Rock Sheds-Japanese Design Presentation PDF
Rock Sheds-Japanese Design Presentation PDF
Rock Sheds-Japanese Design Presentation PDF
Dr. H. Yoshida
Toshimitsu Nomura
Duncan C. Wyllie
Anthony J. Morris
Kanazawa
To Tokyo
Rock Sheds
“Rock Concrete Rock MSE
Fence Keeper” Shed
500
Barrier Barrier
Relative Construction Cost
Styrofoam
200
Sand Cushion
Styrofoam
Sand Super
cushion
cushion shed
100
50
10
5
⎛ ⎛ x ⎞
2
⎞
⎜
y = − 0.5 ⋅ g ⎜
⎜ ⎟ + x ⋅ tan α ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎝ V ⋅ cos α ⎠ ⎠
α
Velocity, V
Impact point
x
Rolling rock hazard -
boulder travelled ~1 km
from source
V0 = 2 ⋅ g ⋅ H
ψf
Rock fall velocities
250
Skagway Bare rock faces: Free fall
Slope = 45° velocity
μ = 0.40 (impact)
200
Terminal velocity?
Fall height, H (m)
150
Swiss test
Energy loss
due to impacts
100 Talus slopes: on slope
Slope = 31°
μ = 0.35 (rolling)
50
Big Sur ⎛ μ ⎞
V = 2 ⋅ g ⋅ H ⎜⎜ 1 − ⎟⎟
⎝ tanψ f ⎠
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 7
V evelocity,
Rock fall lo c i t y (m/s)
V (m/s)
Summary of Topics
Cushion
Cushion material
material
Transmitted force
distribution
Variation of weight
and transmission
Test Setup (plan view) impact forces with
time, full-scale tests
200
Beam A
170
Sand Tank
650
Beam B
3175
250 Span length 250
Displacement meter
Load cell
0
Styrofoam
Rubber tires
Deformation
Deformation
Longitudinal connection Rigid connection
between roof beams between column
and roof beam
Pinned
connection
Hinge in
column
Rigid
Post
connection
tensioned between roof
cables beams and
columns
Column
Post tensioned
cables joining
roof slabs
Summary of Topics
P = 2.108( mg ) 2/ 3
λ H
2/ 5 3/ 5
β −1
−0.58
⎛T ⎞
β =⎜ ⎟
⎝D⎠
Relationship Cushion Thickness (T), Rock Fall
Dimension (D) and Factor β
β
Large value
for T adds
β weight with
little increase
in energy
absorption
T/D
Distribution of impact load through
cushion on to roof of shed
Sand cushion,
thickness T
Roof
Effective area of
transmitted force on
roof, A
T2
A=π
4
Summary of Topics
Column
(pre-cast)
with
flexible
hinge
Granular
fill Rock anchor
Clearance with tie-back
Clearance
envelope through wall
“Crash” wall envelope
Retaining
with socket wall (cast
connection in place)
to column
Footing Footing
supported dowelled to
with rock rock
socketed foundation
piles
Rock fill
supporting track
Concrete
blocks to
retain
sand
cushion
Roof
beams
Valley-
side
columns,
1500 O.C.
Top of “crash”
wall with sockets
for lower ends of Elevation view
columns.
Summary of Topics
Artists rendering of
completed project
Widely spaced columns to
maximize view of ocean
Summary of Topics
Thank you
Impact positions of rock falls on
roof of shed
P′ P
ψ
Envelope of Rock Fall
Trajectories
Source
Trajectory envelope
Trajectory
height, h
Angular velocity
Translational velocity
ψf
Steel shed
Ferguson Rock Slide
Highway 140 between
Mariposa and Yosemite
National Park, CA
Deflection
sheds
Measured Rock Fall Trajectories
Trajectory height, h (m)
90%
envelope