nishchay. The Government
providing girls who continued to secondary school, has identified 31 Osuch institutions and is providing
financial assistance to purchase a bicycle, that th is faci Iity in most of them.
would improve their access to school. The program
has brought changes in patriarchal social norms Avsar Badhe1 Aage Padhein: To expand the
that proscribed female mobility outside the village, opportunities for technical and higher education in
which inhibited female secondary school the State itself for the youth, the Government would
participation. Later this scheme was also extended be establishing various new institutions. Five new
to boys. medical colleges and nursing colleges in all
medical universities would be established. Each
Opening of Higher Secondary School in every sub-division would get ANM Institute and
Panchayat- State has a scheme of opening of Government Industrial Training Institute. Each
Higher Secondary School in every Panchayat of district would get at least one GNM Institute, para-
Biharforthe achievement of access. medical institute, polytechnic, women's industrial
training institute and engineering colleges. It is
Mukhyamantri Kishori Swasthya Yojna- One of the
estimated that these interventions, each year,
reasons that have led to the dropout of girls in
would allow many thousands of additional youths to
secondary schools is their attainment of puberty.
find opportunities within the state itself.
The scheme to provide sanitary napkin to girls was
started by the State Government in order to reduce Vocational guidance program: The district and state-
this tendency and promote hygiene among girls. level employment-cum-guidance fairs are being
organized under the vocational guidance program.
51
In 2016-17, 'employment-cum-vocational guidance sanctioned for the project by State Govt. BSEIDC,
fair' were organized in all 38 districts by the Patna & SCERT, Bihar are the implementing
Employment Exchanges and 138 job fairs were agencies for the project.
organized and 54,335 candidates have been
selected for jobs. VISION
Kushal Yuva Programme: The State Government Ensure inclusive & equitable quality education and
under its 7 nishchay has launched an innovative promote life-long learning opportunities for all.
programme for the youths. Those who are in the age
OBJECTIVES, STRATGIES AND ACTION PLAN -
group of 15-25 years and passed class Xth are
ELEMENTARY EDUCATION
eligible for this programme. They are being
provided basic computer skills, communication Objectives
skills, life skills and training in languages so as to
make them employable for comparatively better job. • To ensure enrolment of all children in the
age-group of 6-14 years
Enhancing Teacher Effectiveness in Bihar Operation:
• To ensure completion of elementary
A World Bank sponsored teacher education project
education (I-VIII) for children in the age
namely- "Enhancing teacher effectiveness in Bihar
group 6-14 years
operation" has been launched from the year 2015-
16 for five years for achieving different teacher • To provide age and class appropriate
education goals. Strengthening of all Govt. TEis is learning competencies to every child
being done under the project in terms of civil • To ensure teacher availability in schools as
constructions of TEis & launching of different per Right to Education Act.
Teachers' training program. The total cost incurred • To provide infrastructure facilities to schools
in the project is of 357 million $, out of which 250 as per Right to Education Act.
million is World Bank loan component in 70:30 ratio.
• To emphasize girl's education
A sum of Rs. 641.04 Crores has already been
STRATEGIES:
Objectives Strategies
To ensure enrolment of all children • Enrolment Campaign
in the age-group of 6-14 years • Reconstitution & Revitalize VSSs
• Effective Community Mobilization
• Teachers to identify and locate out of school children from the
neighborhood for enrolment in age appropriate class
• VSS/PTM to focus on enrolment & attendance on monthly basis
• PRls to be involved
• Strengthening and involvement of Bal Sansad
• Strengthening and involvement of Meena Manch
To ensure completion of • Providing access of upper primary classes.
elementary education (I-VIII) for • Creation of enabling environment in all the schools
children in the age group 6-14 • Ensure equitable classroom transaction
years • Identification of dropout children
• Special training for dropout children as mandated under RTE,
2009
• Reimbursement of fee of 25% students enrolled in Pvt. Schools
as per section 12 (C) of RTE Act.
• Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation {CCE)
52
• Teachers/HM to be made accountable for student attendance &

learning competencies
• Introduce Child Tracking System
• Monitoring through Jeevika Didi
• Monitoring attendance through departmental machinery
To provide age and class • Periodic (Monthly/Half Yearly/Mnual) assessment of students by

appropriate learning teachers
competencies to every child • Progress to be monitored through student progress card/CCE
• Sharing of learning achievement with parents on
Monthly/Quarterly/Mnual basis
• Training of untrained teachers
• Full-fledged Head Master to be place in every Middle Schools
• Subject specific training of upper primary teachers .
• Provide leadership training to all HMs
• Rigorous monitoring and support through BRCCs & CRCCs and
all education managers
• Additional materials i.e. library books, question banks etc .
• Parents to be taken into confidence- regular VSS meeting /PTM
to be organized
• Rotation of CRCCs/BRC RPs after every 3 years
To ensure teacher availability in • Recruitment of trained teachers (including subject specific

schools as per Right to Education teachers/HM) as per RTE norms
Act. • Ensuring one HM and at least 3 subject specific teachers in
every Middle Schools
• Rationalization of teachers
• Assessment of teachers to identify training needs .
• Ensuring continuous professional development of teachers
• IT enabled tools for monitoring of Teacher Attendance .
To provide infrastructure facilities • Provision of classrooms and other basic infrastructure facilities as
to schools as per Right to per RTE norms
Education Act. • Ensure availability of land for building less schools
• Construction of school building in building less schools
• Repair & Maintenance of classrooms in existing schools
• Ensuring adequate sanitation facilities in schools
• Up-keeping & maintenance of existing toilets
53
Action Plan for next 3 Years
Major Activity
Present Status
Half Yearly Assessment of
class I to VIII students carried
out and about 77% children
participated. Results are as
follows:-
65% students 70% students 75% students
Grade A (Above 81 %) - 5.60%,
upto Class- upto Class- upto Class - VIII
Learning Grade B (61 % to 80%) -
VIII achieve VIII achieve achieve 80%
Achievement in 29.48%, Grade C (41% to
70% proficiency 75% proficiency proficiency for
Language/ 60%) - 43.95%, Grade D (33%
for that Class in for that Class in that Class in
Maths to 40%) - 14.19% & Grade E
Language and Language and Language and
(Below 33%) - 6. 79%.
Mathematics. Mathematics. Mathematics.
Annual Assessment of class I
to VIII students has been
carried out in all elementary
schools from 18th to 25th
March, 2017
Attendance
76% in Primary 78% in Primary 80% in Primary
Percentage
67% in March, 2017 and Upper and Upper and Upper
against
Primary Primary Primary
Enrolment
Teacher
89% 88% 90% 90%
Attendance
Transition Rate
Over all - 84.96%,
of children -
Girls - 85.94%, 87% for 90% for
SC/ST/Girls/ 92% for children
SC- 81.81%, children in all children in all
Minorities in all categories.
ST - 77.26%, categories. categories.
(Primary to
Minority (Muslim) - 80.01 %
Upper Primary)
Dropout Rate at
Boys - 11 .48% Boys-8% Boys- 7% Boys-5%
Elementary
Girls-10.20% Girls- 7% Girls-6% Girls-5%
Level
Pupil Teacher 48: 1 based on 44: 1 based on 40: 1 based on

52:1 based on enrolment
Ratio (PTR) in enrolment enrolment enrolment
Elementary 36: 1 based on 34: 1 based on 32: 1 based on
Education 38:1 based on attendance
attendance attendance attendance
Student- Class 48: 1 based on 44: 1 based on 40: 1 based on

50:1 based on enrolment
Room Ratio enrolment enrolment enrolment
(SCR) in
Elementary 36: 1 based on 34: 1 based on 32: 1 based on
36:1 based on attendance
Education attendance attendance attendance
54
OBJECTIVES, STRATGIES AND ACTION PLAN-SECONDARY EDUCATION
Objectives
• To ensure enrolment of all children of age 14-18 years

• To improve school infrastructure and facilities
• To improve the learning level of all students & to improve students pass percentage of 1otti Board
Examination
• To improve social inclusion in secondary schools
• To improve school management and governance
Objectives Strategies
To ensure • Enrolment Campaign
enrolment of all • Reconstitution & Revitalize SMDCs
children of age 14- • Effective Community Mobilization
18 years
• SMDC/PTA to focus on enrolment & attendance on monthly basis
• PRls to be involved
• Expansion of existing schools through construction of additional classrooms,

science laboratory and computer rooms etc.
To improve
• Up-gradation/Opening of higher Secondary schools in every panchayat based
school on micro planning exercise with all necessary infrastructural facilities and
infrastructure and teachers.
facilities • Providing required infrastructure like Black Board, furniture, Libraries, Science
and Mathematics Laboratories, computer rooms etc.
• SMDC training on a regular basis
• Bridge course for enhancing learning abi lity for students passing out of class VIII.
• Recruitment of subject-wise teachers and their enrichment and motivation
through training:
• Strengthen subject-specific learning through trained lab attendants, librarian and
To improve the Teachers; organising science exhibitions and book fairs; providing learning kits
learning level of all for maths and science; the use of teaching and learning materials; frequent
assessment; and special classes.
students
• Increased time on task (Increase in a no. of school hours in a day and number of
school working days in a year)
• Job specific skills and to include generic skill of problem solving, decision
making, organisational, basic accountancy and the world of new technologies to
enable students to adjust to the future world of work.
• Free lodging & boarding facilities for students of SC/ST/OBC and Minority girls
• provisioning of scholarship for meritorious students coming from under
privileged socio economic condition
• Expansion of Open and Distance learning for re-enrolment of class St dropout
To improve social children
inclusion in • Remedial teaching for academically weak students and additional support for
bright students for national level entrance exams
secondary schools
• Provision of life skill training and self-defence training .
• Provision of certificate of disability and teaching materials and facilities in schools
including Brail books and audio materials with support of ICT.
• Resource rooms for CWSN
• Recruitment of trained teachers (special education) as per requirement .
55
• Adoption of rational policy of teacher recruitment, deployment, training,

remuneration and career advancement
• Reforming educational administrative method by inclusion of modern digitalized
software
To improve school • Streamlining financial procedure and audit systems for ensuring speedy flow of
management and funds
governance • Involvement of panchayat Raj and community in development of schools.
• Appoint HMs in all secondary schools & provide leadership Training to all HM's
• Subjects and activities to include: health and hygiene; environmental
consciousness; self-defence, Moral Education; at least 5 co-curricular activities
including sports; and area specific cultural and social activities
Target
Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) 76.80 80 85 90
Net Enrolment Ratio (NER) 49.03 55 65 75
Drop Out Rate 9.47 8 6 4
Retention Rate 90.53 94 96 98
Transition Rate 74.00 78 80 85
Gender Gap -0.80 -0.7 -0.5 -0.4
Gender Parity Index (GPI) 1.21 1. 15 1'1 1.05
OBJECTIVES, STRATGIES AND ACTION PLAN - • Special short term courses to equip
HIGHER EDUCATION students from marginalized communities
with English writing and speaking skills or
STRATEGIES skills for quality research
• To evolve a system of annual academic
In order to enhance the Access, Equity and audit of Institutions
Excellence of the higher education in the state our
• Promotion of Open Distance Learning to
government has formulated following strategies:
achieve higher GER and support Life Long
• The Academic Reforms initiated at the Learning.
national level needs to be firmly addressed • Introduction of University Management
in the Bihar. Information System (UMIS) from coming
• All Universities and Colleges should be session
accredited to NAAC • Teacher training-Academic Staff Colleges.
• All premier colleges will be directed to • Promote all Colleges of Excellence.
prepare for the autonomous college status • Quality needs to be enriched by both
or college with potential excellence status knowledge and skills.
fromUGC.
• Partnerships with Industry- summer
• CBCS and Semester System would be internship /practical school.
implemented along with integration of
excursion, field visits, institutional linkage, One of the most daunting challenges has been
seminars and field based assignments shortage of teachers in the higher education. But
58
now this is being resolved through appointment on going to be functional for rapid appointments of
3346 posts of Assistant Professors in different Asst. Professors very soon.
subjects by BPSC. The recommendation for 763
positions in many subjects have already been Another important step has been to initiate the
received and sent to universities for appointment process for establishment of University
such as Maithili (49),English (170), Economics Management Information System. Once it is fully
(214), Psychology (198)and Philosophy (132). operational it will take care of whole student life
However state still has more than 6500 posts cycle, Pre and Post examination, digitization of
vacant in colleges. In order to expedite this process student documents like marks sheet and degree
of appointments Bihar State University Service certificates, Budget and accounts, HR
Commission has been proposed and it is soon management etc.
Objective Strategies
To ensure rise in GER of • Open new colleges

Higher Education From • Open new ODL centers covering all Blocks and subdivisions
14.3 to 30% • Recruitment of teachers on all sanctioned and vacant posts
• Promote good quality Private University
To ensure the sufficient • Expedite the current recruitment process for all vacant post of Assistant
appointment of Teachers Professor by BPSC
• Establishment of University Service Commission
• Academic Staff Colleges in state
To ensure the • Tender for selection of implementation agency under process

implementation of • Phase wise implementation within two years
University Management of • Student Life Cycle
Information System - Pre and Post examination
- Budget and Accounts
- HR Module
- Digitization of Student Documents like
- Mark sheet and Degree Certificates etc.
To ensure the NAAC • NAAC of 85 Colleges and 7 Universities already complete

accreditation of all higher • Strengthen the infrastructures of colleges and universities through
education institutions of development grant
Bihar • Development of examination centers and exam related infrastructures
• Smart Classes, Library, Research Promotion
• Gym and Sports facilities
Reforms • Academic Reform

• Affiliation Reform
• Governance Reform
• Examination Reform
• Financial Reforms
OBJECTIVES, STRATEGIES AND ACTION PLAN - • Providing Life Long Learning Opportunities
MASS EDUCATION for Neo Literates in the age group of 15 to
35.
Objectives
Strategies
• To achieve 100% Functional Literacy for • Survey (Household)
illiterate persons in the age group of 15 to 35
• Setting of actual Target for Basic literacy
by2030.
57
• Printing of Teaching & Learning Materials • Capacity building programme of

and its distribution to learners through stakeholders to promote lifelong learning
literacy center. opportunity for Nee-literates, local artisans
• Training/Orientation of Grass root workers. etc.
• Starting Adult Literacy Center for Basic • Strengthening Lok Shiksha Kendras as
Literacy library cum reading center, artisans
training, skill training for neo-literate
• Monitoring and review on frequent interval
women and men.
at State, District and Block level
• Akshar Melas
• Corrective measures and follow-up actions
• Mass Contact Programmes
• Learning needs survey of Nao-literates
• Padyatras, Wall-Writings, Cycle Rally
• Procurement of study materials from NIOS,
BBOSE,SRC • Jatha/Campaign against different social
evils-Dowry & Child Marriages.
• Distribution of study materials up to
Panchayat (Centers) • Campaign for plantation and open
defecation free villages.
• Setting of Equivalency Programme centers
based on learning needs survey of Neo- • Health and sanitation awareness
literates Programme & Demystification camps
A Basic Literacy
• Target
- •
•
Process
Distribution of materials .
Training and orientation of
literacy functionaries at different
Remarks
level.
• Running of Centers
• Certification Exam of
20,00,000
(Saakshar Bharat- 2017-18
• Monitoring of literacy centers .
Basic Literacy will be
CSS)
• Review and follow-up action at organized in Aug. 2017
Panchayat, block, district and and March, 2018.
1
state level .
• Certification exam twice a year
conducted by NIOS
coordinated by Jan Shiksha
Nideshalay
30,00,000 2018-19 -Do-
30,00,000 2019-20 -Do-

6 Lakh women Neo-literate
12,00,000
expected to appear in Basic
(State Sponsored -
2 2017-18 -Do- Literacy certification exam in
Akshar Anchal
Yojna) the month of Aug., 2017.
12,00,000 2018-19 -Do-
12,00,000 2019-20 -Do-
58
B. Equivalency Programme under Lifelong learning opportunity
Target Remarks
1250 • It is proposed pilot

(Level A) programme approved
by NLMA.
Distribution of study material
procured by NIOS. • On the basis of learner
2017-18 assessment future
Orientation cum training of Tutors.
1250 target and fund
(Level B) Learners assessment by NIOS
allocation will be
provided by NLMA for
2018-19 and 2019-20.
OBJECTIVES, STRATEGIES AND ACTION PLAN - 13,200 teachers have been enrolled under
TEACHER EDUCATION ODL mode for undertaking D. El. Ed. Course
Strategies: Following major steps are been taken to so far.
enhance teacher effectiveness in state within three • Continuous Professional Development
years (i.e. by 2020) :- program has been started through 19
DIETs. in2016-17.
• New infrastructure is being created for all • Teacher Education curriculum both for
TEis. 24 TEis. are already shifted in their new regular and ODL mode has been revised by
building. Renovation B TEis. is also SCERT as per NCFTE guidelines. The ODL
undergoing simultaneously. curriculum has been duly vetted by
• 184 new learning centres are being Distance Education Board of UGC.
constructed in BRC campus for • The preparation of manual for training of
implementing continuous professional school management committee is under
development program for already trained process and training will be organized soon.
teachers.
• Strategy for introducing system of teacher
• The untrained elementary teachers are incentive is also under process.
undergoing training either in regular mode or
• The previous system of monitoring of
in ODL mode. 16,700 untrained teachers
schools by BEO, BRP & CRCC is also being
have been enrolled under regular mode and
revised to make it more effective.
Renovation of 8 old Building Construction

66 Govt. TEis in Building Construction
Building TEis + condition of 14 and renovations of all
dilapidated of 58 TEis + 184
Construction new Institutions + 150 400 TEis completed and
condition New learning centers
New learning centers campus developed
Elm. Untrained - Elm- 13200 (ODL) Elm- 14500 (ODL) and
Training of Elm- 14500 (ODL) and
65000 and 8850 (Regular) 8850 (Regular)
untrained 8850 (Regular)
Sec/sr. sec Sec/sr. sec -600 Sec/sr. sec -1400
teachers Sec/sr. sec -600
untrained- 5725
Capacity 15200 teacher's 15200 teacher's
15200 teacher's
building of continuous continuous
In limited no. continuous professional
already trained professional professional
development
teachers development development
Teacher's SMC members Module development Training of 20000 SMC Training of 20000 SMC
Accountability trained in limited no. of SMC training members members
59
SITUATION ANALYSIS :
Goal 5 aims to empower women and girls to reach making processes will fuel sustainable economies
their full potential, which requires eliminating all and benefit societies and humanity at large. The
forms of discrimination and violence against them, potential of women had not been fully realized,
including harmful practices. It seeks to ensure that owing to, persistent social, economic and political
they have every opportunity for sexual and inequalities. Gender inequalities are deep rooted in
reproductive health and reproductive rights; every society.
receive due recognition for their unpaid work; have
full access to productive resources; and enjoy Girls and women in Bihar face several gender-
equal participation with men in political, economic s pecif ic multidimensional vulnerabilities.
and public life. Gender equality is a fundamental Prevalence and intensity of these deprivations vary
human right, and necessary foundation for a both spatially and socially. For last several decades
peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world. (1991-2011) the demographic composition shows
gap between Male (52%) and Female (48%)
Providing women and girls with equal access to population in Bihar. The gap in literacy has declined
education, health care, decent work, and from 29 in 1991 to 20 in 2011, yet only little more
representation in political and economic decision- than half of females are literate (51.5%) in Bihar.
Fig 5.1: Female Literacy Rate, 2001 - 2011, Bihar & India
Female Literacy Rate

70 65.5
60 53.7
so
40 33.1
• Bihar
30
O lndia
20
10
0
2001 2011
62
As per Census of India 2011, just about half of the female population are literate which is highly
unacceptable. In rural areas it further drops to 49 percent i.e. less than half females.
Low sex ratio at birth and declining child sex ratio points to sex discrimination before and after birth.
Preference for son, patriarchal mind set results in illegal sex determination tests and female foeticide that
varies across the districts and by place of residence in Bihar
Fig 5.2: Sex Ratio at Birth 2009-11to2013-15
Sex Ratio at Birth Sex Ratio at Birth - Bihar

918 (Rural-Urban)
916 916 940
912 . . 921
920
914
900 • •
912
910
880
860
~ 870
910 840
908
2009-11 2011-13 2013-15
906
2009-11 2011-13 2013-15 ~ Rural ~ Urban
Child Sex Ratio declined in 24 out of 38 districts over the period elapsing between 2001 and 2011 Census.
Child Sex Ratio declined from 953 in 1991 to 933 in 2011. After birth, higher mortality rate is noticeable for
female neonates, infants and under-5 children regardless of place of residence. The gap between male and
female IMR is widening from the year 2003 (Male 59 and Female 62) to 2014 (Male 39 and Female 46).
Male/female Under-5 Mortality Rate is 51 per 1000 live births and 58 per 1000 live births, respectively (SRS
2013). Sick New Born Care Unit (SNCU) online monitoring and tracking system shows that in 2015, proportion
of female admissions in SNCUs was 38%, against male admission of 62%.
Fig 5.3: Women Age 20-24 Years Married before age 18 (%), 2005-06 to 2015-16
Women Age 20-24 Years Married before age 18 (%)

70 60.3
60
50 39
40
30
20
10
0
2005-06 2015-16
63
Women aged 20-24, married before 18 in Bihar is girls' human rights. Advancing and achieving
39% according to NFHS-4. Child marriage is a gender equality is the imperative for inclusive
serious human rights violation, affecting children's society and sustainable development goals.
and women's rights to health, education, equality,
non-discrimination and to live free from violence POLICY INTERVENTIONS:
and exploitation. Health and nutrition status of
mothers is alarming as all women aged 15-49 years The Government of Bihar is committed for the
who are anaemic {<12.0 g/dl) is 60.4% as empowerment of women. There are several legal
compared to men aged 15-49 years who are provisions, policies, institutional mechanisms and
anaemic ( < 13.0 g/dl) 32.2%. programmes to empower women in the State.
Progress towards gender equality and women's
Abysmally low work participation rate for women,
empowerment in Bihar has been built upon strong
19% as against male 46.4 % (Census 2011), reflects commitments by the Government's untiring effort.
deep entrenched gender barrier and lack of Gender inequality arising out of social norms and
livelihood opportunities in a largely agriculture-
cultural traditions has been addressed through a
based society. range of direct and indirect measures to bring about
Gender inequality issues are also visible in social change, especially changes in attitudes and
education sector although for last several years the perception towards women. The States' effort itself
situation has considerably improved. Proportion of reflects the aspirations of women in the State. All
out-of-school girls in Bihar is 5.32% in comparison this has been integrated and a State Empowerment
to 4.61 % for boys in 6-13 age group (SRl-IMRB Policy for Women, 2015 was conceptualised,
Survey 2014). Net Enrolment Ratio of Boys-to-Girls announced and implementation of Policy and
in secondary classes is 0.96 (UDISE 2014-15), Integrated action Plan has been initiated following
while at Primary and Upper Primary Level it is better its announcement by the Hon'ble Chief Minister in
for Girls; NER at Primary Level Girls is 96. 7, Boys is March 2015. Women Development Corporation
91.1 (UDISE 2014-15); NER at Upper Primary Level has been made the nodal agency for implementing
Girls is 96, Boys is 80.5 (UDISE 2014-15). The same and coordinating the policy. Some of the noticeable
trend is also observed in transition rate; primary to achievements made in the area of women
upper primary for girls it is 85.94%, and for boys it's empowerment areas are mentioned below:
83.98 (UDISE 2015-16). Dropout rate at upper • 50 per cent reservation of women in
primary level is almost same for girls 4.01 % as Panchayati Raj Institutions (PAis) and
compared to boys 4.1 % according to U-DISE 2015-
Urban Local Bodies.
16 data.
50 per cent reservation for women in
The gender issues are also reflected in reproductive primary school teachers' vacancies.
health related issues. For example, total unmet
need for family planning (currently married women • 35 percent reservation for women in
age 15-49years), was21.2as perNFHS4-2015-16. recruitment of constabulary and sub-
Current use of family planning methods among inspector rank of police inthe state.
currently married women age 15-49 Years is also
very low - Any method (24.1%), any modern • Under 7 Nischay (GoB Seven Resolve), 35
method (23.3%), and female sterilization (20.7%). per cent reservation for women in all
Ever-married women who have ever experienced government jobs.
spousal violence has come down from 62 % on
• Women Empowerment Policy and Detailed
2005-06 to 43.2 % in 2015-16 as per NFHS data. Action Plan, 2015
The above-mentioned analysis clearly shows that • Mukhyamantri Nari Shakti Yojana (M NSY)
inequalities faced by girls begin right at birth or
before birth and follow them all their lives. Lack of • Mukhyamantri Kanya Suraksha Yojana
access to health, nutrition, education, water (MKSY)
sanitation, impedes their survival growth and
development. As girls move into adolescence, • Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP)
gender disparities widen. Child marriage affects • Bihar Prohibition and Excise Act, 2016
84
The Women Development Corporation, has been victims of Helpline /Short Stay Home and SHG
mandated to implement State's perspective plan women. Widows and disabled will be given
towards empowering women and adolescent girls preference while screening and selection of
in Bihar. Gender Resource Centre (GRC) has been beneficiaries. As part of this effort, WDC
established for Gender Equality initiatives in Bihar. introduced skill development initiative and
GRC is envisaged to provide technical support Service Sector Intervention plan in 11 different
specifically in the areas of advocacy, innovative sectors such as Health care, Retail, Security,
research and studies, creation of data base, Telecom, Handloom & handicraft, etc. Total
communications-IEC/BCC, creation of training beneficiaries enrolled and benefitted until Dec
pool and acting as a training and capacity building 2016 is approx 25000.
resource; providing technical know-how in terms of 2. Social Empowerment for Women
that will support implementation process, enable
Social empowerment issues of women could
effective monitoring and evaluation systems,
include issues such as education, health,
support, and building up on these experiences will
nutrition, drinking water and sanitation around
work in close coordination with various Government
housing and shelter (environment) protection
departments, NGOs, academic institutions and
for women under difficult circumstances,
international agencies working on similar issues.
fighting against violence against women and
Specific Details of Key Programmes and Schemes for rights of the girl child. Women in difficult
and Women and Girl Child Implemented in the state circumstances also need special attention. In
so far: order to provide immediate relief and succor to
women experiencing violence in any forms, the
A) Mukhyamantri Nari Shakti Yojana: state has instituted the following protective
The programme was launched in 2007-08 services:
throughout the state with an objective to empower
2.1 Women Helpline: Women Helpline for each
women and make them self reliant. The programme
District in Bihar. It is a physical set up within the
envisages holistic empowerment of women in the
system of the government, which is committed
economic, social and cultural spheres in through
to respond to the critical needs of the women
the following strategic inputs:
victims of violence. Women Helpline have been
1. Economic Empowerment of Women expanded to 38 Districts of state and mostly
functions under the supervision of the District
1.1. Organizing, nurturing, and capacity building Magistrates; so far, approx 460000 women
of SHGs Under the MNSY, the economic have availed helpline facilities out of which
empowerment component envisages 35900 have been merely through counselling.
organization and nurturing of women self help 2.2 Short Stay Homes : WDC also supports the
groups (SHGs) which would provide establishment of Short Stay Homes at district
confidence and mutual support for women headquarters where women who are victims of
striving for social change; the basic underlying any abuse can take temporary shelter. NGOs
premise for organizing SHGs are that it serves have been engaged to run the services
as a forum in which women can critically managed by a rehabilitation-cum-training
analyze their situation and devise strategies to officer and support staff that stay in the home
overcome their difficulties. 67000 SHGs were and are available 24x7. Psychologists,
formed in 69 blocks till 30th June' 2014, psychiatrists and doctors are available on call.
following which SHGs was handed over to Lawyers are available for free legal advice and
Jeevika. service. At present, 24 Short Stay Homes are
1.2. Skill Development Programme in different functional out of 38 district headquarters and a
trades: Women and girls from the marginalized total of 11000 women and child beneficiaries
and economically weakest sections of the have been reached through short stay home
society are provided skill development training services.
in different trades for ensuring sustained 2.3 Working Women Hostel: Under MNSY it
source of livelihood for their families. has been planned to establish Working Women
Preference will be given to BPL/POP Hostels in the 5 divisions of the state i.e Patna,
candidates and beneficiaries of WDC like
85
Gaya, Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga & Bhagalpur to 4. DFID supported SWASTH lntervention:-

provide safe and suitable accommodation to 4.1 Gram Varta: Gram Varta literally translates
working women, unmarried women, widow, to "village dialogue", which in a large sense is
divorced and separated women. Presently, what the intervention aims to do. It empowers
Working Women's Hostel, Patna is functional community with the knowledge and skills to
under direct supervision of woe in a hired disseminate maternal and child nutrition
premise with a proposal to expand to four more information to their fam ilies and their
districts. communities. Beneficiaries under the
2.4 Protection Home: Under MNSY it is planned programme covered thus far are 1O lakh
to provide shelter homes for women in difficult families from 80,000 SHGs in 22 districts.
circumstances; this would include trafficked 4.2 Violence against Women (VAW): Violence
women/girls rescued or runaway from brothels against Women is a serious problem pertaining
or other places or women/girl victims of sexual in the society. woe has conceptualized and
offence, who are disowned by families or who initiated implementation of a multi-sectoral
do not want to go back to respective families for programme to address Violence Against
various reasons. Presently, one Protection women and thereby address gender equality.
Home with 50 beds facility is functional at Patna This approach not just reaches out to victims
and is managed by a Superintendent, through protective means but also works
Supervisor, Medical officer, Vocational trainer, through multiple partners on preventive
counsellor and support staffs. approaches.
2.5 Social Awareness Programme: The Social Key strategies include the following but are not
Awareness Programme implemented by WDe limited to:
is aimed at dealing with the eradication of
4.2.1 Strengthening Women Helplines and
various social evils such as dowry system, child
Short Stay Homes In all districts:
marriage, dayan (witchcraft), sexual
harassment at work place, trafficking, female 4.2.1 a. Infrastructure Support-
foeticide, women's social & economic rights, Help lines and short stay homes have been
drug addiction and atrocities on women . Mass provided with adequate strengthening of 38
awareness is carried out through Intensive women helplines and short stay homes is
Village level awareness generation, Mass completed and further process has been
interaction in BCC approach, Learning initiated to provide computer & printers to all
consolidation, Mobil ization of Service the 38 HL. Plan for strengthening the SSH in the
Providers responsible to address legal issues. same line adopted for HL. Training and
2.6 Social Rehabilitation Fund: WDC under its Capacity Building Support-Seven round of
Social Rehabilitation Programme has made Training on PWDV Act, for the project staff of
provisions of a support Fund which is aimed to Helpline &SSH has been organized.
be utilized for rehabilitating women and their 4.2.1. b. Ensuring 24 X 7 accessibility to women
children. To facilitate the process better, Legal victims/survivors through provision of eUG
aid, counselling, crisis intervention, vocational mobile facilities for Women helpline. Further
training , assistance for livelihood, education , CUG mobile to RTOs of SSH is under process.
information, advocacy, etc. are few other 4.2.1. c. Streamlining Helpline and Short Stay
activities. Home Functioning Standard Operating
3. Mukhyamantri Kanya Suraksha Yojana: With the Procedure on role of protection officer under
objective to check the foeticide of a girl child, DV act has been prepared and is under
improve sex ratio in the state and encourage process for field testing in three districts namely
registration of birth, Government of Bihar has Patna, Gaya & Purnea. SOP on PWDV act
launched a Scheme called "Mukhya Mantri approved by the Social Welfare Department
Kanya Suraksha Yojana". Unti l date, (SWD). Similar protocol for Short Stay home
Mukhyamantri Kanya Suraksha Yojana of functioning is also proposed.
Government of Bihar has benefitted around 16 4.2.2 Police Intervention- Special cells in 23
lakh girl children born in BPL families. police stations covering 12 blocks of Patna
86
district have been established on Pilot basis. of life. The vision is to achieve gender equality and
The objective behind the concept is to develop empower all women and girls through removal of all
synergy with police, and also sensitize the structural and institutional obstacles and an
police officials towards addressing the equitable society free of bias, discrimination and
multidimensional issues of atrocities on fear of violence.
women through conventional techniques. Till
The Government of Bihar envisages society where
date, 5015 cases were registered out of which
women are:
3547 cases have been resolved through
counselling {71 % success). Scaling up of • Treated fairly at work;
special Cell in 112 Police Station of 112 sub
• Not discriminated in all its forms and on all
division in Bihar has been planned.
grounds;
4.2.3 Health sector intervention- Domestic
• Healthy, and their wellbeing and safety
Violence has severe public health implications
ensured;
as seen from both global and national
evidences; its consequences can be • Their education, training and professional
witnessed in low weight babies, forced development are all promoted;
abortions, foetal and infant mortality, maternal • For their sake, equality promoted through
mortality and morbidity, low immunization and community initiatives and advocacy; and,
public health service uptake. This initiative is
• Paid special attention, especially to the poor
intended to provide timely response and to
and those belonging to the marginalized
enhance support to pregnant women through
sections of society.
professional support at institution level.
Recently MoU had been signed between WDC
and State Health Society for this intervention. STRATEGY:
4.2.4 School based intervention- The Gender Empowerment of women socially, economically
Equity Movement in School {GEMS) is an and politically is within the ambit of fulfilment of
initiative to promote gender equality and women's rights. It is a prerequisite for women to
reduce violence among middle and high realise their full potential, have access to
school children using Group Education opportunities, resources and choices with the
Activities (GEA). The initiative will target freedom of decision-making both inside and
students beginning 6th grade (ages 12-14) for outside of home. The Constitution of India
one year and will aim to develop critical thinking enshrines mandate for equality in its preamble,
among young boys and girls on issues of fundamental rights and duties, and also provides
gender equality and equity. The current scale of for specific provisions for affirmative action. It also
the programme is 140 in 14 districts and provides for equality before the law under Article
covered approx. 1 lakh boys and girls. 15(1) and Article 15(3) which gives scope for
4.2.5 Sapnon Ko Chali Chhoone: Another affirmative action for women.
initiativeofWDC, the programme implemented
PRIORITY AREAS OF THE STATE ON WOMEN
in 4 phases, has covered more than 1,82,000
EMPOWERMENT ALIGNED WITH THE STATE
girls in 72 colleges of 30 districts of Bihar. The
aim is to build capacities of young women, EMPOWERMENT POLICY FOR WOMEN, 2015
resulting in women empowerment and A) Social Sector
reduction of gender disparity in the state.
i. Implementation and evaluation of work
VISION: plan to make a solution for decreasing sex
ratio. Ban on female/child foeticide,
"Development of our state is not possible without elimination of child marriage and sensitize
the development of women as they are an the society for girl chi Id.
important half of our population" - (Honourable
Chief Minister, Shri Nitish Kumar). By 2030, the ii. Special targeted campaign for addressing
Government of Bihar wishes to ensure that women the social evils of child marriage and
are respected and their dignity restored in all walks dowry.
87
iii. Find ways to empower women for the C) Education sector

elimination of violence and crime against
women and girls. i. Improving overall quality of life and create
favorable atmosphere by ensuring quality
iv. Ensure implementation of sexual education for women and girls.
harassment of women at workplace
(Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) ii. Formal and informal , employment
Act, 2013 and Sexual Harassment of oriented, professional, technical and life
women at workplace (Prevention, skill education on primary, middle and
Prohibition and Redressal) Rules, 2013 to university level and ensure training and
create a safe and harassment free employment equally.
environment at workplace. D) Health and Nutrition
v. Provide equal opportunity, compulsory i. Ensuring better health service and nutrition
services and resources to women in critical for women and adolescent girls.
situation .
ii. Ensuring easy access to natural
vi. Provisions of welfare programs, protection resources, clean water, sanitation for rural
of the rights of women working in and urban women.
unorganized sectors, ensure their health
benefits and prepare plans and programs E) Political sector
for exploitation free atmosphere.
i. Ensuring effective women's participation
B) Economic Sector and partnership in governance process,
plans and decision making.
i. Promote female entrepreneurship in
economic sector and provide them equal ii. Observation, evaluation and analysis of
opportunity. women empowerment pol icy and
programs and prepare annual review and
ii. Skill development and active participation reports .
of women in information technology.
F) Cultural Sector
iii. Increase income based opportunity and
employment for women by promoting their i. Spread awareness about women
skill and potential. empowerment by documentaries, movies,
nukkad natak and information-education-
iv. Promote female entrepreneurship and
communication materials.
provide markets for their products to make
them self independent by building self help ii. Sensitize society and spread awareness
groups, skill development and fund with the help of print and electronic media
support. and responsible citizens for the elimination
of social evils like child marriage, gender
v. Ensuring equal pay for equal work for
based violence, witchcraft, domestic
women .
violence, sexual harassment at workplace,
vi. Make provisions of gender budgeting in gender inequality etc.
plans and promote women's participation
in observation and evaluation .
88
SITUATION ANALYSIS :
Goal 6 of Sustainable Development Goal goes people in the world, who do not use improved
beyond drinking water, sanitation and hygiene to sanitation facilities, so far the greatest number is in
address the quality and sustainability of water India.
resources. Achieving this Goal is critical to the
As per census of India 2001 & 2011, Bihar ranked
survival of people and the planet, means expanding
third in 2001 and second in 2011 in terms of
international cooperation and garnering the
availability of potable sources of water in the
support of local communities in improving water
household among EAG states. Compared to 77%
and sanitation management. Access to safe
of households in India, 91 % of households in Bihar
drinking water and universalization of proper
have access to potable sources of drinking water.
sanitation is a basic requirement to ensure
Even in 2001, Bihar was ahead by 9 .2% points than
betterment of community health and hygiene. It
India, in terms of the availability of drinking water
bears direct relevance to health and well-being and
is, thus, directly linked to the achievement of facility. But the only concern is the accessibility of
tap water in the households, which when compared
Sustainable Development Goal. 32
among all EAG states stands at the lowest.
Sustainable Development Goals provides an
As per Census of India 2011 , Bihar ranked second
opportunity to renew and integrate efforts to meet
in rural and fourth among EAG states in urban
the priorities of the government. aimed at restoring
segment, having drin king water facility in
State's natural capital and adopt transparent and
households. But, an area of concern issue which
robust governance along democratic lines. The
needs to be looked into is that the major source of
targets set under SDG Goal 6 very well go with an
ambitious target of the Bihar Government's "Saat water in Bihar is hand-pumps and not the treated
piped water. Thus, one can say that regarding the
Nishchay" i.e. to provide drinking water and
coverage Bihar holds a notable position, yet a lot
sanitation coverage to every household by 2020.
needs to be done to ensure the quality of drinking
Unsafe water and lack of basic sanitation and water.
hygiene every year claims lives of more than 1.5
million children of less than five years of age from At the same time coverage of sanitation facility still
diarrhoea globally. According to the WATSAN remains a big problem for the state. The percentage
share of households with latrine facil ity on the
ry./ater and Sanitation) Update 201 O, provided
premises at all-India level is 46.9%, while among the
jointly by WHO and UNICEF, about 884 million
EAG states it ranges from 22% to 65.8%; whereas
people in the world still do not get their drinking
Bihar ranks sixth among EAG states with 23.1 %. In
water from improved sources. On the other hand
improved sanitation facilities are used by less tha~
2001 too, Biharwas in the same position among the
EAG states. In rural India, 30.7% households have
two-third of the world population. Among 2.6 billion
latrine facility on premises, while this share for the
.. Tap water accessibility in households: 3.7 in 2001and4.4 ln 2011
70
EAG states ranges from 7.6% to 54.1% and rural premises, while the EAG states record a range from
Bihar ranks fourth with 17.6%. Similarly, urban India 60.2 to 93.6% and urban Bihar ranks fifth with 69.0%
reports 81.4% households with latrine facility on (Table 6.1).
Table 6.1 : Percentage of Household with Potable Sources of Drinking Water and Latrine Facility on Premise~
EAG States 2001 2011
Rra Uran ta Rra Uran ta
P1ae Sres rinking ater

Bihar 81.3 84.3 81.6 91.8 84.4 91.0
Chhattisgarh 64.9 85.2 68.8 78.6 80.7 79.1
Jharkhand 32.6 64.4 39.6 52.8 68.8 56.7
Madhya Pradesh 58.7 81.4 64.5 68.2 76.8 70.5
Odisha 34.1 56.8 37.2 54.3 60.8 55.2
Rajasthan 52.9 90.4 61.7 58.4 88.7 65.9
Uttar Pradesh 85.0 95.5 87.1 93.4 88.3 92.2
Uttarakhand 81.9 97.2 85.7 88.0 95.5 90.2
India 67.5 84.9 72.4 74.4 82.5 77.0
atrine aiity n Preises
Bihar 13.9 69.7 19.2 17.6 69.0 23.1
Chhattisgarh 5.2 52.6 14.2 14.5 60.2 24.6
Jharkhand 6.6 66.7 19.7 7.6 67.2 22.0
Madhya Pradesh 8.9 67.7 24.0 13. 1 74.2 28.8
Odisha 7.7 59.7 14.9 14. 1 64.8 22.0
Rajasthan 14.6 76.1 29.0 19.6 82.0 35.0
Uttar Pradesh 19.2 80.0 31.4 21.8 83.1 35.6
Uttarakhand 31.6 86.9 45.2 54.1 93.6 65.8
India 21.9 73.7 36.4 30.7 81.4 46.9
Potable Sources of Drinking Water (Census 2011) of more than 15% points between 2001 and 2011.
stands at 82% of the households in Bihar. In 2001, Likewise, both SC and ST households also show a
this coverage was 74%. Thus, the increase of sustainable increase of 8.6% points in the coverage
around 8% points in a decade shows that in the next of drinking water in a century. According to Census
15 years, the SDG target of equal access to drinking 2011, out of 38 districts, 21 districts were above the
water by 2030 could be met. Fortunately, an state average in providing potable sources of
increase of 8.6% points in rural coverage is more drinking water.
than the increase of the State average, highlights
that the State is on a right track regarding the Although Bihar has achieved universal coverage of
drinking water coverage. It is remarkable that six drinking water, it is far from achieving universal
districts (Sheikhpura, Munger, Lakhisarai, Vaishali, access to piped water supply and providing quality
Nalanda and Bhagalpur) have reported an increase water which is in consistent with the international
norms. According to Census 2011 , the supply of
"Census of India 2001and2011 71

piped water is only 4.4% in the state and 2.6% in demands of domestic and agriculture sectors.
rural areas. According to NFHS, households with
The rural drinking water supply is mainly dependent
improved drinking water sources have shown an
increase of 2.1 % points between 2005-06 and on groundwater. During last few decades,
2015-16. emphasis was on coverage of rural habitations in
terms of water supply. In terms of physical
Even after being rich in water reserves, the southern progress, the achievements have been remarkable
part of the state faces severe water crisis in and almost 80% of the households have been
summers. At the same time during rainy season covered. Now sustainability of the source and the
and floods in the northern Bihar, drinking water system along with poor quality of water have
becomes unsafe because of faecal contamination, emerged as a great threat in providing safe and
causing increase in incidents of diseases like regular supply to all habitations. Out of 38 districts,
diarrhoea, dysentery, typhoid fever, jaundice, 28 districts in Bihar are affected by arsenic, fluoride
cholera, etc. The emergence of chemical and iron.
contamination in the ground water is also posing
challenges in providing safe drinking water. In Bihar, The table 6.2 a drawn below shows district-wise
mapping of contamination as on January 2015:
groundwater is playing a pivotal role in fulfilling the
Table &.2 a : Districts Mapping of Contamination"
Contaminants Affected Districts

Begusarai, Bhagalpur, Bhojpur, Buxar, Darbhanga, Katihar, Khagaria,
Arsenic (13 districts)
Lakhisarai, Munger, Patna, Samastipur, Saran and Vaishali
Aurangabad, Banka, Bhagalpur, Gaya, Jamui, Kaimur, Munger, Nalanda,
Fluoride (11 districts)
Nawada, Rohtas and Sheikhpura
Araria, Begusarai, Katihar, Khagaria, Kishanganj, Madhepura, Purnia,
Iron (9 districts)
Saharsa and Supaul
As presented in Table 6.2 b, in 2010, 24,000 shows that the state has already started making
habitations were fluoride, iron or arsenic affected, strides towards providing safe drinking water to its
and by 2015 the number decreased to 22,000 citizens, which is another target of SDG.
habitations. This is indeed a positive indicator and
Table &.2 b : Number of Habitations Affected"
Water Contaminants 2015 2010

Fluoride 3467 4157
Iron 17833 18673
Arsenic 961 1590
Total 22261 24420
Similarly, sanitation is a major challenge in the toilets. Except Patna, in all 37 districts, the
State. According to Census 2011 , 76.9% of the percentage of households going for open
households have no access to latrine facility with a defecation ranges between 61.2% (Munger) to
caveat of 1.1 % who may be using public latrine. The 90.6% (Araria).
Government has a mammoth task set for itself, not
only in constructing toilets for all but also creating According to National Family Health Survey,
behavioural change so that people understand the households using improved sanitation facility, there
risks of open defecation and begin to use these was an increase of 10.6% points from 14.6% in
2005-06 (NFHS-3) to 25.2% in 2015-16 (NFHS-4).
,. Public Health Engineering Department, Goe

" Public Hea Ith Engineering Department, GoB
72
In order to address the needs of women and girls, social services expenditure is projected to increase
there are separate toilets in government schools, further by Rs 12,387 crore (32 %}. The non-salary
colleges, office and shopping complexes. component of the revenue expenditure on social
According to DISE38 data, between 2005-06 and services (the amount spent on the maintenance of
2014-15, there was more than six-fold increase in assets already created} was 82 % in 2015-16, as
the primary schools with girls' toilet. 39 against 66 % in 2011-12.
Expenditure on Water Supply and Sanitation: The total revenue expenditure on social services
Providing better education and health services, has increased from Rs 18, 729 crore in 2011-12 to
safe drinking water, sanitation, housing etc. is very Rs 35,943 crore in 2015-16 growing at an annual
important to establish the linkage between rate of 18 %. In 2016-17, it is estimated to rise to Rs
economic growth and welfare of citizens. This 47,14 7 crore, an increase of 31 % over the previous
desired linkage can be established through year. The total capital outlay on social services
sufficient expenditure on social services. increased from Rs 807 crore in 2011-12 to Rs 2740
crore in 2015-16. In 2016-17 budget, it has been
The state government's concern for social projected to increase sharply to Rs 3924 crore,
development including water supply and sanitation mostly due to increase of Rs 1000 crore each in
is reflected in the increased allocation for this sector capital outlay on education and water supply,
from Rs 19,536 crore in 2011-12 to Rs 38,684 crore sanitation etc.
in 2015-16. In the budget estimates of 2016-17,
Tabla 6.3 : ExpendibJre on Water Supply and Sanitalion40
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 BE

Estimated Population (crore) 10.4 10.6 10.9 11 .1 11.4 11.6
Total Expenditure (Rs Crore)

Water Supply and Sanitation 1713 2304 2967 3639 3694 5894
Per Capita Expenditure {Rs)

Water Supply and Sanitation 165 217 273 327 324 506
POLICY INTERVENTIONS: In 2014-15, there were also additions in the

construction of individual household latrines (1.65
Both drinking water and sanitation are basic lakh), sanitary complexes (20), school toilets (1046)
41
necessities. Effective monitoring of access, and Anganwadi toilets (11). This scheme will
quantity and quality of water for drinking and promote decentralized service delivery
sanitation is a key consideration for Bihar. Major arrangements with increased Panchayati Raj
programmes running at the Central and the State Institution (PRI} and community participation,
level are: National Rural Drinking Water Supply improved financial sustainability and enhanced
Programme (NRDWP) has been introduced by the accountability at all levels in low income States.
Government of India in order to address water Presently under the NRDWP, schemes amounting
supply and sanitation problems in rural areas. In to Rs. 900 crore are under implementation and an
2014-15, as many as 24.3 thousand hand-pumps additional amount of Rs. 2125 crores has been
have been installed under the NRDWP. The goal of proposed.
NRDWP is to ensure that, by 2022, every rural
Har Ghar Nal ka Jal - In order to provide clean
household in the country has access to at least 70
drinking water to every citizen of Bihar, without any
litres of water per capita per day (lpcd) on their
discrimination the state government has launched
household premises or at a distance of less than 50
four schemes namely Mukhyamantri Gramin Peyjal
meters from their households.
'" District Information System for Education

"11.8 % in 2005-06 cind 71.2 % in 2014-15
'" Economic Survey of Bihar, 2017
41
Economic Survey of Bihar, 2015-16, Department of Finance, GoB
73
(Gunwatta Prabhavit Kshetra) Nishchay Yojana, Gaya. The objective of the program is to improve
Mukhyamantri Gramin Peyjal (Gair Gunwatta the solid waste management (SWM), water supply
Prabhavit) Nishchay Yojana, Mukhyamantri Gramin and sewerage pattern in the two towns.
Peyjal Nishchay Yojana and Mukhyamantri Shahri
Sauchalay Nirmaan Ghar ka Samman : The purpose
Peyjal Nishchay Yojana out of which three are
of this scheme is to make Bihar free from open
meant for the rural areas and the fourth is for the
defecations, healthy and clean without any
urban area.
discrimination to all households. All rural and urban
Mukhyamantri Gramin Peyjal Gunwatta Prabhavit families of the state will be encouraged for regular
Kshetra Nischay Vojana: Under the National Drinking use of toilets by bringing about community
Water Programme and Mukhyamantri Gramin behavioural changes. An approximate 1.68 crore
Peyjal Gunvatta Prabhavit Kshetra Nishchay toilet less families are being targeted to ensure they
Yojana, targets have been set to provide safe have toilet facilities in the next 5 years.
drinking water to quality affected (arsenic, fluoride &
Lohlya Swachhata Vojana (lSV): LSY is a Bihar
iron affected) rural habitations by 2019-20.
Government-sponsored sanitation programme for
Mukhyamantrl Gramln PeyJal Nlshchay Yojana and rural areas. The scheme amounting to Rs. 1431
Mukhyamantri Gramin Peyjal (Gair Gunwatta crore has been sanctioned to cover APL families
Prabhavit) Nishchay Yojana : Under these two (which were excluded under the Swachh Bharat
schemes targets have been set to provide drinking Mission (Gramin) for providing incentive on the
water to rural habitations, which are not quality construction of individual household toilets in rural
affected by 2019-20. areas of Bihar. This challenging goal for water
accessibility and sanitary cleanliness already exists
Mukhyamantri Shahri Peyjal Nishchay Yojana: Under in the agenda of 7 Nischay (The Seven Resolves). It
this scheme targets have been set to provide is the pledge of the State administration to provide
drinking water in urban areas by 2019-20. proper sanitation and safe drinking water by 2019-
20 to each resident of Bihar. The matching of the
Ghar Tak Pakki Gali-Naliyan- The State Government
SDG goal with this programme makes the aim more
has been committed to provide pakki gali-nali to all
specific and sustainable.
households and to achieve this objective the state
government has launched four schemes namely Some of the important interventions of the State
Mukhyamantri Gramin Gali-Nali Nishchay Yojana, Government for provide safe drinking water and
Mukhyamantri Shahri Nali-Gali Nishchay Yojana improving sanitation facilities in Bihar are the
and Gramin Tola Sam park Nishchay Yojana. following:
Mukhyamantri Gramin Gali-Nali Nishchay Vojana: • A scheme called Lohiya Swachchha Bihar
This scheme aims to construct pucca drainage and Mission was launched in March, 2016
by lanes in villages and habitations in rural areas. It
aims to cover all habitations in the state with pucca • Under Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin),
drainage and by lanes by the year 2019-20. 10.87 lakh toilets were constructed till May,
2016 and 451 Gram Panchayats were
Mukhyamantrl Shahrl Nall-Gall Nlshchay Vojana: declared Open Defecation Free (ODF).
Under this scheme targets have been set to
construct pakki gali-nali in all the urban wards of by • Under Mukhyamantri Chapakal Yojana,
2019-20. 32.47 thousand new hand pumps were
installed between December 2015 to
Gramln Tola Sampark Nlshchay VoJana: Under this September 2016 on the recommendation of
scheme targets have been set to give connectivity Honourable M LAs and MLCs
to all the habitations upto 100 population by 2019-
20. • Bihar Gram Swachha Peyjal Nishchay
Abhiyan was implemented to ensure
Urban Infrastructure and Governance (UIG): Under community participation for providing safe
this program, two urban centres of Bihar are drinking water in areas affected by fluoride,
included - Patna Urban Agglomeration (Patna, arsenic and iron.
Danapur, Khagaul and Phulwarisharif) and Bodh
74
Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM): Under this project of For individual toilets, the state government provides
the Central Government, the State Government is Rs 4000 to each family, in addition to the central
committed to provide toilet to each household. The assistance of Rs 8000.
Government has set a target of constructing 7.5
Progress Made: The progress of National Rural
lakh toilets in the urban areas. The estimated
Drinking Water Supply Program is presented in the
expenditure is Rs 602 crore, to be spread over four
years. Till date, a sum of Rs 241 crore has already table given below. In 2015-16, as many as 26.7
thousand hand pumps have been installed under
been disbursed to 140 towns in the state. The
physical progress is as follows: the program. The goal is to ensure that by 2022
every rural household in the country has access to
(a) Individual toilets - 31765 already at least 70 litres of water per capita per day, within
constructed and 60743 are under their household premises or at a distance of less
construction than 50 meters. In 2015-16, there were 4.26 lakh
(b) Communitytoilets-35 constructed and 70 additions in the construction of individual
under construction household latrines.
(c) Public toilets - 30 constructed and 18

under construction.
Tabla 6.4: Achievement under Water Supply and Sanitation (figures in Number)
Year Hand Slipped back Individual Household Latrine (IHHL) Construction

pumps habitations/water constructed of sanitary
Installed quality problems APL BPL Total complex
covered
2010-11 58597 13922 173219 557312 730531 66
2011-12 28286 11243 193875 646052 839927 132
2012-13 31926 10960 236021 560678 796699 214
2013-14 34289 12787 63190 98456 161646 36
2014-15 24287 12236 47056 118401 165457 20
2015-16 26691 7189 145766 280365 426131 10
new water supply schemes. Piped drinking water

VISION:
and water connections shall be made available to
Ensure availability and sustainable management of each household in the state.
water and sanitation for all.
Populations dependent on water sources with
arsenic, fluoride and iron contamination (as
STRATEGY: identified by water testing conducted by the
Through its Nishchay of 'har ghar nal ka jal', the department) shall be provided with alternate safe
Government of Bihar has resolved to provide to drinking water in both, rural and urban areas.
every household safe drinking water through piped
To help and achieve these key focus areas within
water supply. This vision covers both rural and
the SDGs, Bihar will implement a framework of
urban areas. Throughout the state, each person in
activities within the purview of the concerned
villages will have access to 70 lpcd within their
Departments and ensure that each household is
household premises without facing barriers of
covered with tap water connection. The State has
social or financial discrimination. As a part of this
also target interventions which are generating user
vision, the State Government will further strengthen
awareness about the responsibility of conserving
the water distribution system, construct Tube well
water, as well as water conservation techniques,
pumping stations, install tube wells, and construct
75
and work toward optimal utilization of available Through its Nishchay of 'sauchalay nirmaan ghar ka
water resources while ensuring that unaccounted samman', the State government aims to make Bihar
water flow is minimized. Water Quality Monitoring free from open defecations, healthy and clean
and Surveillance System has also been planned to without any discrimination to any households. All
strengthen by equipping the Water Quality Testing rural and urban families of the state will be
Laboratories and mobilizing community on the encouraged for regular use of toilets by bringing
monitoring processes. Gram Panchayats will also about community behavioural changes. Schemes
be made responsible to take O&M affairs at their are being implemented in mission mode to achieve
own financial resources in phased manner. this target by 2019-2020.
78
- -
SITUATION ANALYSIS
Goal 7 seeks to promote broader energy access for achieving Bihar's development goals. Bihar has
and increased use of renewable energy, including registered an impressive mark on the growth
through enhanced international cooperation and trajectory and has demonstrated a relatively higher
expanded infrastructure and technology for clean transformative potential compared to other states.
energy. Access to affordable, reliable, sustainable The State of Bihar needs reliable supply of
and modern energy is one of the key indices for electricity to sustain its growth rate. However, Bihar
human development. Further, sustainable energy is one of the low power consuming states in India.
paradigm is one of the most important prerequisites
Table 7.1 : Power Scenario in Bihar (2011-12 to 2016-17)
Characteristic I 2011-12 I 2012-13 I 2013-141 2014-15 I 2015-16 I 2016-17

Peak Demand (MW') 2138 2366 2965 3349 3459 3769
Energy Requirement (Million 12285 13267 15045 17654 23324 24170
Units)
Per capita consumption 134 145 160 203 258 305
(kwh)
Avallabllity of Power: Availability of power in the kwh in 2012-13 to 305 kwh in 2015-16. Even with
State is one of the critical issues which need to be this increase in consumption pattern, there is
addressed immediately. Even though there has considerable variation across the districts in terms
been improvement in power availability from 1712 of per capita power consumption. In 2015-16, the
MW in 2011-12 to 4100 MW in 2017-18 (up to May, top 3 districts in power consumption were - Patna
2017) in six years a lot more needs to be done. Due (4197 Kwh), Gaya (1214 kwh) and Muzaffarpur (916
to increased availability of power from an average of kwh). On the other end, the bottom 3 districts were-
6-8 hours to 14-16 hours in rural areas and from 10- Sheohar (50 kwh), Arwal (95 kwh) and Sheikhpura
2
12 hours to 20-22 hours in urban area, the per (136 kwh)4 •
capita consumption in the State has risen from 145
78 42
Economic survey of Bihar, 2017
Current Status'°: Bihar, with 88.7 percent of its Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE): The mission of
population living in rural areas (2011 census), Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) is to develop
remains the most rural state in India. In view of this, policy and strategies with a thrust on self-regulation
the rural electrification work is being carried out in all and market principles, within the overall framework
the 38 districts of state. Under electrification of un- of the Energy Conservation Act (EC Act), 2001 with
electrified villages, a total of 23, 757 villages have the primary objective of reducing energy intensity of
been electrified against a target of 24,771 un- the Indian Economy. This will be achieved with
electrified villages. Under intensive electrification active participation of all stakeholders, resulted in
of partially electrified villages, 23,415 villages have accelerated and sustained adoption of energy
been intensively electrified against a target of efficiency in all sectors.
39, 767 partially electrified villages.
Bihar State Electricity Board (BSEB): It was
Presently, about 10588 circuit km EHV (Extra High constituted in April, 1958 for the management of
Voltage) transmission line, 112 grid sub-stations generation, transmission, distribution and other
with total transformation capacity of 6090 MVA at electricity-related activities in Bihar. Under the new
220/132/KV level and 9390 MVA at 132/33 KV level Bihar State Electricity Reforms Transfer Scheme
comprise the transmission system in Bihar. The 2012, the BSEB has been unbundled into five
projection for 2017-18 is 11768 circuit km companies in 2012 vide State Government
transmission Iine, 148 grid sub-stations with 11290 resolution no 999 dated 06.03.2012. These
MVA at 220/132/KV level and 12930 MVA at 132/33 companies are (1) Bihar State Power (Holding)
KV transmission capacity. Company Limited, (2) Bihar State Power
Generation Company Limited, (3) Bihar State
Of the total generation capacity of power in Bihar as Power Transmission Company Limited, (4) North
on March 2017, 80. 75 % is from coal based thermal Bihar Power Distribution Company Limited and (5)
power, 16.67 % from hydro power and the balance South Bihar Power Distribution Company Limited.
2.57 % from renewable energy sources. In terms of
ownership, central sector has the largest share of Bihar State Power (Holding) Company Limited
78.9 %, followed by the private sector 19.79 % and (BSPHCL) is a controlling company which will hold
state sector 1.2%. equity capital of the other four subsidiary
companies and will act as a controlling company for
As per Census of India, 2011 only 10.4% of the rural the subsidiary companies.
households in Bihar have access to electricity in
comparison with the national average of 55.3% and Bihar State Power Generation Company Limited
66.7% of the urban households in Bihar have (BSPGCL) is responsible for coordinating and
access to electricity at the household level in advising other companies and concerns, including
comparison with the national average of 92.7%. subsidiaries, engaged in the generation of
However by 2016-17, more than 50%, Rural electricity. The coordination and advisory roles
households have access to electricity whereas in include all matters concerning the construction,
Urban area, more than 95% have access to operation and maintenance of generating stations
electricity. and associated facilities. It is also mandated to
procure fuel and ensure its transportation to various
POLICY INTERVENTIONS: sites.
The Government of Bihar in tune with the national Bihar State Power Transmission Company Limited
priority has identified the energy sector as a key (BSPTCL) is responsible for the transmission of
area and a lot of initiatives have been undertaken in electricity and is vested with the transmission
the recent past to cover the lost ground. There has assets, interest in property, and rights and liabilities
been significant improvement on all fronts. of the erstwhile BSEB. This company has to
Following the administrative restructuring exercise develop an efficient system of intra-state
taken by the Government, the situation improved in transmission lines for electricity, and connecting
terms of power availability, revenue generation, load centers to the generating stations.
household electrification, power procurement,
North and South Bihar Power Distribution
strengthening of T&D network and energy
Companies Limited undertake the activities of
efficiency.
distribution to all consumers, trading of electricity,
43
Economic survey of Bihar, 2017 79
and implementation of rural electrification schemes under commercial operation. The share of
under various government programs . These Bihar is 76.56% i.e. 952.54 MW. After
companies also tender, finalize and execute Power resolution of contractual issue the
Purchase Agreements (PPA} and other agreements construction work of Stage -I is likely to
for sale or purchase of electricity. commence shortly.
Power Generation: The government of Bihar has 4. Power Projects in Buxar, Bhagalpur and
made several plans for improving the power Lakhisarai : The agreement has been
scenario of the State. To achieve the objectives signed with Satluj Hydro Electric
envisaged in '24 x 7 power for all' and National Corporation for the construction of
Power Policy, the State Government has initiated Greenfield power project at Chausa
actions for extensive expansion for generation (Buxar}, having 2 units of 660 MW each. in
capacity through coal based power plants, hydro addition, agreement has also been signed
power generation and renewable energy with NHPC and NTPC for the construction
generation. It is targeted to achieve a total of 2 green field thermal power plants of 660
generating capacity of 830 M'N by 2016-17, 2650 MW each - the plant in Pirpainti
MW by 2017-18 and 4630 MW by 2021-22. In order (Bhagalpur} will be constructed by NHPC
to meet these objectives, the BSPGCL has entered and that in Kajra (Lakhisarai} by NTPC.
into joint ventures with reputed companies in the
5. Ultra Mega Power Project (Banka} : A
power sector like National Thermal Power
proposal has been sent for the
Corporation (NTPC} and National Hydro Power
establishment of a power project in Banka.
Corporation (NHPC}.
The ministry of power has allocated Barhat
Apart from the three power generation units across and Dhullia Nala Coal block for this project.
Bihar, the work is in progress for some more 2139 acre land of main plant and 235 acre
generating units in Bihar. On completion of all these land for R&R has been identified and the
projects, the dependence of Bihar on the central proposal for land acquisition has been
sector for power will be lessened. The projects are submi tt ed by PFC to Distr i ct
as follows: administration, Banka.
1. Nabinagar Stage- 1 Plant : This project is Power Transmission: Power is supplied to various
located in Aurangabad district. The categories of consumers through a transmission
construction work of 3 units of 660 MW network, which also involves the transmission of
each (1980 MW} is in progress. Out of 1980 high voltage power to lower voltage. The
MW allocation to Bihar is 78.41 % i.e. transmission network serves as an important link
1552.53 MW Expected CoD :- between the generation and distribution of
electricity. The challenges pertaining to the
Unit - I - September 2017, Unit - II - March transmission process are mostly related to the
2018, Unit-lll-September2018. growing needs of the other two segments -
generation and distribution. To meet the growing
2. BRBCL : This project is located in
demand of power, a robust and reliable
Aurangabad District. The construction
transmission network is required, for both inter-
work of 2 units out of 4 units of 250 MW
state and intra-state transmission. The existing
each (1000 MW} has been completed and
transmission system is being strengthened with
remaining two is in progress. Out of 1000
proper planning to cater to the demand for 24 hour
MW allocation to Bihar is 10% i.e. 100 MW
availability of power by all types of consumers.
commercial production from Unit no.-1 has
Presently, about 10588 circuit km EHV (Extra High
started from January 2017. Expected CoD
Voltage} transmission line, 112 grid substations
:-Unit-II -June2017, Unit -Ill-December
with total transformation capacity of 6090 MVA at
2017, Unit- IV-March 2018.
220/132 KV level and 9390 MVA at 132/133 KV level
3. NTPC Barh : It is situated at Barh in Patna comprise the transmission system in Bihar.....
District. The total installed capacity under
Stage - II is 2x660 MW (1320 MW} which is
80 44
Table 7.2: Plan af Action for Strengthening Transmission
Year
I Nos of New Grid Sub-Stations INew Transmission Unes (Circuit Km)
400/220 kv - 0 400 kv-0
220/132/33 kv - 1O Nos 220 kv-240
2017-18
132/33 kb - 26 Nos 132 kv- 330
220 kv-132
220/132/33 kv - 5 Nos 132 kv-105

2018-19 132/33 kv - 7 Nos
400/220/132 Kv-01 Nos 400 kv-18
400/220/1 32/33 Kv - 02 Nos
2019-20 220/132/33 kv - 1 Nos 220 kv-252
220/33 kv - 1 Nos 132 kv-165
Power Distribution: Distribution is an extremely Under Part-A of the erstwhile R-APDRP scheme, the
important component of the whole electricity supply work in 67 towns (excluding 4 franchise towns) is
chain, as this is the only arm that generates under progress. The distribution system is being
revenue. This revenue enables the State strengthened under Part - B of the scheme in 60
Government to improve the supply chain, by towns and under the externally funded scheme in 7
purchasing more electricity from the central pool. towns. The work in 7 towns under the ADB-funded
Thus, a major challenge of the power sector scheme is on the verge of completion. The aim is to
reforms lies in the efficient management of the provide real-time monitoring and control,
distribution sector. The distribution system in Bihar minimizing loss, balancing load, and improving
is being served by two distribution companies - voltage profiles.
NBPDCLand SBPDCL.
Village Electrification: The scheme of Rajiv Gandhi
These companies are serving more than 80 lakhs of Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVVY), as
electricity consumers. The two distribution approved by the Central Government has now been
companies are already implementing several subsumed in the new scheme of the Central
schemes for expanding and strengthening their Government called Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gramin
distribution networks. These ongoing schemes Vidyut Yojana (DDUGVY). This scheme has the
include transformer replacement, procurement of following objectives:
new transformers, replacement of old conductors
of existing high tension {Hl) and low tension (Ll) (i) Separation of agriculture and non-
lines, and construction of new HT and LT lines, agriculture feeders, facilitating judicious
Power System Stabilizers {PSS) and bays. restoring of supply to agricultural and
non-agricultural consumers in the rural
Programs for Electrification and areas.
Distribution Schemes: (ii) Strengthening and augmentation of sub-
transmission and distribution infrastructure
Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS): The in rural areas, including metering of
scheme of R-APDRP has been subsumed in the di strib uti on transformers/feeders/
newly launched Integrated Power Development consumers.
Scheme. It has several components - IT (iii) Rural electrification for completion of the
establishment of distribution sector, strengthening targets laid down under RGGVY by
of distribution network for completion of targets, carrying forward the approved outlay of
strengthening of sub-transmission network in urban RGGVYto DDUGJY.
areas, and metering of distribution
transformer/feeders/consumers in the urban areas.
81
Special Plan (BRGF): The Backward Region Grant Bihar Policy for Promotion of New and Renewable
45
Fund (BRGF) of the Central Government is Energy Sources 2011 : Bihar has considerable
designed to redress reg ional imbalances in potential for New and Renewable Energy sources,
development. This fund provides financial which is yet to be harnessed, the Government of
resources for supplementing and converging Bihar resolved to issue a revised policy for
existing developmental inflows into identified promotion of power generation from various
backward districts. It aims to bridge critical gaps in sources of New and Renewable Energy. The policy
local infrastructure and other development will be applicable for the development of all forms of
requirements that are not being adequately met New and Renewable Energy sources including
through existing inflows. The fund will facilitate biomass & Biomass based projects, cogeneration
participatory planning, decision making, projects, mini/micro/small hydro projects (up to 25
implementation and monitoring, reflecting the MW) wind power projects, solar projects, municipal
locally felt needs. It also helps to improve the solid waste based projects and any other
performance of critical functions by the State renewable resources based projects.
Government.
Bihar State Hydroelectric Power Corporation Limited:
Bihar Renewable Energy Development Agency Aside from thermal power, Bihar also has potential
(BREDA): Most of Bihar's installed generation for generating power from water resources and
capacity is concentrated in thermal power plants. presently, this is being exploited only to some
This not only leads to a concern about the clean extent. The Bihar State Hydroelectric Power
generation of electricity, it also puts a fiscal burden Corporation Umited (BSHPC) was established to
on the State, given that the prices of coal may be oversee expansion of hydroelectric power projects
very volatile. Thus, aside from promoting hydel in the state. During the tenth plan, BSHPC started
power projects, the State Government has also exploring possibilities for major hydel projects in the
created agency called Bihar Renewable Energy state. There are 17 such schemes where the
Development Agency (BREDA), which is exploration work is in progress.
responsible for the development of projects that
Har Ghar Bijli: The main objective of this nishchay is
provides funds for expenditure on subsidies for the
to electrify all un-electrified villages by the end of
schemes and also for the expenditure on
establishments. 2017 and all households by the end of the year
2018. Government from its own resources will
ensure that electricity-connection is provided to
each household.
Expenditure:
Table 7.3: Expenditure on Energy and Power4'
12011-12 I 2012-13 1 2013-14 12014-15 I2015-16 12016-17 (BE)

Total Expenditure
2270 3374 5133 7948 8945 13930
(Rs Crore)
Revenue Expenditure
2168 3200 3236 3773 61 51 5347
(Rs Crore)
Salary Component (%) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Non-Salary Component
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
(%)
Capital Outlay (Rs Crore) 102 174 1897 4175 2794 8583
Capital Outlay (%) 4.5 5. 1 37 .0 52.5 31.2 61.6
" http://energy.bih.nic.in/docs/REP-2011-English.pdf
" Economic survey of Bihar, 2017
82
• 1 ,50,000 solar irrigation pumps to be

VISION:
installed by 2030.
Bihar has adopted a long-term approach for energy • All capacities in terms of human resources
sector to fulfill its vision to provide "Har Ghar Bijli" as and physical resources to be added as the
outlined in 7 Nishchay. The vision roadmap need arise.
supports low carbon pathway to sustain the Double the global rate of improvement in energy
economic growth. The vision focus on increasing efficiency
the number of state-owned power generation
plants, with increased share of renewable energy, • Distribution network efficiency program to
separate feeder for agricultural purpose, Demand- bring down the AT&C losses to 21% by FY
side management by improving the overall 2021-22 and global standard of 6% by 2030.
efficiency in distribution system and strengthening • Bachat Lamp Yojana' of the Bureau of
the distribution companies. This is tune with the Energy Efficiency and State initiative like
vision of SDG i.e. "Ensure access to affordable, ECBC (Building code) to improve energy
reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all." efficiency to 75% by 2022 and 100% by
2030 to be achieved across all consumer
STRATEGY: profiles such as public, commercial,
municipal and buildings.
Along with the existing policy intervention, the
• All municipal towns to have LED street
strategy would be as follows:
lights.
• Ensure universal access to affordable, • Ujjwala' scheme to provide clean and
reliable and modern energy services. universal access of fuel for clean cooking to
• 100% household electrification to be BPL families in Bihar. 100% access to clean
achieved under "Har Gar Bijli" and fuel for cooking must be achieved through
"Deendayal Upadhyay Gram Jyoti Yojna" the State Government's new initiatives.
(DDUGJY) in a phased manner by FY 2018- • Public transport in four towns of Bihar to be
2019. run on CNG by 2022 and rest of the towns
• Dedicated feeder for agriculture and to by2030.
energise of pump sets to provide quality
Clean technology transfer, global cooperation and
supply for irrigation taken up under
improved energy delivery system
DDUGJY scheme and "Agriculture Road
Map". The work of dedicated feeders for • Government of Bihar to continue focusing
agriculture will be completed by 2018-19. on various partnership with the Central
Whereas the work to energize agriculture Government; regional collaboration with
pump sets numbering 794500 by 2021-22. other states; cooperation with bilateral or
• 75% power generation to be achieved multilateral agencies; international finance
through state-owned power plants. corporations such as ADB or World bank.
• Quality 24x7 supply to be achieved through • A massive education drive needed to meet
various programs, including power grid, off- the desired goals, especially on energy
g rid and separate feeder for farms. efficiency and access to modern fuel for
cooking. All sectors related to the energy
Increase substantially the share of renewable
department need to reach out to people to
energy in the global energy mix
make them as stakeholder to achieve the
• 30% increase in renewable energy share by desired result.
2030 through Promotion of New and • Government of Bihar has taken many steps
Renewable Sources Policy 2016 and to improve the delivery system. It is further
National Solar Mission (NSM). proposed to continue or even better the
• Increased share of Decentralized process to optimize the resource utilization.
Renewable Energy System
83
SITUATION ANALYSIS
Sustained and inclusive economic growth is a state GDP followed by primary sector at 21 % and
prerequisite for development. It can significantly the secondary sector at 18%. The contribution of
contribute towards improved livelihoods for people. primary sector has been steadily declining over the
Economic growth can create employment years. At constant 2005-06 prices, the net domestic
opportunities and thus provide an opportunity for product grew from -0.4 point to 9.3 in 8 years in
addressing inequalities. Goal 8 aims to provide Bihar whereas it has gone done from 9.5 point to 4.2
opportunities for full and productive employment point during the same period in India. Hence, it is
and decent work for all while eradicating forced evident that there is a remarkable growth in Bihar in
labour, human trafficking and child labour. the last 10years.
The Government of Bihar remains committed to the It is important to note that the gap between per
motto of good governance and growth with justice capita income of Bihar and National per capita
in its policies and actions. Broadly speaking, the income has kept on widening till ninth plan and from
basic idea has been to ensure adequate benefits 11th plan, gap has started narrowing down. In order
flow to the poor and the marginalized as the to give farther boost to closure of gap between
economy grows. Recognizing that the growth State & National per capita income, it is necessary
process is usually uneven the Government has that State should sustain double digit growth rate.
ensured the need to pay greater attention to
For achieving double digit growth, Bihar needs to
backward regions and districts which may not
share the general improvement in living standards step up substantial investment in Primary,
Secondary & Tertiary sectors. This can be possible
experienced elsewhere. In addition to ensuring
broad-based flow of benefits and economic only by increased public investment, private
investment and investment by banking sector
opportunities to the peoples, the Government has
through increased credit deposit rate.
been emphasizing empowerment and greater
participation of the marginalized through policy The benefits of the growth have been broadly
interventions and programmes. shared: the percentage of people living below the
official poverty line has declined from 54.4% in
Over the past decade, Bihar has established itself
2004-05 to 33.7% in 2011-12. Social outcomes
as one of the fastest growing regions of India.
Political and economic reforms beginning 2005 have witnessed a steady improvement resulting
launched the economy on a higher growth from an increased public investment and better
governance. In 2012-13, the latest year for the
trajectory. During the period 2005-06 to 2014-15,
the economy grew annually at 10.5%, which is Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) data, there were
3347 industrial units in Bihar, compared to 2807
among the highest among the major states of India.
units in 2010-11, implying an increase of 19.2%. The
The services sector contributes around 61 % to the
distribution of factories between agro-based and
86
non-agro based indicates that the share of agro- Cooperative Banks (11) and District Central
based industries in Bihar is lower at 34.1% Cooperative Banks (277) in Bihar in 2014.
compared to 39.5% nationally. This implies that the
potential that Bihar has for agro-based industries is At the end of September 2015, Bihar had 2058
47 Regional Rural Bank branches spread across the
yet to be realized •
State. As on September 2015, the aggregate
The Government remains committed to the deposits of all banks in Bihar were Rs. 220667
promotion of Micro, Small and Medium (MSME) crore, against credit of Rs. 104004 crore, resulting
enterprises. At present, the number of registered in a CD ratio 47.1%, which is substantially higher
micro, small and medium enterprises is - 54 units than 32.1 % in 2005-06. The Self-Help Groups
(medium), 1964 units (small) and 2 lakh units (SHGs) and the SHG-Bank Linkage Programme
(micro). Between 2010-11 and 2014-15, the growth (SHG-BLP) implemented by scheduled
of enterprises has been-315% (medium), 27% commercial banks, Regional Rural Banks and
(small units) and 9% (micro units). The higher Cooperative Banks have emerged as the major
growth of medium enterprises compared to small microfinance programme in the country. Bihar had
and micro enterprises area is a positive trend48• 2.24 lakh SHGs at the end of 2014-15, about 2.9%
of the country's total. The Government has
The combined (female and male) workforce implemented pension and other social security
participation rate in Bihar in 2011 was 33.36. The measures to support the weaker sections of the
female workforce participation rate in rural and society.
50
urban areas was 20.2 and 10.4 respectively, and for

the males it was 46. 7 and 44.9 respectively. In Bihar, Banking sector will need to play a vital role in
the male workforce participation rate at 46.47 is improving investment climate in the State. The
much higher than for females at 19.07. Taking note present credit deposit ratio 32.8% ~ 1 has to catch up
of the scenario the Government has taken a number with the National average of 78.96% to come in
of steps to educate girls so that they could successive years. Increase in spatial density of
productively participate in the economy49 • banking network up to Panchayat level, improved
network of roads and availability and institution
A steady expansion of the financial services reforms will pave the way for improvement in private
through banks and non-bank financial institutions, investment in the State.
commercial banks , Regional Rural Banks,
Cooperative Banks and Micro-finance Institutions is In wake of the initiatives taken by the Government of
important to support the real sector of the economy. India for financial inclusion through Pradhan Mantri
In March 2015, there were 6297 branches of Jan Dhan Yojana, several initiatives had taken place
commercial banks in Bihar out which 58 % were in the State. The status of PMJDY in the State is in
located in rural areas. There were 288 State the figure below:
Fig 8.1: Status of Number of Accounts under

PMJDY In Blhar
• Bfhar
• Indra
Rural (crore) Urban (crore) Totill (crore) Deposit (Rs 000

crore)
"' Economic survey of Blhar, 2016

.. Economic survey ofBlhar, 2016
.., Women and Men in India, 2014, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Gol
'° Economic Survey of Bihar 2016
" Economic Survey of Bihar 2017
87
Keeping in view the potential requirement of skilled Bihar Skill Development Scenario
manpower in the market, the State has inadequate 1
number of technical institutions. High dropout rate Bihar is the 12 h largest state in India and 3rd largest
and low infrastructure of formal vocational training by population (10.41 Cr as per 2011 census).
in the State compels a large proportion of persons Almost 58% of the population is below the age of
in the age-group of 15-29 to join the work force 25; highest proportion in India. The literacy rate in
without any skill training. Bihar has a negligible or a Bihar is 63.82%; Male literacy at 73.39% and
small number of technical institutions, only 0.56% Female literacy at 53.33%. During 1999-00 to 2005-
engineering colleges, 0.76% polytechnic 06, the state income at constant prices grew at an
institutions and 0.05% Ills of the country. Major annual rate of 5. 7%. Post that, the economy
changes in the Indian economy and the witnessed a turnaround and grew at an annual rate
accelerated rate of Industrial growth imply a large of 12%. It has witnessed a spectacular performance
demand for vocational skills. A variety of new that the rate of growth achieved by the economy
services have emerged in financial, health, media, during 2006-13 is not only much higher than what
advertising, urban utilities, agro-food processing, was achieved in previous period, but one of the
telecom sectors and other sectors that require highest among all the Indian states.
52
skilled manpower.
Parameters Bihar
PHhchlm Capital Patna

Ch•mp•r•n
Geographical Area 94,1 63
Purb •
Champaransitama rh (sq km)
Gopa lganj
Sheohar Administrative 38
Supaul Districts (No)
Madhep ur a
Population density 1,102
Saharsa
Purnla
(persons pe r sq km)
Valshall Samastlpur
Buur Bhojpur
Patna BeguHral Khagarla Total Population 104.1
Munge r (million)
Nalanda LAlkhlHral Bhagalpur
Shelkhpura Male population 54.3
jamul (million)
Female population 49.8
(million)
Sex Ratio 916
Literacy rate (%) 63.82
Age pyramid of Bihar
Age not stated

80+
70-79
60-69
50-59
40-49
35-39
30-34
25-29 • Female%
20-24
15-19 • Male%
10-14
05-09
0-4
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
Percent
" Approach to 12th Five Year Plan 2012-17, Government of Bihar
88
According to the Census of India, 2011 , Of the equitable society. Lack of access to employment
approx. 10 crore people about 31 per cent of total lowers self-esteem and leads to denial of basic
population of Bihar is in the age group of below 15 needs of the individual and the family, and can lead
years and 61% of the total population falls in the to social instability. Bihar is suffering from a twin
working age group of 15-59 years. The working age whammy of unemployment and poverty. Close to
group population is sizeable and needs to get half of Bihar's young people depend on farming for
involved in the state's workforce as employment is a living . As in other parts of the country, educated
the main source of livelihood for most of the people. and qualified youngsters are more unemployed in
It is critical to the way women and men live and view Bihar than youth who are illiterate or with low
their lives. A well-nurtured and productive labour education.
force contributes towards a dynamic economy and
Workforce breakup
Workforce Breakup
104099452
67%
33% 69374465
34724987
Population Workers Non workers
In Bihar as per the Census of India, 2011, the percentage of non-workers is approx. 67%. This percentage is
considerably higher for women (approx. 81 %) as opposed to the 54% in men.
Workforce Breakup - Male Workforce Breakup - Female

60000000 60000000
54278157
49821295 81%
50000000 50000000
40000000
40000000
30000000
30000000
20000000
20000000 10000000
10000000 0
Population Workers Non workers
0
Population Workers Non workers • Seriesl
89
In the 33.3% workers of the state the bifurcation based on type of work and category of workers is provided
below
Fig.8.3:Workforce breakup - Category of

Workers
40000000
35000000
30000000
25000000
20000000
15000000
10000000
5000000
0
Workers Main workers Marginal workers
• Male • Female
Workforce Breakup - Type of Work
25000000
15000000
10000000
e Ma~ • Female
The percentage of marginal workers who do not POLICY INTERVENTIONS:

have opportunity to work throughout the year,
among the total workers is considerably high at To improve the employability potential, the
approx. 38.5%. It is also observed that almost 53% Government has been working to impart relevant
of the workers are agricultural labours and a total of skills for smooth absorption in the industry. Given
almost 74% of the workers in Bihar are engaged in the enormity of the challenge the Government has
only agriculture. taken an initiative for a comprehensive skill
development programme in the State in a mission
It is imperative in the context of the economic and mode and created the Bihar Skill Development
social growth of the state that a substantial Mission (BSDM). The mission has set a target of
workforce need to be skilled. training 1O million youth in five years (2013-14 to
90
2017-18). Besides, the Scheme for Community homeless Mahadalit families have been provided
Colleges for University and Colleges, with homestead land. Likewise, there are welfare
Vocationalization of Secondary & Higher schemes for unorganised sector workers like Bihar
Secondary Education, Kasturba Gandhi Balika Shatabdi Asangathit Kamgar/Shilpkar Samajik
53
Vidyalaya are also targeted at skill-formation • Suraksha Yojna, Inter State Migrant Workers
Accident Scheme, Bonded Labour Rehabilitation
Skill Development Trainings by various departments Scheme, and Child Labour Rehabilitation
under different Schemes Scheme.The Minimum Wages Act 1948 and the
Equal Remuneration Act ensure the workers are not
Currently there are 15 departments in Bi har that are
unduly exploited and also that women and men are
working towards the skill development agenda of
paid equallyforsimilarwork55.
the state and are implementing various skill
development schemes for different target groups Over the years in Bihar, there has been remarkable
as per their own guidelines. There are progress in the energy sector. Today on an average
approximately 45 schemes I trainings currently 22-24 hours of electricity in district headquarters
being run in Bihar by the various departments under and 14 hours in the rural areas is being supplied.
which a total of 179 courses are being offered for Since 2006, 66508.46 km of state highway (SH),
skill development. major district road (MDR) & rural roads has been
constructed/ improved. Also, over 4500 small I
Additionally, to serve the needs of those coming
large bridges have been constructed under the
from weaker and marginalized sections the 56
Mukhyamantri Setu Nirman Yojana (MSNY) •
Government has launched a number of targeted
schemes. The State Government started the However, though faster growth has played a critical
ambitious 'Hunar' programme in 2008 for imparting role in raising the living standards in general, there
skills to girls from the Muslim community. The Bihar exists stark urban-rural disparity and inter district
State Rural Livelihood Mission (JEEVIKA) aims at variation. The per-capita income of the poorest
social and economic empowerment of the rural district of Bihar is roughly one-sixth of the richest
poor by creating self-employment opportunities. district. Further, the economy continues to remain
The promotion of girls' education, skill-formation primarily agrarian with slow pace of urbanization.
and political and economic empowerment of the Besides, the pace of industrialization is also slow as
women has been accorded top priority by the manufacturing sector contributes merely 4% to the
Government. So has been the commitment to uplift state GDP and large scale industries are virtually
the weaker and marginalized sections of society absent in Bihar. The limited industrial landscape is
and eliminate completely the practice of child dominated by small firms where wages are
labour in the econom/4. 57
relatively low and job security minimal . The annual
growth rate of Bihar of GSDP at current price in per
Under the scheme of Bihar Mahadalit Vikas Yojana,
cent is as follows:
Tabla 8.1: Annual growth rate o1 GSDP at Current Price
Annual growth rate of GSDP at current price (%) - Bihar 2013-14 20 14-15 2010-11 to 2005-06 to
2014-15 201 4-15
Primary 3.3 12.6 14.2 16.1
Secondary 20.3 16.8 14.6 21.6
Tertiary 22.7 18.9 22 20.6
Total GSDP 17 17.1 18.6 19.5
Per Capita GSDP 15.6 15.7 17.1 17.9
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, GoB
" Detail Note in respect of Physical and Financial Target Mapping for Sustainable Development Goals, SDG No 8, Labour Resource Department
54
Action Plan for Mission Manav Vikas, Department of Planning and Development, Government of Bihar
'" See the site of Department of Labour Resources, Government of Bihar
,. Report Card, Development with Justice,(2005-2015), Government of Bihar
., Economic Survey of Bihar, 2016
91
assessment and certification bodies and other

VISION: stakeholders. The vision links skills development to
Government of Bihar is committed for redistributive improved employability and productivity in paving
justice of economic growth. The motto of the the way forward for inclusive growth in the State.
government is "Growth with Justice". Government The skill strategy is complemented by specific
of Bihar's Vision is in tune with SDG i.e. promote efforts to promote self-emp l oyment /
sustained , inclusive and sustainable economic entrepreneurship in order to create ample
growth, full and productive employment and decent opportunities for the skilled workforce.
work for all. The major paradigms and enablers to realize the
vision of skilling Bihar as stated in this document
STRATEGY: are:
As India moves progressively towards becoming a a. Capadty Building

global knowledge economy, the challenge is to
meet the rising aspirations of its youth and at the • Departmental Capacity: Institutional
same time, increasing the skilled HR asset strengthening of the various departments
commensurate to the desired growth rate. This can involved in skill development through PMU
be partially achieved through focus on set ups, capacity building I orientation
advancement of skills that are relevant to the workshops of nodal officers for focused
emerging economic environment. The challenge approach. Another important strategy on
pertains not only to a huge quantitative expansion this account is the activation and utilization
of the facilities for skill training, but also to the of the district skill development committee.
equally important task of raising their quality, to • Financial capacity: Bringing in additional
match it to the demand. funds through implementation of centrally
Recognizing the imperative need for skil l sponsored schemes currently not being
development, Bihar Skill Development vision and implemented in Bihar, additional funds from
realization strategy has been formulated for the State plan to achieve skill development
period 2016 - 2020. Given the vast paradigm shift in targets and exploring other funding
the skilling and entrepreneurship ecosystem in the sources.
country and the experience gained through • Training Capacity: Creation and use of
implementation of various skill development infrastructure in both public and private
programmes, there is an imminent need to domain through appropriate support. For
establish and realizing an all-encompassing skill ensuring greater accessibility, equity and
development vision. quality, a targeted approach of Skill
The primary objective of this skill development Development Centre (SDC) empanelment
vision is to meet the challenge of skilling at scale to ensure requisite infrastructure. There will
with speed, standard (quality) and sustainability. It also be a provision of Leasing out
aims to provide an umbrella framework to all skilling government space on full time or part time
activities being carried out within Bihar, to align basis.
them to common standards and link skilling with b. Standardized Processes/ Frameworks/
demand centres. In addition to laying down the Mechanism I Cost norms
objectives and expected activities, the document
also identifies the overall ecosystem which will act • Creation of a process I operation guideline
as a vehicle to reach the expected outcomes. Skills across all the various phases of the skill
development is the shared responsibility of the key development value chain to govern all the
stakeholder s viz. Government of Bihar, the entire schemes in order to roll out the skill
spectrum of corporate sector, community based development efforts in a standardized
organizations, Bihar Skill Development Mission manner ensuring quality of training across
(BSDM), Departments in Bihar implementing skill the State.
development endeavours, training providers,
92
c. Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) framework • Formation of Sectoral Mentor groups to

advise on development I updating of course
• Creation of a robust and exhaustive curriculum and suggest on improving
mechanism for monitoring all skill training, quality of trainers, placements etc.
development programs being implemented
in the state to ensure compliance to quality • Use of exhaustive ICT platform: An
standards and guidelines and take timely exhaustive ICT platform for training delivery,
and informed corrective measure. An ICT training process enablement and training
based platform will be used to monitor the monitoring will be put in place and will be
progress along with conventional method of used across all the skill development
monitoring and assessment of the programmes in the State.
progress.
• Mobilization, Registration and Retention: An
d. Assessment & Certification exhaustive mobilization campaign will be
run in the State prior to online registrations
• Creation of a robust and reliable system of of the interested candidates. To ensure
assessment and certification retention and increase the stake of the
• BSDM to act as an assessment & beneficiaries in the trainings a refundable
certification agency for non MES/ QP based security deposit will be charged from the
course beneficiaries. There will also be a provision
of stipend for some severely disadvantaged
• The skill development ecosystem will
groups. BSDM shall endeavour to create a
endeavour to move towards on-line
cadre of counsellors at the GP, Block and
assessment and certification.
District levels
• BSDM will also endeavour to create a pool
of assessors comprising of staff from the f. Post Training Placement
state's educational institutions and the ex-
• Creation of Industry linkages to facilitate
servicemen.
placement
e. Ensuring Quality of training • Job-fairs I Apprenticeship fairs to further
bolster placements.
• Quality of training capacity - SDCs with
requisite infrastructure only to be • Specific livelihood generation interventions
empanelled. for certain disadvantaged groups
• Promotion of self-employment and
• Quality of Trainers - All the trainers under
fostering of the entrepreneurial spirit
any of the programmes will mandatorily
have to be certified through a trainer • Developing employment exchanges to
programme in training pedagogy and I or facilitate placements
domain specific knowledge to further impart • Facilitation and fostering of Self-
training. There will be a provision of periodic employment and Entrepreneurship
refresher training for the certified trainers.
g. Migration Support I Source Centres (MSC)
• Standardized Courses - Market relevant
and demand driven courses will be offered • Creation of Migration Source centres to
post stakeholder consultations. The course assist the probable migrants of Bihar to
offerings would include MES, QP based, make an informed migration.
Non MES or QP based courses, BBOSE
• Creation of Migration support centres to
prescribed courses, other courses
assist the migrated workforce at destination
approved by BSDM due to state level end.
relevance such as local craft courses,
courses having local employment
generation potential, etc.
93
h. Innovative Skill Development Models And development by the process of Broad-

Other Skill Development Models Based On Best Streaming.
Practices
• Ensure every person joining the labour force
• Kushal Yuva Programme to bolster is equipped with relevant skills; to further
employability of the youth of Bihar strengthen the Skill Development Programs
and provide the domain skills through the
• Recognition of Prior learning for formal Recruit-Train-Deploy (RTD) model.
acknowledgement of experience,
specifically in the unorganized sector. • Establish Model Career Centre across the
major cities in the State to connect the job-
• Amalgamation of the CSR initiatives in the seekers with job-givers through the use of
State of Bihar under the ambit of Bihar Skill technology, counseling and training; and
development Vision also the periodic organization of Vocational
Guidance-cum-Job Fair Program
• Recognition of Skill certification by Industry
and Government support • Establish Overseas Placement Bureau to
take full advantage of a globalizing world by
• Integration of Skill development with formal
supplying labourer from Bihar in demand-
education
driven economies and cities.
• Upgradation of ITls in PPP mode
• Promote further financial inclusion by
• Skill championship creating more financial institutions in rural
areas and strengthening the SHG model to
• Training of jail inmates empower women and minorities and those
from the weaker sections.
• Implementation of Revenue based model
bySDCs • Improve the workforce participation rate of
women by further strengthening their skills
• Ensure all the three sectors of the economy
and educational base and also ensuring
grow at higher rates particularly the
their safety at the workplace by better
agriculture and allied sectors by adopting
implementation of laws and creating special
the strategy of Rainbow Revolution.
grievance redressal mechanism.
• Ensure faster pace of industrialization of
• Create a more dynamic labour market in the
labour: intensive sectors like tourism by
economy by implementing necessary
further removal of infrastructural
reforms and adopting best practices and
bottlenecks through sustained investment
also protecting the rights of labour.
and also by creating a more conducive
business environment. • Promote need-based training program,
such as, rural engineer or barefoot engineer
• Identify the sectors particularly the Agro-
scheme, will be started to train the rural
based industries that can serve as the pivot
youth in those skills which may assist in self-
around which inclusive growth could be
employment. Such skills may be repair and
created.
maintenance of agriculture implements
• Create Growth-Clusters to sustain the such as hand pumps, plumbing,
growth momentum and promote regional electrification works, TV and mobile repairs
and balanced development. etc. This will particularly help in employment
generation in rural areas. For this purpose,
• Further identify the economically backward Mukhyamantri Rural Kaushal Vikash Yojna
districts and socio-economic groups and has been started.
work for their holistic and sustained
94
SITUATION ANALYSIS
Goal 9 focuses on the promotion of infrastructure inclusive economic development of the State.
development, industrialization and innovation. This Though Bihar is primarily an agrarian state, the
can be accomplished through enhanced contribution of secondary sector, i.e. industries, to
international and domestic financial, technological inclusive economic development of the State is of
and technical support, research and innovation, equal importance. The State Government has taken
and increased access to information and a series of measures to further improve the
communication technology. Industrialization has an investment climate in the State and envisages
important role to play in the economic development achieving the industrial development growth rate of
of the state with huge manpower and large and 15% per annum. The main strategy for achieving
varied resources. Industries play an important role this is by focusing on development of support
in the rapid growth of income. It is because those infrastructure, prioritizing core sectors of future
productive rates are higher in industry than in development with emphasis on advanced
agriculture. At the same time, industries are also technology, skill development, a modified
important to absorb the surplus labour. Industries structured package of assistance and balanced
are also capable of utilizing resources present in the regional development, i.e. uniformly extending the
economy. benefits of investment to all geographical areas of
the State.
The Government of Bihar is committed for the
Table 9.1: Annual Growth Rate of Secondary Sector in Bihar at 2011-12 prices'"
Sector Annual Growth Rate
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Mining & Quarrying 8.94 540.62 - 54.64 9.38
Manufacturing -33.76 94.49 0.62 24.41
Construction -5.22 6.46 0.82 5.49
Electricity/VVater Supply/Gas 9.80 2.76 33.42 15.13
Total Secondary Sector -13. 14 30.62 1.86 13.38
Total GSDP 3.93 4.98 13.02 7.14
,. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, GoB, Economic Survey of Bihar 2017
98
The level of industrialization in Bihar is very low and the contribution of this sector to the state's GSDP
stands at 19.3 % in 2015-16, compared to the national average of 31.3% in 2015-16. Since the contribution
of the industrial sector to GSDP in Bihar stands nearly unaltered at 19 %, it is obvious that whatever modest
structural change that Bihar's economy has shown in recent years is due to the higher growth rate of its
tertiary sector.
Tabla 9.2: Contribution of Industrial Sector in GSDP at 2011-12 Prices611
2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Bihar 17.9 19.0

19.B
India 31.6 31.2 31.3
According to the Annual Survey of Industries, in over the past few years has been the result of
2012-13 there were 3347 manufacturing units in comprehensive, home-grown reform program
Bihar in comparison to 2807 units in 2010-11, initiated by the government. These reforms ranged
implying an increase of 19.2%, which was more from changes in managing public finance and
than the national average of 8.6%. In the year 2012- reforming government expenditures, public
13, 2946 factories were in operation, which was investments in building infrastructure, and most
88.1 % of the registered factories. The importantly revamping the law and order
corresponding ratio for the nation was much lower machinery. All these changes have provided an
at80.1%. enabling environment for private investment in the
State.
The number of registered micro, small and medium
enterprises is 54 units (medium), 1964 units (small) Bihar also has a unique location specific advantage
and 2 lakh units (micro) at present. Between 2010- because of its proximity to the vast markets of
11 and 2014-15, in a period of five years, the growth Eastern and Northern India, access to ports such as
of enterprises has been 315% (medium units), 27% Kolkata and Haldia and to raw material sources and
(small units) and 9% (micro units). During 2014-15, mineral reserves from the neighbouring states.
a total of 574.45 lakh quintal of sugarcane was Bihar is endowed with water resources - both
crushed in Bihar, providing 52.67 lakh quintal of ground and surface water. Ganga is the main river
sugar. The production of sugar was about 11 % less that flows through the State, joined by tributaries
than in 2013-14. The number of milk cooperative that originate in the Himalayas. Some of the major
societies in 2014-15 was 18.4 thousand, of which rivers are Gandak, Budhi Gandak, Bagmati, Kamla
14.2 thousand were working and 5.8 thousand were and Koshi. The State has a large base of cost
registered. The number of working cooperatives effective, industrial labour making it an ideal
has increased by 12.1%in2014-15 over the year. destination for a wide range of industries. Food
processing, dairy, manufacturing, healthcare are
POLICY INTERVENTIONS some of the fastest growing industries in the state.
The State has planned initiatives for the
The Government of Bihar launched Industrial Policy, development of other sectors such as agriculture
2006 and 2011 which not only created an implements and small machine manufacturing,
atmosphere for industrial development in Bihar but tourism, information technology, renewable energy
also attracted investments to some extent despite etc.
challenges on infrastructure front. The most crucial
role, these policies played was to provide a Bihar is aggressively working on developing
launching pad for further policies. supporting infrastructure in the State. In the
absence of adequate roads no state can amplify its
Industrial Policy of Bihar, 2016: The scale and economic growth. The State Government has
pace of economic change that Bihar has witnessed resolved to connect the capital city of Patna to the
'°Central Statistical Organization (CSO),Economic Survey of Bihar, 2017
97
remotest area in the State, so that people can reach Bihar is progressively adopting practices to create
the capital within a maximum of six hours from any an investor friendly environment in the State, so as
place. Government has also adopted the Bihar to facilitate investments. Some of the key reform
Road Resource Protection Policy, 2013 to ensure measures taken are implementation of UDYOG
better maintenance of the growing road network. SAMWAD portal for grievance redressal; effective
Golden Quadrilateral Highway that passes through implementation of single window system,
Bihar is in close proximity to some of the districts of development of an online inspection system;
Bihar i.e. Kaimur, Sasaram, Aurangabad, Gaya and provision of submission of single integrated return
Patna. under various labour laws; differentiated
compliance inspection requirement based on risk
This serves as a high logistical advantage in profile of industries; provision of synchronized/joint
catering to the markets within as well as in the inspection under various labour laws etc.
adjoining states of Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal,
Orissa and Jharkhand. It provides connectivity to The present policy aims at creating industry-friendly
major industrial, agricultural and cultural centres of environment for maximizing investment, especially,
India. Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor passes in priority sector i.e. food processing; tourism; small
through the State and would connect Bihar with machine manufacturing; IT, ITeS, electrical and
West Bengal, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana electronic hardware manufacturing; textile; plastic
and Punjab and is expected to be immensely and rubber; renewable energy; leather and
beneficial for industries in the State. It would technical education sector. The overall objective is
facilitate the transport of finished products to ports to maximize the value addition to State's natural
in Bay of Bengal in lesser time; thereby bringing resources by setting up industries across the state,
down the transportation cost, significantly. State generating revenue and creating employment. It is
Government has embarked on an ambitious plan to expected that implementation of the policy will
add substantial electricity generating capacity in facilitate industrialization of the state, generate
the next few years. Bihar State Power Generation employment and add to its overall growth.
Corporation Limited has entered into joint ventures
with National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) Subsidy Under Industrial Policy: Time to time
and National Hydro Power Corporation (NHPC). Industrial Policies have been declared for rapid
Some of the major power sector projects in the industrialization in the State. Under this different
State is also on the verge of commissioning. On the type of incentive/exemption facilities for industries
completion of these projects, Bihar will become to accelerate industrial development and to attract
self-sufficient in meeting its power requirements. investments in includes pre-production incentive,
post-production incentives, industrial sickness,
For the industrialization of the State, availability of facilities for expansion diversification and
land is an important factor. Consequently, land modernization of unit, incentive on quality
acquisition assumes greater significance and it certification, for ISO equivalent information
necessitated the establishment of a land bank for technology mission, Handloom sector,
which a corpus fund with a limit of INR 1500 crore Implementation of Reservation Policy.
was mooted. Later, this limit was raised to INR 2500
crore to meet the increasing demand of land by Bihar Start Up Policy, 2017 : Under one of the 7
industries and other allied sectors. There has been Nishchay, 'Aarthik Hal, Yuvaon Ko Bal' for speedy
large scale change in industrial development due to industrial development in the state, Bihar Start Up
economic liberalization, privatization and Policy, 2017 has been launched with a view to
globalization. Strong emphasis is being placed on facilitate and attract the people to initiate industrial
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME). development in the state. Further, Bihar Industrial
Cluster based development is being promoted by Investment Promotion Act, 2016 has been
the State Government and it is in the process of promulgated to simplify the process of investing in
setting up specialized clusters for development of Industry. Under this Act, a common application
leather, small machinery, plastics, garments, jute & form from the industrial unit can be received online.
textiles, and food processing to boost the The State Investment Promotion Council will have to
manufacturing sector and well-being of MSME give its approval within 30 days of receipt of the
entrepreneurs.
98
application. Infrastructure Development Authority: IDA has

been constituted under the chairmanship of the
The Start-Up Policy tries to address the specific Chief Secretary, Government of Bihar under the
needs of a new industrial unit. Start-Up has been Bihar State Infrastructure Development Enabling
defined as an entity, registered in Bihar not prior to Act 2006 to provide for the rapid development of
five years, with an annual turnover not exceeding Rs physical and social infrastructure in the State and to
2.5 crore in any preceding financial year. It should attract private sector participation in designing,
be working towards innovation, development, financing and construction of Infrastructure
deployment or commercialization of new products, projects. It is the nodal agency for PPP initiative in
processes or service, driven by technology or the State.
intellectual property. The Bihar Start-Up Policy has
been designed to rest on four pillars, YUVA - Y Land availability is a major concern in the
standing for 'yes to start-ups' through awareness, establishment of the projects. A land bank has been
networking and mentoring campaign, U standing established in IDA to ensure timely acquisition of
for 'unleashing regulatory enablers' for supporting Land and providing immediate fund for land
start-ups, V standing for 'vibrancy in education acquisition.
system' to encourage and facilitate start-ups, and
finally, A standing for 'access to financing and Food Park: For the promotion of food-park, a food
incubation support'. park at Bwrar has been approved. For the
preservation of the consumable foods, cold
Under this Start-Up policy, the state government storage scheme is being implemented by the state
has established a Trust with an initial corpus fund of government. This scheme provides a subsidy of
Rs 500 crore, known as Venture Capital Fund. The 30% of the capital expenditure of the cold storage
trust shall act as the nodal agency for the with a capacity of 5-10 thousand tonnes. For the
implementation of the policy. This Policy provides promotion of dairy industry in the state, Bihar State
for single window clearance system and Loan Milk Cooperative Federation (COMFED) was
availabilty up to Rs. 10 Lakh without any interest. established in 1983. COMFED is working
continuously toward white revolution in the state.
Prime Minister's Employment Generation COMFED has also contributed much towards
Program (PMEGP) aims at generating enhancing the income level of rural households,
employment opportunities by providing bank particularly small and marginal farmers.
credit, especially to the traditional artisans. Under
Tasar Development Scheme: For realizing the
the directorate of food processing, integrated
potential of sericulture in the State, Chief Minister
development project is being implemented which
Tasar Development Scheme was initiated in 2012-
provides subsidy. The ongoing subsidy for the
13. This scheme is being implemented in tasar
cluster scheme is payable at 40% and for individual
intensive districts such as Banka, Munger, Nawada,
units it is 35%. An additional 5% subsidy is payable
Kaimur, Jamui and Gaya and some water-logged
for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, women
areas in North Biharwhere plantation of Arjuna and
and handicapped entrepreneurs.
Asan trees are feasible.
Bihar Industrial Area Development Udyog Mitra: In order to help and promote
Authority: The Bihar Industrial Area Development prospective entrepreneurs, the institution of Udyog
Authority (BIADA) was constituted under the Mitra has been constituted under the Department of
statutory provision of Bihar Industrial Area Industries. The Udyog Mitra prepared monitoring
Development for promoting industrialization in the reports of the schemes being implemented through
state. BIADA is a pioneering agency for acquiring the District Industries Centre (DIC).
land to be allotted to the investors for establishing
the units after developing necessary infrastructures District Industries Centre (DIC): The District
like roads, power, water, etc. This program is carried Industries Centers (DIC) was established with a
out through its four regional offices at Patna, view to tender all possible help in setting up of
Darbhanga, Muzaffarpur and Bhagalpur. industries, particularly the medium, small and micro
units in different districts. The DICs are also
99
involved as a major agency in the implementation of • Investing in skill development and technical
Prime Minister Employment Generation Program education so as to make Bihar the preferred
(PMEGP) and they account for more than 80% of source for skilled manpower - for which an
the total 155 disbursement of money to the acute shortage has been forecasted not only in
beneficiaries. different parts of the country but even markets
abroad.
Bihar Foundation: Bihar foundation has been
constituted to create a conducive atmosphere for • Creating preference for Micro, Small and
industrialization in the state as well as to increase Medium Enterprises (MSME) in view of their
investment from NRI specially the Bihari limited requirement of land, and their capacity
community. The foundation will work as a to absorb more labor per unit of capital and
coordinating forum and link between the non- energy.
resident Bihari's/NRls and the State Government. It
would also act as a think tank for the State • Encouraging cluster development in MSME
Government with respect to development of sectors.
projects to be undertaken in assistance with non- • Emphasizing on industries that rely on local
resident Bihari's and NRl's. production, local skills and local consumption.
VISION: • Providing preference to low energy and non-

polluting industries.
"To establish Bihar as the most preferred
• Encouraging large scale industrial units in the
investment destination by leveraging the state's
proposed Integrated Manufacturing Cluster
comparative advantages and maximizing
under the proposed Amritsar-Kolkata-lndustrial
employment opportunities for attaining a balanced
Corridor (AKIC}. While, the State Government
regional and sustainable development." This is in
will assist investors in finding suitable land for
sync with the vision of SDG i.e. Build resilient
setting up units, they will be expected to find
infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable
land on their own for units outside these
industrialization and foster innovation.
designated areas.
STRATEGY: • Encouraging new investment in developing

heritage tourism for which the state offers
The Government of Bihar will work with investors tremendous opportunities.
who share the vision of the future of Bihar as a
vibrant economy, ready to take off on the path of • Investments in developing new facilities and/or
sustained development. In particular, our strategy managing existing facilities under PPP mode
willconsistofthefollowing: will be encouraged
• Encouraging investments that add value to the • Promoting developing of ancillary units to cater
farm produce and increase the income of the to the upcoming investments in public and
cultivators through processing and private sector
preservation of food crops, particularly
• Establishing the Udyog Samwad Portal, a stop
vegetables and fruit crops.
platform for investors to resolve
• Utilizing the traditional skills of artisans by problems/difficulties faced in establishment of
finding a wider market for handloom and industrial projects in the State.
handicrafts.
100
SITUATION ANALYSIS
Goal 1Ocalls for reducing inequalities in income, as jobs and reduce the inequality in employment and
well as those based on sex, age, disability, race, incomes, and so on. This goal has multiple
class, ethnicity, religion and opportunity--Ooth dimensions that are covered in other goals as well.
within and among countries. It also aims to ensure So, it would be Important to begin an exploration of
safe, orderty and regular migration and addresses the regional scenario of development in less
issues related to representation of developing developed states and all-India by looking at the
countries in global decision-making and trends of certain indices - socio-economic
development assistance. Inequality is multifaceted deprivation (poverty, literacy, per capita income and
in nature. There is inequality in income; but there is work participation rate), and basic facilities (health
also inequality in educalional attainment, health and educational institution, road network, electricity
status, employment, access to food, access to availability, and banking facilities) that articulate
water, access to social security and, in general, reg ional disparity. Figure 1O.1 reflects the
access to opportunities and choices. consumption pattern of bottom 20 % rural
population of Bihar and India and it clearty exhibits
These different aspects of inequality are interlinked; that Bihar has marginal edge for this indicator over
improved access to water and sanitation may help the national average.
reduoe inequality in health outcomes, improved
educational attainment may help people find better
1'1111110.1: Parcanblge Sllare ii Consumption of Bottom 20% of Population. 2009-10 - 2011-12. Bihar & India
Percentage Share in Consumption of Bottom

20 % of Population (URP-Rural)
12 10.97 11.1
10
• Bihar
8
O lnclia
6
2
0
2009-10 2011-12
102
The comparisons have to be made over time, and, in India were having electricity as main source of
hence, it would be appropriate to compute relative lighting in 2011.
measures rather than absolute ones, since 1he
average income figures have gone up significantly As per National Family Health Survey-4, only 63.8%
over the years. However, disparities among 1he of the population were having Institutional delivery
states is also widening gradually. Further, same in Bihar as compared to 78.9% for India. Similarly,
indices have been taken for 1he regional inequality 61.7 %children in Bihar age 12-23 months were fully
within the state. immunized in Bihar; which was almost equal to the
national figure (62.0%)
Inter-state Inequality : Inter-state Inequality can be
seen from the following comparison: As Per Economic Survey of Bihar, 2016 in Bihar road
length per lakh population is 189.5 Kms in 2013,
Bihar had 358.15 Lakh of the poor, constituting which is almost half ofthe national average of 357.6
13.28% of the total poor in the country, second to kms.
Uttar Pradesh (598.19 Lakh, 22.17% of all-India} in
2011-12. Hovvever, the reduction of poverty in Bihar The poverty reduction and increase in per capita
is highest among the states, from 54.4% in 2004-05 income shows the inclusive growth in 1he state. Yet,
to 33.74% in 2011-12. Poverty in India in 2004-05 some big push in investment is required, to free
was37.2%and21.9%in2011-12. The comparative Bihar economy from its present low level.
change in Bihar and India over 2004-05 to 2011-12 In spite of achieving a double-digit growth rate in
periodwas20.74% and 15.3% consecutively. the past many years because of good governance,
In case of literacy in Bihar, it has increased 1he Biharis below the national average in terms of major
highest in the country and reached 61.8% in 2011 development indices like Poverty Line, Per Capita
from 47.0% in 2001. The all-India figure for literacy Income, Industrialization and Social and Physical
was 74.04% in 2011 and 64.84% in 2001. Increase Infrastructure. There is no doubt that there are many
in Bihar State is 14.8% in comparison to that of India backward States like ours. In order to bail out such
i.e. 9.2% for the above-mentioned period (2001- states from the morass of backwardness and bring
2011). them at par with the national average in
development indices, Bihar has been demanding
In 2004-05, the per capita income of Bihar was an affirmative policy intervention. It has been
33.0% of all-India average; in 2014-15, this ratio observed that States with special status have
went up to 40.6%.00 Per Capita Income of Bihar is shown better progress in development parameters.
consistently on an increasing trend but 1he ratio of Hence, it is essential to grant special status to Bihar
Per Capita Income of Bihar to All-India Per Capita and other backward states in order to fetch them
Income has remained stagnant at around 34% to out of backwardness, and help them to achieve the
35%. national average in terms of development indices.
In 1his regard, we have been consistently placing
The work participation rate (WPR) in Bihar was our demands before 1he Union Government.
33.4% in 2011, whereas it was 39.8% at 1he National
level. In this context, attention is drawn towards the
recommendations of the Raghuram Rajan
As per Census of India, in the year 2001, 21.3% of Committee, constituted by the Union Government,
the households in Bihar and 35.5% household in wherein, he has propounded indicators for overall
India were availing banking services. Similarly, in development of states and on this basis has
the year 2011, 44.1 % households in Bihar and identified ten extremely backward states in the
58.7% households in India were availing banking country and Bihar is one among them. It is
services. mentioned that in order to facilitate the rate of
As per census of India, 10.3 % households in Bihar development in the extremely backward states, the
and 55.8% households in India were having Union Government can provide additional Central
electricity as main source of lighting in 2001 and Assistance in other ways. In this backdrop, it is
16.4% households in Bihar and 67.2% households desirable that the Union Government increase the
central share to 90% in the Centrally Sponsored
tteconomrc Survey of Blhar, 2016
103
Schemes for the extremely backward states so that measures of reform to ensure good governance
these states get an opportunity to utilize their Ii mited including focus on inclusive development. As a
resources for other development and welfare result, it has grown consistently at higher than
schemes. Along with this, these states should be national average and in some of the years its growth
provided with a waiver in the direct and indirect the rate has been highest among states. Despite this,
Central Taxes so that the flow of private investment Bihar remains at the bottom in most of the socio-
increases and new avenues of employment are economic parameters because the per capita
generated. public investment remains low. The State
Government is aware that the effort of the
Although the tax transfers to the States have Government has to be supplemented more and
increased from 32% to 42% on the basis of the more by the private sector investment. It is also a
111
recommendations of the 14 Finance Commission, historical fact, that private sector investments have
the parameters formulated by the Commission for a tendency towards concentration in the same
the horizontal distribution of funds among the area, to reap the benefits of scale economies and
States has resulted in a huge difference. For the availability of the supporting ancillaries and the
example, it was estimated that, as per the formula of other infrastructure.
the 13111 Finance Commission, which provided for
32% of the joint share of the States, Rs 42,508 Crore This naturally benefits the developed regions and
was expected to accrue to Bihar in the financial year developed states. This circle can only be broken
2015-16 on the basis of a 15% annual incremental and investment attracted to backward regions, if
rise as witnessed in the past. On the basis of and only if we provide special incentives for those
recommendation of 141h Finance Commission as investing in these regions. This is particularly
per the new formula, Bihar actually received Rs important for states having no mineral resources or
48,923 crore by way of its own share of central taxes ports and which are land-locked. Special Category
in the financial year 2015-16. Thus, there was an status to Bihar will enhance the availability of
increase of only 16% in case of Bihar where as other resources by lowering the State contribution in
States gained at least 35% from the increased centrally sponsored schemes, improve access to
transfers. In light of the recommendations of the 14th external resources, act as a catalyst for private
Finance Commission, it is of utmost importance investment based on tax breaks and concessions
that this gross disparity should be kept in mind. and act as a spur to employment generation,
improve life quality and further accelerate the
It is a matter of concern for a backward state like growth momentum by supporting higher public
Bihar that the allocation of funds based on the outlays coupled with private investment. It is for
formula of the 14th Finance Commission has these reasons that Bihar has been demanding
resulted in the reduction of share of Bihar from Special Category status, without which the growth
10.9% to 9.665%. While designing the formula, the rates achieved so far during last 12 years will be
Finance Commission has given a preference to the impossible to sustain.
total area and existence of natural forests while
ignoring the specific problems of States with high Intra-State Inequality : Disaster risks in Bihar
population density and landlocked conditions like emanate from the interplay of multiple contributing
Bihar. Rather than encouraging the efforts of Bihar factors. The state is prone to natural hazards
to increase its green cover, the State has been including floods, earthquakes; drought, cyclonic
ignored on this account. In addition to this, the storms, fire, hailstorms, lightning, heat wave, and
recurring floods in rivers, originating in Nepal, cold wave (see maps below). The prevalence,
resulting in huge loss of life and property putting the frequency and severity of these hazards vary
State under financial burden has also not been across the 38 districts. Out of these 38 districts, 28
accounted for. Bihar is extremely backward from the districts are flood prone with major flood events
view point of physical and social infrastructure and occurring in 2004, 2007, 2011, 2013, and a breach
its per capita income is much less as compared to induced flooding in 2008. Areas typically not
the national average. It is essential to take into experiencing floods hitherto in the state have also
consideration these special needs of the State of started experiencing occasional floods especially
Bihar. in areas lying in southern Bihar. A unique paradox is
witnessed in Bihar wherein flood and drought
The State Government of Bihar has initiated various events occur in the same year (2013) and
104
sometimes in the same district. Though districts rural population to improve their livelihoods. The
lying on the south of Ganges are considered vulnerability to income and consumption shocks
drought prone, of late the incidence of drought has makes it imperative to develop formal agriculture
even spread to North Bihar as evidenced from insurance mechanisms to cope with such risks.
drought being declared in 26 districts in 2009, all 38
districts in 2010 and 33 districts in 2013. Further, the The objective of the Agriculture Policy in the state is
years 2012, 2014 and 2015 were no better than the to increase productivity of major crops to bring it
drought years because Bihar experienced irregular close to national average. Opening up of markets
and erratic rainfall during these years. has necessitated increased production at
competitive prices. Adapting as well popularizing
In March 2015, extensive crop damage was caused proven Research and Development efforts is also
due to unseasonal rainfall and hailstorm. As important.
regards earthquake, 8 districts fall in seismic zone V
of which 2 districts (Madhubani and Supaul) fall Two strategies adopted for increasing agriculture
entirely in seismic zone V; 30 districts fall in seismic production and productivity are research and
zone IV and seismic zone Ill, with most districts extension i.e. from labs to farms. Delivery systems
falling under multiple seismic zones. In the year to make available quality seeds, pesticides and
1934, 1988 and 2015 major earthquake events extension system to farmers are also being
have occurred in Bihar resulting in severe strengthened.
destruction and loss of lives and property. Major Goals of Agriculture Road Map (2012-17) are :
Intermittent tremors are experienced in the northern
part of the State with intensity and frequency of the • Increase in farmer's income
same increasing since 2013. During the Nepal • Food security
earthquakes of April-May 2015, Bihar experienced
• Nutritional security
three major shocks and many tremors during the
months of April and May 2015 resulting in 59 deaths • To create gainful employment and to check
and economic damage occurring mainly in rural migration
81
parts of northern-Bihar. • To ensure equitable farm agriculture growth
with focus on gender and human aspects
POLICY INTERVENTIONS: • Conservation and sustainable use of natural
resources
State Government has implemented many
programs to address the issue of poverty, social • One product from Bihar in every Indian's plate
and economic development and infrastructural
development in the state. Several programmes 7 Nischaya Program
have been implemented for addressing equality Nishchay-1: Aa.rhik Hal, Youvaon Ko Bal
among gender, social group, age, disability, religion
and economic status. The State Government and These schemes includes: -
the Central Government have taken lots of strides
towards reducing disparity. Important programs in I. Bihar Student Credit Card Yojna
this regard are Agriculture Road Map, 7 Nischaya II. Mukhyamantri Nischy Swayam Sahayata Bhatta
program of the State Government, Mission Manav Yojna
Vikas Karyakaram, Sushashan ke Karyakaram and Ill Kushal Yuva Programme
Disaster Risk Reduction Road Map. Besides these N. Bihar Start-up Policy, 2016
women empowerment policy and other programs V Provision of free Internet facilities through Wi-Fi
are being implemented for improvement in well- in all university and colleges
being of women towards achieving a greater
Nishchay-2: Aa.rhik Rozgar Mahilaon Ka Adhikar
gender equality.
• 35% reservation has been given in recruitment
Agriculture Road Map: Agriculture is the single
of women across all cadres and services of the
largest private sector occupation in Bihar. The goal
State, effective from 20th January, 2016.
is to maximize income of land owing and landless
"Roadmap for disaster risk reduction, 2015-2030
105
Nischay-3: Har Ghar Bijali Mission Manav Vilcas: Even though there is a strong
linkage between economic development and
• The purpose of this Nischaya is to ensure human development indicators, economic
electricity in every rural and urban household in development in itself may not be sufficient for
Bihar. This schemes in being implemented in the improvement in human development indicators.
state, under which government will ensure There is a need to prescribe a range of interventions
metered electric connection to all household. to facilitate development of the fullest human
Nishchay-4: Har Ghar Na/ Ka Jal potential in each individual, especially belonging to
the most disadvantaged social and economic
• The schemes launched under this nishchay are: groups.
Harnessing the fullest human potential requires a

I. Mukhyamantri Gramin Peyjal (Gunwatta simultaneous attention to the nutrition needs, the
Prabhavit Kshetra) NishchayYojana, educational needs, the health needs, the food
ii. Mukhyamantri Gramin Peyjal (Gair Gunwatta security needs, the clean water and sanitation
Prabhavit) Nishchay Yojana, needs, the livelihood needs, the housing needs, the
iii. Mukhyamantri Gramin Peyjal Nishchay Yojana empowerment needs, the gender and social equity
and needs of every household. It is the obligation of the
state to provide every individual, however poor, an
iv. Mukhyamantri Shahri Peyjal NishchayYojana
opportunity to do so.
Nischay-5: Ghar Tak Pak/Q Gali-Naliyaan
This necessitates a departure from traditional fund
• Three schemes has been launched to achieve based planning to indicator based planning.
thisgoal:- Whereas the traditional planning involved allocation
1. Gramin Tola sampark nishchay yojana (Rural of fund for different sectors and further to different
habitations link road scheme) schemes, indicator based planning would require
II. Mukhyamanri Gramin gali-nali puccikaran planning for both policy and schemes which can
nischaya yojana effectively lead to desired change in the indicator
within the stipulated period of time.
Ill. Mukhyamnri Shahri nali-gali puccikaran
nischaya yojana Sushashan ke Karyakaram : Government has
decided the programmes of "Good Governance" for
Nishchay-6: Sauchalaya Nirman Ghar ka Sammaan
the year 2005-2010 and 2010-2015 with a resolution
Toilet facility in every household in rural and urban of 'Development with Justice.' The basic resolution
area with an aim of making Bihar open defecation of Government is the overall development of state.
free. The resolution taken by Government has been
complied with. "Public Grievance Cell" has been
Nishchay- 7: Awasar Badhe, Aage Padhe established under Chief Secretary. Fully
computerized system has been developed for
To expand the opportunities for technical and
review of monthly report and proceedings of Public
higher education in the State itself for the youth, the
Grievance Cell. Head of departments, Divisional
Government would be establishing various new
commissioners and from Zonal l.G to D.M, S.P and
institutions. Five new medical colleges and nursing
Block/police station level officers have been
colleges in all medical universities would be
directed to meet with people on a fixed day, to hear
established. Each sub-division would get ANM
their grievances/problems and to do needful for its
Institute and Government Industrial Training
disposal.
Institute. Each district would get at least one GNM
Institute, para-medical institute, polytechnic, Disaster Risk Reduction Road Map : One of the
women's industrial training institute and guiding principles for this roadmap emphasises
engineering colleges. It is estimated that these 'resilience in development'. This principle has also
interventions, each year, would allow many been chosen as the organising principle for the
thousands of additional youths to find opportunities actions within this roadmap. The focus is on
within the state itself. building, "the capacity of an individual, household,
106
community or system to anticipate, absorb employment in working age and finally, old age
(through effective preparedness, response and pension schemes - National Social Assistance
mitigation} and recover from hazards and other Programme, old age home are some of the
shocks and stresses without compromising its schemes meant for the elderly. Bihar State Disability
existence and functioning in the long term", Pension Scheme, Chief Minister Disabled
resilience provides clarity about both the 'end' and Strengthening Scheme (SAMBAL) and reservation
the 'means' for disaster risk reduction actions in this in job are implemented for the disabled.
roadmap. This has been unpacked through five
components or building-blocks: 1. Resilient Several programmes have been designed for
Villages 2. Resilient Livelihoods 3. Resilient Critical weaker sections of society-Mahadalit Shauchalaya
infrastructure 4. Resilient Basic Services, and 5. Nirman Yojana, SAHAYrA Call Centre, Scholarship
Resilient Cities The desired state of communities in to SC, ST, BC, EBC and Minority Students,
Bihar is framed within 'Resilient Villages' and residential schools, Muslim Divorcee Women
'Resilient Cities' components, keeping in mind the Assistance Programme, Hunar Yojana, 3 decimal
two distinct demographic and governance profiles land for Mahadalit family, etc. Enactment of the
of Bihar (rural and urban) and to ensure that the Right to Information (RTI), Right to Public Services
ORR actions approach each one as a composite (RTPS) and Right to Public Grievance Redressal
administrative unit of risk-informed planning. (RTPGR) are legal provisions for empowerment of
common man. Provisioning of insurance for
Women empowerment Policy: The vision is to migrant labourer and establishment of overseas
achieve gender equality and empower all women bureau are two major steps for Migrant workers.
and girls. The Government of Bihar envisages
society where women are: VISION
• Treated fairly at work; Bihar Government's v1s1on of growth is
"DEVELOPMENT WITH JUSTICE·, this is in tune with
• Helped to achieve human rights;
core principle of SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
• Not discriminated in all its forms and on all GOALS (SDGs) & AGENDA 2030. The SDGs are
grounds; based on principles of Peace, People, Planet,
• Healthy, and their wellbeing and safety Prosperity and Partnerships. We firmly believe both
ensured; in letter and spirit that growth should be
• Their education, training and professional
INCLUSIVE, EQUITABLE and SUSTAINABLE. While the
development are all promoted;
government works for the development of all its
• For their sake, equality promoted through citizens, the focus is always on the upliftment of
community initiatives and advocacy; and, poorest, marginalised and vulnerable sections of
• Paid special attention, especially to the poor the State.
and those belonging to the marginalized
The soul of cooperative federalism is that India and
sections of society.
States walk together in the journey of sustainable
Other Programs: Schemes like food security, public development for India to regain its old glory and
distribution system, ICDS, MOM have been position globally and for states like Bihar to be
addressing the nutritional status among the poor. developed by 2030. What specific support will be
To empower girls and women, 50% reservation in provided by Central government to States for
several job (Panchayati Raj Institutions, police, achieving SDGs should be clearly reflected in our
teacher, etc.}, Balika Cycle Yojana, Balika Poshak National Vision Document 2030. The National
Yojana, Mukhyamantri Nari Suraksha Yojana, framework for strategy and action document
Women Help Line, etc. schemes have been should amply cover the aspirations of the States.
implemented. The State is also concerned about Integration of National Development Agenda and
the children, adult and the elderly. The State SDG is essential to accomplish India's National
Commission for Protection of Child Rights, child Interest, given the interconnectedness and
protection unit, ICDS, Parwarish take care of complexities of global economic forces. One of the
childhood affairs, whereas skill development and core principles of SDGs is "Leaving No One BehintJll,
other programmes provide and facilitate which requires countries to take actions that
107
guarantee benefits to the most vulnerable • All Ages: Respect and dignity to be given to all
population groups. ages; children would be protected in early age
of work. Mitigate hunger and disease for all,
The Government of Bihar's concept of growth is especially children and the elderly.
"Development with Justice" which is inclusive of all
• Increase Agriculture Production and
people and region. The strategy of the development
Productivity: The objective is to maximize
of the state is Inclusive, equitable, and based on
income of land owing and landless rural
sustainable economic development. Our policies
population to improve their livelihoods. The
and programs are being implemented through
objective of the agriculture policy in the state is
Agriculture Road Map, Manav Vikas Mission, Skill
to increase productivity of major crops to bring
Development Mission, Disaster Management and
it close to national average. Opening up of
Industrial Promotion and Investment, benefiting all
markets has necessitated increased
the sections of the society. A number of schemes
production at competitive prices. Adapting as
are being implemented in the State in the field of
well popularizing proven Research and
education, health, basic infrastructure and for
Development efforts is also important.
welfare of the weaker section, women and children.
• 7 Nishchay: The Government's priority is to
STRATEGY ensure provision of basic necessities such as
drinking water, electricity and toilets. It also
The strategy is in addition to the existing policy includes provision and expansion of essential
intervention by the state. infrastructure such as roads, by lanes,
drainages and bridges. It has been resolved to
• Development with Justice: Reduce poverty,
establish institutions of higher, technical and
Empower and promote social, economic and
professional learning so as to make our youth
political inclusion of all irrespective of age, sex,
competent and self-reliant. All these elements
disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or
have been incorporated to develop the
economic or other status.
framework of the "7 Nishchay" and the same
• Reduction in Regional Disparity: The basic has been included in the programs of Good
infrastructure (social and physical) and basic Governance (2015-2020).
facilities (education, health, law and order) will
• Disaster Risk Reduction Road Map: The focus
be the prime agenda in those districts and
is on building, "the capacity of an individual,
localities where these facilities are not in good
household, community or system to anticipate,
condition.
absorb (through effective preparedness,
• Gender: Ensure equal status to avail response and mitigation) and recover from
opportunity to live a healthy and decent life, with hazards and other shocks and stresses without
opportunities for political and social compromising its existence and functioning in
participation. There should be no discrimination the long term", resilience provides clarity about
on the basis of gender. Ensure no female both the 'end' and the 'means' for disaster risk
feticide is committed. Dowry must be abolished reduction actions in this roadmap.
by both law and society. Fixed assets title will be
prioritized to females.
108
SITUATION ANALYSIS
The SDG 11 of 'Making Cities and Human population. Apart from recording low 'level' of
Settlements Inclusive, Safe Resilient and urbanisation, Bihar has also recorded a low 'pace'
Sustainable' lays down framework for ensuring of urbanisation. Between 2001 and 2011, the level
sustainability of settlement structure and the of urbanisation in India has increased by 3.4
process of urbanisation. It envisages provisioning percentage points, from 27.8 % (2001) to 31.2 %
of housing, basic amenities, open green space, (2011 }.
healthier micro environment, efficient transport
system, capacity building for better governance, In contrast, such increase was only 0.8 percentage
protection against disaster and safeguarding points in Bihar, from 10.5 % (2001) to 11.3 % (2011).
heritage. The goal aims to renew and plan cities and This slow pace of urbanisation in Bihar is indeed a
other human settlements in a way that fosters long term phenomenon. Between 1961 and 2011,
community cohesion and personal security while in a span of half a century, the level of urbanisation
stimulating innovation and employment62 • in Bihar has increased by only 3.9 percentage
points, from 7.4 % (1961) to 11.3 % (2011). For the
The world today is increasingly getting urbanized entire country, this increase was no less than 13.2
and interconnected, with about 54% of its percentage point, from 18.0 % (1961) to 31.2 %
population choosing to live in urban areas. (2011 ).
However, the level of urbanization varies
substantially across the countries. Urbanization is
integrally connected to the three pillars of Tibia 11.1: Urban Population in Bihar and India"
sustainable development-economic development;
social development; and, environmental Urban Population (Lakh)
protection. Urbanisation in India is showing a
gradual increase. 1961 789.4 25.8
1971 1091.1 32.4
1981 1594.6 50.1
Level of urbanisation In Blhar: According to 2011 1991 2171.8 64.9
census, rate of urbanisation in Bihar is only 11.3 % 2001 2853.5 86.6
compared to the national average of 31.2 %. The 2011 3771. 1 117.6
State accounts for 8.6 % of India's total population,
but it has only 3.1 % of country's total urban
"'India and Sustainable Goals: The Way Forward

., Economic Survey of Bihar, 2017
110
FIG 11.1: TREND OF URBANISATION
~ India
~ Bihar
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Access to basic services in urban areas: Low level of focus area. According to the estimates of the Union
urbanisation in Bihar has impacted negatively the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation,
presence of basic services in the urban areas of the there has been an increase in the shortage of urban
State. Basic services like water supply, drinking housing in Bihar from 3.5 lakh units in 2001 to 11.9
water, sanitation facility are highly inadequate in the lakh units in 2012. Out of this number, around 85%
region and hence are directly impacting the lives of or 1O lakh units is the estimated shortage in the
the people of the State. Out of total urban EWS/LIG category. The Bihar State Housing Board
households, only 16.7% had the facility of piped is the lead agency for housing schemes in Bihar.
54
water within their premises · Similarly, percentage
Situation of Urban Slums In Blhar
of households with their latrines connected to a
piped sewer in urban Bihar was again as low at The "slum settlements" represent the most visible
7.2%65 . The availablity of the facility of a covered manifestation of urban poverty. The Census of India
drainage was wider, but not universal. For the entire 2011 puts the slum population at 12.4 lakh (10.5 %
urban areas in Bihar, the drain coverage was about of Bihar's urban population) in 85 towns reporting
30%, the highest being in Patna town where the slums. Between 2001 and 2011, Bihar's slum
coverage was 61 %66• However the status of basic population has more than doubled from 5.2 lakh in
services is better with regards to toilets, as its 2001 to 12.4 lakh in 2011. The census reports that
coverage is about 58%. In larger towns, this slums are generally an urban phenomena confined
coverage is wider at 77 percent •
67 to large cities, however, in Bihar, the largest
proportion of slum population is reported from
For easy movements within a town, it needs to have towns in the population range of 20-50 thousand,
adequate roads of good quality. The coverage of followed by towns in the population range of 50
quality roads is higher at large towns (77 %). thousand to 1 lakh69 •
However, the spread of quality roads in smaller
towns having a Municipal Council or Nagar Urban Poverty: The poverty ratio for Bihar was 34.1
Panchayats is rather low at below 60 %. As regards % for rural and 31.2 % for urban areas in 2011-12,
the drainage facility, it is also not universal in larger implying an overall poverty ratio of 33. 7%. Between
towns where roads with no drain or with kutcha 2004-05 and 2011-12, the poverty ratio in Bihar
drain account for about 30 % of the roads 68 • reduced by 20.7%. The reduction in the poverty
ratio in rural areas of Biharwas 21.6%, higher than in
Urban Housing: Access to housing for both the the urban areas 12.5%.
poor and the general urban population is a key
.. Census of India, 2011

"'Census of India, 2011
'"Economic Survey of Bihar 2017
"Economic Survey of Bihar 2017
'"Department of Urban Development and Housing (cited from Economic Survey of Bihar 2017)
•Economic Survey of Bihcir, 2016
111
Expenditure on Urban Development:
Tabla 11.2: Expenditure Pattern of Urban Development and Housing in Bihar (Rs Crore) 10
=··-'•~··
'l~ o·el·
Housing Urban To1al Housing" Urban To1al

Development Development
2010-11 796 1744 2541 785 (98.6) 505 {29.0) 1290 (50.8)
2011-12 846 1233 2079 823 (97.3) 572 (46.4) 1395 (67.1)
2012-13 967 1336 2303 827 (85.5) 1139 (85.3) 1966 (85.4)
2013-14 1064 1784 2849 927 (87.1) 1364 (76.4) 2291 (80.4)
2014-15 3826 2108 5934 1598 (41.8) 1455 (69.0) 3053 (51.5)
2015-16 1897 1737 3634 1486 (78.3) 1649 (94.9) 3134 (86.2)
In view of the absence of adequate basic services in POLICY INTERVENTIONS

the urban areas, the State Government is paying
more attention to urban development in the recent To improve the living conditions in urban areas, a
years. In 2015-16, the total expenditure of the State number of development program are now being
Government on urban development and housing implemented by the State Government. Most of
was Rs 3134 crore, compared to only Rs 1290 crore these programs are funded by the Central and State
in 2010-11 . This implies an annual growth rate of Government. This section presents the details of
21.9 %. If we segregate the total expenditure important urban development program in the State.
between housing and urban development, it is The existing programs being implemented by the
observed that the expenditure on urban State Government as well as the Central
development has registered an even higher growth Government has been divided into four major
rate of 28.9 %. categories. They are as follows:
r INFRASTRUCTURE
JnNURM
AM RUT HOUSING
Namami Ganga Integrated Housing and Slum Development Plan
Smart City Mission Rajiv Awas Yojana
HR IDAY
BUIDCO
Sustainable Cities and
Communities
EMPLOYMENT WATER AND SANITATION
National Urban Employment Mission I Swachh Bharat Mission
Employment Through Skill Training and Placement Mukhya Mantri Sahri Naali-Gaali Pakkikaran Yojana
Support to Urban Street Vendors Sauchalay Nirman Ghar ka Sammon

Mukhyamantri Sahri Peyjal Nischay Yojana
~"==================-----___;.l================~y
'°Finance Accounts, Auditor General, Bihar Cited from Economic Survey of Bihar 2017
11
Parenthesis denotes percentage
112
Infrastructure Phulwarisharif) and Bodhgaya . Under this

Smart City Mission (SCM): The Smart City Mission is component, funds were sanctioned for
an urban renewal program initiated by the Central implementation of Solid Waste Management
Government on June 2015. The main aim of the (SWM) projects, water supply projects in Patna,
program is to improve infrastructure and to create Danapur, Khagaul and Phulwarisharif, and water
sustainable and citizen friendly urban cities. A smart supply and sewerage project in Bodhgaya. Of
city is defined as a city which is highly developed in these projects, the Khagaul water supply scheme
terms of infrastructure and communications. At its has been completed and Phulwarisharif Water
launch in 2015, the Central Government had Supply Scheme is near completion.
identified 100 towns across India to be under this Namani Gange Scheme: This program of the Central
program. Bhagalpur city in Bihar has been Government targets town located along the river
identified as a smart city for interventions under the Ganga, for cleaning and rejuvenation of the river.
Mission. There are 32 towns identified in Bihar for
Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban implementation of the scheme. Scheme for the
Transformation (AMRUT): AMRUT is under development of Sewerage Systems have been
implementation in 27 cities of the state. It has been sanctioned for the cities of Buxar, Hajipur,
launched with the objective of providing Begusarai and Munger and for the city of Patna. The
infrastructure for universal coverage of piped State Government has also submitted Detailed
drinking water, sewerage and green spaces and Project Reports (DPR) for the development
parks. It also incentivises governance reforms in the Interception and Diversion Sewers, Solid Waste
cities. Under AMRUT, piped drinking water Management, River Front Development,
schemes have been sanctioned in 21 cities in the Crematoria, Dhabi Ghats and Community Toilets in
State (in all AMRUT cities except those where the Ganga Towns.
schemes were sanctioned under JnNURM or are HRIDAY: Government of India has launched the
being covered under other programmes) and National Heritage City Development and
partial drainage schemes have been sanctioned in Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY) scheme on 21
11
Patna, Muzaffarpur and Bhagalpur. Parks are also January 2015 with a focus on holistic development
being sanctioned on an annual basis in AMRUT of heritage cities. The scheme aims to preserve and
cities but the funds made available by Government revitalize soul of the heritage city to reflect the city's
of India in the Mission Period are insufficient to take unique character by encouraging aesthetically
up Sewarage System schemes. Only one scheme appealing, accessible, informative & secured
of Faecal Sludge and Sewerage Management has environment. The scheme supports the
been sanctioned for Katihar. The State was able to development of core heritage infrastructure
receive the performance incentive in 2016-17 for projects which shall include revitalization of urban
reforms undertaken in the preceding year. infrastructure for areas around heritage assets.
JnNURM: This program was the first major flagship Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development
program of the Central Government for improving Corporation Ltd (BUIDCO): This is a flagship
urban infrastructure in Mission Cities. Now this company owned by Government of Bihar and was
scheme has been replaced with Atal Mission for incorporated in 2009. This company is mandated to
Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) .
execute and accelerate urban infrastructure
This program had two sub-components - Urban projects in the State. These infrastructure projects
Infrastructure and Governance (UIG} and Urban are mainly classified into ten categories e.g. 24 x 7
Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and water supply projects, sewerage and sewage
Medium Towns (UIDSSMT). The JnNURM also network projects, storm water drainage projects,
sanctioned funds for the purchase of 1098 buses solid waste management projects, urban transport
for 19 towns of the State. projects, affordable housing projects, riverfront
Urban Infrastructure and Governance (UIG): There development projects, urban street light projects,
were two mission cities in Bihar - Patna Urban commercial market development projects and
Agglomeration (Patna, Danapur, Khagaul, urban beautification projects.
113
Housing training to BPL youth and help them in placements.

Integrated Housing and Slum Development Plan It has identified 16 trades and 20 training modules
(IHSDP): The objective of this program is to improve for skill training. In alignment with the ambitious skill
the living conditions of the slum dwellers, through training program of the State Government under the
construction of new houses as well as rehabilitation Bihar Skill Development Mission, new centres and
of existing dilapidated houses. The Central trades registered with BSDM are going to be
Government has sanctioned 30 schemes in 26 utilised for providing skill training and ensuring
towns of Bihar. placement to the BPL youth.
Support to Urban Street Vendors (SUSV): This
Rajlv Awas Yojana (RAY): Launched in 2011, the program aims at organizing street vending activities
objective of this program is to create towns which in 42 selected towns of Bihar (now expanded to all
are free of slums. All the district headquarters are ULB). It first proposes to conduct bio-metric survey
included under his program and the State of street vendors, issue them with I-cards and then
Government has already prepared 29 Detailed facilitate their linkages with different welfare
Project Reports (DPR) for 27 towns. The Central schemes. In particular, the program promotes
Sanctioning and Monitoring Committee approved 7 financial inclusion, training and insurance coverage
of these proposals which are located in Patna, for identified street vendors across the State.
Darbhanga, Katihar and Purnea and now the 81 ,74 7 street vendors have been surveyed and 140
scheme has been replaced by the Housing for All Town Vending Committee have been formed in the
Scheme of Government of India. State. The State has notified the Street Vending
Housing for All (HFA): A total of 76,911 dwelling units Rules and is in the process of identifying vending
have been sanctioned for the EWS category under zones for the proper facilitation and organization of
the Beneficiary Linked Component of the Housing street vending in the towns.
for All scheme and are under implementation by the Water and Sanitation:
Urban Local Bodies. The credit linked subsidy swachh Bharat Mission: This is one of the flagship
component is also under implementation in the projects launched by the Central Government in
state. Further, the State is preparing a policy for 2014 to improve the sanitation standards in the
Affordable Housing and Slum ReDevelopment and country. With Bihar facing an acute problem of open
Rehabilitation to cater to the massive requirement defecation, the State Government has joined the
of housing as well as to bring about urban renewal Central Government in eliminating this problem.
in slum occupied areas. Bihar has set a target for the construction of 7. 5 lakh
Employment Generation toilets in the urban areas. The physical progress is
as follows - (a) Individual toilets - 84,035 already
National Urban Livelihood Mission: 'National Urban
constructed and 1,24,852 are under construction,
Livelihood Mission' (NULM) project has been
(b) Community toilets - 45 constructed and 73
launched to reduce poverty and vulnerability of the
under construction, and (c) Public toilets - 43
urban poor households by enabling them to access
constructed and 18 under construction. 359 wards
gainful self-employment and skilled wage
out of 3323 wards in the ULBs in the State have
employment opportunities, improving their
become Open Defecation Free but the verification
livelihoods on a sustainable basis by building
is still to be completed.
strong grass root-level institution for the poor.
'Swachh Bharat Mission' is one of the flagship Sanitation and Cleaning Program: Schemes under
sanitation program launched by the Central urban sanitation cover construction of drains, solid
Government with the objective of construction of waste management and conversion and
individual toilets to eliminate open defecation and construction of dry latrines. Almost all towns of
improving solid waste management practices. The Bihar are facing the problem of water logging. The
NULM scheme has now been expanded from 42 existing drainage system is insufficient to cater to
cities to all ULBs in the State. the needs of the present level of population.
Therefore, it is proposed to augment the existing
Employment through Skill Training and Placement drainage system and construct new drains. The
(EST&P): This program is being implemented in 42 augmentation of the drainage system of Patna is on
12
towns of Bihar. Its objective is to provide skill top priority •
n Annual Plan 2015-16
114
Mukhyamantri Nishchay Yojana has been launched integrated communications strategy to be

in the state with the following components: called the 'fourism Awareness and Promotion
Campaign'
• Mukhya Mantri Shahri Nali-Gali Pakkikaran
• Provide quality services to all domestic &
Nishchay Yojana: Under this component, all the international consumers and stake holders.
katcha streets and drains in urban areas are
• Improving connectivity of important tourist sites
being converted into pucca streets and drains.
• Sauchalay Nirman Ghar ka Samman: In order to
VISION
make urban area Open Defecation Free, toilet
would be constructed. While individual toilets The Government of Bihar's Vision is in tune with
are being constructed for households with land, SDG i.e. "Make cities and human settlements
0
community toilets are being constructed for inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
landless households. The State has adopted the
policy of giving one unit of each community toilet STRATEGY
to each household to ensure accountability and
Urbanisation must usher in a process of inclusive
responsibility.
economic growth and counter the trends in rural-
• Mukhyamantri Shahri Peyjal NishchayYojana: In urban and intra-urban inequality that has grown at
order to ensure that each and every household an alarming rate. It has to ensure that all sections of
of Bihar has access to clean pipe drinking water, population, including women, children, SC/ST
this scheme has been launched. This will population and religious minorities have access to
completely end the dependence on wells and safe and affordable housing, basic amenities and
tube-wells for drinking water in Bihar. open green space. It would involve slum up-
gradation, solid waste management, improvement
11
Master Plan - Patna 2031 Economic growth is the
: of urban planning and management practices in a
key word for development of the Patna Planning way that is both participatory and inclusive, besides
Area. Development inherently implies good safeguarding the heritage and protecting the citizen
education, health and provision of adequate and against natural disasters.
good infrastructure and civic amenities to the
residents of the region. The vision of the Master SDG 11 says that sustainable city must provide
Plan is "To develop Patna Planning Area as a access to safe, affordable, accessible and
modern economic region with locally competitive sustainable transport and create green and public
infrastructure and social amenities to address spaces for all by 2030. The success in achieving
future requirements in harmony with its ecological these targets will enable meeting the targets in
resources." several other SDG goals. The improvement of the
transportation system with emphasis on public
Blhar Tourism Polley, 2009: The key objectives are: transport would automatically improve access to
education, health and employment, in particular for
• Position tourism as State priority women and children, older persons and those with
• Focus on domestic tourism as a major driver of disabilities.
tourism growth.
• Promote Bihar for cultural, religious and This would contribute directly to achieving the goals
"wellness" tourism of poverty eradication, ensuring healthcare and
• Improve the efficiency of the industry, for providing access to quality education.
enhanced social and economic benefit, and Furthermore, it would lead to reduction of non-
consequential increased economic benefits, communicable diseases by encouraging cycling,
including increased employment generation. walking and community interaction. At the same
• Ensure the participation of all the stake holders time an improved transport system would bring
in society, including the travel trade and tourism down the number of accidental deaths and injuries.
industry. This would also help in reducing the exorbitant
• Create world class infrastructure pollution level prevailing in the State and will reduce
• Plan and implement a professionally managed the number of deaths happening due to pollution.
7J Master Plan for Patna 2031 http://urban.bih.nic.in/PMP/Patna-MP-Report-18-11-2014.pdf
115
The State Government has been actively pursuing Reducing Urban Poverty: The state has taken a
an agenda of planned urban development. Urban multi-pronged systematic approach with survey of
municipal elections were successfully completed urban poor to establish the target group, provision
and Bihar is the only state in the country with 50% of basic services through schemes like NULM,
reservation for women; the Bihar Municipal Act HFA, IHSDP, RAY and addressing the institutional
2007 has been amended to bring it at par with other needs to support municipalities in program
Acts in other states; various reforms like the implementation. ULBs are being encouraged to
enactment of the Bihar Apartment Act, Repeal of take up programs for the benefit of the urban poor
Urban Land Ceiling and Regulation Act, (especially women), children, and
Computerization of registration of land & property, destitute/disabled/street children in partnership
Introduction of accrual based Double Entry System, with NGOs. Intervention aimed at local economic
revision of Bihar Building by-laws, revision of by- development to strengthen cities as engines of
laws to make water harvesting compulsory have economic growth are being implemented.
also been completed. Training and capacity
building of urban sector professionals is a key Urban Housing: The Bihar State Housing Board is
thrust area. Managerial and Technical support is being strengthened to carry out its objective of
being provided to the Municipal Corporations and providing affordable housing to people in the urban
for this purpose Bihar Municipal services has been areas, especially those in the lower income
formed. At the district level, the District Urban category. The State Government is in the process of
14
Development Agency has been strengthened • implementing a policy for affordable housing and
slum development in which the Board will be the
The core areas of focus for systematic urban
nodal authority. The policy aims at bringing in
development in Bihar in addition to the existing
private investment for the development of housing
policy would be as follows:
in the State and includes the provision of housing
Urban Planning: The Bihar Urban Planning & through PPP catering to all economic sections of
Development Act 2013 has been enacted. The society.
State is undertaking Urban Planning on a large
Clean Cities: There is tremendous scope for
scale through the use of GIS mapping and property
improving the conditions of Solid Waste
survey apart from preparation of Master Plans for
Management, sewerage & drainage across the
notified Planning Areas. In this context,
State. Detailed project reports with inter-sectoral
comprehensive GIS maps at a scale of 1:1000 have
linkages are being prepared; the State is
been prepared for 29 cities and that of 28 more
experimenting with private sector participation in
cities is under preparation while tender for the same
solid waste management in select cities
has been floated for another 12 cities. Property
survey has been completed for 6 cities (Bhagalpur, Muzaffarpur, Gaya, Arrah, Danapur,
(Muzaffarpur, Motihari, Bettiah, Munger, Jamalpur Khagaul & Phulwarisharif). A Waste to Energy plant
and Kishanganj) and it is under process in another 7 is already under development in Patna while Waste
cities (Bhagalpur, Gaya, Aurangabad, Nawada, to compost plants are being developed in other
Begusarai, Sasaram and Dehri-Dalmianagar). cities. House to house collection of garbage has
Further, Patna Master Plan 2031 has been notified been commenced and segregation of source is
for the cities of Patna, Danapur, Khagaul, being encouraged in the urban areas.
Phulwarisharif, Maner and Fatuha. Tenders have Comprehensive Sewerage Schemes are going to
been invited for the preparation of Master Plans for be implemented in Patna (under NAMAMI GANGA)
another 26 cities in the state. The Patna and Gaya (through ADB financing) while schemes
Metropolitan Planning Committee and the Patna for Faecal Sludge and Septage Management
Metropolitan Area Authority have been constituted (FSSM) are being prepared for implementation in
and are functional. The State proposes to Bhagalpur, Muzaffarpur and Katihar. Large outfall
strengthen the Town & Country planning Wing to storm drainage schemes are also being taken up
implement the Bihar Urban Planning & on priority in the cities which have drainage
Development Act 2013 effectively. problems while smaller drains are being
74
Annual Plan 2015-16
116
constructed under the Mukhya Mantri Nali Gali Urban Governance: All the Urban Local Bodies have
Nischay Yojana. been provided with resources to undertake Double
Entry Accounting System and the accounts are
Civic Amenities: Under this scheme, the urban local subject to Internal Audit for which arrangements
bodies are provided with funds for street lighting, have been made by the State. The department is
development maintenance, parks, bus stands, also in the process of obtaining approval and
community halls and community baths as well as notifying revised human resource structures for
other civic amenities and services. An important ULBs, the Directorate of Municipal Administration,
scheme Buddha Smriti Park is completed. Bihar Urban Development Agency and for creating
Construction and renovation of park, bank of rivers a Unified Engineering Structure for the Urban
and ponds are under active consideration. In large Development and Housing sector for enhanced
scale construction and beautification of parks and efficiency in urban governance and improved
Ghats in the ULBs are in the process. An ambitious service delivery.
scheme for conversion of all street lights by LED
lights in the urban areas is under construction. The Improving 'ease of doing business' and focused
State Government has sanctioned the development of 'urban-led' growth clusters: The
development of an Inter State Bus Terminus in Government will undertake systematic mapping of
Patna by the Bihar Urban Infrastructure urban lands, including identifying ownership and
Development Corporation. 38 bus stands are being creating a land bank for municipal use. The land will
constructed in various cities of the State. be used for providing space for infrastructure
development, including regional landfills for solid
E-Governance: Computerization of municipal waste management. They can also be used for
processes has been initiated. In the first phase, affordable housing and to leverage finances from
computerization is being rolled out in 5549 towns the market.
including all Municipal Corporations, Nagar
Parishads and Bodhgaya and Rajgir Nagar The immediate goal focuses on improving the
Panchayats. Hardware and Software i.e. quality of life by improving access to basic
computers, fax, UPS have been provided to ULBs. infrastructure. Ward-wise plans would be prepared
The State is implementing an E-Municipality with dedicated funding resources for infrastructure
Program with support from the State budget and development. At the same time, efforts would be
DFID. made for aggressive funding to make services-level
benchmark significant. Department will also make
Improving Municipal Resource Base: The Holding efforts for making alignments with emerging
Tax norms have been revised - this after 20 years. national urban developmental agenda such as
Municipalities have initiated a drive for revision of Smart Cities, AMRUT, Namami Gange, National
holding tax and speeding up collection. Other Urban Livelihood Mission (NULM), Housing for all,
innovations like Out-sourcing collection of holding etc. This will set pace for the development of urban
tax, widening the tax base, transfer of various Bihar in line with the national development agenda
settlements from the Revenue Department, and goals
Computerization of data, utilization of grant
provided by the State Government/State Finance
Commission are in the pipeline75•
"Annual Plan 2015-16
117
SITUATION ANALYSIS
Goal 12 aims to promote sustainable consumption given to alternatives which improve the system, and
and production patterns through measures such as ensure that there is burden shifting between
11
specific policies and international agreements on different stages of product life cycle.
the management of materials that are toxic to the
environment. Sustainable consumption and Gradually, the Bihar's economy is moving away
production promotes social and economic from farm sector and is investing more in non-farm,
development within the carrying capacities of infrastructure and service sectors. Such a
ecosystems, raise efficiency and ensure developmental paradigm is likely to be emission-
sustainability in the use of resources and intensive. However, a low carbon emission strategy
production processes, reducing resource without compromising on the State's inclusive
degradation, pollution and waste. Sustainable developmental aspirations is possible if right
consumption addresses the demand side, technologies are chosen and implemented in an
focusing on consumers' choices of goods and enabling environment. The monthly per capita fuel
services such as food, shelter, clothing, mobility consumption in rural areas is much higher than in
and leisure, to fulfil basic needs and improve quality the urban areas. This is probably because rural
of life.
78 energy consumption is dominated by low cost
biomass, combusted in stoves with low
Sustainable production concerns the supply side, combustion efficiency. Hence, the amount of
focusing on the economic, social and energy needed for cooking the same meal is much
environmental impacts of production processes. higher for biomass or kerosene users than LPG
The focus is on achieving more resource efficient users. Not much variation in the consumption of
and cleaner production, which aims at reducing the kerosene is observed between urban and rural
risks to humans and the environment. Producing areas. LPG is the fuel of choice by the well-off, the
sustainable refers to optimizing the use of natural consumption increases monotonically with
resources such as raw materials, energy, and water increasing wealth. Though residential energy
at all stages of the production cycle, thus reducing consumption contributes a negligible figure to
the ecological footprint of products. More resource overall Carbon Dioxide emission in India, but it is
efficient production practices allow consumers to very important issue because it directly affects the
meet more of their needs by using the same amount household members.
or even less resources. At the core of the concept is
the lifecycle approach which requires that each According to Census 2011, use of firewood as
stage of a product's lifecycle, due consideration is cooking fuel at al I-India level is 49.0% and it is 37.4%
for Bihar. Usage of LPG/PNG as cooking fuel is low
76
United Nations Environment Program, 2006
"Indian and Sustainable Development Goals: The Way Forward
120
in Bihar (8.1%) in comparison with all India (28.5%). constraint of lack of natural forest tracts (limited to
The usage of crop residue is significantly high in 7% of geographical area) and heavy intensity of
Bihar with 32.5% where as the National average is agriculture, fostering of agro-forestry in a big way to
8.9%. Thus, it is clear that Bihar is using low cost maximize the land use options of tree cover has
biomass with low combustion efficiency which been launched with incentive scheme for farmers
leads to higher carbon emission. In case of Bihar, "Krishi Vaniki Yojana" and "Mukhya Mantri Niji
Biomass used for fuel in domestic/household uses Paudhshala Yojana". These schemes encourage
sources from tree cover outside of non-natural with inputs and financial incentives planting of
forest (only 12 of 38 districts in Bihar have natural poplar and other tree species on all available farm
fcrest tracts and these have relatively lesser lands for universal coverage and fast growing
population density) and agriculture residues and species of poplar plants in suitable tracts in select
about more than 90% share of population is areas. Mukhyamantri Chhatra Vriksharopan Yojana,
residing in non-foresttracts. Har parisar hara Parisar yojana are other
programmes undertaken for incentivizing extension
Transport sector is another major contributor to of tree cover by participation of students and other
carbon emission. Between 2010-11 and 2014-15, stakeholders. Further tree plantation in linear
the number of registered vehicles in the State has vacant public lands is under implementation on
78
grown at a rate of 12.2 % annually . The rapid substantive scale, besides afforestation and
growth of vehicle numbers in the State has been rehabilitations of degraded forests in the natural
accompanied by concomitant problems, including forest tracts, supported with measures of
congestion and environmental vehicular pollution mechanical treatments of soil and moisture
rise. conservation.
Food wastage is an issue of global scale. The The target is to increase the forests/tree cover
challenge of feeding Bihar's 10.4crore population is outside forests from 9.79% in 2011 to 15% of the
not really about agriculture and food production, geographical area by 2017 and the same is on the
but getting the food to the people. Major factors verge of being achieved. Under agro forestry a
behind the wastage include lack of refrigerated target for planting of 6 crores of trees by 2017 has
transport vehicles and adequate high-quality cold been set and has been achieved. Keeping in view
storage facilities for both food manufacturers and the progress achieved, the State is poised to push
food sellers (retailers). the coverage by another 2% over the next five years.
POLICY INTERVENTIONS: To foster lifestyle and behavioral change in respect

of environment friendly behavior and lifestyles,
The State Government is committed to ensure promotion of use of bicycles for short distance
sustainable consumption of the natural resources conveyance in preference to automobiles, a
and maintain production patterns through specific scheme captioned "Cycle Chalao Paryavaran
policy initiatives. Environment and Forest Bachao Abhiyan" has been in operation from 2014
department has established Hariyali Mission under onwards. Likewise use of PET bottles in
Agriculture Road Map (2012-17) to coordinate the Government meetings and events is being
efforts to increase foresVtree cover of the state discouraged by the Environment and Forest
under various schemes. Plantation of around 18.47 Department.
crores seedlings were done between 2012-17
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana: Ujjwala Yojana is
against the target of 23.95 crores. Under coming
Agriculture road map 2017-22, a target of plantation aimed at providing 5 crore LPG connections in the
of 15.10 crore plants is proposed. Plantation of name of women in BPL (Below Poverty Line)
trees especially on non forest raiyati land is given households across the country. The objective of the
paramount importance in the Agriculture Road scheme is to Ujjwala Yojana Scheme is to empower
Map. women and protecting their health, reducing the
serious health hazards associated with cooking
In order to give thrust to augmentation of green based on fossil fuel, reducing the number of deaths
cover under tree vegetation in Bihar amidst the in India due to unclean cooking fuel and preventing
11
121
young children from significant number of acute Bihar Renewable Energy Development Agency
respiratory illness caused due to air pollution by (BREDA): Most of the Bihar's installed generation
burning the fossil fuel. capacity in concentrated in thermal power plants.
This not only leads to a concern about the clean
Pradhan Mantri Urja Ganga Scheme: In this scheme generation of electricity, it also puts a fiscal burden
a gas pipeline will be placed which will provide in the state, given that the prices of coal may be very
piped cooking fuel to millions of customers in volatile. This, aside from promoting hydel-power
eastern states. The Urja Ganga gas pipeline project projects, the State Government has also created an
would be beneficial for around 20 lakh families in agency called BREDA, which is responsible for the
the Eastern Part of India. This pipeline will supply development of projects that would use non-
both fuel gas and CNG. As CNG is also supplied to conventional energy sources for production of
vehicle under this project so pollution will decrease electricity.
as there is large number of fuel operated vehicle in
the State. CNG operated vehicle also save lot of
VISION
cash as CNG vehicles are cheap compared to fuel
operated vehicles. The Vision of the State is in alignment with
Sustainable Development Goals i.e. "Ensure
Namami Gange: This program of the Central sustainable consumption and production
Government targets the town located along the river patterns".
Ganga. The objective is to clean and rejuvenate the
river and to reduce the waste disposal in the river
STRATEGY
completely. This will lead to uninterrupted flow of
water and thus will support the lifeline of the people Sustainable management and efficient use of
residing in its basin. natural resources: Natural resources are
fundamental for any economy or society. They
Smart City: The Smart City Mission is an urban provide raw materials, energy, food, water and land,
renewal program initiated by the Central as well as environmental and social services. The
Government in June 2015. The main aim of the High-Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015
program is to improve infrastructure and to create Development Agenda (HLP) has specifically noted
sustainable and citizen friendly urban cities. that the poor directly depend on natural resources,
for food, fuel, medicine, shelter and livelihoods, and
Ujala Yojana (Free LED Bulb Scheme): The main aim
are especially affected by resource depletion and
of this scheme is to switch usage of over 200 million
environmental degradation79 •
incandescent light bulbs to LED light bulbs. This will
save a power of 10.5 billion KWH as a whole. The The state of Bihar is committed to the efficient and
benefit of this scheme is to make sure that the sustainable use of resources. Resource use
usage of LED bulbs is spread evenly across the efficiency is one of the stated objectives of State's
Nation and not just to the urban cities. This will Agriculture Road Map. The approach of the road
control the negative impact of incandescent bulbs map is different from the first green revolution in
and will make sure that the environment is positively many ways as it envisages a Rainbow Revolution
affected by the usage of the bulbs and it improves which will be sustainable and evergreen.
environment and also conserves energy.
Halve Per Capita Global Food Waste at the Retail
Blhar State Pollution Control Board: Bihar State and Consumer-level, and Reduce Food Losses
Pollution Control Board was constituted in the year along Production and Supply Chains including
1974 under the provisions of the Water (prevention Post-Harvest Losses: FAO estimates that each
and Control of pollution) Act, 1974. Enactment of year, one-third of all food produced for human
the said Act and subsequently constitution of this consumption is lost of wasted. Food loss or waste
Board was in pursuance of Clause -I of Article 252 of can occur at various stages from the production of
the Constitution of India. The Water Act, 1974 was food to its handling and storage, processing and
made applicable in the first instance to the whole of packaging, distribution and marketing right up to its
12 States and Union Territories. The State of Bihar consumption. Containing food loss is an important
was one of the said 12 States. issue in view of the number of malnourished
"United Nations, 2013
122
children and the prevalence of hunger. human health and environmental effects. The wide
range of wastes include household/municipal
Addressing post harvest loss has its own waste, biomedical waste, e-waste, waste electronic
challenges. This will need significant investment in and electrical equipment, waste from construction
supply chain and storage capacities which will also and demolition activities, waste from end of life
make the system more energy intensive. In order to cars, mining waste, waste from power plants,
reduce the post harvest losses the State hazardous waste, waste from agriculture/forestry
Government has taken up construction of godowns etc. Efforts would be made on minimizing the
for 8463 Primary Agriculture Co-operative Societies waste generation through prevention, reduction,
(PACS) in phased manner over five years under recycling and reuse and so establishment of Bio-
overall strengthening programs of PACS. Presently, medical waste management units has been
over 2200 PACS has godown facilities with 2.2 lakh provided to reduce biomedical waste.
MT capacity and the state needs additional
capacity of 12 lakh MT in order to meet the Encourage companies, especially large and trans-
challenge of food security in the state. It is proposed national companies, to adopt sustainable practices
that additional 6000 PACS will be provided with and to integrate sustainability information into their
godowns80 . reporting cycle: The objective of sustainable
production cannot be achieved without companies
Achieve environmentally sound management of playing the leading role. India is one of the first
chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle: countries in to the world to mandate responsible
Many industrial areas have seen gross chemical business practices. Sustainability reports helps
contamination, with grave damage to human organizations set goals, measure performance,
health, genetic structures and reproductive and manage change in order to make their
outcomes and the environment. India has been operations more sustainable.
among the worst victims of an accident involving
hazardous chemical. MoEFCC has developed two Promote public procurement practices that are
important web based information systems. sustainable in accordance with national policies
National Hazardous Waste Information System and priorities: Sustainable Procurement is a
(NHWIS) which gives the status of Hazardous process whereby organizations (public or private)
Waste Management in the country. Chemical procure goods and services in a manner that
Accident Information Reporting System (CAIRS) generates benefits to the organization, society and
storing, retrieving and analyzing data in visual form economy, while ensuring that the environmental
for all the information related to the chemical impact is minimal.
accidents happening in India.
Ensure that people everywhere have the relevant
Similarly, Bihar has also taken initiatives for information and awareness for sustainable
reducing Industrial Wastes. As per the Industrial development and lifestyles in harmony with nature:
Policy, 2016 Waste to Energy projects including Changing public understanding and attitudes are
municipal solid waste, industrial waste etc. based essential for the transition to Sustainable
energy projects has been placed in the priority Consumption and Production. Information and
sector in the renewable energy sector. At the same education can help create this understanding and
time online consent management system for attitude by raising awareness and thus leading
Consent to Establish (GTE) and Consent to Operate mass movement for recycling, renewable energy
(CTO) under Water & Air Act, authorization under and other sustainable consumption practices.
Hazardous Waste Rules has being proposed in the Specifically, awareness-raising in schools, and
policy. The State Government is also ensuring public information campaign could play a big part in
Effluent Treatment Plants in all Industrial Units changing mindsets by showing the advantages of
moving towards lifestyles that are in harmony with
Substantially Reduce Waste Generation through the nature.
Prevention, Reduction, Recycling and Reuse:
Wastes are inevitable by-products of consumption Develop and implement tools to monitor
and production processes. Sound management of sustainable development impacts for sustainable
waste is necessary to avoid substantial adverse tourism which creates jobs, promotes local culture
.,Annual Plan Bihar 2015-16
123
and products: The potential for tourism in Bihar is Afforestation will be undertaken in Government
very substantial because of its rich historical lands along canal and embankments, road flanks,
heritage. A number of historical, archaeological and railways and other available vacant spaces of
religious sites in Bihar attract equally both domestic public and institutional lands. Commercial
and foreign tourists. The Several circuits have been cultivation of fruit bearing trees, plants yielding
identified for tourist destination to attract tourists to herbal produces, silk worm rearing, fodder and
the state. 'Buddhist Circuit' in the state has emerged timber wood trees will be encouraged.
as of national and international importance. Other
circuits are 'Sufi Circuit', 'Jain Circuit', 'Sikh Circuit', Strengthening and augmenting efforts for
'Ramayan Circuit' and Gandhi Circuit. Government conservation of wildlife and aquatic ecosystems
also aims at promoting Eco-tourism. The including wetlands, and overall biodiversity through
government is making all endeavours to provide intensive habitat protection, restoration and
necessary information, basic facilities and security population recovery activities and endeavours.
to all tourists. Effective mitigation measures in respect of human
wildlife conflicts or negative interactions in certain
The government is committed to manage its forests areas is another thrust area of wi Id life conservation.
on sustainable basis through approved working
plans and management plans. The forest produce A robust plan for protection of Dolphins and other
generated from the sustainably managed forest will key aquatic fauna and their habitats in River Ganga
lead to sustainable production in long run. and its main tributaries
Augmenting tree plantations to maximise the tree Strengthening the participatory institution of Joint
vegetation potential in non-forest lands, thereby Forest Management and Eco-development in the
increasing forest cover/trees outside natural forests landscape of natural forest tracts and the wildlife
to 17% of geographical area by 2022 with thrusts on sanctuaries and bird sanctuaries in wetland
Agro forestry and Social forestry leveraging dominated tracts for wildlife and biodiversity
schemes including MGNREGA. conservation.
124
SITUATION ANALYSIS
Goal 13 focuses on the "urgent action" required to dominated by heavily populated and intensely
"combat climate change and its impacts", thus cultivated plains of Ganga River basin with sub-
incorporating both climate change mitigation and basins of its tributaries from Himalaya in the north
climate change adaptation. Climate change has a and Chotanagpur and Kaimur plateaus in the South
wide range of effects on the overall development with a very small fraction of natural forest and
and has the potential to halt the progress, if not wilderness tracts (less than 10% in 11 Southern
addressed on priority. Since 2005, Bihar is on very peripheral districts and lone district of
high growth trajectory, with a double digit growth W.Champaran in the north) should be highlighted
rate but the state is more vulnerable to the impact of for better depiction of the scenario.
climate change because of its agrarian economy.
Sector-wise analysis
Bihar is situated at the Eastern part of the country Agriculture and Allied Activities: Bihar state is
which lies midway between the humid West Bengal, located in the lndo-Gangetic plains in central-north
in the East and the sub humid Uttar Pradesh, in the India, and its natural fertility soil is one of the key
West. It is bounded by Nepal in the North and assets of the state and conducive to agriculture.
Jharkhand in the South. The Bihar plain is divided However, agriculture and its allied sectors in Bihar
into two unequal halves by the river Ganga which are beset by many challenges, and climate change
flows through almost in the middle from West to and its impacts are only likely to deepen these
East. The state has a tropical monsoon climate with challenges.
three distinct seasons - winter, summer and rainy.
The winter season is characterized by fog, cold Forest: Forests have a critical role to play as carbon
wave and western disturbances. sinks, and are thus vital to climate mitigation. It also
recognizes that forest are essential for maintaining
The monsoon season normally starts in the third favorable and stable conditions needs for
week of June and lasts up to end of September and sustained agriculture productivity by playing roles
downpour accumulated seasonal rainfall of 120- in maintaining soil fertility, structure and water
150 cm throughout the state. The rainfall is also holding capacity.
triggered by monsoon depression which formed in
Bay of Bengal, entered in Bihar and produced wide Water: Water is critical for all aspects of life on earth,
spread rainfall. During monsoon season, the State and all human activity is dependent on this critical
experiences flood and drought almost every year resource. Increased water use by all categories of
and affect the water resources and agriculture of water users and increased demand due to
Bihar. Rainfall and temperature are two main economic and population growth are compounded
climatic variables which affect agriculture, water, by further stress by the increased pollution of
81
forest, health and other sectors . existing water resources, which not only restricts
potential uses of available water but also threatens
In case of Bihar, the fact that Bihar is geographically
future use.
"state Action Plan on Climate Change -Jan 2015
126
Disaster Management: Bihar is prone to multiple and Target for achieving 15% of Forest /Tree cover (TOF)
frequent disasters of various categories, is scheduled for 2017, which is on the verge of
predominantly floods and droughts. Climate being achieved. Now the effort will be to push for
change is making extreme climate events more another increase of 2% over next 5 years by 2022.
frequent and the incidence of drought and flood is
on the rise. The contemporary recognition and realization for
the urgent protection of wetlands as an important
Urban Development: Bihar's urban infrastructure component of natural ecosystem in Bihar for the
faces a serious deficit, and the urbanisation crucial roles and services in the emerging climate
process is putting immense pressure on the urban change impact scenario and environmental
infrastructure and services resulting in degradation safeguards as well as disaster risk reduction has
of the urban environment and of natural resources. propelled incorporation of wetland conservation as
an important strategy and policy intervention in
Transport: The rapid growth of vehicle number in the States development processes. Delineation of 28
State has been accompanied by concomitant big natural wetlands in 12 districts has been done
problems including congestion and traffic snarls, and State Wetland Development Authority has
lack of adequate parking spaces, high accident recommended to get it notified under Wetland
rates, environmental vehicular pollution rise and (Conservation and Management) Rule, 2010. List of
inadequacy of road space for efficient public identified 28 wetlands has been submitted to Gal
transportation. and thereafter draft proposal for notification of 5
wetlands in 3 districts has been submitted to Gol.
Energy: Bihar has adopted a blend of thermal and
hydel sources. The total generation capacity of
power as on March 2016 for the state was 3825 MW. VISION
Out of this, 86.4 % is from coal based thermal Government of Bihar has articulated climate
power, 9. 7 % from hydro power and the balance 3.9 concerns and is committed to fostering an
82
% from renewable sources • integrated approach to inclusive, sustainable, and
climate resilient growth and development. The
Health: While the status of health services in Bihar is overall motto of Bihar Action Plan of Climate
still inadequate, substantial improvements have Change is "Building Resilience through
been recorded in this sector in recent years owing Development" is in sync with SDG i.e. 'Take Urgent
to increase in expenditure for health services on one Action to Combat Climate Change and Its Impacts'.
hand and better monitoring of the health services
on the other. Health indicators for the State have Maintain forest /tree outside forest cover by 15% of
also shown significant improvements more states geographical area and augment the cover by
recently. another 2% over next five years by extension and
intensifying tree cover over the non-forest and
POLICY INTERVENTIONS agricultural lands.
State Action Plan on Climate Change has been The GoB's vision will be achieved through pursuing
formulated in the year 2013-14 and it has been (a) broad streaming of climate concerns into all
approved by the MoEF&CC. Besides National aspects of development policy and
Mission for Green India has been launched by the implementation, (b) integrating low carbon and
ministry which aims to increase additional climate resilient development models into its
forest/tree cover on forest/non forest lands and growth strategy, and (c) ensuring
improved quality of forest cover on additional forest complementarities with and contributing to the
areas, improved ecosystem services including national agenda on climate change. In view of the
biodiversity, hydrological services, and carbon overall objective these approaches will be
sequestration as a result of treatment. Government supported by the strategies and actions outlined.
of Bihar has selected 4 landscapes in the districts of
Banka, Munger, Gaya and Kaimur and prepared a
perspective plan of 10yearperiod., which has been
STRATEGY
submitted to the MoEF&CC. GoB on its own The prominent strategic measures and
initiative has planted 18.47 crores seedlings under interventions for the nine focus sectors enlisted
Agriculture road map2012-17. here below are in consonance with the National
"Economic Survey of Bihar, 2017
127
Missions for climate change and convergent with habitat diversity for enhancing ecosystem
the thrust areas for sustainable development. This goods and services
is in addition to the existing programs being • Maximizing niches for diverse life forms by
implemented in the state. preserving mosaic of diverse vegetation types
with restoration of native bio-diverse species
Agriculture:
mix
• Minimizing soil and water losses - resource
• Strengthening institutions of decentralized
conservation technologies & improving
forest governance (JFMCs) and capacity
irrigation efficiency and introduction/promotion
building for adaptive forest management
of low water demanding crops in low rain fall
areas • Appraisal and promotion of traditional wisdom
and practices having climate change
• Promotion of conservation agriculture &
ramifications
conservation of gene pool of traditional crop
varieties • Forest degradation to be address by inter-sector
convergence
• Discouraging exploitation of fertile top soil use
for brick manufacture etc and promote eco- • Climate change effects on wildlife {wild fauna) to
friendly alternatives be examined and preventive measures to be
undertaken
• Strengthening weather services and early
warning systems • Maintain 15% of geographical area under
forest/tree outside forest cover and augment the
• Synergizing traditional knowledge, agricultural
cover by another 2% over next five years i.e. by
heritage and modern technology and research
2022.
• Access to information, institutional support to
Panchayats Disaster Management:
• Disseminating and follow best management • Build adaptive resilience and reduce
practices vulnerability across communities and sectors.
Strategic planning at agro-climatic zone level • Integration of disaster risk management and
climate change adaptation, along with
Water Resources: incorporation of both the state, district, and local
• Improving understanding of climate impacts to planning and practices
water resource sector • Multi-hazard approach in planning and action
• Development of water resources information ford isasters
system and reassessment of basin wise water • Promoting green and disaster resilient
situation construction technologies
• Preservation of wetlands and maintenance of • Raising quick response teams at grass-root
optimal wetland hydrology levels
• Revival of traditional systems of water storage, • Disaster management plan for major reservoirs
conservation and micro-irrigation
• Assessment of urban vulnerability in case of
• Intensive program for groundwater recharge in extreme precipitation events
over-exploited areas
• Simulation of extreme precipitation scenario in
• Extending subsidies and incentives for major river basins and planning for the same
recycling/recovery
• Averting disasters related to hazardous and
• Management of shallow and deep aquifers biomedical waste
particularly in arsenic prone area
• Mainstreaming of risk assessment and disaster
• State Water Policy framework and a management planning in government projects
comprehensive water sector roadmap
Urban Development:
Forests and Biodiversity:
• Exploiting potential for mitigating climate
• Integrated approach - leveraging opportunities change through reduction in demand for energy
for mitigation and adaptation measures
• Reorienting urban planning to address climate
considering forests and non-forest public lands
change issues w.r.t. mitigation and adaptation
as well as private lands
and improve responsiveness to disasters
• Emphasis on restoration of ecosystems and
• Promoting satellite towns for major cities to de-
128
congest and distribute load reduce pollution and GHG emission

• Mitigating climate change with respect to urban • Promote and ensure availability of cleaner fuels
transport • Intelligent traffic management system
• Decentralize sewage treatment plants at local encouraging modal shift
(colony/settlemenVhousehold) level • Public transport and infrastructure promoting
• Application of Energy efficiency codes in cycling and walking
commercial and residential consumptions
Health:
• Comprehensive approach in the management
of water, municipal solid waste water; clean • Integrated Disease Surveillance program and
energy technologies utilizing municipal solid develop disease forecasting system
waste • Identify potential sources impacting health due
• Encourage competitiveness and technological to climate change
innovation in mitigating and adapting to climate • Study of vulnerability to disease due to change
change in temperature and rainfall
• Capacity building to address health issues
Energy:
related to climate change
• Increasing the mix of renewable energy in power
• Associate private health care services in these
generation up to 30% endeavors
• To design Bihar specific policy for • Strengthening of disaster management teams in
implementation of Decentralized Distributed district hospitals to respond to the effect of
Generation in rural areas
extreme climatic episodes
• Improving energy efficiency in households
cooking in rural areas Industry & Mining:
• Feasibility studies for solar concentrator • Developing policy - regulatory instruments to
applications encourage existing and new climate change
• Undertake feasibility study and develop mitigation technologies
implementation plan for an integrated grid • Build awareness on options, opportunities and
connected energy supply system from all type of benefits of fuel switching, including the use of
energy resources waste materials and energy
• Scoping, planning and implementation of • Partnerships with industry associations to
Decentralized Distributed Generation stimulate technological innovation/change to
improve resource use efficiency
Transport:
• Waste management and reduction, and
• Evaluation of infrastructure vulnerability to enhancing use of renewable energy
climate change taking into account natural • Exploring market based mechanism for
hazards and disasters emission reduction
• Improve vehicle maintenance as a priority to
129
SITUATION ANALYSIS
This Goal seeks to promote the conservation and sewerage systems in Bihar lags far behind the
sustainable use of marine and coastal ecosystems, National Standard. The lack of Town Sewerage
prevent marine pollution and increase the Master Plan, intermittent and unreliable power
economic benefits to small Island developing supply for Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) and
States and LDCs from the sustainable use of lack of investment in sewerage infrastructure often
marine resources. Bihar is a landlocked State, yet is lead to the release of untreated water in wetland
rich in water resources. The most important river, area, leading to impact on Aquatic bio-diversity.
the Ganga, flowing from West to East divides the Near total absence of treatment and storage
state into North and South Bihar. The state is disposal facility also lead to dumping of untreated
completely covered by the Lower Ganga Basin. The waste and massive pollution of rivers and other
Basin is divided into several Sub-basins. wetland areas.
There are eight rivers that flow in North and South Loss of habitat for river dolphins is a major concern
Bihar. It is assumed that biodiversity or stress on the and it is estimated that only 2,000 Gangetic
life below water, on different species, will be felt Dolphins are left in India, which is down from tens of
more severely when the water availability in Bihar thousands just a few decades ago. Recent
declines. The water area in Bihar is 273.3 thousand initiatives taken by the Government of Bihar to set
hectares and it also has 3200 kms of river length. up the Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary'
This constitutes about 3.9 % of the total spread over a 50 km area along the Ganga is
geographical area. Consequently, there exists wide located in the Bhagalpur district. The Government
scope of fish cultivation in the state, providing of Bihar is taking significant steps to conserve this
gainful occupation of fishing production. This national aquatic animal. Bird sanctuaries in Bihar
sector is growing steadily and the contribution of are also under stress because of human
this sector to the GSDP has more than doubled intervention and land-based pollution. There is a
during the last decade. In 2004-05, the production decline of migratory birds visiting these wetlands,
of fish in Biharwas 2.67 lakh tonnes. The production which is critical for safeguarding aquatic resources.
grew continuously thereafter and reached the peak
level of 5.10 lakh tonnes in 2016-17. Interlinking of Rivers: The state of Bihar is plagued
by a paradoxical problem regarding water. While
Declining irrigation efficiency is a matter of grave North Bihar faces the problems of flood, South
concern as it puts lot of pressure on already scarce Bihar is drought prone. To find a solution of drought
water resources and hence, impacts the Aquatic in South Bihar, and simultaneously to minimize the
bio-diversity. River pollution and other wetland area threat of flood in North Bihar, there is a plan for
pollutions have become very serious because of linking the rivers of the state. This will first require
poor sewerage systems in Bihar. Implementation of identifying the rivers to be interlinked and then
"state Action Plan on Climate Change -Jan 2015
132
prepared Detailed Project Reports for execution. STRATEGY

These schemes could be extended or coordinated
with the inter-state or international schemes as per The sustainable development of wetlands depends
the requirement ofthe state. on proper utilization, management and
conservation of diverse natural resources to ensure
POLICY INTERVENTION: the fulfilment of human needs, which continue to do
so far for the future generation, without hampering
Bihar, being a land locked state, has formulated the natural resources. Hence, following
fisheries development schemes, the suggestions are being put forth to further protect
implementation of which will contribute the aquatic resources of the state:
substantially to sustainable fish production from
various available water resources. • 2020, all towns and municipal corporations
situated on river bank must have proper
The fisheries development schemes are as follows: sewerage system and complete ban on
releasing untreated sewerage in the river
1. Fish Seed hatchery construction system.
2. Construction of new Ponds/nursery ponds • All towns to have proper solid waste
3. Training of farmers management system and ban on dumping of
4. Wetland Development & its stocking waste in any water bodies.
5. Renovation of ponds • Mapping wetlands and work for their proper

conservation and comprehensive development.
6. Establishment of Fish Feed Mills
• Community participation and education
7. Fish feed distribution/One time Inputs for newly campaign to monitor overfishing in wetlands
developed/renovated ponds/ wetlands and regular patrolling to ban fishing, especially
8. Strengthening of database system during the breeding season.
9. Publication of training/extension manuals, • Improvement in water efficiency, treatment of
bulletins and audio-visual materials catchment areas, and support to compatible
10. Assured water solar pump with bore well & land use practices, infrastructure improvement
Tube well to ensure sustained water balance, optimal
wetland hydrology and all-season water
11. Establishment of monitoring and evaluation
availability will be key in protecting wetlands.
system for monitoring of extension activities
and implementation of various • Extensive community education/awareness
schemes/projects building on the importance of these wetlands
and the need to protect/conserve them and
formation of community conserved zones
VISION around these wetlands for enhanced protection.
To conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas • Capacity building and support for promotion of
and marine resources for sustainable infrastructure provision/enhancements for
development. enterprise-linked community conservation
efforts are must.
133
SITUATION ANALYSIS
Goal 15 focuses on managing forests sustainably, Plain and South Eastern plateau. Bihar is
restoring degraded lands and successfully biologically very rich and is divided into two major
combating desertification, reducing degraded eco regions; the North Bihar region lies in the
natural habitats and ending biodiversity loss. All of foothills of central Himalaya. River Gandak, Masan-
these efforts in combination will help ensure that Burhi Gandak, Bagmati, Kasi, Mahananda are the
livelihoods are preserved for those that depend perennial rivers ensuing from the Himalayas in
directly on forests and other ecosystems, that Nepal cutting the topography and meeting the
biodiversity will thrive, and that the benefits of these Ganga. These rivers along with their tributaries
natural resources will be enjoyed for generations to bring in the water and soil in lower part of the region
come. Preserving diverse forms of life on land and make a vast plain in river tract characterized
requires targeted efforts to protect, restore and with relatively less slope and honey-combed with
promote the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands. The South Bihar region consists of plains
terrestrial and other ecosystems. Goal 15 focuses drained by tributaries of Ganga - the rivers
specifically on managing forests sustainably, Durgawati, Sane, Punpun and Kiul emanating from
halting and reversing land and natural habitat Kaimur and Chotanagpur Plateau as well as the hilly
degradation, successfully combating terrain on the southern side.
desertification and stopping biodiversity loss.
The State has 1 National Park and 12 Wildlife
Bihar's ecosystem is very rich and has diverse Sanctuaries, covering an area of 0.32 Mha, which
landforms - ranging for the Ganga along with other constitutes 3.38% of the total geographic area of
rivers to forests in the Shivalik range covering West the state. The Valmiki Tiger Reserve, National Park
Champaran in the northwest corner. In the southern and Wildlife Sanctuary, the Kaimur Wildlife
part, the Chotanagpur Plateau straddle seven Sanctuary and the Bhimbandh Wildlife Sanctuary
border districts with Jharkhand and Kaimur Plateau are the bigger protected area landscapes with
being the easternmost part of Vindhyan highlands extent of more than 500 sq km. The Valmiki Tiger
straddle the two districts bordering Uttar Pradesh Reserve which includes Valmiki National Park and
on the South West. Wildlife Sanctuary forms the eastern most limit of
the Himalayan Terai forest in India and is situated in
The State's biodiversity is spread across various the north-western, West Champaran district. The
geological and climatic variations, namely Terai Valmiki Tiger Reserve is the richest landscape in
tract of the Himalayan region, Middle Gangetic
138
Bihar in terms of natural biodiversity. The Kabar Tai, relatively rich in faunal assemblage and a predator-
the Barailla Jheel and Kusheswar Asthan in the prey community threatened species in mammals,
districts of Begusarai, Vaishali and Darbhanga reptiles and amphibians. In other protected areas,
respectively are three naturals wetlands in North the faunal diversity and abundance is relatively poor
Bihar declared as Bird sanctuaries. The State also due to degraded habitats amidst adverse
has about 50 km of Ganga river course in anthropogenic impacts and pressures. The
Bhagalpur district declared as Vikramshila immediate threats to forests in Bihar include
Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary - to protect the extreme poverty and overdependence of local
endangered freshwater dolphin (National Aquatic population on depleting forest resources.
Animal) and its habitats in Ganga river.
Incidentally, trees outside natural forests including
The State has varied forests ranging from horticultural plantations also constitutes a sizeable
deciduous forests (large proportion) to evergreen fraction of perennial vegetation cover (about 7% of
and littoral swamps, the latter two in very low geographical extent) having some natural
proportion. The State has been recorded for dry ecosystem level ramifications. These ecosystem
deciduous forests, with 305 species, including two components have significant and critical roles in
parasites, followed by the moist deciduous type overall landscape of the State dominantly covered
having 184 species including 16 endemic taxa and by agro-ecosystems and human habitation - both
79 rare taxa. The flora of the State also comprises rural and urban which are growing apace together
about 200 well-known medicinal plant species. with ongoing developments of infrastructure and
Amongst fauna, the Valmiki Tiger Reserve is potential industrial developments.
Figure 15.1: Percent of very dense forest
Percentage of Very Dense Forest

3 2.61
2.53
2.5
2
1.5 • Bihar
1 • India
0.5 0.25 0.26
0
2011 2015
Wetland: Total wetland area in Bihar is estimated at Bihar is another major cause of concern as it puts
4.031akh hectare, which is around 4.5% of the total lot of stress on already depleting water resources.
area. The major wetland types are river/stream, The irrigation efficiency from 66% in 2001 has
accounting for about 74% of the wetlands .. Some of declined to 42.5% in 2010. Bihar ecosystems are
the other wetland areas can be classified as natural challenged with various impacts because of
waterlogged areas, ox-bow lakes/cut off meanders, constant erosion and depositional rhythm along the
etc. There is a significant reduction in open water by course of rivers. For the change in the path has
35% from post-monsoon to pre-monsoon time. On given a way for unique system of waterlogged
account of sudden decrease in bed slope in Bihar, areas, it consist of ecologically swamp forest,
the natural flow of water and thereby the biodiversity swamp grassland and ox-bow lakes.
is affected. In order to maintain the bio-diversity in
wetlands, it is important to make sure that the Urbanization I Disaster management: Frequent
natural slope of rivers for efficient water carrying disasters such as flood and drought are serious
capacity is maintained. Irrigation inefficiency in concerns for the state of Bihar. Some of the issues
"Forest Department, GoB
137
that require immediate attention are judicious use 1. That a time-bound comprehensive study be
of water resources, pollution of air and water undertaken concerning silting due to Farraka
sources and solid waste management issues. Barrage and all issues of socio-economic
benefit loss resulting from the barrage and how
Incessant Ganga: The Ganga, originating from to resolve these issues conclusively.
Uttarakhand, is not merely a river, but part of life to
2. The problem of erosion in Bihar has increased
millions of people and historically has been the life
due to dredging in National Waterway No.1.
line for so many big cities and human settlements
The project should be put on hold till a scientific
on the bank of it. The present condition of
study of the same is got done.
sedimentation in river has become a matter of
anxiety. There is a huge sedimentation in the flow 3. Bihar and Bengal should get their fair share of
path of the river Ganga. We can observe several original water of the Ganga from Gomukh. It
islands type structures in river Ganga. The river bed should be a joint responsibility of the Ganga
has become shallow. Even in low precipitation, we Basin States to provide water to the Ganga to
observe severe flood in river Ganga. meet India's obligation to Bangladesh for which
the share of each state should be fixed.
The river bed of Ganga has risen due to excessive 4. All dams & barrages u/s Bihar should release e-
silt deposits during more than last 3 decades which flows of 50% until site specific scientific
has affected the silt carrying capacity of the river assessment of e-flows is done.
upstream of Farakka Barrage. In addition to loss of
5. The recycled water from sewage treatment plan
life, properties and crops; large scale of damage of
should not be released in Ganga rather it
Infrastructure has been witnessed due to flood in
should be used in agriculture. Besides, stress
Bihar. Government spends crores of Rupees on
on organic farming in the entire Ganga basin
restoration and re-construction of infrastructures. In
should be given because organic farming
2016 flood, even New High Flood Level has been
needs less water. This will help maintain
recorded at Gandhighat (Patna), Hathidah and
Incessant Character offlow in River Ganga.
Bhagalpur. Bihar Govt. has made an expenditure of
about Rs 1300 Cr during last 5 Years on account Whereas following are the main points of the "Delhi
Relief Work related to Ganga Flood. Inadequate Declaration"
release of discharge from upstream states and
construction of Farakka Barrage, resulting in 1) A time-bound comprehensive study be
sedimentation has become a sever issue in its undertaken concerning siltation and its ill-
upstream. effects due to the Farakka Barrage:
The State Government organized an International i. All the gates and sluices should be made
Conference first at Patna and then at New Delhi to functional round the year.
discuss the issue with Academicians, ii. To ensure representation of Bihar
Environmentalists, Engineers, Social Activists, Government officers in operation,
Legal Experts and scholars of different fields. The maintenance & monitoring of Farakka
future strategies/ alternatives/ future action plan Barrage.
has been published as Patna Declaration and Delhi
iii. To analyze the remodeling prospects of
Declaration respectively and the State Government
Farakka barrage system to upgrade its
has adopted these declaration as its future course
hydraulic performance as well as
of action. It requires serious consideration at all
sustainability using state-of-the-art design
levels not only for maintaining the incessant flow of
techniques in the existing installation and, if
the Ganga but also for the survival of the whole
possible, an alternative solution may be
Gangetic basin so crucial for us and our future
explored.
generations.
2) That release of requisite e-flows should be done
The Following are the main points of Patna by all dams and barrages upstream of Bihar as
Declaration:- decided by scientific and systemic
"water Resource Department.. GoB

as Climate Action Plan, GoB
•irrigation Status Report, GoB
138
assessment. seedling have been planted. As per the FSI,

3) Dredging of National Waterways-1 is increasing Dehradun assessment report of 2015 the state has
erosion in Bihar. The project should be put on forest/tree cover of 12.88%. . Assessment of forest
hold until a scientific study of impact of cover of the state by using latest images with the
dredging on erosion is done. help of the Forest Survey of India, Dehradun is
underway. Under soil and moisture conservation,
4) To ensure fair share of the water of the Ganga
1.58 lakh hectare of forests have been saturated
basin, originating from Gomukh and Badrinath,
under watershed management.
for Bihar and Bengal it should be a joint
responsibility of the Ganga Basin States to Plantation of 0.39 lakh seedlings have been planted
provide water to the Ganga to meet India's along Ganga river under 'Namami Gange' scheme
obligation to Bangladesh. in 5 districts namely- Patna, Bhagalpur, Vaishali,
5) Instead of 'keeping the silt away' the strategy of Begusarai and Munger. Tissue Culture lab has been
'giving the silt its way' should be adopted for this established to produce superior quality bamboo
suitable mechanism should be formulated. p lants. Two bio-diversity parks have been
established at Piparghatti (Gaya) and Kushiargaon
6) An alternative solutions for de-silting in
(Araria) in order to preserve the indigenous flora of
Upstream and prevention of erosion in the
the state. "Bagicha Bachao Abhiyan" (Save
downstream of Farakka barrage, there is a
Orchards) is another program being implemented
need for structural modification measures or
by GoB to increase the g reen cover.
decommissioning may be a possible
alternative.
VISION
7) A comprehensive National Silt Management
Policy is required to be formulated for Government of Bihar is committed to protect,
Himalayan and alluvial rivers. restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial
ecosystems & river-systems, sustainability manage
The Government of Bihar is following up these
forests, combat desertification, and halt and
recommendations in the right earnest so that the
reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
objective of Incessant Ganga is achieved.
in tune with SDG 15. Besides it has plan to increase
Poaching/ Trafficking and Conservation: The its foresVtree cover to 17% by 2022.
common international boundaries with Nepal and
Bangladesh make Bihar the vulnerable to illegal STRATEGY
wildlife trade. The illegal wildlife trade in Bihar
largely deals with Tiger, Leopard, Sloth Bear and This is in addition to the existing intervention in the
Mongoose. state.
Knowledge Management: Lack of knowledge, • Maintain forest cover/tree outside forest (TOF)
knowhow and capacity is leading to a slow cover over 15% of state's geographical area and
response from stakeholders. There is need to augment the cover by another 2% (i.e. overall
increase awareness about the impact of bio- coverage of 17%) over next five years by
diversity loss, in general, and about various extension and intensifying tree cover over the
policies, in particular and also to increase non-forest and agriculture lands.
coordination among departments. • Habitat protection, blo-dlverslty conservation,
restoration and management including
POLICY INTERVENTIONS: improvement in soil and moisture conservation
Government of Bihar has taken an important for wildlife conservation in protected areas as
initiative named Hariyali Mission under Agriculture per management plan and natural forests as per
Road Map (2012-17} to increase the forest cover of the Working Plan .
the state as the state had only 9.79% of the • Implementation of Agriculture Road Map to
geographical area under foresVtree cover in the maintain rich, healthy and diverse ecosystems
year 2011. A target of 15% of geographical area with a focus on institutional linkages,
was to be brought under foresVtree cover in 5 years convergence potential partnership and develop
period. Under Hariyali Mission 18.47 crores a plan for short, medium and long-term
139
interventions to sustain life on land. • Implementation of comprehensive perspective

• Preservation of wetlands, maintenance of the plan under the Green India Mission for climate
flow of the important rivers like Ganga, Kasi etc., change mitigation in the state.
organic farming along the entire stretch of the • Establishment of recycling and treatment, storage
river basin, and maintaining green cover along and disposal facility (TSDF) is important for
river and wetlands. avoiding pollution. Effective steps to control all
• Ensure that the Two declarations (Patna & Delhi) types of pollution and waste management
on Incessant Ganga are implemented in letter & (Solid, Electronic, Bio-medical, etc.) are
spirit. important aspects of bio-diversity conservation.
• Develop knowledge-based institutions and • Developing a "Green CodeH with Rural/Urban
partnering with technical institutions such as llT, Development/Industry is a must for
NIT and Forest Institute to develop an action implementing some other schemes to promote
plan on various issues concerning bio-diversity. green areas. Development of parks, greening of
roads, green building and drainage/sewer
• Development of superior plant species,
system can also increase the green cover in the
adaptable to changing climatic conditions using
state.
tissue culture and plantation of suitable species
in disaster-prone/sensitive areas to mitigate • Enhancing education and awareness,
disasters like soil erosion are significant for modernization and improving infrastructure and
conserving the biodiversity in the region. basic facilities, human resource development and
capacity enhancement are some of the other
• Sustainable use of the forest produce, ensuring
strategies to realize the Vision.
proper share and benefit to forest dwelling
communities, will be another area to be taken on • Adoption/development of modern technology
priority. for measurement of flow in river areas,
developing inventory of wetlands, water
• By 2025, to have organic farming all along the
resource information system and reassessment
river banks across the state to avoid pollution
of basin-wise water situation. Collection of data
from chemicals during the floods. This will help
about river morphology for monitoring erosion
in restoring the bio-diversity of the wetlands as
and carrying capacity will help in maintaining the
well as the overall improvement of economic
bed slope of the rivers.
condition of farmers.
140
As per the crime statistics published by the National
INTRODUCTION:
Crime Record Bureau (NCRB) for the year 2015,
Sustainable Development meets the needs of average national rate of total cognizable crime per
present without compromising the ability of future lakh population registered under Indian Penal Code
generations to meet their own needs. The world's is 234.2, while the same for Bihar is 171.6. On the
nations adopted Sustainable Development Goals basis of rate of crime, Bihar stands at 22"d place
(SDGs) precisely to help guide the future course of among all States and Union Territories. In case of
economic and social development on the planet. offences against women the national average is
Sustainable Development calls for a world in which 6.1, the average of Bihar is 2.3 only. In this respect
111
economic progress is widespread; extreme poverty Bihar stands at 13 place in the country. On the
is eliminated; social trust is encouraged through basis of crime rate i.e. crime reported per lakh
policies that strengthen the community; and the population in the year 2015 against women, the
environment is protected from human-induced crime rate of Bihar is 27.9, whereas National
degradation. It calls for a holistic framework I in average is53.9.
which society aims for economic, social, and
The State Government took a historical step to
environmental goals. To achieve these objectives of
implement total prohibition. This has resulted in
the SDGs, a fourth objective Good Governance
significant decline in major crimes. There has been
must also be achieved. SDGs call for socially
a sharp decline in the number of motor vehicle
inclusive and environmentally sustainable
accident cases and deaths thereof. The prohibition
economic growth.
is resulting in healthy citizens, economic betterment
of families and reduction in domestic violence and
SITUATION ANALYSIS: social crimes. It has had a positive impact on the
social harmony and an atmosphere of peace and
The top priority of the State Government has been
goodwill can be witnessed in rural and urban areas.
to establish Rule of Law by strengthening law &
It has led to a more empowered, healthy and
order through transparent, open and accountable
disciplined society, the desired effects of which are
governance and to curb all types of crime so as to
visible in the development of Bihar. The common
provide an inclusive and fearless society which will
masses of the state are now saving their hard
ensure good environment for development. The
earned money which they would have otherwise
Government is committed towards ensuring dignity
spent on liquor. It is now being better utilized for
and justice to all sections of the society, especially
augmenting family's budget for food, clothing,
SC/ST and weaker sections, to maintain communal
education, consumption needs and other
and caste harmony and to provide justice in all
productive purposes. This has given boost to the
cases of atrocities especially against women by
economy as well.
speedy investigation and trial.
142
Enthusiased by the success of prohibition in the A programme called 'Aapki Sarkar Aapke Dwar' was
State we have decided to expand our campaign launched for making the administrative system
from liquor-free State to an intoxication-free state. A more sensitive and responsible in areas affected by
campaign was launched on 21st January, 2017 Left Wing Extremism (LWE). A new policy related to
through a massive Human-Chain across Bihar, with the 'surrender-cum-rehabilitation plan' for left
a participation of about 4 crore residents. This extremists in the state has been put in place. One
historical and unprecedented event exhibited the Counter Insurgency and Anti-Terrorist (CIAT)
true participatory zeal and solidarity of the citizens School each at three Battalion Headquarters of
of the State for a cause. A strong message was Bihar Military Police has been established.
relayed to the world by the people of Bihar about
The Bihar Right to Public Services Act, 2011 was
their unwavering support to Prohibition and their
introduced to enable citizens to demand services
desire for an intoxication free society.
from the state government and its agencies within a
The Government has made special efforts to stipulated time frame. Passed in April 2011 and
improve the police infrastructure by establishing implemented on August 15, 2011, the RTPS in Bihar
new model police stations and recruiting police is first such law in the country directed at tackling
personnel. The number of police force per lakh corruption, inefficiency and lack of transparency in
population has improved from 57 in 2005 to 88 in the conduct of government affairs. The
2009. A total of 43761 new posts have been implementation of RTPS in Bihar has been done
created, from Deputy SP to the Constable cadres. utilising ICT tools in the form of a service delivery
Appointment to 22813 posts of Constable has and monitoring software, an Interactive Voice
already been made till 2015. A total of 2152 Response System, various application tracking
appointments have been made to the posts of tools, a help line for dealing with citizens' queries
Police Sub-Inspector since 2005. Constable about their entitlements and services covered
Selection Board for fair and transparent recruitment under the Act, and an on line application and
of constables using latest technology has been set- service delivery system. The RTPS currently covers
up in Bihar. For recruitment to the rank of Sub 53 services in different departments.
Inspectors, a separate Subordinate Selection
The Blhar Right to Public Grievance Redressal Act,
Board has also been formed recently. The SAP
2015 came into being by combining the innovation
(Special Auxiliary Force) was formed in March 2006
of the rights aspect of the Bihar Right To Public
for effective action against organized crime and
Services Act, 2011 and the independent aspects of
naxal activities.
an ombudsman or a consumer court. With the
In pursuance to its commitment to ensure safety of introduction of The Bihar Right to Public Grievance
women and protect them against violent crimes, Redressal Act 2015, Bihar became the first state in
participation of women in the police force has been the country, where redressal of public grievance
increased. Women police stations in all the 40 has been made a legal right. Every citizen has a
police districts of the State have been established. right to time-bound (60 working days) public
Appointment to 675 posts of women constables grievance redressal.
has been made by creating the 'All Women Armed
There is a system of registering complaints by voice
Battalion'. 35% of posts in direct recruitment quota
through the call centre, digitally through the portal
of Sub Inspector and Constable have been
or by e-mail, and physically at 140 Public Grievance
reserved for women in both reserved and non-
Redressal Centres and acknowledging every
reserved categories. For providing convenience
complaint. The procedure is transparent and
facility to female police personnel, the government
standardized. It is the same adopted for any quasi-
has got constructed two toilets, two bathrooms,
judicial process with hearing of both parties;
including 41 twenty-seated toilets and 69 five-
submission of supporting documents; arguments
seated lady toilets at 559 police stations in 40 police
proffered by both parties supporting their case; the
districts for female visitors and female police
order of the Public Grievance Redressal Officers
personnel. One dedicated vehicle and other
(PGROs) containing the decision and the rationale
resources have been provided to each Mahila PS.
behind the decision. All of the information is
accessible to the complainant.
143
There is a three-stage provision for appeals and been constituted wherein 344 posts of various
reviews against the orders issued by the PGRO or categories have been sanctioned . Training
the First Appellate Authority. Appellate authorities arrangements have been made for imparting
are also bound to issue orders within the time limit quality training to officers and jawans of Anti-
prescribed for them . The citizens, by this Act, have a Terrorist Squad in various national and other
'One-stop Shop' to legally redress their grievances. government training institutes. SWAT (Special
Accessibility, Transparency, Accountability, Weapons and Assault Team) has been constituted
Timeliness and a Neutral Arbitrator have now within ATS in which police officers/personal trained
become the foundation for redressal of public in Commando Courses at NSG have been
grievances. deputed.
For maintaining communal harmony, combating

POLICY INTERVENTIONS: naxal activity and keeping vigilance over economic
In continuance of police reforms in Bihar, offences and organised crime, 'Special Branch' is
investigation and law & order wings of police have being reorganised, by making it officer oriented and
been separated at police station level (30% for standard operating procedures are being
investigation and rest 70% for law & order duties). formulated by restructuring subject wise table for
This separation will make police functioning more functioning at field as well as headquarters level.
officer oriented, improve the quality of investigation The scheme is in final phase of implementation.
and will help in tackling law & order problems more
Noticing the increasing trends of cybercrime across
promptly. Presently it has been enforced in all police
the country, cybercrime and Social Media labs are
stations across the State. To achieve this desired
being established at Headquarters and District
objective, 5245 new posts of Sub Inspectors and
level to strengthen the Economic Offences Unit,
261 Onew posts of Assistant Sub Inspectors need to
because the crime needs immediate action and
be created. Bihar Police aims to achieve a 10%
reduction in violent crimes over the next 3 years and delay in prompt action may lead to loss of leads and
making the detection more difficult.
a 30% reduction in violent crimes by the year 2030.
Bihar Police Helpline {Toll No. 18603456999) Police Forensic science Laboratories have been equipped
Control Room has been established at police with modern equipment for scientific investigation
for control of crime. In four districts namely Motihari,
headquarters with a facility of Help Line, which
Patna, Bhagalpur and Pumea District mobile
works on 24X7 basis. General Public can lodge
forensic laboratory vans have been made
complaints here through telephone/website/mobile
operational and steps are being taken to make it
apps. After lodging of a complaint, a number is
operational in other districts also.
provided to the complainant and related complaint
is forwarded to the concerned officer-in-charge, The State Government has taken concrete steps to
and through an automated software algorithm, the check and control corruption, by strict enforcement
complaint is escalated to senior officers if action is of its "Zero Tolerance policy against corruption ". For
not taken within a stipulated timeframe. confiscation of illegal assets acquired by corrupt
practices by Public Servants, Bihar Special Court
CCTV cameras will be installed in important cities
Act 2009 (Bihar Act 5, 201 O) has been notified and
for safe city surveillance and prevention of eve-
Bihar Special Court Rules 201 O have been
teasing. It will be integrated with police control
promulgated under this Act. Six special courts have
room. A scheme with total cost of Rs. 282 crores
been constituted for speedy trial of confiscation
has been sanctioned for the installation of CCTV
cameras at all police station and lock-ups. This cases of illegally acquired assets by corrupt public
servants. In a significant move to promote
initiative will lead to fall in the allegations of violation
transparency, min isters and all government
of human rights and will also ensure the protection
employees of Group A. B and C of the Government
of human rights.
of Bihar have been declaring their and their
For controlling the terrorist activity Anti-Terrorist dependents' assets since 2011 . 94 Posts of Sub
Squad headed by Inspector General of Police has Judge, Civil Judges, senior grade for judicial
144
services and for judicial services and constitution of particularly land. With the backlog of
fast track courts, total 74 temporary posts of developmental challenges remaining huge, the
Additional District and Session Judge have been Government has decided to ensure that those at
created. 25 retired Dy.SPs have been appointed on the bottom of the social pyramid receive maximum
a contractual basis against the vacant posts of Dy. government support for their economic and social
SPs to strengthen the vigilance Investigation betterment.
Bureau and Special Vigilance Unit. Pursuant to the
Vigilance Investigation Rules, 2012 appointments VISION:
of the 11 Deputy superintendent of Police, 09 posts
Government of Bihar is committed to promote
of Police Sub-Inspector and 09 Posts of
peaceful and inclusive society for sustainable
Intermediate level Lower Division Clerks are being
development, provide access to justice for all, build
sanctioned to augment the Vigilance Department
effective, accountable and transparent institutions
for Vigilance Investigation Bureau.
at all levels and its vision is in tune with SDG-16.
To bring transparency in administration and to
deliver services to its citizens in stipulated time, the STRATEGY:
State Government introduced The Bihar Right to
Public Services Act, 2011. Its aim is to enable the GOAL 16.1- Significantly reduce all forms of violence
citizens to demand services from the State and related death rates everywhere :-
Government and its agencies within a stipulated
+ Modernization of pollce force, police
time frame. It was directed at tackling corruption,
stations, intelligence and other
inefficiency and lack of transparency in the conduct
infrastructure in state
of government affairs, especially at the lower levels.
+ It is proposed to establish a State level
The Bihar Right to Public Grievance Redressal Act, Emergency Response Control Centre (call
2015 was introduced to make redressal of public centre with 100 seat capacity) and
grievances a legal right. Every citizen now, has a Computer aided dispatch (CAD) centres at
right to time-bound (60 working days) redressal of District HQ levels. Each district needs to
his/her grievance. This Act further resolves the have emergency response vehicles
commitment of the state Government to equipped with GPS based AVLS
implementing 'Zero Tolerance Policy against (Automatic vehicle location system) facility.
corruption'.
+ A total of 5245 new posts of Sub Inspectors
The Bihar Excise and Prohibition Act, 2016 has and 2610 posts of Asst. S.I. are proposed to
been enacted to enforce, implement and promote be created for faster and better
complete Prohibition of liquor and intoxicants in the investigation as investigation and law &
territory of the State. order duties have been separated at Police
Station level.
The Right to Information Act empowers the citizens,
+ A total of 36 mobile forensic vans are
promotes transparency and accountability in the
proposed for expediting the investigation
working of the Government, contains corruption,
process and making it more scientific,
and makes our democracy work for the people in
which in turn will lead to better prosecution
real sense. ':Jaankarr, a first of its kind helpline,
and conviction rates.
paves the way in making the Right to Information
Act accessible to all citizens. Based on a simple call •:• It is proposed to implement an "Incident
centre model, it has created a citizen-friendly Management System" which will facilitate
system that ensures accountability and faster collection of evidences and
transparency in governance. To file an RTI transmission to a central server for online
application, one simply needs to make a phone call. storage and analysis.
+ Bihar Police is actively considering to
Distributive Justice: Bihar continues to remain a launch a Women's Safety Mobile Application
State with uneven distribution of resources,
145
along the lines of 'HIMMAT App.' as GOAL 16.4 - By 2030 significantly reduce illicit
launched by Delhi Police. flnanclal and arms flows, strengthen the recovery of
stolen assets and combat all forms of organised
+ CID has proposed to induct 163 new
crime:-
vehicles along with requisite staff for
effective Highway patrol activities. In Bihar Police aims to achieve a 20% reduction in illicit
addition, it is proposed to deploy laser financial and arms flows and organised crime over the
based speed measurement devices on next 3 yea rs.
highways
Initiatives proposed to reduce organized economic
+ Implement action of SOP for disposal of crimes and illicit financial flows:
pending cases
+ Strengthening of Special Vigilance Unit
+ Intensive training of Prosecution & law
and Economic Offence Unit
officers
+ Incentive/rewards for personnel working in
GOAL 16.2- End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and Vigilance /EOU
all forms of violence against and torture of children:-
+ Fruitful intelligence collection about
+ Bihar Police aims to achieve a 10% reduction narcotics & black money through
in crimes against children, over the next 3 establishment of a 'Financial Intelligence
years (i.e. 2017-18 to 2019-20) and 30% Unit'
reduction in crimes against children, by year + Gathering satellite imagery of illicit
2030. Ganja/Opium cultivation.
•:• Establishment of an 'Anti-Liquor Task Force'.
+ In each of the 40 districts, Anti-Human
Trafficking Unit (AHTU) and Special Juvenile + Regular specialized training on illicit
Police Unit (SJPU) headed by 1 Dy.S.P. (Special financial flows for SI, Inspectors &Dy. SPs
crimes), along with ancillary staff are
GOAL 16.5 - Substantially reduce corruption and
proposed to be strengthened and made
bribery in a II their forms: -
well-equipped.
GOAL 16.3:- Promote the rule of law at national and

> To reduce corruption and bribery in all forms
substantially upto 25% over next 3 years:
international levels and ensure equal access to
justice for all: - + All departments to be put on e-governance
specially tenders, procurement &
+ Strengthening of the Bihar Police Helpline
departmental works
centre is proposed, which is functional
24x7 for the purpose of grievance + Preparation of guidelines for continuous
redressal. monitoring of projects &schemes
•:• Mandatory Account linking of beneficiaries
+ Legal awareness campaigns are proposed
for allowance/fund payments to
to make people aware about the 'Bihar
employees.
Victim Compensation Scheme'.
+ CCTV cameras at offices, stores and work
+ To make the Police force more responsible place and vulnerable departments, including
and performance oriented, it is proposed CCTVs at each police station across Bihar.
to develop an 'Online Performance
+ Creation of a Police Data Centre.
Measurement System' for the police force.
This system will allow grant of score to •:• Specialized training in PC act, laying of trap
police personnel for pre-defined set of procedures, CrPC, action under
tasks and thus enable us to deploy a Prevention of Money Laundering Act
transparent system for performance 2002/Criminal Amendment Act, 1944/Bihar
evaluation of policemen. Special Court Act 2009/Police Act,
148
2007/NDPS Act & CrPC programme of the technical wing in their respective fields.
police officials of the rank of Inspector and + Installation of real time monitoring system
Dy SP. (Store and Forward System for
Communication Surveillance ), internet
GOAL 16.6 - Develop effective, accountable and
monitoring system, two softwares for
transparent Institutions at all levels: -
social media monitoring system, cyber
+ Completion of the CCTNS Project in Bihar forensic system and at least three different
state on top priority. types of CDR analysis softwares.
+ Boosting the compliance of Right To Public + Having mechanism like State Multi agency
Services (RTPS) Act and Public Grievance Center (SMAC) to share intelligence/
Redressal System (PGRS) in the State. information on real time basis with other
+ Enhancing the capabilities of newly Counter Terrorism (CT) agencies of the
launched Bihar Police Helpline country and outside.
(18603456999)
2. Investigation Related Targets
•:• Initiate due process for embracing the E-
governance projects, specifically related to + To provide training to all personnel of ATS
citizen-centric services and E-tendering and STF in the field of investigation and
etc. latest trends in Forensic Science to attain
higher level of expertise and effectiveness.
GOAL 16.10 - Ensure public access to information and
protect fundamental freedoms in accordance with
+ To have all necessary infrastructure and
equipments related to various fields of
national legislation and international agreements: -
investigations including mobile forensic
•:• We aim to achieve the objective of 100% lab.
disposal rate ofreceived applications.
3. MiscellaneousTargets
+ To achieve this objective, a 'District Human
Rights Cell' (D.H.R.C.) in every district is + Insurance by government to all personnel
proposed in S.P. Office. working in ATS and STF.
GOAL 16.a -Strengthen relevant national Institutions 4. Intervention Related Targets

including through international cooperation for
building capacity at all levels, in particular in
+ To have expert and efficient Special
Weapons And Tactics (SWAT) and Bomb
developing countries, to prevent violence and
Detection and Disposal Squad (BODS) units
prevent terrorism and crime.
equipped with all essential and state-of-
1. Intelligence Collection Related Targets the-Art arms and equipments.
+ To have a dedicated and state-of-the art
+ To have updated folders related to all terror
training institute equipped with all
and L.W.E. related cases registered across
necessary infrastructure.
the country.
•:• To have separate and updated dossier
+ To attain self-sufficiency in training.
comprising complete detail of various + Regular organisation of joint

suspects involved in terror and L.W.E. exercise/training with other Counter
related activities. Terrorism/ anti-Naxal forces of the country
and outside.
+ To provide optimal and state of the art
training to all personnel of intelligence and
147
global engagement in support of implementation of
SITUATION ANALYSIS:
all the Goals and targets, bringing together
The 2030 Agenda requires a revitalized and Governments, the private sector, civil society, the
enhanced global partnership that mobilizes all United Nations system and other actors and
available resources from Governments, civil mobilizing all available resources. The SDGs affirm
society, the private sector, the United Nations the importance of global partnerships to achieve
system and other actors. Increasing support to the SDGs at the national and international level.
developing countries, in particular LDCs,
The M DG experience demonstrated the range of
landlocked developing countries and smaller
partnerships that can emerge for international
Island developing States is fundamental to
collaboration, from bilateral partnerships between
equitable progress for all.
states to combinations of public, private, and
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a multilateral actors. The SDGs are not something
plan of action for people, planet and prosperity. The that any one stakeholder group -- whether that be
SDGs are a universal agenda covering the three the Government, the UN, civil society or the private
core dimensions of sustainable development - sector will be able to deliver alone. Therefore,
social, economic and environmental in an partnerships are the glue for implementation and
integrated, interlinked and indivisible manner and essential to the successful operationalization of the
underpinned by the aspiration for more peaceful SDGs. Evidences are abundant to show that
and inclusive societies that are guided by respect inequalities are growing globally between Nations
for human rights and the rule of law. The 2030 and within India among States & UTs. Bihar in last
Agenda for Sustainable Development is based on decade despite showing good socio economic
five core principles or 5 Ps - People, Planet, progress lags behind national average on many
Prosperity, Peace and Partnership. development parameters. This is primarily because
of high population load, population density,
It is envisaged that all stakeholders, acting in pressure on land and other existing resources,
collaborative partnership, will implement this plan. geographical vulnerabilities, discriminatory policies
This calls for revitalized Global Partnership for and lack of required financial resources from
Sustainable Development, based on a spirit of Central Government.
strengthened global solidarity, focused in particular
on the needs of the poorest and most vulnerable POLICY INTERVENTIONS:
and with the participation of all countries, all
stakeholders and all people. The scale and In the past, Government of Bihar has forged
ambition of the new Agenda requires an intensive partnerships with United Nations & multilateral aid
150
agencies, international cooperation agencies, > General Administrative Department: Assisting

development banks, philanthropic organisations, in capacity building and improving efficiency of
international and national non-governmental Human Resource Management, Bihar Right to
organisations in the areas of Health, Nutrition, Public Services Act, Bihar Public Grievances
Education, Water-Sanitation, Livelihood, Child Redressal Act, and also in development of
Rights, Women Empowerment, Infrastructure software system.
Development, Knowledge Transfer, Tourism etc.
Government of Bihar has always been open to
> Labour Resource Department: Assisting in
development of new management system for
financial and technical support for improving socio
making Private and Government Industrial
economic conditions of its people. In the ambit of
Training Centers more employment oriented.
SDGs and given the scope and challenges in its
DFID is also studying the National Carrier
implementation, Government of Bihar firmly and
Service for finding the way of improving its
positively considers forging partnerships for
efficiency.
achievement of SDGs at global, national and state
level. > Minorities Welfare Department: Assisting in
better management of assets of Minorities
A memorandum of Co-operation has been entered
Development Department and Waqf Board.
into between the State of Bihar and the Bill &
Melinda Gates Foundation in the field of Health Also, Government of Bihar is successfully
Nutrition and Sanitation, Integrated Child implementing its some important schemes with the
Development Programme, Agriculture, Rural cooperation of International Agencies viz.
Development and Financial Inclusion, for total 5
year from 2016 to 2021. > Under the World Bank projects 53640 untrained
teachers of the State are being trained in
GROW BIHAR PROJECT has been initiated by different phases in distance learning mode.
DFID in cooperation with the State Government for
providing technical assistance in development > 33 Teachers Training Institutes are being built
strategies, resource augmentation possibilities and under The World Bank sponsored "Enhancing
capital assets formation. Under this project, Teacher Effectiveness in Bihar" programme
Industry Department, Finance Department, and ICT facilities are made available at 250
Commercial Tax Department, General training centers.
Administration Department, Labour Department
and Minority Welfare Department have been
> Construction work of Gaya-Hisua-Rajgir-
Nalanda-Biharsharif under Japan International
included. In these departments technical
Co-operation Agency (JICA} is in progress.
assistance is being provided as per following:
> Industry Department: Assisting the State

> 9 schemes of Dept. of Urban Development &
Housing under World Bank collaboration are in
Government for formulating new industrial
progress.
policy and; also, in improving Single Window
System for ease of trade. > Approval obtained for "Bihar Transformative
Development Project" with World Bank Loan.
> Finance Department: In the management and
The objective of the project to diversify and
operation offinancial programmes with the help
enhance household level incomes and improve
of CFMS project. Also, assisting in organization
access and use of nutrition and sanitation
of Information and Technology Cell in Finance
services among SHG households.
Department.
> Commercial Tax Department: Assisting in

> A web based application has been developed
in a joint effort of Department of Human
qualitative improvement in taxes payment
Resource Development and UNICEF for
system. Also, assisting in organization of
effective rehabilitation of the rescued child
Economics Intelligence Unit (EIU} for data
labourers and their financial Rehabilitation in
analysis.
their families.
151
Government of Bihar is committed to increase • Increase per capita development

Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) and mobilize expenditure of the State from INR 2295 (in
additional financial resources for implementation 2013-14) to INR 3000 (2019-20).
and achievement of SDGs in Bihar. In the recent
• Increase capital outlay to INR. 60,000crores
past Government has invested heavily in
by2019-20.
infrastructure sector to boost economic growth and
promote private investment opportunity, and • Increase State own Revenue receipts to
Public-Private Partnership (PPP). Public-Private 40% of the Budget
Partnership projects are already underway in
sectors mainly road construction, tourism, super 7Years:
speciality hospital, building construction, science
city, mega food park, cold storage etc. • Strengthening Multi-Stake holder
partnerships to mobilize and share
VISION: knowledge, expertise, and technology with
ADRI, GIMP, and llM etc.
Government of Bihar firmly believes in
• Improved environment for private sector
Development with Justice which envisages that
investments in Bihar by achieving private
everyone should come together to achieve
sector investment of 28% of GSDP
sustainable development goals and to ensure NO
ONE IS LEFT BEHIND. The government also • Strong tax administration and financial
strengthens the means of implementation and management systems to prevent pilferages
revitalize the global partnership for sustainable and efficiency.
development. The agenda is universal and calls for
action by all stakeholders. Government is • Assistance in integration of EIU with related
departments i.e. Transport, Energy and
committed to mobilize both existing and additional
resources. Multi stakeholder partnerships will be Mining and data exchange needs with
central revenue agencies like Income Tax,
crucial to leverage the inter-linkages between the
Sustainable Development Goals to enhance their Customs, Central Excise, Service Tax and
Financial Intelligence Unit.
effectiveness and impact. Government of Bihar's
vision is in tune with SDG 17, i.e. strengthening the • Achieve per capita GSDP growth of 12%.
means of implementation and revitalizing the
global, national or local partnerships for lSYears:
sustainable development.
• Augment Tax Revenue Collection by
'Bihar Vikas Mission' has also been constituted by increasing State own revenue collection to
Bihar Government with one of its primary objective 50% of the budget.
to enter into partnership with local and global
organizations, governments and financial • Increase Tax Revenue to GSDP ratio to
institutions for capacity enhancement and resource 12%.
mobilization for various activities of the Mission. • Improve Debt Sustainability by reducing
deptto GSDP ratio to 15%.
The short, medium and long terms strategies of
Government of Bihar are mentioned below: • Boost private sector investments in Biharto
40% of the GSDP
3Years:
• Achieve a target of 20% in GSDP growth.
• Private sector investment increasing from • Capital outlay to become Rs 2 L.akh crores.
an average 17% of GSDP (2008 to 2012) to
• Reduce interest payment to revenue
23%by2019.
receipts to 5%.
• Increase its own tax: GSDP ratio from an • Increase the proportion of individuals using
average 5% (2009-13) to 7.5% by 2019 the internet
152

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SDG VISl (.~i N

DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT

DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT

Ill LIST OF FIGURES 8

1.1 Percentage of Population Below Poverty Line (Tendulkar Methodology),

1.2 Percentage of Population Below Poverty Line (Tendulkar Methodology) - Bihar 16

1.3 Components of The Multi Dimensional Poverty Index 17

3.1 Bihar - IMR Trend (2005-2015) 34

3.2 Bihar/Jharkhand - MMR Trend 34

3.3 Institutional Births (%) 35

3.4 Children Aged 12-23 Months Fully Immunized (%) 35

4.1 Literacy Rate (in %) - 1961 - 2011 42

4.2 Gross Enrolment Ratio 44

4.3 Out of School Children 44

4.4 GER (Secondary Education) 46

5.1 Female Literacy Rate, 2001-2011, Bihar & India 62

5.2 Sex Ratio at Birth 2009-11 to 2013-15 63

8.1 Status of Number of Accounts under PMJDY in Bihar 87

8.2 Age Pyramid of Bihar 88

8.3 Work force Breakup-Category of workers 90

10.1 Percentage Share in Consumption of Bottom 20% of Population,

11.1 Trend of Urbanisation 111

15.1 Percentage of very Dense Forest 137

2004-05 2009-10 2011-12 2004-05 2009-10 2011-12

• Rural • Urban • Rural • Urban

Fig 1.3: Components of the Multidimensional Poverty Index

Components of the Multidimensional Poverty Index

The growth momentum of the Bihar's economy,

Table 1.1: Per Capita Income of Bihar &India'

2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

'Economic Survey of Bihar 2017

Table 1.2: Flood Effect on Bihar in 2013, 2014 and 2015'

• Department of Disaster Management, Government of Bihar

Table 1.3: Perfonnance af MGNREGS4

Year I 2011-12 I 2012-131 2013-131 2014-15 I 2015-16

'Economic Survey of Bihar, 2017

Boosting Agriculture Sector Through Agriculture

Fig 2.1: Share of Primary Sector in GSDP

'Economic Survey of Bihar, 2016-17

Table 2.1: Irrigated Area through minor irrigation sources (Ha)1

Indicator/Year Potential created up to 2016-17

Surface canal 71711

Tanks (including Aharsand fYneSj 200000

Tubewells (Private and State) 1394308

Other sources (lift irrigation and barge lift irrigation) 41466

• Purchase of New Ambulatory Vans • Development offish seed hatchery

' COMFED Blhar

2012-13 to 1800 MW in 2016-17. 14 Providing • Watershed Development and forest

,. Department ofEnergy, GoB

following: ensure availability of food grains to BPL persons.

the Agriculture Cabinet.

u Reforms in Targeted PDS, Report No 54 of 2015, CAG of India

Table 2.2: Coverage of MDMS11

Total Enrolment (in Lakhs) 153.16 147.7 140.68 143.18 144.7

Coverage Percentage 44.8 57.7 66.3 65.9 68.6

Coverage percentage 39.2 57.3 66.5 61.0 639

u Economic Survey of Bihar; 2017