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    Oral Medication

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    Oral medication can be administered to provide systemic effects or effects on the gastrointestinal tract. It is the most common and convenient route of administration. Nursing responsibilities include understanding the drug's actions, side effects, and interactions, recognizing normal doses, monitoring for reactions, and providing health teaching to patients on regular medications. Potential complications include drug interactions, patient refusal, swallowing difficulties, gastrointestinal irritation, and lack of drug absorption. Proper documentation of medication administration is important.

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    Oral Medication

    Uploaded by

    noname
    117 views4 pages
    Oral medication can be administered to provide systemic effects or effects on the gastrointestinal tract. It is the most common and convenient route of administration. Nursing responsibilities include understanding the drug's actions, side effects, and interactions, recognizing normal doses, monitoring for reactions, and providing health teaching to patients on regular medications. Potential complications include drug interactions, patient refusal, swallowing difficulties, gastrointestinal irritation, and lack of drug absorption. Proper documentation of medication administration is important.

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    Oral medication can be administered to provide systemic effects or effects on the gastrointestinal tract. It is the most common and convenient route of administration. Nursing responsibilities include understanding the drug's actions, side effects, and interactions, recognizing normal doses, monitoring for reactions, and providing health teaching to patients on regular medications. Potential complications include drug interactions, patient refusal, swallowing difficulties, gastrointestinal irritation, and lack of drug absorption. Proper documentation of medication administration is important.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    117 views4 pages

    Oral Medication

    Uploaded by

    noname
    Oral medication can be administered to provide systemic effects or effects on the gastrointestinal tract. It is the most common and convenient route of administration. Nursing responsibilities include understanding the drug's actions, side effects, and interactions, recognizing normal doses, monitoring for reactions, and providing health teaching to patients on regular medications. Potential complications include drug interactions, patient refusal, swallowing difficulties, gastrointestinal irritation, and lack of drug absorption. Proper documentation of medication administration is important.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    The document discusses different routes of medication administration including oral, rectal, and ocular routes as well as nursing responsibilities around medication administration.

    Oral and rectal routes are discussed as well as their purposes and effects. Anal administration uses the rectum as a route and has benefits for patients with digestive issues.

    Potential complications of oral medication include drug interactions, difficulty swallowing, and gastrointestinal irritation. Complications of ocular drops include redness, blurred vision, and potential side effects from long term use of corticosteroids like glaucoma and infections.

    Oral medication

    understand the actions, side effects, and incompatibility


    - most common, least expensive and most of drugs, recognize normal doses, and be
    convenient route for most clients knowledgeable about any reactions that a patient may
    - Medication that are given by mouth are experience.
    designed to be swallowed(oral route), to be
    held under the tongue until they dissolve report any unusual effects to the medical staff and
    (sublingual). record any side effects or negative reactions to the drug
    that has been given.
    Purpose: To provide a medication that has systemic
    effects or local effects on the gastrointestinal tract or IF the medication is to be prescribed regularly for a
    both specific disease, provide health teaching regarding safe
    To provide safe, effective and economical route for drug administration
    administering medications.
    If the labels on liquid medicine bottles are stained and
    Results: illegible, the medicine should not be used.
    Drugs in liquids form are more rapidly available for
    absorption than are solids. Complications
    For the young and elderly who have less gastric acidity, The drug may interact with other drugs the patient is
    drug absorption is slower taking and alter the desired effect.
    Enteric-coated drugs disintegrate only in the small The patient may refuse the drug.
    intestine, therefore their effect may be delayed in There may be difficulty in swallowing.
    onsets
    The drug may irritate the gastrointestinal tract. The
    Preparation responsibilities: drug may pass quickly through the body, and the
    Liquid medicines containing iron should be taken benefits of the drug may be lost.
    through a straw to minimize staining of the teeth.
    Bibliography:
    Check the client’s medication administration record
    Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health (2020,
    Determine whether the client can swallow, is NPO, is January 15). Oral Medication Administration. Retrieved
    nauseated or vomiting, has gastric suction, or has January 20, 2020, from
    diminished or absent bowel sounds. https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/encyclopedia
    s-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/oral-medication-
    Place the prepared medication together with the administration
    medicine tab in the medicine tray
    Kee, J. L. F., & Hayes, E. R. (2003). Pharmacology: a
    Explain the purpose of the medication and how it will
    nursing process approach (4th ed.). Philadelphia:
    help, using language that the client can understand.
    Include relevant information about effects Saunders.

    Post procedure:
    Document each medication given
    dispose of all supplies appropriately
    return to the client when medication is expected to take
    effect to evaluate effects
    observe for desired effect
    note any adverse effect
    report significant deviation from normal values

    Nursing responsibilities:
    Determine whether a patient is taking any drugs prior to
    being given any additional medication.
    Anal administration- - uses the rectum as a route of discard gloves by turning them inside out and disposing
    administration for medication and other fluids, which of them and any used supplies as per agency
    are absorbed by the rectum's blood vessels,[Note 1] and policy. Perform hand hygiene.
    flow into the body's circulatory system, which document procedure as per agency policy and include
    distributes the drug to the body's organs and bodily patient’s tolerance of administration
    systems
    complications:
    Purpose: The rectal route of administration is useful for severe/persistent stomach/abdominal pain, bloody
    patients with any digestive tract motility problem, such
    stools, rectal bleeding, persistent urge to have a bowel
    as dysphagia, ileus, or bowel obstruction, that would
    interfere with the progression of the medication movement, persistent diarrhea.
    through the tract. Diarrhea that doesn't stop may result in a serious loss of
    it may also facilitate the care of patients in long-term body water (dehydration)
    care or palliative care, or as an alternative to nusual decreased urination, unusual dry mouth/thirst,
    intravenous or subcutaneous medication delivery in fast heartbeat, or dizziness/lightheadedness.
    other instances.

    Result:

    Drugs administered PR have a faster action than via the


    oral route and a higher bio-availability – that is, the
    amount of effective drug that is available is greater as it
    has not been influenced by upper gastrointestinal tract
    digestive processes.

    Rectal absorption results in more of the drug reaching


    the systemic circulation with less alteration on route.

    Preparation:

    It is essential to obtain the patient’s consent to carry


    out an assessment before the
    rectal administration of medication. With consent, the
    perineal and perianal area should be examined

    Check the “seven rights” for administration of


    medicines as well as the three checks of medicatinon

    Ensure that you have water-soluble lubricant available


    for medication administration.

    Ensure call bell is nearby and bedpan/commode is


    available and close by.

    Help the patient to lie on their left side


    with the right knee raised towards the
    chest, if possible.

    Post responosibilites:
    Ask patient to remain on side for 5 to 10 minutes. To
    prevent expulsion of suppositories
    Otic Medications • Insert a small piece of cotton fluff loosely at the
    Instillations or irrigations of the external auditory canal
    meatus of the auditory canal for 15 to 20 minutes. Do
    are referred
    not press it into the canal. Rationale: The cotton helps
    to as otic and are generally carried out for cleaning
    retain the medication when the client is up.
    purposes.
    Document all nursing assessments and interventions
    PURPOSE: To soften earwax so that it can be readily
    relative to the procedure.
    removed at a later time
    Perform follow-up based on findings of the
    ■ To provide local therapy to reduce inflammation,
    effectiveness of
    destroy infective organisms in the external ear canal, or
    the administration or outcomes that deviated from
    both
    expected or normal for the client. Relate findings to
    ■ To relieve pain
    previous data if available.
    PREPARATION:
    Complication
    CHECK THE MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION RECORD
    hearing problems (e.g., hearing loss).
    Know the reason why the client is receiving the
    allergic reaction may include: rash, itching/swelling
    medication, the drug classification, contraindications,
    (especially of the face/tongue/throat), redness of the
    usual dose range, side effects, and nursing
    ears, severe dizziness, trouble breathing.
    considerations for administering and evaluating the
    intended outcomes of the medication
    ASSESS Appearance of the pinna of the ear and meatus
    for signs of
    redness and abrasions, also, the type and amount of
    any discharge
    Clean the pinna of the ear and the meatus of the ear
    canal.
    Nsg responsibility
    Explain to the client what you are going to do, why it is
    necessary, and how he or she can participate. The
    administration of an otic medication is not usually
    painful.
    Discuss how the results will be used in planning further
    care or treatments.
    Because in infants and children under 3 years of age,
    the
    ear canal is directed upward, to administer medication,
    gently pull the pinna down and back (Figure 35–53 ■).
    For
    a child older than 3 years of age, pull the pinna upward
    and backward.
    Perform hand hygiene and observe appropriate
    infection
    control procedures.
    post
    Ask the client to remain in the side-lying position for
    about 5 minutes. Rationale: This prevents the drops
    from escaping and allows the medication to reach all
    sides of the canal cavity.
    Optic cause adverse reactions. These include slowing
    Medicine for the Eyes. (2018, March 21). Retrieved of the heart rate, asthma attacks, decrease in
    January 21, 2020, from blood pressure, disorientation, loss of memory
    https://chicago.medicine.uic.edu/departments/academi and loss of sex drive. Diabetics should use these
    c-departments/ophthalmology-visual-sciences/our- drugs with caution because they may mask signs
    department/media-center/eye-facts/medicine-for-the-
    of low blood sugar.
    eyes/ University of Illinois

    Purpose: therapeutic uses for eye medications include


    glaucoma, eye infections, allergy and inflammation
    (redness) of the eye. Eye drops are also used for
    diagnostic purposes to dilate (enlarge) the pupils or to
    dye the ocular surface for eye examinations.
    Additionally, there are anesthetic eye drops to numb
    the eye. These are used for some diagnostic tests or for
    removing foreign objects from the cornea (the clear
    protective outer coat of the eye).

    Complications:
    occular side effects such as redness, stinging,
    blurred vision, sensitivity to light and
    constriction (narrowing) of the pupils. A class of
    anti-inflammatory drugs called corticosteroids
    (e.g., Pred Forte, Decadron) may cause cataracts,
    glaucoma and eye infections with prolonged use.
    Therefore, use these medicines only as your
    ophthalmologist prescribes. In rare cases ocular
    decongestant drops (e.g., Visine, Murine Plus)
    can cause a type of acute (sudden) glaucoma. If
    you have a red, painful eye after using these
    drops, call your eye doctor right away.

    Repeated use of anesthetic eye drops can cause


    severe damage to the cornea. Sometimes
    anesthetic eye drops are mistakenly prescribed
    after eye trauma, but they should never be used
    for this purpose.

    Ocular side effects also can occur from medicines


    used orally for conditions other than eye
    diseases.

    Side effects in other parts of the body—Some eye


    drops can cause headaches or even systemic side
    effects, such as stomach cramps, diarrhea and
    sweating. Although most systemic side effects
    resulting from drops are mild, severe reactions
    can occur. The beta-blocker agents for glaucoma
    treatment (e.g., Timoptic, Betagan, Betoptic) may

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